Experiment No. : 3 Determination of free chlorine in a given water sample Apparatus required: (1) Pipette, (2) Buvette, (3) Stopper conical flask, (iv) Beaker, (5) Funnel, (6) Filler paper, (7) Stand. Chemicals required: I. Standard N/2O K 2 Cr2 O7 solution 2. Potassium iodide solution (10%) 3. Conc. HC] 4. NallCO, 5. N/2O hypo solution 6. Starch solution Theory: Various kinds of undesirable microorganism like algae, bacteria and fungi may present in surface wiiler. ‘The presence of these microorganism in water may lead to serious health hazards. Thus drinking water should sterilized and disinfected belore domestic use Since, chlorine is powerful oxidizing agent and is cheaply available. ILis widely used for disinfection of potable and municipal water supplies Chlorination is done with the help of bleaching powder or chlorine gas or chlorine dissolved in water in the form of concentrated solution or with chloramines. The sterilizing action of chtorine is supposed to be duc 10 its reaction with water producing hypochlorous acid and nascent oxygen, both of which have powerful germicidal propertics. CaOCl +H,O —3 Ca(OH), +Ch Ch +H,0 —> HOC] +4HCl noci — > Hcl +(O) (Hypochlorous acid) (nascent oxygen) Chemistry Lab Manual... 15However, excess of free chlorine in drinking water is undesirable as it is not only unpleasant for drinking but is also injurious for human inctabolism. Hence, the amount of free chtorine in municipal water is estimated prior to the domestic supply so as Wo make necessary adjustincats in dose, The principle involved in the estimation of free chlorine in water is pss of that when a measured quantity of water is treated willh exe polissium iodide, the free chlorine present in the walter oxidizes the corresponding nnount of potassium iodide to iodine. The berated lodine is eslimated by ialing against standard hypo solution using statch as indicator Cho 4 KE > 2KC]} + ob I. + 2NwSo0, y NiesyO, + 2Nal iSudiun ihiosulbte) (Sodium: tetrathtorate) Procedure: (a) Standardization of hypo solution: Fransfer 100 ml of distilled water into 250 nil flask, and add about 2 g of KEianel 2 p of NallCO, and shake until the salts are dissolved Add 6 of cone. ICT slowly while gently rotating the Flask. Add 25 oF N2O KoCr.O) solution and mix the selution well, Wash the mner sides of the Hask wilh a little distilled water and stopper of the Hask. Allow ito standby for S minutes in dark for the completion of the reaction Cr07 + OF + TAIT 9 2CE" 4 ts + THO Rinse the stopper with distilled water and Grate the liberated iodine with the hypo solution from the burette. When most of the iodine has reacted, the solution acquires a greenish-yellow colour. At this stage, add | ml of slareh solution when the solution turns violet due to the forniition of starch iodine complex. Continue the titration until the violct color changes to light green hy the addition of a single drop of hypo at the enel-point. 16... Chemistry Lab Manual(b) Determination of free chlorine in the water sample: Transfer 10% of 10 ml K1 solution into a 250 ml conical flask (or sloppered conical flask) and add 100 ml of water inte it. Replace the stopper to the flask and shake is vigorously. Remove the stopper, wash the solution adhering in the flask with 5-40 ml of distilled water. ‘Filrate the solution with N/2O hypo solution taken in the buretic until the solution is pale yellow. Then add | ml of starch and continue the titration until the solution becomes just colorless, Note the titre values. Observation: A) ndardization of hype solution SN. Vol. of N/20 Volume of hyposolution KaCry03(V) ran down (V2) (ml), (ml) ! as 2 6 3. 25 B) Determination of free chlorine in the water sample = SUN. Volume of water | Volume of hyposolution sample (m1 run down (ml Calculation ; A) Standardization of hype solution Vol. of KeCrnQ; (V)) = 25 ml 1:07 (Ny) = N20 Norinality of Chemistry Lab Manualee 17