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Advanced Engineering Mathematics Solutions 2 4 2 7 2 10 PDF
Advanced Engineering Mathematics Solutions 2 4 2 7 2 10 PDF
Solution 2-4
No. 5
No. 6
No. 7
No.14
No.17
Solution2-5
No. 1
2 2 2
Double root m 2 a 1m b m 2 a 1m a 1 m a 1
2 2
2
The differential equation becomes x 2 y"axy' a 1 y 0 2 (1)
y x 1 a 2 ln x
1 a 2
y' 1 a x 1 a 2 ln x x
2 x
1 a x1 a 2 ln x x1 a 2 x1 a 2 1 1 a ln x
2 2
2
y" 1 a x 3 a 2 1 1 a ln x 1 a x
2
1 a 2
2 x
2 2
x3 a 2 1 a 1 a 1 a ln x 1 a x3 a 2
2 2
2 2
1a 1a 1a ln x 1a x3a 2
2 2
2
a 1 a ln x x 3 a 2
4
Put y, y’ and y” into (1)
4
2
x 2 a 1 a ln x x 3 a 2 axx1 a 2 1 1 a ln x a 1 x 1 a 2 ln x
2 2
2
4
2
a 1 a ln x x 1 a 2 ax1 a 2 1 1 a ln x a 1 x 1 a 2 ln x
2 2
2
4 2 2
2
a a 1 ln x a a 1 a ln x a 1 ln x x 1 a 2
2
2
a 1 a a a 2a 1 x 1 a 2 ln x
2 2
4 2 4
2
a 1 2a 2a a 2a 1 x 1 a 2 ln x
2 2
4
0
No. 4
xy"4 y' 0
Multiply the original equation by x
x 2 y"4 xy' 0
m2 3m mm 3 0
m1 0, m2 3
y1 x 0 1, y2 x 3
3
General sol.: y x C1 C2 x
No. 7
2 x 2 y"4 xy'5 y 0
m 0.62 0
m1 m2 0.6 double root
y1 x 0.6 , y2 x 0.6 ln x
No. 12
m2 5m 6 m 2m 3 0
m1 2, m2 3
y1 x 2 , y2 x3
m 22 0
m1 m2 2 double root
y1 x 2 , y2 x 2 ln x
y1 C1 C2 ln 1 12 C1
No. 19
m 2 m 6 m 3m 2 0
m1 3, m2 2
y1 x 3 , y2 x 2
Then the initial values y1 0.5, y' 1 1.5 are inserted
y1 C1 C2 0.5
y' 1 3C1 2C 2 1.5
And C1 0.1, C2 0.6
No. 5
No. 7
No. 9
No.11
No.13
No.15
Solution 2-7
No. 5
1 2 2 y1 e 2 x , y2 xe2 x
e x K M cos x e x K M sin x
e x K M K M cos x e x K M K M sin x
e x cos x
2M 1; M 1
2
K 0
y p 1 e x sin x
2
No. 7
D2 4D 3I y e x 92 x
The corresponding homogeneous equation y"4 y'3 y 0
y1 e x , y2 e3x
y h C1 y1 C2 y2 C1e x C2e3 x
y ' p C e x xe x K 1
y" p C e x e x xe x C 2e x xe x
D2 4D 3I y e x 92 x
C 2e x xe x 4C e x xe x 4K 13Cxe x 3K 1x 3K o e x 9 x
2
2Ce x 3K 1x 4K13K o e x 9 x
2
2C 1; C 1
2
3K1 9 : K1 3
2 2
4K1 3Ko 0; Ko 2
y p 1 xe x 3 x 2
2 2
No. 11
y h Ay A By B A cos 2x B sin 2x
Set y p K 2 x 2 K1x K o
y ' p 2 K 2 x K1 y" p 2 K 2
y"4 y 8 x 2
2 K 2 4 K 2 x 2 4 K1x 4 K o 8 x 2
4 K 2 x 2 4 K1x 2 K 2 4 K o 8 x 2
4 K 2 8; K2 2
4 K1 0; K1 0
2K2 4Ko 0; Ko 1
y p 2x2 1
No. 14
y h C1 y1 C2 y2 e 3 x C1 C2 x
e x K 2M c o 2
s x 2K M s i n2 x
e x K 2M 4K 2M c o 2
s x 2K M 2K 4M s i n2 x
8M 1; M 1
8
K 0
y p 1 e x sin 2 x
8
4
e3x 3C1 C2 3C2 x e x 1 cos 2 x 1 sin 2 x
8
Substitute the initial values, y 0 1, y ' 0 1 into the above equations of
general solution and its derivative.
4 8
y' 0 e 0 3C1 C2 e 0 1 cos0 1 sin 0 3C1 C2 1 3C1 C2 1 1
4 4
3C1 C2 1.25
C1 1, C 2 1.75 are obtained.
No. 17
We set y p Ce 0.25 x
0.0625Ce 0.25 x 0.4 0.25Ce 0.25 x 0.4 Ce 0.25 x 2.25e0.25 x
y p 4e 0.25 x
y' x 0.2e 0.2 x A cos 0.6 x B sin 0.6 x e 0.2 x 0.6 A sin 0.6 x 0.6B cos 0.6 x e0.25 x
e 0.2 x 0.2 A 0.6B cos 0.6 x 0.6 A 0.2B sin 0.6 x e0.25 x
Substitute the initial values, y0 0.5, y' 0 0.5 into the above equations of
general solution and its derivative.
y' 0 e 0 0.2 A 0.6B cos 0 0.6 A 0.2B sin 0 e0 0.2 A 0.6B 1 0.5
A 3.5, B 11
3
Particular solution yx e 0.2 x 3.5 cos 0.6 x 11 sin 0.6 x 4e0.25 x
3
No. 18
D2 2D 10I y 17 sin x 37 sin 3x, y0 6.6, y' 0 2.2
Auxiliary equation 2 2 10 0
1 1 10 1 3i
1 1 3i, 2 1 3i
y A e x cos 3x, y B e x sin 3x
y h e x A cos 3x B sin 3x
9 K1 2M1 0
2 K1 9M1 17
K 2 6M 2 0
6 K 2 M 2 37
K1 0.4, M1 1.8, K 2 6, M 2 1
General sol.
e x A 3B cos3x 3 A B sin 3x 0.4 sin x 1.8 cos x 18sin 3x 3 cos3x
Substitute the initial values, y0 6.6, y' 0 2.2 into the above equations of
general solution and its derivative.
y' 0 e0 A 3B cos 0 3 A B sin 0 0.4 sin 0 1.8 cos 0 18 sin 0 3 cos 0
Particular solution yx e x cos 3x 0.4 cos x 1.8 sin x 6 cos 3x sin 3x
Solution 2-10
No. 5
Auxiliary equation 2 1 0; 1 i, 2 i
y A cos x, y B sin x yh Ay A By B A cos x B sin x
y yB cos x sin x
W y A , yB A cos2 x sin 2 x 1
y ' A y 'B sin x cos x
r x cos x sin x
u
y B r x
W y A, yB
dx
sin xcos x sin x
1
dx sin x cos x sin 2 x dx
2
sin 2 x 1 cos 2 x dx cos 2 x x sin 2 x
2 4 2 4
v
y Ar x
W y A , yB
dx
cos xcos x sin x
1
dx cos2 x cos x sin x dx
2
1 cos 2 x sin 2 x dx x sin 2 x cos 2 x
2 2 4 4
4 2 4
y p uy A vyB cos 2 x x sin 2 x cos x x sin 2 x cos 2 x sin x 2 4 4
cos 2 x cos x x cos x sin 2 x cos x x sin x sin 2 x sin x cos 2 x sin x
4 2 4 2 4 4
cos 2 x cos x sin 2 x sin x x cos x x sin x sin 2 x cos x cos 2 x sin x
4 2 2 4
y x may be expressed as A 1 cos x B 1 sin x x cos x x sin x
4
4
2 2
D2 2D I y 6x2ex
Find the general solution of homogeneous equation y"2 y' y 0
y y2 e x xe x
W y1, y2 1 e2 x x e2 x x e2 x e2 x
y'1 y'2 e x x
e xe x
r x 6 x 2e x
xe x 6 x 2 e x
y2 r x 3 2x 3 2x 9 2 2x 9 2x 9 2x
u W y , y dx dx 6 x e dx 3x e x e xe e
1 2 e 2 x 2 2 4
e x 6 x 2 e x
y1r x 2 2x 2 2x
v W y , y dx
dx 6 x e dx 3x e 3xe 2 x 3 e 2 x
1 2 e 2 x 2
2 2 4
y p uy1vy2 3x3e2 x 9 x 2e2 x 9 xe2 x 9 e2 x e x 3x 2e2 x 3xe2 x 3 e2 x xe x
2
2 2
3x 3 9 x 2 9 x 9 3x 3 3x 2 3 x e x
4 2
3 x 2 3x 9 e x
2 4
D2 2D I y 35x3 2e x
Find the general solution of homogeneous equation y"2 y' y 0
y1 y2 ex xe x
W y1, y2 e 2 x xe2 x xe2 x e 2 x
x x x
y'1 y'2 e e xe
xe x 35 x 3 2 e x
y2 r x 52
u W y , y dx dx 35x dx
1 2 e 2 x
10x 7 2
e x 35 x 3 2 e x
y1r x 32
v W y , y dx dx 35x dx 14 x 5 2
1 2 e 2 x
4 x 7 2e x
No. 10
D2 2D 2I y 4ex sec3 x
Find the general solution of homogeneous equation y"2 y'2 y 0
Auxiliary equation 2 2 2 0 1 12 2 1 i
1 1 i, 2 1 i
y A e x cos x, y B e x sin x yh Ay A By B e x A cos x B sin x
y y B e x cosx e xsinx
W y A , yB A
y' A y' B e x cosx e xsinx e xsinx e x cosx
2
2 sec xe x 4 tan xe x sin x e x 2 sec x 4 sin x tan x e x 2 4 sin x
cos x cos x
cos x
2
2e x 1 2 sin x 2e x cos 2 x
cos x
General sol. yx yh y p e x A cos x B sin x 2e x tan x sin x
(Euler-Cauchy equation)
m 2m 3 0 m1 2, m2 3
y1 x 2 , y2 x3 yh c1 y1 c2 y2 c1x 2 c2 x 3
4
In the nonhomogeneous equation, r x 21x 21x 6
x2
2 3
y1 y2
W y1, y2
x x
3x 4 2 x 4 x 4
y '1 y '2 2
2x 3x
y2 r x 3 6
u dx x 21x dx 21 x 7 dx 21 x 6 7 x 6
W y1, y2 x4 6 2
y1r x 2 6
v dx x 21x dx 21 x 8dx 3x 7
W y1, y2 x4
y p uy1vy2 7 x 6 x 2 3x 7 x3 7 x 4 3x 4 1 x 4
2 2 2
No. 12
D2 I y 1 sinh x
Find the general solution of homogeneous equation y" y 0
y1 e x , y2 e x yh c1 y1 c2 y2 c1e x c2e x
x
y1 y2 e ex
W y1, y2 11 2
y '1 y'2 x x
e e
y2 r x x ex 2x
u dx e 2 dx dx e dx
W y1 , y 2
2 e x e x e x e x e 2 x 1
2 2x x
Set u e x u e
x
du e dx dx e du du
u
e2 x u2
2 x dx 2 du u 1u 1du 2 u 1 u 1 du
u 1 1 1
e 1 u 1u
1 ln u 1 1 ln u 1 1 ln e x 1 1 ln e x 1
2 2 2 2
u e 2 x dx 1 ln e x
e 2 x 1 2 2
1 1 ln e x 1
y r x x x
v 1 dx e 2 dx
x x dx 2 x dx
e 1
W y1, y2 2 e x e x e e e 1
2 2x x
Set u e x u e
x
du e dx dx e du du
u
2 x dx 2 du u 1u u 1du 2 u 1 u u 1 du
1
e 1
1 1 1 1 2 1
u 1u
2 2 2
2
1 ln u 1 ln u 1 ln u 1 1 ln e x 1 ln e x 1 ln e x 1 1 1 ln e x 1 1 ln e x 1 2 2
v 1 1 ln e x 1 1 ln e x 1
2 2
2
2
y p uy1vy2 1 ln e x 1 1 ln e x 1 e x 1 1 ln e x 1 1 ln e x 1 e x
2 2
General sol.
yx yh y p c1e
x
2 2
2
2
c2e x 1 ln e x 1 1 ln e x 1 e x 1 1 ln e x 1 1 ln e x 1 e x