APRIL 25, 2016

You owe

42,998.12
$
That’s what every American man,
woman and child would need to pay
to erase the $13.9 trillion U.S. debt
Make America Solvent Again
By James Grant

time.com
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 VOL. 187, NO. 15 | 2016

4 | From the Editor

6 | For the Record
The View
Ideas, opinion,
innovations
Cover Story The Brief 19 | Is Obamacare
News from the U.S. and
In Debt We Stand around the world contributing to opioid
abuse?
1RWPXFKXQLWHV$PHULFDQVWKHVHGD\V‹H[FHSW 7 | Are GOP insiders
giving up on winning
RXUWULOOLRQQDWLRQDO GHEW,VWKDWDSUREOHP" the White House?
20 | The roots of the
U.S.’s love of guns
$Q HFRQRPLVW RçHUV KLV YLHZ
By James Grant 28 8 | A bridge that would 21 | Betting on a water
have saved Moses a bottle that ills itself
lot of trouble
21 | A Rust Belt
Wait—No Woman on the $10 Bill? 9 | Dificult days for
David Cameron
success story
,Q  7UHDVXU\ FKLHI -DFN /HZ DQQRXQFHG WKHUH
G VRRQ
22 | Next-generation
EH D ZRPDQ RQ WKH  ELOO ǎHQ KH ZHQW WR VHH +DPLOWRQ 10 | Ian Bremmer on carpooling
By Maya Rhodan and David Von Drehle 34 our automated future
24 | Volunteering
12 | The link between made easy
money and life span
The Billionaire and the Bigots 13 | Baltimore, a year
26 | Rana Foroohar:
:KLWH QDWLRQDOLVWV KDYH ODWFKHG RQ WR 'RQDOG 7UXPS
V Janet Yellen is putting
after Freddie Gray’s Main Street first
FDQGLGDF\DVDUHFUXLWLQJWRRO death
By Alex Altman 38 14 | The world’s coral
27 | Joe Klein on what
Bill Clinton’s crime bill
reefs are in crisis got right
16 | The heat is on
Brazil’s Dilma Rousseff

Time Of 52 | Children’s book It

What to watch, read, Ain’t So Awful, Falafel
see and do
54 | TV: The Night
49 | The death of the Manager
pop album?
55 | Quick Talk with
51 | What’s new on actor Hugh Laurie
Broadway
55 | Dice comes up
51 | Memoirs of an Iraq snake eyes
War interrogator
56 | Movies: The Jungle
Book, Sing Street
N E PA L : J A M E S N A C H T W E Y F O R T I M E ; M C B R I D E : J AV I E R S I R V E N T F O R T I M E

58 | Kristin van Ogtrop

on being the boss at
Villagers in badly damaged Barpak, Nepal, aren’t getting much help work—and at home

Unnatural Disaster 60 | 10 Questions with

writer James McBride
$ \HDU DnjHU D SDLU RI GHYDVWDWLQJ HDUWKTXDNHV 1HSDO
UHPDLQVLQUXLQV
By Nikhil Kumar / Photographs by James Nachtwey 42 National Book
Award winner
McBride, page 60

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3
From the Editor

A debt we all
must pay
IT IS ALWAYS TEMPTING TO COVER PRESIDEN-
tial campaigns as theater or sport, especially in a
year when the performances have been so lam-
boyant. But elections have consequences, and
even though candidates’ positions have a way of
evolving once they are in oice, a campaign is a
chance to assign weight to the challenges America
faces. In recent issues we’ve done that by explor-
ing the value of free trade and the shifting tension
between privacy and security.
For this issue we invited Jim Grant, editor of
Grant’s Interest Rate Observer and a wise economic
analyst, to explain one of the most seemingly in-
comprehensible numbers around: the $13.9 trillion
in debt the U.S. government is carrying on the na- NOW PLAYING
tional credit card. To help put that amount in per- New series
spective, we took the unusual step of customizing TIME Digital is now using video animation to answer some
our cover for each of our subscribers. (As a result, of today’s most complicated questions. Among them: Should
we’ve printed 2,949,767 diferent covers—which Americans fear North Korea’s nuclear capabilities? (above)
means that if you are a subscriber, you are hold- and How does a contested political convention really work?
ing something of a collector’s item.) As we mark Watch the irst installment at time.com/Nuclear-NK
tax day, which this year falls on April 18, it’s ap-
propriate to remember, as Jim points out, that the
$42,998.12 share of federal debt for each and every
American ultimately represents a form of deferred
BONUS
tax that must one day be paid. TIME
How far of is the reckoning? There was some POLITICS
progress last year when the deicit clocked in at
$405 billion, the lowest since 2008. But eight years
on from the inancial meltdown, the cycle that once Subscribe
provided reassurance—in which the U.S. ran up to TIME’s

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free politics
its debt for wars or crises and then pared it back newsletter and
during boom times—now seems to be broken. get exclusive
With refreshing candor and clarity, Jim lays out the news and
political and policy decisions that brought insights from the NOW ON LIFE.COM In September 1947,
us to this point and what it would take 2016 campaign a Life feature on the Grand Canyon cited its
sent straight 500,000 annual visitors. Today that number
to chart a path to solvency. “The debt’s to your inbox. has grown to 5 million. Check out the stunning
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“It’s like bad news from your mutual time.com/email several that never appeared in print, at
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4 TIME April 25, 2016

For the Record

‘NOBODY IS ABOVE ‘I don’t know

why that word
THE LAW. HOW is so scary to
people.’
MANY JENNIFER LAWRENCE, actor, saying the word feminism shouldn’t
be controversial “because it just means equality”

TIMES DO I
HAVE TO C620(
Monogamy
A new study 7+,1*6
SAY IT?’ found married
people are more
likely to survive
cancer
$5(025(
,03257$17
PRESIDENT OBAMA, vowing that political
considerations will not affect the federal
investigation into Hillary Clinton’s use of a 7+$1$
private email server while she was Secretary
of State 52&.
6+2:

‘Aspiration GOOD WEEK

BAD WEEK
BRUCE SPRINGSTEEN,
musician, canceling a
concert in North Carolina to
 and wealth protest a state law requiring
transgender people to
Price paid at auction for use the bathrooms that
the chair J.K. Rowling
sat in while writing
creation are correspond with their sex
at birth
Harry Potter
not dirty Polygamy
words.’

O B A M A , L A W R E N C E , C A M E R O N , S P R I N G S T E E N , R I N G S : G E T T Y I M A G E S; I L L U S T R AT I O N S B Y B R O W N B I R D D E S I G N F O R T I M E
A federal
court reversed
DAVID CAMERON, British Prime Minister,
a ruling that
releasing his tax returns under pressure decriminalized
following revelations in the so-called Panama the practice in
Papers that he once held interests in his late Utah
father’s offshore fund

Number of people who

1,200 attached themselves

to a line of mattresses
before all falling down in
Maryland, breaking the
Guinness World Record

1.06 for the longest human

mattress domino chain

million
Distance in miles
traveled by John Kerry
during his tenure as
‘It is my lack of virtue and I am
U.S. Secretary of
State, surpassing
unbearably ashamed.’
predecessor Hillary TOSHIFUMI SUZUKI, chairman and CEO of the parent company of convenience-store giant 7-Eleven,
Clinton’s mark blaming his own shortcomings as he resigned after losing a boardroom battle

S O U R C E : L A W R E N C E : H A R P E R ’S B A Z A A R
 ‘WHY DO I WANT TO PAY SOMEBODY IN MICHIGAN A LIVING WAGE WHEN I CAN PAY SLAVE WAGES IN MEXICO OR CHINA?’ —PAGE 10
“Count me out,” said House Speaker Paul Ryan, discussing the ongoing race for the GOP nomination
CAMPAIGN 2016 ASK REPUBLICANS IN CONGRESS
these days whether they prefer Donald
The GOP’s Trump or Ted Cruz and there is a good
plan to look chance they will answer with a third
name: Haley Barbour.
past the What does the former Republican
National Committee chairman and
presidency— power lobbyist who took a turn as Mis-
sissippi governor have to do with the
and keep 2016 presidential election? Embattled
Congress Senators and Congressmen are hold-
ing him up as Example A of how they’d
By Philip Elliott and like to see the 2016 election go, though
Jay Newton-Small that doesn’t mean they want him on
the ticket. As RNC chief in 1996, Bar-
bour bucked Bob Dole—ostensibly the
head of the party as its White House
nominee—and pulled funding from
the presidential contest to funnel it
to down-ballot races. Dole lost to Bill
Clinton, but Republicans ended up
REUTERS
PHOTOGR APH BY YURI GRIPAS
gaining two seats in the Senate and
maintaining a majority in the House.
More than a few senior Republi-
cans who see both Trump and Cruz
as kryptonite in purple states with
tough elections this year would be de-
lighted to settle for such an outcome
again. “It’s more than O.K.,” said Tony
Fratto, a top Treasury oicial and
White House aide to President George
W. Bush. “No one is happy that Hillary
Clinton is going to be President, but
there are worse things.”
The current Republican Party chair,
Reince Priebus, has told both Trump
and Cruz that he will maintain per-
sonal control of the $126 million that
donors have given him to spend as he
sees it. Conservative patrons and the
outside groups they fund, meanwhile,
are signaling that they have thrown in
7
TheBrief

the towel on the presidential race and are looking INFRASTRUCTURE

at other races.
The network of groups backed by billionaires
Bridging borders
Charles and David Koch, for example, plans to TRENDING King Salman of Saudi Arabia and Egypt’s
President Abdul Fattah al-Sisi agreed April 8
spend about $889 million before Election Day, to build a long-planned bridge across the
roughly two-thirds of it on trying to drive how vot- Red Sea to connect the two countries. The
ers cast their ballots. But neither Trump nor Cruz $1.7 billion project joins a list of ambitious
will see much of that cash. “We will not get involved attempts to build cross-border bridges.
in a presidential election that descends into mud-
slinging and personal attacks while ignoring the
critical issues facing our nation,” says James Davis, a HEALTH
The Zika threat to
spokesman for the Kochs’ umbrella group. Instead, the U.S. is “scarier
that cash is going to help Republicans like Sena- than we initially
tor Rob Portman of Ohio; Freedom Partners Action thought,” Dr. Anne
Fund recently spent $2 million on a TV ad for him. Schuchat, principal
Portman is following national Republicans’ ad- deputy director of the
CDC, said April 11.
vice carefully, running a hyperlocal campaign with- Oficials said two days
out betting on the nominee’s coattails. “We’re run- later there was “no
ning our race,” campaign manager Corry Bliss said. longer any doubt” the
“Hoping to be dragged across the inish line is not mosquito-borne virus
a strategy.” Similarly, New Hampshire Republican causes the birth defect CHINA AND RUSSIA AND
microcephaly. RUSSIA THE U.S.
Senator Kelly Ayotte has been relentless in defend- The two countries A Russian oligarch
ing her state’s military bases and contractors; she plan to build a proposed a plan in
says she won’t endorse in this GOP primary cycle bridge by starting 2015 for a highway
and is likely to skip the convention in Cleveland from either side linking Siberia and
of the Amur River, Alaska via a 55-mile
altogether. Wisconsin Senator Ron Johnson would aiming to meet in the crossing over the
not even tell voters whom he supported before his middle and complete Bering Strait. The
state’s primary. Some members of Congress have construction within cost was projected to

H E A LT H , PA N D A , R H I N O : A P ; D I P L O M A C Y, T E R R O R I S M , C A M E R O N , T I G E R , C O N D O R , W H A L E : G E T T Y I M A G E S; I L L U S T R AT I O N B Y M A R T I N G E E F O R T I M E
even been scrambling to avoid getting named as DIPLOMACY three years. be in the trillions.
convention delegates, while North Carolina Sena- Germany may
tor Richard Burr plans to join Ayotte in skipping prosecute a comedian INDIA AND BAHRAIN AND
Cleveland to tend to his race back home. who read a satirical SRI LANKA QATAR
poem about Turkey’s In December, India’s Construction on
Even Republican House Speaker Paul Ryan, President Recep Transport Minister the Qatar-Bahrain
who some hoped would emerge as a white knight Tayyip Erdogan on announced a 14-mile Friendship Bridge
from a contested convention, has decided to focus live television. Ankara sea bridge and was irst proposed in
on keeping his own House in order. “Let me be requested criminal tunnel had received 1999 but, ironically
clear: I do not want, nor will I accept, the nomina- proceedings against funding, though Sri enough, has been
Jan Böhmermann Lanka’s government long delayed by
tion for our party,” Ryan told reporters on April 12, (above) under a German said it wasn’t aware squabbles between
ahead of a trip to New York City to meet with some law that forbids insults of the plans. the neighbors.
of the party’s most generous donors. to foreign leaders.
That leaves the GOP down on its luck. Polls
show that Trump remains underwater with key
constituencies in the general election, with 73% of DIGITS
female voters telling pollsters for CNN that they
have a negative view of him. The same goes for La-
tinos (85%), African Americans (80%) and young
voters (80%). These groups view Cruz as slightly
better, although he still loses to Hillary Clinton in
TERRORISM
One in five suicide
attacks launched by
$250
million
most head-to-head surveys.
Islamist extremist
Democrats are looking down ballot as well, with group Boko Haram
seven Senate Republican seats rated as either toss- in West Africa was
ups or leaning Democratic, and at least 14 House carried out by children
GOP seats—about half the number Democrats in 2015, according
The value of a grant by Silicon Valley
would need to take the majority—are up for grabs. to a new report by
entrepreneur Sean Parker to fund research
UNICEF. About 75% of
“If the wave is huge and brings in all of the surf- the children used as
into immunotherapy for cancer; TIME explored
boards, we have the margins,” says a House Demo- the treatments—and the growing interest in
bombers were female,
cratic strategist. “But it’s hard to predict the size of them—in an April 4 cover story
some as young as 8.
the November wave when we’re in April.” □
8 TIME April 25, 2016
 DATA

NATURE’S
COMEBACKS
The global wild
tiger population
has increased to
3,890, according
to the latest
census by WWF
and the Global
Tiger Forum. Here
are other animals
making returns
from endangered
conditions:

California
condor
From 22 in 1982
to hundreds today

MAIDEN OVER Kate Middleton takes part in a charity cricket match with former Indian cricketer Dilip Vengsarkar in
Mumbai on April 10. Prince William and the Duchess of Cambridge toured India and Bhutan in their irst-ever oficial visit
to the region. Photograph by Kunal Patil—Hindustan Times/Sipa USA

Humpback
whale
BRITAIN TAX TROUBLES Cameron unveiled new rules to Numbers are
Hard times for tackle tax evasion after the Panama Papers, but rising in Australia

David Cameron the revelation that his family beneited from an

ofshore fund is embarrassing, as he has long
BRITISH PRIME MINISTER DAVID CAMERON MADE been a critic of similar tax dodges. The afair has
his tax returns public on April 11, under pressure drawn comparisons to scandals that helped bring
from revelations in the Panama Papers about his fa- down John Major’s Conservative government in
ther’s ofshore investment vehicle. Although he has the 1990s.
not been accused of any wrongdoing, the feud over Indian rhino
his inances adds to the controversies the embattled EUROPEAN DISUNION The sterling took a hit Conservation has
lifted population
PM is facing: April 12 after a national poll found that more Brits to 3,000
wanted to leave the E.U. than remain. While
FRACTURED PARTY The referendum on the Brussels attacks have stoked nativist sen-
Britain’s membership in the E.U. planned timent, Cameron’s tax issues have also hurt
for June 23 has exposed a deep rift in Cam- his credibility as the nation’s cheerleader for
eron’s ruling Conservative Party, with six the “remain” camp. If Britain does vote to
members of his Cabinet breaking leave the E.U. in June, Cameron’s time
with the Prime Minister to lobby for in oice is almost certainly up.
a “Brexit.” Former party leader Iain —DAN STEWART
Duncan Smith resigned from the Panda
front bench in March in a move ◁ Cameron became the irst Wild panda totals
widely seen as a challenge to British Prime Minister to rose 17% in China
over 12 years
Cameron’s leadership. publish his tax records
9
TheBrief

THE RISK REPORT presented by

Trump and Sanders have

tapped into a dangerous—and
wrong—anti-trade sentiment
By Ian Bremmer

DONALD TRUMP AND BERNIE SANDERS HAVE BUILT

their campaigns on opposition to trade. Trump says the
U.S. has lost manufacturing jobs because American trade
negotiators aren’t smart or tough enough to cut shrewd
deals with China, Mexico and Japan. President Trump, he
promises, will bring those jobs “home.” Sanders has been skeptical about the beneits of free trade
Sanders, on the contrary, says that business elites, their
lobbyists and their willing accomplices within the politi-
cal establishment know exactly what they’re doing. They ing jobs over the past six can restore lost jobs and
are the “one percent,” crafting trade terms to enrich them- years. “Reshoring” has those who cheer reshor-
selves at the expense of working people. “Why do I want increased the number of ing are missing this, and
to pay somebody in Michigan a living wage when I can pay U.S. manufacturing jobs they will ignore the ur-
slave wages in Mexico or China?” reasons Corporate Amer- from about 11.5 million in gent need to retrain work-
ica, according to Sanders. 2010 to about 12.5 million ers for the (very diferent)
Both candidates caricature reality. Globalization—the today. Trump and Sanders jobs of the 21st century.
processes by which ideas, people, money, goods and ser- haven’t noted that. Future factory jobs will go
vices cross borders at unprecedented speed—has created to those who can program,
two sets of winners. First, Sanders is right that the world’s BUT THAT’S NOT the end run and maintain fast-
richest have increased their share of global wealth. Today, of the story. The U.S. re- evolving high-tech equip-
the world’s 85 richest people own the same amount of mains far below the peak ment in the age of robot-
wealth as the bottom 50% of the global population. There of 19.5 million manufac- ics, and those lexible and
has been major progress—hundreds of millions of people turing jobs in 1979, and resourceful enough to
in developing countries have been lifted out of poverty the longer-term trend succeed in many difer-
into the global middle class as emerging markets ramp up is toward technological ent roles. And there will
their industrial production. But between 2001 and 2013, change that increases ei- always be fewer of these
America’s trade deicit with China cost the U.S. 3.2 mil- ciency by eliminating jobs jobs than there were U.S.
lion jobs, three-quarters of which were in manufacturing. for good. Here’s where assembly-line workers in
Trump is right about that. the Trump and Sanders 1977 or Chinese factory
messages are especially workers in 2007.
THE EARLY LOSERS are those in wealthier countries, like dangerous. The broader result will
the U.S., who have fallen from the middle class as factory Most of these jobs are be a middle-class back-
jobs have vanished. These are the men and women nod- never coming back. Just lash against trade in both
ding along with Trump or Sanders. Their living standards as the automobile killed the developed and devel-
are much higher than those of workers in China or Mexico, the horse and buggy, so oping worlds, and greater
but their prospects aren’t as bright as they were taught to the automation of manu- pressure on governments
expect. They have reason to be angry. The globalized mar- facturing will sideline the to restore barriers. This
ketplace has beneited workers in China, Brazil, Mexico, factory worker in com- trend will be much harder
South Korea, Turkey, Malaysia and Nigeria because they ing years—in the U.S., in on developing countries
will work for much more modest wages, and because mul- China and everywhere. and their more brittle
tinational companies have found ways to lower labor costs The winner from global- political systems, but it
by outsourcing their operations. ization’s next wave will will fragment the entire
You might be surprised to learn, however, that manu- not be the Chinese or global marketplace, ig-
E R I C T H AY E R — G E T T Y I M A G E S

facturing jobs have been returning to the U.S. for the bet- American factory worker nite nationalist passions
ter part of a decade. The demand for higher wages in but those who proit from and provide a platform for
China and other emerging markets, the easy availability the fast-increasing ei- the next wave of Trump/
of low-cost energy for U.S. businesses and the advantages ciency of the developed Sanders-style populism—
of bringing production closer to wealthier consumers world’s machines. in rich and poor countries
have together created nearly a million new manufactur- Those who claim they alike. □
10 TIME April 25, 2016
TheBrief

HEALTH
How income afects U.S. life spans
TRENDING MONEY MAY NOT BUY HAPPI-
ness (or love), but it might just
buy more time to ind it. In the
most comprehensive look so
far at longevity and income,
researchers report in JAMA that
people with higher incomes tend
EXECUTIONS
The number of people
to live longer—though there
put to death worldwide were some interesting nuances
rose by 54% in 2015, that the researchers teased out.
according to Amnesty Contrary to what some experts
International. The predicted, there was no leveling-
total of at least 1,634
executions, the highest
of point where making more
since 1989, was didn’t provide any added years.
driven by Iran, Pakistan Overall, people with the top 1% in
and Saudi Arabia. In income lived 10 to 15 years longer
the U.S., however, than those at the bottom 1%.
executions were at a
24-year low.
At the same time, having a
lower income didn’t necessarily
lead to the shortest lives—that
varied greatly based on where
SALT LAKE CITY
Highest-income
people live 88
years, on average
SOCIETY lowest-income group
A remote aboriginal
Canadian community
declared a state of
emergency after 11
members attempted
suicide on a single day,
on April 11. Mental-
Milestones
WON
The Masters
people lived. People making the tournament, by Danny
Willett, who beat
least but residing in cities like defending champion
New York and San Francisco, for Jordan Spieth in one
instance, lived longer than people of the biggest upsets
in cities like Detroit and Tulsa, in the history of golf.
Okla. Experts suspect that’s be- It was Willett’s irst
major title and the
cause of public-health eforts, irst Masters win for
such as smoking bans and the re- an Englishman in 20
moval of unhealthy ingredients years.
like trans fats. Research shows
DIED
that people with lower incomes Howard Marks, 70,
in cities with such policies tend
legendary Oxford-
to be less obese, smoke less and educated drug smug-
have better health behaviors than gler jailed for running
people in cities that didn’t ad- an international hash-
ish and marijuana
vocate such health-promoting ring in the 1970s
behaviors. The researchers say
and ’80s. After his
this data supports the idea that release he wrote the
public-health policies can partly best-selling autobiog-
ofset the efects of inequality. raphy Mr Nice.
▷ Will Smith, 34,
—ALICE PARK former star defensive
end for the New
Orleans Saints.
NEW YORK CITY
OKLAHOMA CITY The lowest-income Police say Smith was
Life expectancy for fatally shot in New
group lives to an
average age of 82 Orleans by a man
is 78 years who rear-ended his
car in an apparent
case of road rage.
▷ Ed Snider, 83,
founder of the
Philadelphia Flyers,
the irst expansion

E X E C U T I O N S , B U S I N E S S : G E T T Y I M A G E S; S O C I E T Y: R E U T E R S ; D E S I G N : E M A P E T E R — M I C H A E L G R E E N A R C H I T E C T U R E
health experts visited team in hockey to win
the Attawapiskat the Stanley Cup. He
First Nation tribe, which GARY, IND. also formerly owned
LAS VEGAS
saw more than 100 Here the lowest the Philadelphia
Top earners live four
suicide attempts over earners live to 77, 76ers and a stake
years less than those
the winter. on average in the Philadelphia
in Salt Lake City
Eagles.

DESIGN

Rise of the ‘plyscrapers’

Wood is making a comeback as a building material with the development of engineered timber,
an eco-friendly alternative used in “plyscrapers” around the world. —Tara John
BUSINESS
Five major U.S. banks,
including Wells Fargo, CANADA AUSTRALIA BRITAIN
Bank of America and The 96-ft.-high Forte in Melbourne The “Toothpick” is
JPMorgan Chase, are Wood Innovation is a 105-ft. timber what Londoners
still “too big to fail,” and Design Centre apartment building are calling plans
federal regulators said in British Columbia that uses cross- for a 984-ft. tower
April 13. The banks (right), built in 2014, laminated timber unveiled on April 8.
have until Oct. 1 to has locally made (CLT), which is said The skyscraper’s
readjust their “living engineered wood, to have the same architects say using
wills” to ensure they like laminated structural strength timber will reduce
could go bankrupt veneer lumber, in its as concrete and the weight of the
without bringing down structure. steel. building.
the economy.
 TheBrief
After a most violent year, an
ailing city looks for signs of hope
By Josh Sanburn/Baltimore
AS THE PEWS FILLED AT NEW SHILOH
Baptist Church on Easter Sunday, the
theme of the Rev. Harold Carter Jr.’s
sermon—Is Jesus Here Now?—seemed
itting. Here in West Baltimore, where
abandoned homes outnumber busi-
nesses and murders are often the only
thing that makes news, the past 12
months have felt more like the devil’s
work than that of a higher power. “If He
is not here,” said Carter from the pul-
pit, “it certainly would explain a lot of
things.”
New Shiloh sits at the spir-
itual nexus of a city awaiting
resurrection. It was less than
a mile away, on April 12, 2015,
that Freddie Gray was thrown
into a police van before dying
of a spinal injury under still-
murky circumstances. It was
here, in the sanctuary, that
Gray’s death was mourned
as the latest evidence that
black lives don’t matter. And
it was four blocks away, at the
Mondawmin Mall, that a con-
frontation between teenagers
and police sparked more than
a week of peaceful protests
and sometimes violent riots.
The year since has been es-
pecially trying. Baltimore had
344 murders in 2015, the most
per capita in its history, and West Baltimore remains plagued by abandoned homes
is on pace for more than 200
this year. The criminal trials of
the six police oicers charged in Gray’s
death have stalled. The police commis-
sioner was ired and the once popular
mayor chose not to run for re-election
after the unrest, setting of a crowded
succession derby that will come to a
head in the Democratic primary on
April 26—which, in this overwhelm-
ingly Democratic city, might as well be
the general election.
THIRTEEN DEMOCRATS ARE RUNNING
to replace Mayor Stephanie Rawlings-
DEVIN ALLEN
Blake, all selling their own form of deliv-
erance for this city. Polls show state sena- Hopkins researchers who studied the
▶ For photos of West Baltimore, visit time.com/sandtown
tor Catherine Pugh, who is campaigning
on improving schools and creating
jobs, at the front of the pack with Sheila
Dixon, a popular former mayor who re-
signed in 2010 as part of a plea deal on
embezzlement charges. To Dixon’s sup-
porters, however, that taint counts for
less than the relatively low crime rate
during her tenure.
Nationally, the most prominent
name in the race is Black Lives Mat-
ter activist and social-media star
DeRay Mckesson, 30. In the city, how-
ever, he’s polling under 1%. “Baltimore
is extremely parochial,” says Matthew
Crenson, a Johns Hopkins University
political science professor.
Which means the election will turn
on local concerns, not national de-
bates. And few things here matter more
than jobs and crime. Responsibility
for the latter falls to Kevin Davis, who
was named police commissioner in
July. He took over at a time when vio-
lent crime was soaring and arrests had
plummeted—a combination that Johns
relationship dubbed the “Gray efect.”
In his oice with views of the east
and west sides, Davis says the depart-
ment has PTSD from the unrest and
subsequent indictments of cops, some-
thing he believes led to the arrest slow-
down. “The city was traumatized by
what happened,” he says.
After Davis took command, arrests
increased by 20%. He’s emphasized a
targeted approach to crime, including
an efort with ive federal agencies to
focus on 600 of the city’s most danger-
ous criminals. And Davis says he’s tried
to improve the department’s ties with
the communities it serves. “I think that
our relationships, particularly in West
Baltimore, are stronger than they were
last year,” he says. “But it’s not
what it needs to be.” A change,
however, isn’t apparent to
everyone. “The people who
didn’t trust the police before
feel the same way now,” says
Bamba Kane, 43, a West Balti-
more resident.
BEFORE THE CITY ERUPTED,
Baltimore seemed poised for a
comeback. The city had halted
a decades-long population de-
cline. Murders were creeping
downward. And downtown’s
Inner Harbor was starting to
evolve from a tourist show-
piece into a real neighborhood.
New projects like Port Coving-
ton, a multibillion dollar ef-
fort led by Under Armour CEO
Kevin Plank that would serve
as the company’s headquar-
ters while housing a distillery,
manufacturing space and a
publicly accessible waterfront area, aim
to revive that faded momentum.
The question is whether any of the
beneits will reach neighborhoods like
those near New Shiloh, which few paid
any attention to until the city started
burning. Toward the end of the Easter
service, Carter ofered an answer to his
opening remark: “You don’t always have
to see Jesus to know He’s here.” The same
could be said of any of the tensions hang-
ing over Baltimore these days, from the
pending trials in Gray’s death to the frag-
ile peace. They’re all here, even if you
don’t always see them. □
13
The Brief Earth
Warm water temperatures have bleached coral of the Australian coast
The Great Barrier Reef is under attack
from El Niño and climate change
By Justin Worland
THE GREAT BARRIER REEF IS MORE
than worthy of its name. Coral of all
shapes, sizes and colors cover more than
130,000 sq. mi. of the coast of Austra-
lia, making it the world’s largest reef
system and supporting an astounding
variety of marine life.
But today the Great Barrier Reef is
dying. The temporary warming efect of
a major El Niño event—combined with
ongoing climate change—has heated
the waters around the reef to nearly un-
precedented levels. That warming has
in turn driven a mass bleaching that has
sucked the color—and the life—out of
the coral. And the Great Barrier Reef
isn’t alone. “This is the longest bleach-
ing event ever recorded,” says David
Kline, a Scripps Institution of Oceanog-
raphy scientist. “It’s truly global, and it’s
looking very severe.”
Bleaching occurs when ocean
disruptions—warm water, pollution,
algae overgrowth—drive away the sym-
biotic organisms that live on the coral
and give it color. Within weeks, the reef
could die, leaving behind a forest of life-
less, bone white coral. Scientists believe
the bleaching now under way may kill
14 TIME April 25, 2016
more than 15% of the world’s coral.
It’s not just a matter of aquatic aes-
thetics. Reefs act as natural barriers
that protect coastal communities from
storms and looding. Marine life depends
on coral reefs as habitats, while coastal
towns depend on them as tourist draws.
But a bigger worry may be what the
bleaching suggests about future cli-
mate change. The rapid death of coral
reefs demonstrates that climate change
is irreversibly afecting the world right
now, even as policymakers treat warm-
ing as something to be dealt with in the
future. “Climate change may be slow-
creeping sometimes, but other times it
takes great leaps forward,” says Steve
Palumbi, an ocean scientist at Stanford
University. “This is one of those leaps.”
Local solutions—like reducing ish-
ing and cleaning up pollution—can help
slow reef loss, but scientists say a global
problem requires a global solution.
Nearly 200 countries agreed last year to
work to keep global temperatures from
rising more than 3.6°F by 2100, but that
goal will be tough to reach. And if gov-
ernments fail, coral reefs will be only
the irst victims.
TEMPERATURES
How El Niño
heats the globe
2015 WAS ON AVERAGE THE
warmest year globally since rec-
ord keeping began nearly 150
years ago—and the 2016 average
is shaping up to be even hotter. A
strong El Niño deserves the brunt
of the blame. The unusually warm
Paciic Ocean surface waters that
mark an El Niño event amplify
heat over land. Temperatures
spiked around the globe as El Niño
began last fall, leading to month
after month of record-breaking
heat. Global temperatures this
past February were 2.2°F above
the 20th century average, mak-
ing it the most anomalously hot
month on record. But man-made
global warming is still playing
a lasting role in the record heat.
“That’s how we will see the efects
of climate change: the HED_SM
extremes
will become more TYhis is text_sans
extreme,” for
says
position only
Michael Mann, a climate scientist
at Penn State University.
Difference from El Niño
1.0 average, in exacerbated
degrees Celsius global
0.8 warming last
0.6 year
0.4
0.2
0
–0.2
–0.4
1880 1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000 2015
DROUGHT
1 million
That’s the number of children in Africa—
including in hard-hit Ethiopia—without
steady access to food, largely because
C O U R T E S Y X L C AT L I N S E AV I E W S U R V E Y
of El Niño. The weather phenomenon
has helped trigger drought in many parts
of the world, leaving millions hungry.
And Africa isn’t the only place affected
by El Niño–influenced drought. In Papua
New Guinea, drought has driven bush-
ires affecting millions. In Bolivia, nearly
a million animals like sheep and llamas
□ have died as pastureland dries out.
N O A A ; U. N .
©2016 P&G
LightBox
Light the
night
Demonstrators light smoke
during a rally in support of
President Dilma Rousseff in
Rio de Janeiro on April 11,
after a congressional
panel voted to recommend
impeachment proceedings. A
vote by the full lower house to
decide whether she will face
trial is set for April 17.

Photograph by Mario Tama—

Getty Images

▶ For more of our best photography,

visit lightbox.time.com
IWitnessBullying.org
 ‘YOU HAVE TO MAKE DECISIONS WITHOUT KNOWING ALL THAT YOU WOULD LIKE TO KNOW. THAT’S PART OF THE JOB.’ —PAGE 26
Some doctors say patient surveys have led them to prescribe potentially dangerous painkillers
HEALTH NOT LONG AGO, DR. BILL SULLIVAN,
an emergency-room physician in
The rural Spring Valley, Ill., treated a type
Obamacare of patient that has become all too
familiar in hospitals across the country.
quirk that Complaining of abdominal pain, the
man asked speciically for Dilaudid, a
is fueling potentially habit-forming painkiller.
Noticing that his record showed a
the opioid long history of opioid prescriptions,
epidemic Sullivan suggested a less potent option.
CENTERS FOR MEDICARE AND MEDICAID SERVICES
The patient’s response, according to
By Sean Gregory the doctor: “Morphine is sh-t.”
Sullivan refused to prescribe the
patient’s drug of choice. By doing so, he
may have put his hospital at inancial
risk. That might seem strange, since
opioid addiction has become a national
epidemic. But the potential economic
PHOTO-ILLUSTR ATION BY TIME
hit is a direct, if unintended, result
of reforms put in place under the
Afordable Care Act.
As part of an Obamacare initiative
meant to reward quality care, the Cen-
ters for Medicare and Medicaid Ser-
vices (CMS) is allocating some $1.5 bil-
lion in Medicare payments to hospitals
on the basis of criteria that include
patient-satisfaction surveys. Among
the questions: “During this hospital
stay, how often did the hospital staf do
everything they could to help you with
your pain?” And: “How often was your
pain well controlled?”
To many physicians and lawmakers
struggling to contain the nation’s
opioid crisis, tying a patient’s feelings
about pain management to a hospital’s
19
The View

bottom line is deeply misguided––if not downright BOOK IN BRIEF

dangerous. “The government is telling us we need VERBATIM How America got
to make sure a patient’s pain is under control,” ‘I don’t hooked on guns
says Dr. Nick Sawyer, a health-policy fellow at the have any
UC Davis department of emergency medicine. IN AMERICA, GUNS ARE OFTEN
“It’s hard to make them happy without a narcotic.
regrets discussed as a storied part of a national
This policy is leading to ongoing opioid abuse.” about how identity that grew, over time, from
That abuse has led to a full-blown crisis. Since I identify. Revolutionary War militias, the Second
1999, fatal prescription-opioid overdoses in the I’m still Amendment and rough life on the
U.S. have quadrupled. According to the CDC, more me, and frontier. But in her new book, The
than 47,000 Americans died of a drug overdose in nothing Gunning of America, Pamela Haag argues
2014, a record high, and more than 60% of those about that this narrative is not as organic as
deaths involved an opioid. U.S. emergency rooms that has it appears; rather,
now treat more than 1,000 people every day for changed.’ it was crafted by
misusing prescription opioids. gun manufacturers
RACHEL DOLEZAL,
Patient-satisfaction surveys are not the cause announcing that
eager to sell more
of this crisis, of course. But there is research to she’s writing a weapons. Most
support some doctors’ contention that they’re book about racial early Americans,
identity; the ex–
making the problem worse. A 2012 study in the NAACP leader
she writes, viewed
Archives of Internal Medicine found that the most has been heavily guns as basic tools;
satisied patients are more likely to spend more on criticized for calling in the early 1800s
herself black
prescription drugs and have higher mortality rates. despite being born
they were necessities
In a 2014 survey published in Patient Preference to white parents for hunting and
and Adherence, over 48% of doctors reported farming. But as fewer
prescribing inappropriate narcotic pain medication Americans performed those tasks in the
because of patient-satisfaction questions. One early 20th century, gunmakers had to
doctor wrote that drug seekers “are well aware of up their marketing ante to make people
the patient satisfaction scores and how they can use want guns—even if they didn’t really
these threats and complaints to obtain narcotics.” need them. So began the campaign, she
CMS, which is part of the Department of Health writes, to make gun use about “honor
and Human Services (HHS), disputes any link rather than intoxication, justice rather
between its surveys, a hospital’s reimbursement than impulsivity, and homicide rather
money and opioid abuse. In March, agency doctors than suicide.” Either way, the results are
wrote in JAMA that the patient-satisfaction remarkable: today, America is home to
survey accounted for 30% of a hospital’s total an estimated 300 million irearms.
performance score in iscal year 2015, with pain —SARAH BEGLEY
management one of eight equally weighted
dimensions, along with factors like cleanliness and
quietness and nurse communication. (CMS did not
respond to interview requests.) CHARTOON
Still, lawmakers are concerned. Republican Future headlines
Senator Susan Collins, whose home state of Maine
saw a 27.3% rise in its drug-overdose death rate from
2013 to 2014, has called for HHS to investigate the
connection between the surveys and inappropriate
prescriptions. “Health providers are telling me that
these questions are written in a way that makes
them fear a lower reimbursement if patients did
not answer them in the airmative,” says Collins.
“For a small rural hospital in Maine to lose a certain
percentage of their Medicare reimbursements
is a big deal.” In April, four Senators—two from
each party—sponsored a bill that would untie
reimbursements from pain-management questions.
An earlier measure attracted bipartisan support in
the House. Says West Virginia Representative Alex
Mooney, who introduced the bill: “It’s a simple ix
that can have signiicant results.” □ J O H N AT K I N S O N , W R O N G H A N D S

20 TIME April 25, 2016

 ▶ For more on these ideas, visit time.com/ideas

BIG IDEA
1 2 3
The self-filling With the bike- The air then travels Water trickles into
water bottle mounted version,
the rider’s speed
through a cooling
chamber, and water
the bottle at a rate
of up to half a liter LOST IN
DATA

It isn’t commercially available yet, causes air to flow
but the solar-powered Fontus is through a ilter, which on a special surface
making a splash on crowdfunding pulls out dust and
site Indiegogo. Here’s how it dirt. (A stationary
works. —Julie Shapiro version relies on a
fan for airflow.)
vapor condenses per hour—though
it varies according
designed to draw to air humidity, says
out moisture. Kristof Retezár, the
project’s designer.
1 and LG.
TRANSLATION
The look of emojis
varies widely across
platforms—and leads
to miscommunication,
per a new study from
the University of
Minnesota. Here, a few
of the most divergent
emojis by (clockwise
from top left) Apple,
Google, Microsoft

◁ GRINNING FACE WITH

Fontus aims SMILING EYES
to ship its first On average, subjects
$225+ bottles interpreted Apple’s icon
to investors by as signiicantly more
April 2017 after negative than Google’s.
conducting
3 more real-world
tests

QUICK TAKE

Big Business should learn from the Rust Belt

V E R B AT I M : A N N I E K U S T E R ; B I G I D E A : F O N T U S; D ATA : A P P L E (3), G O O G L E (3), M I C R O S O F T (3), L G (3)

PERSON RAISING
By Antoine van Agtmael and Fred Bakker BOTH HANDS IN
CELEBRATION
LISTEN TO SOME PRESIDENTIAL CANDI- N.Y., whose economy has been written of as Subjects said
dates’ stump speeches and it’s easy to believe stagnant, the SUNY Poly NanoTech Megaplex Microsoft’s icon looked
the U.S. isn’t as competitive as it used to be— is leading research on semiconductors with more “exciting,” while
that onetime industrial powerhouses such top talent from Intel, IBM and Samsung. LG’s looked more like
“praise hands.”
as Akron, Ohio, and Pittsburgh are unable to These centers prove that “smart” is the
keep up with low-cost alternatives in China. new “cheap,” especially for manufacturing.
That is a myth. After years of research, we And corporate America will do well to mine
found that cities in the Rust Belt—the areas such insights and leverage the potential of
of the Northeast and Midwest purportedly in the Rust Belt, just as it’s done with Silicon
decline—are some of the smartest places on Valley. After all, this new wave of American
earth, where universities, big businesses and robots, 3-D printers and more may well make
tiny startups are collaborating closely and it cheaper—and easier—to put “made in the
sharing brainpower. While it’s true, for ex- USA” back in business. SLEEPING FACE
ample, that Akron may have lost jobs in the Descriptions for
tire business, it is now home to hundreds of Van Agtmael and Bakker are the authors Google’s version
emphasized “sleepy,”
polymer companies, part of a massive state- of The Smartest Places on Earth: Why whereas Microsoft’s
wide presence in the polymer and specialty- Rustbelts Are the Emerging Hotspots of looked “sad” or “down.”
chemical industry. And just outside Albany, Global Innovation —S.B.
The View American Genius
TRANSPORTATION
Can ride apps
really solve
America’s traic
woes?
By Katy Steinmetz/Berkeley
SUSAN SHAHEEN KNOWS CARPOOLS.
For 20 years she’s been studying what
transport gurus call shared mobility,
dissecting factors that make it success-
ful, like shorter wait times. Though
you might think choosing how to
get to work is simple, Shaheen
will tell you that especially in
Tons of emissions
urban areas, there are countless a twice-weekly
factors in play, from the time carpooler can take
out each year
of day you’re on the move to
whether you own a smartphone.
And more than any of the tech exec-
utives giving speeches lately about how
we all should rethink our relationship to
our cars, she knows just how revolution-
ary that could be.
Walking the halls of one of the na-
tion’s oldest departments dedicated to
transportation research, at the University
of California, Berkeley, the engineering
professor wonders how our lives would
have turned out if the Model T had been
marketed as something to be shared, not
owned home by home. Would our ve-
hicles still be idle an estimated 95% of
the time? Would we still waste collective
billions of dollars and hours every year
while sitting in traic, as 76% of work-
ers commute alone? Yet Shaheen’s most
tantalizing questions turn not on the past on the road as they’ve attracted drivers
but on the present. “Are we at a juncture
that’s similar to when the automobile
was being proposed?” she asks. And if
the arrival of self-driving cars ofers us a
chance to rewrite the rules, how should
we do things this time around?
Numbers will help determine the
answers, and so Shaheen and her team
have embarked on a landmark study ex-
amining the latest wave of carpooling
in the U.S., one organized not through
bulletin boards over a period of days but
through smartphone apps in real time.
Armed with the data that ride-app com-
panies Uber and Lyft have agreed to
provide, Shaheen aims to calculate the
two companies’ environmental impact,
22 TIME April 25, 2016
42
Hours per year
that rush-hour
commuters lose to
trafic jams
2
$160 SOURCES: INRIX , TE X AS A&M
BILLION T R A N S P O R TAT I O N I N S T I T U T E , U. S .
Annual cost of trafic
E N V I R O N M E N TA L P R O T E C T I O N A G E N C Y
congestion from lost
including the efects of the productivity, energy gaining? Her inal igures will
use and wear
cheaper pooling options on vehicles
back up or undercut conclu-
(Lyft Line and UberPool) sions that Uber and Lyft have
that the irms have been tout- already come to. “We can cut con-
ing as solutions to America’s traic gestion, pollution and parking by get-
and idle-asset problems. ting more people into fewer cars,” Uber
If how we commute is algebra, ig- CEO Travis Kalanick avowed in Febru-
uring that out is calculus. Shaheen will ary. “A platform like Lyft can ultimately
have to determine, for instance, how achieve signiicant impacts in conges-
many cars those companies have put tion and emissions reduction,” says
Emily Castor, Lyft’s director of trans-
to their platforms, compared with how portation policy.
many they’ve inspired riders to leave at Shaheen’s analysis remains to be
home or not buy in the irst place. She’ll seen, and the net efect could change
survey drivers and passengers in several over time. But those irms are already
U.S. cities, weighing cars’ occupancy helping to challenge America’s auto-
levels and tallying net vehicle-miles dependency problem in at least one
A E R I A L : D AV I D M A I S E L— I N S T I T U T E ; S U S A N S H A H E E N
traveled. Among the big questions: Are way. “These apps are starting to slowly
we sharing more? And if so, what are we devolve the perception that getting into
a car with somebody you don’t know is
the wrong thing to do,” Shaheen says.
And that kind of trust is a prerequi-
site for widespread carpooling, the
Shaheen is kind we’ll all be doing if we’re going to
a pioneer of share—and not own—automated ve-
carpooling hicles that swoop by to pick us up at our
research drivewayless homes. Which may be the
commute of the future. □
 It takes just as much ingenuity to go to Mars
as it does to make this popcorn.
Timing, precision, consistency—you expect to focus on these things when you’re building a rocket,
but they’re just as important if you’re trying to produce 30,000 perfect bags of kettle corn. That’s
why Siemens software is rapidly delivering innovation to every phase of manufacturing, from design
through production. Ingenuity is helping create better, more efficient, more cost-effective products.

usa.siemens.com/ingenuityforlife
© Siemens, 2016. All Rights Reserved.
CGCB-A10129-00-7600
The View

4 APPS TO HELP
YOU GIVE BACK
VOLUNTEERMATCH
aggregates volunteer
opportunities with
organizations across
the U.S., sorted
according to your
location and interests
(like animals or arts
and culture). Listings
include information
about the required time
commitment so you
can ind something that
works for your schedule.
(volunteermatch.org)

Finding time to give back GIVEGAB

offers a personalized
is often easier than you search, similar to
think, says Bush Lauren VolunteerMatch—but
also lets
you connect
SPOTLIGHT citizens, the impact of your work will be with fellow
Lauren Bush Lauren on compounded with every visit. “I have friends volunteers,
set service
how—and why—to give who go every week to the same soup kitchen
goals and keep track of
your time to others in their synagogue to volunteer,” says Bush where you’ve worked.
Lauren. “That’s extremely rewarding when (givegab.com)
WHILE TRAVELING WITH THE U.N.’S WORLD people can regularly engage with not only a
Food Programme as a college student, philan- single cause but a single community center, VOLUNTEERSPOT
thropist Lauren Bush Lauren saw irsthand hospital, soup kitchen, wherever it may be. helps you organize and
the reality of poverty in such countries as That way, you truly become a part of their plan volunteer events—
Cambodia and Chad. The experience led her operations and really get to know the people think school bake sales
to found a nonproit focused on hunger, called they’re serving and can dig in deeper in that and church rummage
sales. The
Feed, in 2007. The company, which initially way.” It also means you’ll see some of the fruits free version
sold tote bags and used the proceeds to fund of your donated labor. helps you
meals for hungry people, has since expanded. create an
Feed also hosts 10K races across the country, 3. THINK ABOUT YOUR TIME CREATIVELY. event page,
charity dinners and more. Giving has long Many people assume they don’t have the send email invites and
collect contributions all
been part of the entrepreneur’s life: she has margin in their lives to volunteer. But if you in one place.
worked in soup kitchens, homeless shelters reframe how you think about giving back, (volunteerspot.com)
and underserved hospitals from an early age. you’ll see that you can work it into your
If you’ve never wielded a ladle or cleaned schedule. Give in easy-to-do increments—an CHARITY MILES
a kennel, fear not: Bush Lauren has some hour or two at a time rather than a whole day. lets you give while
insights for volunteering rookies. Or lead the charge at work to make giving you work out. The app
back a company priority. Says Bush Lauren: donates
1. GET SPECIFIC. While many volunteers “Most employers want their companies to be 25¢ to the
organization
pick a charitable organization with personal doing their civic duties and want their teams of your
signiicance, Bush Lauren suggests volun- to be bonding outside of work in that way choice
teering according to your strongest aptitude. but maybe don’t have the time to organize it for every mile you walk
If you’re an artist, for example, you might themselves . . . And that way, you’re not taking or run (or 10¢ a mile
want to teach art classes to children who of time from your family or taking of time if you bike). And you
don’t pay—donations
wouldn’t otherwise have access to them. from your work but are doing it as part of your are made by the app’s
“When you can marry your speciic skill work schedule.” corporate sponsors.
BUSH L AUREN: COURTESY F EED

set and expertise, not only will you be more
engaged and excited, but your time will be
better spent,” says Bush Lauren.
2. BECOME A REGULAR. If you’re reading to
children in a hospital or working with senior
24 TIME April 25, 2016
Apply the same logic to the home front. (charitymiles.org)
Volunteer with your children so it doesn’t —Jessie Van Amburg
come at the expense of family time. Interacting
with the people you’re helping will cultivate
your kids’ sense of empathy—and yours too.
—ROBIN HILMANTEL
 550
VOLUNTEER PROJECTS PLANNED
THIS MONTH ALONE

78,000
ALLSTATE AGENCY OWNERS
AND EMPLOYEES

1,000,000 VOLUNTEER HOURS

IN THE PAST 5 YEARS

40
YEARS OF
BRINGING OUT
THE GOOD

Since 1976, the Allstate Helping Hands volunteer program has given
Allstate agency owners and employees across the country the
chance to give back by getting their hands dirty. From landscaping
parks and painting schools to mentoring local youth, they volunteer
year-round to help our community be better, stronger and safer.
Because bringing out the good is good for everyone.

© 2016 Allstate Insurance Co.

The View The Curious Capitalist
Janet Yellen is rebooting the
Fed to focus on Main Street
over Wall Street
By Rana Foroohar
YOU DON’T OFTEN HEAR CENTRAL BANKERS SAY, “I DON’T
know.” That’s because monetary wizards, like brain sur-
geons and rocket scientists, tend to cultivate an aura of omni-
science. Their high-powered computers crank out supposedly
precise answers to complex questions about where the global
economy will be in the next ive minutes or the next ive
years. But Federal Reserve Board Chair Janet Yellen has never
been allergic to uncertainty.
In a recent interview with TIME, Yellen made it clear there
are plenty of things about the economy both at home and
abroad that the Fed—not to mention economists, investors,
politicians and the rest of us—doesn’t grasp right now. Unem-
ployment has dropped to precrisis levels, but wages remain
stagnant. The traditional relationship between job creation
and inlation seems to have broken down. More and more
technology has not boosted productivity, as it has in the past.
Asset classes like stocks or bonds no longer move together in
the ways they used to. In short, the global economy is playing
by new rules, rules Yellen and the Fed are trying to puzzle out.
“Sometimes you have to make decisions without knowing all
that you would like to know,” she says. “That’s part of the job.”
THIS NEW REALITY is partly the result of the $29 trillion that
central bankers pumped into the global economy over the
past few years. (The Fed alone dumped $4.5 trillion in the
U.S.) Central bankers were forced to take such steps because
gridlocked governments didn’t act to put more iscal stimulus
into their economies after the 2008 inancial crisis. They be-
came, as economist Mohamed El-Erian has written, “the only
game in town” for propping up growth. The downside of the
recovery: distortions in corporate debt and equity markets
and the risk of another crash.
The Fed has frequently been criticized, particularly by Re-
publicans but also by some on the left, for continuing to keep
rates low in such an environment. By many metrics, the Amer-
ican recovery is improving, and easy monetary policies have
been known to encourage risky inancial behaviors of the sort
made infamous in 2008. But Yellen sees herself less as a
wizard who backs into numbers via computer models and
more of a family doctor who’s taken an oath to above all do
no harm. “We necessarily operate in an environment in
which there’s a great deal of uncertainty,” she notes, talk-
ing about everything from Chinese inancial markets to
the future of European integration. “In such an environ-
ment, it makes sense to use a risk-management approach
to identify and avoid the big mistakes. That’s one reason
26 TIME April 25, 2016
I favor a cautious approach.” Yellen, in
other words, is not keen to rely only on
old models. Rather, she is sending scouts
out to map the new landscape, measur-
ing and analyzing data. The hope is to
be able to quickly change tacks as neces-
sary, as the global economy continues to
twist and turn and confound.
For Yellen, risk management means
doing everything she can to keep the
U.S. recovery on track, employment es-
pecially. That’s one reason rates remain
low. If she had to choose between worry-
ing about inancial bubbles or jobs in the
Midwest, she’d choose the latter. It’s con-
sistent with her kitchen-table approach
to economics—more focused on the em-
pirical than the theoretical. That’s a big
STEADY AS shift from past regimes at the Fed, which
SHE GOES have trended toward the academic. “We
are focused on Main Street, on support-
JOBS ing economic conditions—plentiful jobs
Unemployment and stable prices—that help all Ameri-
was 4.9% in cans,” she says.
February, the
lowest level in
THAT’S NOT TO SAY that Yellen is ignor-
eight years
ing the sort of market distortions that the
past few years of loose monetary policy
DEMAND have engendered. In a 2014 speech, she
Global made it clear that higher rates aren’t the
demand only way to head of bubbles. Regulation
remains
sluggish, can also help. “Eforts to promote inan-
one reason cial stability through adjustments in in-
the Fed has terest rates would increase the volatility
kept interest of inlation and employment,” she says.
rates low “As a result, I believe a macro-prudential
approach to supervision and regulation
needs to play the primary role.”
Translation: the Fed is stepping up its
game as a inancial regulator. It’s a man-
date that has gotten a bit dusty over the
past several decades as Fed chairs have
focused more on the other two parts of
the mandate: keeping unemployment
and inlation low. But it’s one that Yel-
len would like to bring back. Already
the central bank has issued cautionary
notes about the frothy technology and
commercial real estate sectors. Look
SUSAN WALSH — AP
for more such warnings, as Yellen
continues to transform the Fed and
leads the U.S. through its new eco-
nomic wilderness. □
 The View In the Arena
What today’s Democrats can
learn from Bill Clinton’s crime
and welfare-reform bills
By Joe Klein
GIVEN THE PESTILENCE THAT IS PASSING FOR A POLICY DE-
bate on the Republican side this year, it’s been easy to overlook
the subtler follies of the Democrats. But the party is slipping
into ancient, discredited fantasies about social issues like crim-
inal justice and welfare reform. It took Bill Clinton to speak
some truth unto protest recently, when he was interrupted
by a clutch of young scholars claiming that his 1994 crime bill
had “devastated” poor neighborhoods. “I don’t know how
you would characterize the gang leaders who got 13-year-olds
hopped up on crack and sent them out onto the street to mur-
der other African-American children. Maybe you thought they
were good citizens,” he said, in a righteous distemper. “You are
defending the people who kill the lives you say matter!”
Clinton backtracked a bit the next day, saying the manner
of his reproach was “inefective.” And the political press
skewered him for going “of message” and hurting his wife’s
campaign. But Hillary Clinton’s campaign could use a strong
dose of politically incorrect truth telling. She had a nice
moment with Black Lives Matter protesters last summer,
when she encouraged them to come up with a positive agenda
to ease the angry dance between some police oicers and some
youths in black communities. That was sort of courageous:
too often the national conversation about race consists of
“activists” screaming and white people feeling guilty.
Let’s stipulate that Black Lives Matter has a point. Too
many police are badly trained; too many act on their worst
fears and think later. Overt racism has declined, but it is
still bred in the American bone. I lived in a predominantly
black neighborhood in the 1980s and saw friends of mine
treated rudely by all sorts of people in authority, especially
local shopkeepers. The frustrations of middle-class African
Americans in my neighborhood were bifurcated: they were
disgusted by the louche and dangerous behavior in the black
underclass, and they were infuriated by white people who
mistook them for criminals or deadbeats simply because of
their skin color. Given the progress of the past 40 years, the
growth of a substantial black middle class, the idiot vestiges
of white racism must be even more infuriating now.
BUT HISTORY AND REALITY must be respected too. The
Clintonian responses to crime and welfare dependency in the
1990s were a reasonable, if imperfect, corrective to an anarchic
situation. There was a clamor for safer streets, which Clinton
G E T T Y I M A G E S (2)
helped ease by funding 100,000 more cops.
For decades, Democrats had denied the truth of Daniel
Patrick Moynihan’s analysis of black family structure: that
parental irresponsibility was causing a
breakdown in the social order—an analy-
sis that soon crossed racial borders. “In
the 10 years before the 1994 bill passed,
crime had tripled among 16-to-24-year-
old blacks,” a prominent sociologist
told me, “but it had also doubled among
ONE LAW, 16-to-24-year-old whites.”
TWO ERAS The crime bill was belated—crime
had already peaked, but no one knew
it at the time. The truly excessive sen-
tencing, especially for drug crimes, had
already been passed on the state level
(most liberals and many conservatives
now agree that prison isn’t the place for
In 1996, nonviolent drug ofenders). The Clinton
during his
re-election bid,
bill was as concerned with prevention
Bill Clinton programs—there was a big ight over
promised “midnight basketball” leagues—as it was
to “break with providing Kevlar and weaponry to
the gangs, cops; it increased sentences for violent
ban those
cop-killer
criminals and egregious drug dealers in
bullets . . . the relatively minuscule federal prison
and give system. The majority of those in prison
our children today are violent criminals who belong
something to there. The streets are much safer now.
say yes to.”
Clinton’s landmark welfare-reform
bill, which is also under ire, reduced the
rolls by 60%. Many recipients were gam-
ing the system while working full-time
jobs in the gray and black markets. Truly
debilitated individuals were moved onto
Social Security disability. According to
In 2015,
following his Ron Haskins of the Brookings Institu-
wife’s speech tion, the rolls have remained relatively
asserting stable ever since, rising slightly in the
the need for 2001 and 2008 recessions. “They’re ac-
criminal- tually dropping now,” Haskins told me.
justice reform,
Clinton said
the 1994 BEFORE BILL CLINTON, Democrats had
law had gone turned their backs on crime and welfare
too far: “The dependency. Too many liberals sub-
way it was scribed to the old West Side Story “de-
written and
implemented, praved on account of being deprived”
we have too theory of indigence: it was society’s
wide a net.” fault. But that theory failed to recognize
the good choices made by the vast ma-
jority of African Americans who weren’t
criminals or truants or drug addicts. It is
tragic, and wildly irresponsible, that Bill
Clinton, who brought a measure of san-
ity to these complicated issues, is being
viliied now. □
27
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This much I have learned about debt after
40 years of writing and study: It is better not
to incur it. Once it is incurred, it is better to
pay it off. America, we have a problem.
We owe more than we can easily repay.
We spend too much and borrow too Trillion-dollar
much. Worse, we promise too much. We questions
conjure dollar bills by the trillions—pull A little guide to that very big number
them right out of thin air. I won’t insist
that this can’t go on, because it has. I only
say that it will eventually stop.
I don’t know the date, but I believe
that I know the reason. It will stop when
the world loses conidence in the dollars
we owe. Come that moment of truth,
the nation will resemble Chicago, a once How long have
we had debt?
prosperous polity now trying to persuade
its once trusting creditors that it is actu- The U.S. has
carried debt
ally solvent. virtually since Isn’t some
To understand our inancial ix, put debt good?
the American
yourself in the position of the govern- Revolution, when Sure, as anyone
ment. Say you earn the typical American the Founding who owns a
family income, and you spend and bor- Fathers home thanks
borrowed money to a mortgage
row as the government does. So assum- from France and knows. Infra-
ing, you would earn $54,000 a year, spend the Netherlands structure,
$64,000 a year and charge $10,000 to to pay for the schools and
your already slightly overburdened credit ight. Since then, research are
card. I say slightly overburdened—your the country has investments
been debt-free that can grow
outstanding balance is about $223,000. just once— the tax base.
Of course, MasterCard wouldn’t allow under President But just like
you to run up that kind of tab. At an an- Andrew Jackson, an individual,
nual percentage rate of 15%, the cost to who slashed a country can
service a $223,000 balance would ab- spending default when
and sold off the sum gets
sorb 62% of your pretax income. But the government too high.
government is diferent from you and me land.
(and Chicago). It has a central bank.
The Federal Reserve is the govern-
ment’s Monopoly-money machine. It
sets some interest rates and inluences
many others. It materializes dollars. It
regulates—now regiments—the nation’s How much is too much
debt?
banks. It pulls levers to make the stock
market go up. Debt as a percentage of GDP
Congress is the source of the Fed’s (a proxy for the tax base) is
a useful guide; some econo-
power. The Constitution is the source mists believe anything above
of Congress’s power. The parchment en- 90% is in the danger zone.
joins Congress to coin money and reg- The U.S., at nearly 74%,
ulate the value thereof. The founders is still below other major
viewed money as a scale or yardstick, economies, including Japan
and France. The chart at
right shows the debt burden
Grant is the editor of Grant’s Interest Rate of the world’s seven largest
Observer. His latest book, The Forgotten economies by GDP.
Depression: 1921: The Crash That Cured
Itself, won the 2015 Hayek Prize
SOURCE:
CIA WORLD
30 TIME April 25, 2016 FACTBOOK
something that measures value. The Fed
views money as a magic wand, something
that creates value.
Dollars aren’t so much minted these
days. Rather, they issue from the Fed’s
computers in billowing digital clouds.
The cost of producing them is only the en-
ergy expended on tapping the keys. The
Fed emits these electronic greenbacks to
attempt to control the course of economic
events. It’s a heaven-sent monetary sys-
tem for a big-spending government.
You may struggle to pay that midteens
rate on your outstanding credit-card bal-
ance. The Treasury gets by paying an av-
erage of just 1.8% on that portion of the
debt, held by savers and investors both
here and abroad. Deined in this way, we
owe $13.9 trillion. The $19 trillion igure
ticking upward on the famous National
Debt Clock adds the debts the govern-
ment owes itself. (How does this pseudo
bookkeeping work? The Social Security
Administration takes in—temporarily—
more than it pays out. With the surplus it
buys Treasury bonds. The bonds enlarge
the debt clock’s debt.) It’s not so impor-
tant that the government pays itself on
time. What is important is that the gov-
ernment pay its public creditors on time.
So cast your eyes on the exact numerical
rendering of that slightly smaller sum:
$13,903,107,629,266. It is unmanageable.
One can assume that the creditors
trust the currency in which they expect
to be repaid. I wonder why, and for how
Japan 227.9%
Debt burden as a percentage of GDP
France 98.2%
U.K. 90.6%
U.S. 73.6%
Germany 71.7%
India 51.7%
China 16.7%
 Who lends
to the U.S.?
When the
much longer. The Fed once fought inla- government
What’s the
relic. To manage the business cycle, the
tion. Now it actually sets out to cause it— needs money, it argument went, a government must have
difference
sells IOUs in the
about 2% a year is the target. Striving to between the the lexibility to print money, to muscle
form of Treasury deficit and
inlate, it presses down interest rates and securities like the debt?
around interest rates and to spend more
rustles up new dollars. bonds and than it takes in—in short, to “stimulate.”
From the nation’s 18th century found- T-bills. Ordinary The deicit is the Oh, we have stimulated. Between the
people buy them, annual difference
ing until 1971, the dollar was deined as between what the iscal years 2008 and 2012 alone, federal
as do busi-
a weight of gold or silver. Americans did government takes deicits totaled $5.6 trillion. The public
nesses, banks,
business with paper, of course. But these government in from taxes debt nearly doubled in the same span of
commercial bills and banknotes were agencies and and the amount years, to $11.2 trillion. The Federal Re-
convertible into monetary bedrock, the foreign entities. it spends. Every serve tickled $1.6 trillion in new digital
This debt totals year’s deicit is
precious metals. The expression sound added to the dollars into existence. True, our Great
$13.9 trillion.
as a dollar derives from the ring of a gold debt—and the Recession proved no Great Depression,
The Federal Re-
piece when you plunked it on a counter. serve holds the government but the post-2008 recovery is the limp-
Sound money coincided with bal- most debt, about almost always est on record.
anced budgets. Government borrow- $2.5 trillion, fol- spends more A thin cheer went up in January when
lowed by China than it takes in.
ings climbed in wartime and subsided in (In the past 50 the deicit (calculated over the 12 pre-
and Japan.
peacetime. The pattern was disarranged years, there have ceding months) weighed in at a mere
by depression in the 1930s and war in been only ive of $405 billion, the lowest over any 12-
the 1940s. It was broken by the John- surplus.) month period since 2008. Only $405 bil-
son Administration’s guns and butter lion. It’s not so much, as Washington
and entitlements programs in the 1960s. strums its calculators.
Richard Nixon administered the coup What’s the Let us pause to relect that a billion
de grâce on Aug. 15, 1971, when he an- point of a debt is a thousand million, and that a trillion
nounced that the dollar would derive its ceiling? is a thousand billion—or, alternatively,
Should I care
value from the say-so of the government. It was meant to about public a million millions. It’s a measure of the
The Fed could print as many green bills make borrowing debt? ix we’re in that the billions hardly seem
as the traic would bear. easier; before worth talking about.
Yes. The Fed can
1917, Treasury
Many applauded that sea change, needed Congress
print money. But It’s tomorrow’s trillions—the ones
then and later. Easy money rarely fails to state and local we’ve grandly promised to pay our-
to approve bond
please—at irst. It buoys stocks, bonds governments selves—that lie at the heart of the prob-
offerings. Today
cannot, and
and commercial real estate. House prices Treasury borrows
must raise taxes lem. The granddaddy of far-of commit-
jump, and car sales zoom. (Average auto- as needed to pay ments was Social Security, which dates
or cut services
the bills until it
lending rates, now 4%, have been nearly hits the ceiling.
to meet pension from the 1930s. Medicare and Medicaid
sawed in half since 2007.) Politicians, no- obligations in the 1960s and the Afordable Care Act
Measures to
ticing how a bull market fattens public for public in 2010 duly followed. The debt, as big as
raise the cap
employees.
pension funds, ratchet up the beneits trigger political it is, is the measure of past spending in ex-
they promise to retirees (a fact that state battles that have cess of tax receipts, a pattern of bad iscal
always ended in
and federal pensioners are encouraged to approval.
habits that traces its intellectual roots to
remember on Election Day). John Maynard Keynes and has its dollars-
Periodically, the buzz wears of. What and-cents origins with Lyndon Johnson
remains is a hangover of debts and prom- and his Great Society. What awaits us
ises. The proliferating dollars facilitate and our children and their children is
heavy borrowing. Ultra-low interest rates the unpaid tab of the future.
mask the cost. Is that all the debt there is?
I don’t ask that we return to some long- No. For this story, we focused
lost iscal and monetary Eden. None has on the per capita federal Household
ever existed, even in America. Crises debt, but the total burden
and business cycles are always with us. skyrockets when you factor in $14.22 trillion

I merely observe that sound money and things like business debt and
the mortgages, credit-card Federal government
a balanced budget were two sides of the balances and other elements of $13.90 trillion
coin of American prosperity. household debt.
Then came magical thinking. Maybe Business
Total:
you had a taste of modern economics in $12.78 trillion $43.89 trillion
school. If so, you probably learned that the SOURCES:
TRE ASURY

federal budget needn’t be balanced—it’s (FEDER AL

D E B T ); F E D E R A L State and local $135,726.50
nothing like a family budget, the teacher RESERVE FLOW
O F F U N D S D ATA ,
government per American
would say—and that gold is a barbarous
M A R C H 2 0 16
( A L L O T H E R S) $2.98 trillion

31
 “Nobody knows anything,” screen-
writer William Goldman wisely ob-
served about the accuracy of Hollywood
box-oice forecasts. The economists, in
general, are no better than the studio
executives.
You can’t blame people for not paying
attention. America has forever deied the
doomsdayers. The very language of gov-
ernment debt is calculated to tranquil-
ize the critical mind. We speak of the
Department of the Treasury rather than
the Department of the Debt. (There’s no
net treasure in the Treasury.) We say en-
titlement instead of taxing Peter to pay
Paul and Social Security trust fund when
we mean just another ordinary govern-
ment account at the Department of Debt.
(There is no trust fund because there is
no division of assets, no accounts con-
taining funds earmarked for you, the citi-
zen, who so faithfully “contributed” your
If repaid, where would the money come
from? It would come from you, natu-
Candidate math rally. The debt is ultimately a deferred
What the 2016 hopefuls say they’ll tax. You can calculate your pro rata obli-
do—and what it means for debt gation on your smartphone. Just visit the
Donald Trump has said Treasury website, which posts the debt to
he could eliminate all the penny, then the Census Bureau’s web-
federal debt in eight site, which reports the up-to-the-minute
years, but his current tax size of the population. Divide the latter by
and spending plan could
actually set us back an the former and you have the scary truth:
additional $30 trillion $42,998.12 for every man, woman and
by 2026, according to child, as I write this.
independent analysts. In the short term, the debt would no
doubt be reinanced, but at which inter-
Hillary Clinton would up est rate? At 4.8%, the rate prevailing as re-
spending by about 2%. cently as 2007, the government would pay
Analysts say her tax hikes more in interest expense—$654 billion—
would add $498 billion than it does for national defense. At a
in revenue after 10 years
but could reduce GDP blended rate of 6.7%, the average prevail-
growth by 1%. ing in the 1990s, the net federal-interest
bill would reach $913 billion, which very
nearly equals this year’s projected outlay

GE T T Y IM AGES (5)
Ted Cruz calls for
payroll taxes.) a “balanced-budget on Social Security.
Today’s miniature interest rates con- amendment.” But his We always need protection against
stitute another form of public sedation. plan to cut taxes and cockeyed economic experimentation.
You’d suppose the doubling of the debt boost military spending
could add an estimated 1945
would jack up the cost of servicing the $12.5 trillion to the debt. End of World War II
debt. Nothing of the kind. As the debt has
doubled, the rate of interest has halved. $19,810.31
In 2007, we owed $5 trillion and paid Bernie Sanders would 139.9 million
levy $15.3 trillion in new
an average interest rate of 4.8%. Net in- taxes. But the cost of his
terest expense: $237 billion. In 2016 we’ll new health plan could still
owe $14.1 trillion and pay the average in- add $2 trillion to $15 tril-
terest rate I already mentioned: 1.8%. lion to the debt and slow
Net interest expense: $240 billion. It’s a GDP growth by 9.5%, 1957
some estimates say. Baby boom
wonder we didn’t think of this inancial
peaks at
perpetual-motion machine about a thou- 4.3 million births
sand years ago. John Kasich says he’d
Debt per se is neither good nor bad, balance the budget in $8,861.57
eight years. Experts say
though less is usually better than more. 172.0 million
they don’t have enough
How it’s priced and how it’s used are detail on whether his tax
what tips the scales. If chocolate cake cost reforms and spending
a penny a slice, the best of us would be cuts would add up.
tempted to break our diets. Well, govern-
ment debt is priced at less than 2%, and
Washington fell of the wagon years ago. D EB T I M PAC T EST I M AT ES: C O M M I T T EE F O R A R ES P O N S I B L E
F ED ER A L B U D G E T ( T RU M P, C RUZ, S A N D ERS, K A S I CH); TA X

The public debt will fall due someday. F O U N DAT I O N (C L I N TO N, S A N D ERS); TA X P O L I CY C E N T ER (S A N D ERS)

N OT E S: D E B T P E R C A P I TA I S B A S E D O N G OV E R N M E N T D E B T
(Some of it falls due just about every day.) H E L D BY T H E P U B L I C, A DJ U S T E D TO 2 016 D O L L A R S

It will have to be repaid or reinanced. G R A P H I C S BY L I LY C H O W F O R T I M E

1918 1929
End of The Great
World War I Depression starts
1913
Federal Reserve $2,578.29 $1,457.78
1900 is established
103.2 million 121.8 million
$392.41 $243.46
76.1 million 97.2 million

1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s

 All 2016 figures are April 2016
current as of the printing
of this magazine $42,998.12
323.3 million

Once a national consensus on money chance, but she published her plan for a
and debt furnished this protective armor. peaceful revolution.
Money was gold and debt was bad, Amer- She asked her readers—I ask mine—to
icans assumed. Most credentialed econ- really examine the stub of their paycheck. 2009 
omists today will smile at these ancient Observe how much your employer pays Great
Recession ends
prejudices. Allow me to suggest that our you and how much less you take home.
forebears knew something. Notice the dollars withheld for Medicare, $28,153.20
Keynes himself would recoil at 0% Social Security and so forth. If you are 306.8 million
bank-deposit rates, chronically low eco- like most of us, you stopped looking long
nomic growth and the towering trillions ago. You don’t miss the income that you
that we have so generously pledged to one never get to touch.
another. (All we have to do now is earn the Picking up where Kellems left of, I
money to pay them.) propose a slight alteration in payday pol-
How do we escape from our self- icy. Let each wage-earning citizen hold
constructed iscal jail? According to the the whole of his or her untaxed earnings—
Government Accountability Oice, un- actually touch them. Then let the govern-
paid taxes add up to more than $450 bil- ment pluck its taxes. 2007
Great Recession
lion a year. Even so, according to the Tax “Such a payroll policy,” wrote Kellems starts 
Foundation, Americans spend 6.1 billion in her memoir, Taxes, Toil and Trouble, “is
hours and $233.8 billion each tax season entirely legal and if it were universally ad- $19,499.07
complying with a federal tax code that opted, in six months we would have either 301.2 million
runs to 10 million words. Are we quite a tax revolution or a startling contraction
sure we want no part of the lat-tax idea? of the budget!”
An identical low rate on most incomes. Black ink, sound money and the spirit
No deductions, no H&R Block. Imprac- of Vivien Kellems are the way forward. 2001
tical? So is the debt. “Make America solvent again” is my credo Clinton records
So is the spending (and the promises and battle cry. You can it it on a cap. □ fourth year of
budget surplus
to spend more down the road). We need
to stop the squandermania. How? By re- $15,944.70
suming the principled ight that Vivien 1990 285.0 million
Kellems waged against the IRS during Gulf War buildup
the Truman Administration. It enraged $16,802.56 
Kellems, a doughty Connecticut entre-
249.5 million
preneur, that she was forced to withhold
federal taxes from her employees’ wages.
She called it involuntary servitude, and
she itched to make her constitutional
argument in court. She never got that

1981
Reagan takes
office, implements
1971 Reaganomics
Nixon removes
gold standard $8,348.23
$7,160.67 229.5 million

207.7 million

U.S.
debt burden
per American
(adjusted
for inflation)

1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s

 America
rallied
around
putting a
woman
on the $10
bill. But
what if
Hamilton
fans stick
her on
the back?
By Maya Rhodan
and David Von Drehle

PHOTO-ILLUSTR ATION BY TIME

WHITE MEN ON GREEN PAPER. From the
days of ancient Rome, when Julius Caesar
and his successors illed the empire with
coins bearing their likenesses, rulers and
nations have used their money—both coins
and the folding stuf—to deine themselves.
The unity of the U.K. is summed up in the
face of the Queen. France, before the euro,
decorated its currency with artists and phi-
losophers. In the U.S., for more than a cen-
tury, the pantheon of faces featured on paper
bills has been limited to a small number of
Caucasian guys: Presidents, plus a pair of
founders.
That monotony appeared to give way
last year when the Obama Administration
announced plans to put a woman on the $10
bill, with a design to be unveiled in 2020,
just in time for the 100th anniversary of
the 19th Amendment, which granted vot-
ing rights to women. More than a century
after Martha Washington’s limited appear-
ance on a silver certiicate, the boys’ club of
George, Abe, Al, Andy, Ulysses and Benjamin
was going co-ed.
But hang on. Nothing is simple in Wash-
ington. With the Treasury Department
poised to announce details of the plan, a
battle has broken out over who, when and
where. And what seemed like a sure thing no
longer looks likely. Surging support for the
current $10-bill occupant and Broadway hotshot,
Alexander Hamilton, has collided with the slow
and secretive process for designing counterfeit-
resistant money. And the Treasury Secretary, who
sent a memo to the President in early 2015 suggest-
ing a woman’s portrait on the $10 bill, has since
begun publicly emphasizing redesigns for the back
of the note, where a woman might be featured. In
an interview with TIME, a Treasury Department
oicial admits that some thinking has changed
but won’t say what exactly. Many advocates fear
that the deal is already done: no female portrait
on the front of the $10 bill. And since Abe Lincoln
will never be displaced from the $5 bill, no woman
may arrive on the front of any currency until the
Treasury sends redesigned $20 bills to the banks,
which may not happen until 2030.
At the center of the pileup is Secretary of the
Treasury Jack Lew. Pressured by a powerful crew
of Hamiltonians and beseeched by feminists,
Lew’s hopes of pleasing everyone are sinking
fast. The Secretary has been urging audiences to
think beyond the “one square inch”—as he puts
it—of front-and-center portraiture on each U.S.
bill. Don’t get hung up on that symbolism, he says,
when Uncle Sam’s greenbacks have room for so
many images: slogans and buildings, seals and sig-
natures, eagles and eyeballs. Instead of calling for
a woman’s portrait, as he did last year, Lew now
emphasizes that Hamilton is “one of my heroes.”
THE THING IS, SYMBOLS MATTER, AS DOES
their placement. To some leaders of the campaign
for a woman’s portrait, a scene on the back of the
bill is symbolic of second-class status. “Our irst
representation in over 100 years, and this is going
to be our representation? It’s akin to being on the
back of the bus,” says Barbara Ortiz Howard, the
activist who got a viral public conversation going
in 2015 by pushing for a woman on the $20 bill.
In fact, when it comes to cash, symbolism is the
whole point. Bills are essentially worthless scraps
of paper—except that they symbolize a store of
value to back them up. A Benjamin brings $100 of
purchasing power, but take away a zero by decree
and the same slip of paper would buy 90% less.
Put the correct combination of paper scraps in the
hands of a cashier and they might respond with
food, shelter, a lat-screen TV or a Fitbit.
This symbolic potency may even be increas-
ing as money becomes more abstract. When you
can buy a house with a pen stroke, a car with your
smartphone, a lifesaving surgery with the swipe of
a plastic card, the symbol known as cash takes on
the added heft of something tangible. Cash isn’t
real—ask inlation-racked Venezuelans—but at
least you can put it in your pocket.
So of course there is a ight over that square
36 TIME April 25, 2016
inch on the front of one bill. It’s a ight that ap-
peared to be won early by the likes of Rosie Rios,
whose title is Treasurer of the United States, and
whose signature appears on every bill printed
during her tenure. A ierce advocate for putting a
SOME WOMEN woman on the currency, Rios began pushing for
IN THE RUNNING the change soon after she joined the Obama Ad-
Americans have debated ministration in 2009. Her presentation to then
the pick for 10 months
Treasury Secretary Tim Geithner went so well,
she told CNN afterward, that she left the room
convinced the cause was sailing forward.
And in a way it was. The Advanced Counterfeit
Deterrence Steering Committee—a multiagency
team that operates in secret to recommend and
oversee currency redesigns—indicated which bill
was next in line for an update. The $10 note had
proved most vulnerable to high-tech counterfeit-
Eleanor ers and desperately needed up-to-date security
Roosevelt features such as three-dimensional security rib-
The First Lady
topped a 2015 poll bons, multiple watermarks and color-changing
to choose a woman inks. It became the chosen vehicle for an over-
for the $10 bill. haul not for any slight against Hamilton but be-
cause his bill’s time was up.
Meanwhile, support for women on U.S. cur-
rency was growing. President Obama himself
joined the debate in 2014 after reading a hand-
written inquiry from a 9-year-old girl named
Soia in Massachusetts, who suggested a number
of candidates for the honor, including Obama’s
wife Michelle. Lew’s announcement in the sum-
mer of 2015 that the $10 bill would be “the irst
Harriet
bill in more than a century to feature the portrait
Tubman of a woman” seemed to seal the deal.
Democratic Senators But then the story got complicated, thanks to
have voiced support the intrusion of a couple of ghosts, a hip-hop ge-
for the famous
abolitionist. nius and former Federal Reserve chair Ben Ber-
nanke. “Hamilton’s demotion is intended to make
room to honor a deserving woman on the face of
G E T T Y I M A G E S ( 5 ) ; J A C K S O N : N AT I O N A L N U M I S M AT I C C O L L E C T I O N AT T H E S M I T H S O N I A N I N S T I T U T I O N
our currency. That’s a ine idea, but it shouldn’t
come at Hamilton’s expense,” Bernanke wrote
in a June op-ed. To the nation’s inancial leaders,
Hamilton was not just any old white guy; he was
the most important, inluential and visionary of
the white guys. Asking a Treasury Secretary to de-
mote Hamilton turned out to be a bit like asking a
bird watcher to bury John James Audubon.
Susan B.
Anthony THERE HAVE BEEN DOZENS OF MEN ON VARIOUS
The sufragist has banknotes in the nation’s history, with forgotten
appeared on a stamp
and a $1 coin. names like Silas Wright and William Windom.
But the current roster of guys on the front of our
legal tender is pretty formidable. On the dollar
is the Father of His Country, George Washing-
ton, for whom the capital is named. He’s not los-
ing his spot anytime soon. The $5 and $50 bills
belong to the two men most responsible for sav-
ing the Union when the U.S. appeared doomed
to implode: Abraham Lincoln and Ulysses Grant.
Either one would be hard to knock of. On the
$100 bill is Benjamin Franklin, who has been
called “the original American”—a prototype of
the self-made, entrepreneurial, clever and public-
spirited man. The brilliant yet idiosyncratic
Thomas Jeferson gets a token nod on the little-
used $2 bill, and other Presidents make footnote
appearances on various high-denomination bills
that are never seen in circulation.
That leaves the $10 and $20 bills and the two
hugely inluential and polarizing men whose un-
quiet ghosts have never stopped battling for the
American mind. Alexander Hamilton and Andrew
Jackson, one an immigrant genius who basically
invented the U.S. economy, the other a charis-
matic President who largely created the Demo-
cratic Party. The man of Wall Street and the man
of Main Street. The reputations of both men have
oscillated wildly since their deaths in 1804 and
1845, respectively.
But it just so happens that Hamilton’s stock has
jumped to an all-time high at precisely the mo-
ment when he’s faced with losing his, well, face.
His vision of the U.S. as a continent-spanning,
industry-based global inancial power has been
vindicated by history. And at the same time, his
singular biography (with its decidedly sexy under-
tones) captured the imagination of the hottest
young artist on Broadway, Lin-Manuel Miranda.
Just when the bureaucracy seemed ready to take
the wigged capitalist down a peg, Miranda’s multi-
ethnic hip-hop musical Hamilton burst out as New
York City’s hottest ticket in decades.
Lew went to see the production in August and
soon after dropped hints that changing the face of
the $10 bill might not be as simple as one face or
even one bill. The Secretary hosted the musical’s
star at the department in March, where he told
Miranda he would be “very happy” with the new
note. “There are multiple bills that are going to
be redesigned,” the Treasury Secretary told CBS.
“One of the things that’s come out of this conver-
sation is that very few people know what’s on the
back of any of our bills.”
Lew’s talk of the back side was the beginning of
his public backslide. “The notion that they might
have shared real estate has struck a lot of scholars
and a lot of cultural critics as disingenuous,” says
historian and author Catherine Clinton, one of a
group of scholars who met with Lew and Rios to
discuss the matter. In that meeting, she sarcasti-
cally asked if a woman might appear on 80% of the
bills to represent the pay gap women have histori-
cally faced in the U.S.
Harvard historian Jane Kamensky attended the
same meeting. “You’re not going to ix gender in-
equality by putting a woman on the face of the
$10, but boy will you emphasize gender inequal-
ity by putting women on the back,” she says. Sena-
tor Jeanne Shaheen, a Democrat from New Hamp-
shire who drafted a bill to put a woman on the $20
note, agrees. “Whomever is chosen shouldn’t have
to share the honor,” she says of the $10 bill.
THE HISTORY OF To this, Hamilton’s defenders have pointed to
THE $10 BILL a solution: Andrew Jackson, whose stock is trad-
Change is rare in U.S. ing at a steep discount these days, thanks to his
currency design
slave-trading résumé and his record as a perse-
cutor of Native Americans. No President has
fewer friends at Treasury: Jackson’s ierce cru-
sade against national banking guaranteed that.
In fact, he so loathed the very concept of central
banknotes that, if he came back from the dead,
he might lead the charge to have his face removed
from the $20 bill.
Deciding on the right woman for the $10 bill,
1914 either front or back, has been a struggle all its own.
President Andrew Formidable igures from Harriet Tubman and El-
Jackson appeared on
the face of the irst eanor Roosevelt to Susan B. Anthony and Rosa
$10 bill; he is now on Parks have all been suggested, with public polls
the $20. showing a nation divided. Complicating matters
further (if that is possible) is the fact that among
the women who care about this, there are surpris-
ing fault lines. Hillary Clinton and her replace-
ment in the Senate, New York’s Kirsten Gillibrand,
have lined up for keeping Hamilton on the $10 bill
and putting someone like Tubman on the $20 bill.
Exchanging a slave trader for an emancipationist
heroine could send exactly the right message. But
even if there were agreement on which woman
1929 might get stamped on the $20 bill, the problem
The bill was reissued is timing.
with the face of While Lew could announce his decision any
Treasury Secretary
Alexander Hamilton.
day now, the new design of the $10 bill is sched-
uled for unveiling in 2020, with the bills hitting
pocketbooks by 2026. “The Advanced Counter-
feit Deterrence Steering Committee has not made
any recommendations regarding the $5 bill or the
$20 bill,” said a senior government oicial famil-
iar with the process. That means, under a normal
schedule, the U.S. would be left waiting until at
least 2030 to see a Tubman $20 bill at the bank.
(A Treasury oicial took issue with that timeline,
saying advancements in technology as well as new
2006 and emerging threats could speed up the process.)
The last redesign To many proponents of a change, any addi-
includes symbols tional delay for a woman front and center is too
of freedom, like
the torch from the long. And no proponent may have a louder voice
Statue of Liberty. in this ight than young Soia of Massachusetts,
who turns 11 in April. She was the one, after all,
whose winsome, clear-eyed letter caught the
President’s eye in 2014. Asked by TIME about the
current ight over the $10 note, she did not hold
back. “I think that putting a woman on the back
of the bill would make women seem less impor-
tant,” she said. “You don’t pay a lot of attention to
the back of the bill.” □
37
 THE BILLION
HE MEN EASED PAST THE PICKET-
ers and police barricades, through
T a security-studded lobby and up to
the eighth loor of a federal building
named for Ronald Reagan. Inside
an airy rotunda, guests in jackets and ties mingled
over pork sliders and seafood tacos served by black
waiters in tuxedos. There were celebratory speeches
during dinner, crème brûlée for dessert. Apart from
the racial epithets wafting around the room, the
Saturday-night banquet seemed more like a wed-
ding reception than a meeting of white nationalists.
The event was sponsored by the National Policy
Institute (NPI), a tiny think tank based in Arling-
ton, Va., dedicated to the advancement of “peo-
ple of European descent.” NPI publishes pseudo-
scientiic tracts with titles like “Race Diferences
in Intelligence,” runs a blog called Radix Journal
(sample post: “My Hate Group Is Diferent Than
Your Hate Group”) and holds conferences on top-
ics like immigration and identity politics. This
time it had gathered a group of 150 sympathiz-
ers in downtown Washington to discuss what the
Protesters last July outside a
Trump hotel under construction
38 TIME April 25, 2016
rise of Donald Trump has meant for the far right.
Since the start of the 2016 campaign, Trump has
built a broad coalition of supporters, attracting voters
with his forceful personality and his willingness to
challenge party doctrine. And while the vast major-
ity are driven by reasons other than race, Trump has
also emerged as a hero to white nationalists. “Trump
has energized us,” says Richard Spencer, president
of NPI. For the irst time since George Wallace in
1968, far-right activists in the U.S. are migrating to-
ward mainstream electoral politics, stepping out of
the shadows to attend rallies, ofer endorsements and
serve as volunteers. “It’s bound to happen,” Spencer
says of white nationalists’ running for oice one day.
“Not as conservatives but as Trump Republicans.”
Extremists have latched on to Trump as a
rallying cry and recruiting tool. Attendance at NPI
events has jumped 75% over the past year, Spencer
says. The white-supremacist website Stormfront
reportedly had to upgrade its servers to handle
a Trump-driven traic spike. William Johnson,
chairman of the racist American Freedom Party,
paid for pro-Trump robocalls in six primary and
AND
in Washington
AIRE
caucus states. “Trump was the spark we needed,”
he says, citing a surge in membership.
This is a story line that could shape more than
the 2016 election. Trump’s success with disafected
whites is a sign that the forces of xenophobia and
nationalism, which fueled the rise of far-right pop-
ulist parties across Europe, are gathering strength
in the U.S. as well. At a moment of rising racial ten-
sions, Trump’s rhetoric of resentment has redrawn
the boundaries of political speech in new and trou-
bling ways. “This is a phenomenon that we haven’t
really seen before,” says Marilyn Mayo, a co-director
of the Center on Extremism at the Anti-Defamation
League. “White supremacists and others on the ex-
treme right have felt like they’re kept in the distance
during election cycles. They don’t feel that way with
Trump. They’re right in the conversation.”
T H E A LT R I G H T
A BILLIONAIRE MOGUL FROM MULTICULTURAL
Manhattan makes an unlikely tribune for a white-
grievance movement. But in more than a dozen in-
terviews, extremists described why they feel galva-
THE BIGOTS
How Donald Trump’s campaign brought white
nationalists out of the shadows
By Alex Altman
nized by Trump’s candidacy. They love his calls for
walling of the southern border and barring Muslim
immigration. They ind his salvos against political
correctness refreshing. And they interpret his la-
ments of national decline as a dog whistle about de-
mographic change.
Now they’re hoping a powerful and ubiquitous
messenger can spread their ideas. “It used to be
that nobody would say these things,” says Richard,
a Maryland resident in his 20s wearing a wispy beard
and a black knit tie. “Trump has opened the door to
nationalism in this country—not American nation-
alism but the white race. Once that door has fully
swung open, you can’t close it.”
Trump’s ascendancy comes at a moment of
reinvention for the far right. A new generation of
leaders like NPI’s Spencer are trying to recast white
nationalism as a 21st century movement steeped
in social media. The NPI meeting was dominated
by young men under 30, many of whom said they
were part of an online network known as the Alt (for
Alternative) Right. Originally rooted in antipathy
to mainstream conservatism, the Alt Right has
morphed over the past year into a virtual
pro-Trump army. It’s a loose collection
of furies who range from provocative
Twitter trolls to white-rights activists,
garden-variety anti-Semites, proto-
fascists and overt neo-Nazis.
Like any other movement that peddles
belonging to the alienated, the Alt Right
has developed its own lexicon. The pro-
testers holding antiracist signs on the
sidewalk below were classic “SJWs” (a de-
risive acronym for social-justice warriors).
Establishment Republicans are known as
“cuckservatives,” a term designed to con-
note emasculation. Both groups fall into
the category of people whom members of
the Alt Right refer to on Twitter and in
blogs like the Right Stuf as “ovenworthy.”
Though they often disagree on tone
and tactics, members of the Alt Right are
bound by a few core beliefs. They regard
most Republican politicians as Zionist
puppets, captive to corporations seeking
cheap labor. They tend to be protectionist
on trade, isolationist on foreign policy and
unmoved by cornerstone conservative is-
sues like free markets or the Constitution.
They reject the beneits of diversity and
view demographic trends as an existen-
tial threat.
Over $10 cocktails at the NPI event,
white nationalists described U.S. popula-
tion dynamics with a sense of dread. “In
a democracy, the majority rules,” said
Jefrey, a 27-year-old soap entrepreneur
from Louisiana. “If we become a minority
in our own country, we will be stripped
of our power.” Others suggested that they
could face systemic persecution if white
birthrates remain low and immigration
isn’t curtailed.
“Diversity brings diferences, and
sometimes those diferences are so irrec-
oncilable, they cause conlict,” said Na-
than Damigo, a 29-year-old student from
Oakdale, Calif., who blogs about incidents
of alleged antiwhite bias. To Damigo, a
former Marine who fought on the sectar-
ian battleields of Iraq, the rise of a can-
didate like Trump was inevitable. “This
is what happens in all multiracial, multi-
religious, multiethnic societies,” he said.
“Identity politics trumps everything else.”
#WHITEGENOCIDE
THE MIGRATION OF EXTREMISTS FROM
Internet message boards to the campaign
trail has produced ugly scenes. Racial
40 TIME April 25, 2016
‘Identity
politics
trumps
everything
else.’
—NATHAN DAMIGO,
A EUROPEAN-RIGHTS ACTIVIST FROM
CALIFORNIA WHO BLOGS ABOUT
INCIDENTS OF ALLEGED ANTIWHITE BIAS
slurs have tainted Trump rallies from Al-
abama to Nevada. In Ohio and Missouri,
his supporters urged protesters to “go
back to Africa” and “go to Auschwitz,”
respectively. At the same time, Trump’s
events have been tainted by episodes of
racially charged violence. At an event in
Kentucky, a prominent white suprema-
cist shoved and shouted at a young black
woman. Melees between Black Lives
Matter activists and Trump’s backers
forced the cancellation of a rally in Chi-
cago. At an event in Fayetteville, N.C., a
Trump fan named John McGraw, 78, was
charged with assault for sucker punching
a black protester. “The next time we see
him,” said McGraw later, “we might have
to kill him.”
How much blame Trump deserves for
this is a complicated question. He has
never endorsed the tenets of white su-
premacy or espoused explicit racism on
the campaign trail. Even when promot-
ing a ban on Muslims or linking Mexican
immigrants with rape and violence, he
heaps praise on both groups as a whole.
Right-wing extremists don’t think Trump
shares their views. “Donald Trump is not
a white nationalist. I don’t think he’s a rac-
ist,” says John Friend, a Holocaust denier
from Southern California who argues that
the Sept. 11 terrorist attacks were a Jewish
plot. But “he’s pushed the political dis-
course in our direction.”
Trump has done more than tap into the
anxieties of his supporters. He’s turned
campaign rallies into tribal warfare. When
bad behavior lares up, he has been slow
or unwilling to repudiate it. He promised
to pay the legal bills of backers who scuf-
le with protesters and snarls orders for
dissidents’ removal like a stereotypical
Southern sherif. When he suggested that
riots might erupt at the GOP convention if
the nomination eludes his grasp, it struck
many who have witnessed the chaos at his
events as a credible threat.
White nationalists believe Trump has
courted their support through a series of
subtle signals. To his 7.5 million follow-
ers on Twitter, Trump has retweeted rac-
ist fans, including accounts that promote
#WhiteGenocide—the idea that the bi-
partisan push for diversity is designed to
subjugate whites. (The tweets themselves
did not contain racist content.) Some of
his stafers follow popular Alt Right ig-
ures whose tweets are littered with racist
remarks. Trump has retweeted debunked
statistics that posit an epidemic of black-
on-white crime.
On the campaign trail, Trump has
touted an Eisenhower-era deportation
program known as Operation Wetback.
He’s pointed to the deaths of Kathryn
Steinle, a young white woman murdered
in San Francisco, and Jamiel Shaw, a black
high school football star killed in Los An-
geles, as examples of the threat posed by
undocumented immigrants. “We’re being
attacked,” Trump said last August. “Peo-
ple are coming through the border that
are really bad hombres.” His campaign is-
sued press credentials to James Edwards,
a white-supremacist radio host who in-
terviewed one of Trump’s sons. In some
interviews, Trump declined to repudiate
racist supporters like former Ku Klux Klan
grand wizard David Duke.
Trump spokeswoman Hope Hicks
says he has no knowledge of or ailiation
with his far-right fan club. Trump, who
composes his tweets on a Samsung smart-
phone, doesn’t always vet the proiles of
the supporters he retweets, says Hicks,
who notes the campaign was unaware of
Edwards’ political views. “He has been
very strong in his disavowal of all groups

that espouse hatred,” she tells TIME.
White nationalists still think Trump
is winking at them. “It would be dii-
cult for all this to be an accident,” says
Andrew Anglin, editor of the Daily
Stormer, a website with sections on the
“Jewish problem” and “race war.” To An-
glin, Trump represents a bridge to a new,
pro-white populism. “Something has
changed,” says the 31-year-old neo-Nazi
from Columbus, Ohio. “He’s proven the
Republican Party can no longer push an
P R E V I O U S PA G E S : P R O T E S T: C H I P S O M O D E V I L L A — G E T T Y I M A G E S; T R U M P : C H A D B AT K A —
agenda that’s against white Americans
for the beneit of the special interests
they represent.”
T H E W H I T E E T H N O S TAT E
T H E N E W YO R K T I M E S/ R E D U X ; T H I S PA G E : M AT T E I C H F O R T I M E
RICHARD SPENCER IS READY TO SEIZE
the moment. Spencer, 37, has devoted
much of his adult life to forging a new
path for white nationalism. “We need to
present ourselves as serious and attrac-
tive,” he explains. “The type of people
who can rule a country one day.”
Spencer is clean-cut, polite and solici-
tous. He spends his days on Twitter and
Slack and peppers his paragraphs with
academic jargon picked up during post-
graduate studies at Duke and the Uni-
versity of Chicago. At the NPI meeting,
△
Richard Spencer is among the
many white nationalists who
have rallied behind Trump
where the tables were decorated with im-
ages of Trump’s golden mane, he wore a
dark suit, a purple vest over a pink dress
shirt and a distinctive haircut—shaved on
the sides, longish on top—that has been
widely mimicked by white nationalists.
Spencer strives to soften the edges of
his ideology. He says he rejects white su-
premacy and considers slavery “abhor-
rent.” He calls himself an “identitarian,”
a belief system that emphasizes racial
identity and has much more in common
with European far-right movements than
anything cooked up by William F. Buckley
and his cohort. But the preppy demeanor
belies a radical vision: the establishment
of a whites-only “ethnostate.”
It’s still just a fantasy, Spencer ad-
mits. But he’s not wrong to suggest that
the rise of Trump, coupled with demo-
graphic trends and social crosscurrents,
has imbued this cause with new momen-
tum. The Black Lives Matter movement
that took root in Ferguson, Mo., has fed
a broader white-persecution complex.
About 4 in 10 Americans—and nearly 75%
of Trump supporters—say discrimination
against whites is now as big a problem as
discrimination against blacks, according
to a November study by the Public Reli-
gion Research Institute. Attempts to stile
free speech on college campuses—where
students seek out “safe spaces” and com-
plain that chalking “Trump 2016” on the
quad is an act of intimidation—seem to
validate the candidate’s jeremiads against
political correctness. Meanwhile, the
GOP’s perpetual pursuit of policies like
free trade, entitlement cuts and lower
taxes for the wealthy has widened the gulf
between party bosses and the base. “Con-
servatism is committing suicide,” Spencer
says. “We want to ill that space.”
In the age of Trump, the emergence
of a new nationalist third party no lon-
ger seems impossible. The GOP front
runner has shattered so many taboos,
smashed so many conservative idols,
that to Spencer it feels as if a movement
rooted in race and identity, rather than
the Constitution and capitalism, is gath-
ering steam. It may take years of itful
progress, he predicts, capped by some
seismic shock—a sudden war, a stock-
market crash. Or maybe just the arrival
of a candidate like Donald Trump. □
41
World

MAN-MADE DISASTER
A YEAR AFTER DEVASTATING QUAKES, POLITICS HAS KEPT NEPAL IN RUINS | TEXT BY NIKHIL KUMAR
PHOTOGRAPHS BY JAMES NACHTWEY FOR TIME
 The Himalayan
mountain village
of Barpak was at
the epicenter of
the quakes

43
IT WAS A YEAR AGO THAT RAM GIRI’S
home imploded. The earthquakes that
killed nearly 9,000 people in Nepal in
April and May 2015 twisted the brick
walls of the two-room structure, spilling
the exterior into what had been the
family’s living space. To keep what’s
left stable, Giri spent his savings on
wooden trusses to hold up the walls. “It
can collapse at any moment,” he says,
gazing over his village in the country’s
Sindhupalchok district, still strewn with
debris from the 7.8- and 7.3-magnitude
quakes. All around him, desperate
villagers remain stuck in shaky tarpaulin
tents and small tin sheds that seem
barely strong enough to withstand the
monsoon rainstorms due this summer,
let alone another temblor in this
earthquake-prone nation.
It wasn’t meant to be this way. With
the damage from the quakes estimated
at about $7 billion, international do-
nors stepped up to aid Nepal, pledging
$4.1 billion in assistance for the desper-
ately poor country. But the money for
rebuilding homes has yet to reach vic-
tims like Giri. Instead of focusing on re-
construction, Nepal became consumed
with a protracted political battle over a
new constitution that had been in the
works since the monarchy was abolished
in 2008. “This was a moment to focus
on rebuilding the country, but the pri-
orities were all wrong,” says C.K. Lal, a
prominent Kathmandu-based political
commentator.
The departure of Nepal’s royal rulers
had been preceded, two years earlier, by
the end of a decadelong insurgency by
Maoist rebels that claimed more than
10,000 lives. In the years since, two sep-
arate eforts to write a new constitution
became mired in political squabbles over
the structure of the infant Federal Re-
public of Nepal. With the earthquakes,
the country’s major political parties de-
cided to fast-track the constitutional
process to clear the way for reconstruc-
tion. But the opposite happened, as eth-
nic groups living along Nepal’s border
with India protested that their interests
had been sidelined in a new constitution
that was hurriedly approved in Septem-
ber. More than 50 people were killed as
anger about the new document spread in
southern Nepal.
Known as Madhesis, with close
44 TIME April 25, 2016
Clockwise from top left: Residents rebuild in Barpak a year after the quakes; people live in tents in
Kathmandu; progress has been slow in Barpak; a woman carries a child through ruins
language and cultural ties to neighbor-
ing India, these communities have long
felt marginalized by the Nepalese state.
As they protested, the border was blocked
for up to 135 days, leaving trucks carry-
ing badly needed fuel and food stranded
in India, which surrounds Nepal on three
sides. Amid the political bickering—
Nepal blamed India for fanning the un-
rest; New Delhi denied the charge—
reconstruction was derailed. “It’s politics,
not rebuilding, that has dominated over
the past year,” says Prashant Jha, author
of Battles of the New Republic: A Contem-
porary History of Nepal.
The fallout is clear to see in the trou-
bled record of Nepal’s National Recon-
struction Authority (NRA), the state
agency responsible for the rebuilding
efort. First proposed in June, it wasn’t
until December that the NRA was i-
nally given legal backing. It took until
mid-March for the irst rebuilding
funds to be distributed to quake victims
in a section of the country’s hard-hit
Dolakha district. Nepal’s Prime Minister
K.P. Oli acknowledged the problems on
March 29, when he said that “the recon-
struction work is not going to end even
in decades at this pace,” according to the
Kathmandu Post.
Meanwhile, there are fears of re-
newed violence. The borders reopened
after politicians in Kathmandu amended
the constitution this year to placate the
protesters. But as analysts warned this
month, the changes don’t fully address
the Madhesi demands, leaving the door
open to further turmoil.
It’s a prospect that ills Giri with
dread. Before the earthquake, he earned
close to $200 a month as a driver for a
local businessman. His wife worked
part time at a farm. But the quake devas-
tated farming, and Giri lost his job when
protests blocked the supply of diesel to
Nepal. Though supplies have resumed,
fuel remains scarce. Giri says he is lucky
if he drives more than one or two days a
week. He spends the rest of the month
working as a laborer. “At the end of the
month, we now have $30, maybe $40,
for a family of four,” he says. “Our home
has been destroyed. Who knows when
the government will rebuild it? They
say they will give us money to rebuild it.
When? Next year?” —With reporting by
KAI SCHULTZ/KATHMANDU □
46 TIME April 25, 2016
Much of the reconstruction work in Barpak
is done communally; here, villagers rebuild
houses and a Buddhist stupa
 ‘WHY NOT USE TECHNOLOGY TO MAKE ANIMALS TALK, A NOBLE PURSUIT IF EVER THERE WAS ONE?’ —PAGE 56
Lamar, West, Rihanna, Beyoncé and Cyrus have all experimented with surprise releases
MUSIC ON FEB. 11, KANYE WEST THREW
himself a party at Madison Square
Pop’s biggest Garden, partly to hype the new
stars are season of his Yeezy clothing line but
also to unveil The Life of Pablo, the
reviving the album he’d been dangling in front
of fans since 2014. While models
album by stood still in the center of the arena,
dressed in clothes that looked ripped
reinventing it from a postapocalyptic thriller, West
By Nolan Feeney played new songs of a laptop like
he was deejaying New York’s biggest
house party.
West had long been tinkering with
his new music, changing the title from
So Help Me God to Swish and then
Waves. He’d also been amending the
GE T T Y IM AGES (5); L P: AL A M Y
track list, which began with 10 songs,
and sharing it on social media. When
he debuted the music in front of thou-
sands at the Garden—plus 20 million
or so watching the live stream—fans
thought they had inally heard what
The Life of Pablo was all about.
Kanye had other ideas.
One day later, he tweeted that he
was adding more songs. Two days
later, he performed on Saturday Night
Live. On the third day, Pablo rose
again, appearing in the wee hours on
the streaming service Tidal, which
West co-owns. Now it had 18 tracks,
and in the next 10 days it would be
played 250 million times, Tidal said.
But Kanye wasn’t done yet.
That afternoon, he tweeted, “Ima ix
wolves” and over the next few weeks
he proceeded to change mixes, lyrics
and even the guest list. When he irst
premiered the track in 2015, “Wolves”
showcased pop diva Sia and the rapper
Vic Mensa; at the Garden, “Wolves”
49
Time Of Reviews
featured R&B singer Frank Ocean; now
the irst version had been restored.
Some might call this rollout a mess;
West calls it innovation. On April 1, his
label announced that The Life of Pablo—
now at 19 tracks—is a “living” album
with “new iterations” due in coming
months. It was added to Spotify and
Apple Music, and as a result it is now
the irst album to reach No. 1 on the
Billboard 200 from streaming—70% of
its “sales” units were actually streams.
Industry pundits have long foretold
the death of the album as ile sharing
and the digital-music revolution drove
a 57% drop in sales and licensing
revenue from 1999 to 2009. (Adele,
who sold 3.38 million copies of her
album 25 in its irst week, knows those
proclamations are slightly premature.)
But West isn’t alone in dismantling
conventions about how a major artist
releases an album—or what makes an
album in the irst place. While his peers
explore the opportunities allowed by
digital distribution, West has zeroed
in on what streaming ofers that other
formats can’t: that the album you love
today won’t be the same tomorrow.
‘Pulling a Beyoncé’
quickly became
the term for any
album rollout with a
surprise element
THE ALBUM AS WE KNOW IT is
old enough to retire. Back in 1948,
Columbia Records released the irst
successful 12-in., 33⅓-r.p.m. vinyl
record, nearly quintupling the amount
of audio per side to around 22 minutes.
(Before that, an “album” referred to
a bundle of 10-in., 78-r.p.m. discs
packaged together in paper sleeves.)
Over the next few decades, the industry
shifted focus from singles to albums,
with artists following a rigorous
pattern: record an album, promote it
with a single, tour after release, repeat.
In recent years, a few high-proile
artists have tried to break that cycle.
Radiohead announced its 2007 album
In Rainbows 10 days ahead of its release
and let fans pay what they wanted.
In 2010, Swedish pop star Robyn put
out three minialbums so she could
50 TIME April 25, 2016
TIME
record and tour simultaneously before PICKS
compiling the best tracks for her album
Body Talk. Then Beyoncé unwound
everything when she chucked 14 songs
with matching music videos onto iTunes MOVIES
with no warning in December 2013. The lively comedy
“Pulling a Beyoncé” quickly became Elvis & Nixon (April 22)
the term for any album rollout with imagines the meeting
that took place when
a surprise element. One of the most the King (played by
successful artists to borrow from her Michael Shannon)
playbook is the rapper Drake, who sat down with the
released If You’re Reading This It’s Too 37th President (Kevin
Late with little fanfare in February Spacey) in 1970.
2015—only to watch it become the irst
million-selling album released that year.
Not every surprise is about
converting Internet buzz into dollars.
Last year Miley Cyrus & Her Dead Petz,
a set of home recordings, was posted
to the singer’s website; she announced
it in the inal seconds of her hosting
duties at the MTV Video Music Awards.
Rihanna released Anti in late January, △
MUSIC
partly to cut her losses amid mounting Sturgill Simpson’s third
expectations and bad press following album, A Sailor’s Guide
three scrapped singles. Rapper Kendrick to Earth (April 15), is a
Lamar used the tactic to issue material letter to his new son,
that may not have otherwise been infusing his already
nontraditional take on
commercially viable: last month’s country with inflections
untitled unmastered. features rough of 1960s soul.
outtakes from his Grammy-winning
To Pimp a Butterly. (It managed to top BOOKS
My Struggle: Book
the Billboard 200 albums chart anyway.) Five (April 19),
Some critics predict that fans and the penultimate
artists will—if they haven’t already—tire installment of Karl Ove
of the surprise strategy. But the woman Knausgaard’s lauded
who inspired the trend ofers clues autobiographical
series, covers the trials
about its future. of his writer’s block and
The week before West unveiled his father’s death.
The Life of Pablo, Beyoncé surprise- ▽
released the politically charged single TELEVISION
“Formation,” with a music video In Season 2 of Netflix’s
Unbreakable Kimmy
referencing Hurricane Katrina and Schmidt (April 15),
police brutality. She performed the Ellie Kemper’s
song at the Super Bowl and used the wholesome kidnapping
next commercial break to announce survivor reunites
with her mom and
a world tour that sold $100 million
pursues new romantic
in tickets in two weeks—all without opportunities.
a new album, which would be less
lucrative. (She is, however, rumored
U N B R E A K A B L E K I M M Y S C H M I D T: N E T F L I X
to be working on one.) It was a smart
move, using the country’s biggest TV
event as free advertising. But it was
also a glimpse at what the future might
hold. Perhaps the next big change to
the album isn’t how much notice artists
give us or how much they tinker—it’s
whether they release one at all. □
 THEATER
The biggest new
sounds on Broadway
THE BROADWAY SEASON HAS BEEN
◁ fairly quiet since the smash opening of
BASED
ON A 1921 Hamilton last summer. But things are
SHOW
about to heat up with a burst of highly
anticipated new musicals. Along with
the recently opened Bright Star—Steve
Martin and Edie Brickell’s tuneful if
rather lumbering bluegrass show—they
represent the most eclectic slate of new
▷
BASED musicals to jam into one season in years.
ON THE
MOVIE
The most buzzed-about is Shule
Along, or, The Making of the Musical
Sensation of 1921 and All That Followed
(opening April 28), partly a revival—of
a landmark black musical revue with
songs by Eubie Blake—and partly a
backstage drama about the show’s
troubled history. George C. Wolfe’s new
production could become a landmark
◁ itself, with choreography by Savion
BASED
ON THE Glover and a stellar cast headed by six-
BOOK time Tony winner Audra McDonald.
Also on the menu is Waitress
(April 24), based on the 2007 indie ilm
about a small-town hash slinger stuck in
a loveless marriage, with a score by pop
▷ singer-songwriter Sara Bareilles. Those
BASED
ON THE
with a taste for darker fare can whet
BOOK their appetite with American Psycho
(April 21), an unlikely musicalization of
Bret Easton Ellis’ slasher novel about a
Wall Street yuppie who’s a serial killer
on the side; Duncan Sheik (Spring
Awakening) wrote the music. And for
something more whimsical, there’s Tuck
Everlasting (April 26), based on the
◁ children’s novel about a little girl who
REVIVAL
OF A encounters a family that has found the
CLASSIC secret to immortality.
All that’s missing is the usual big
revival of an old Broadway classic.
Instead, a more modest revival of one
of the lesser lights of the golden age will
serve quite well. A new production of
She Loves Me, the 1963 musical about a
▷
pair of feuding co-workers in a Budapest
BY STEVE parfumerie who don’t realize they’ve
MARTIN been writing anonymous love letters to
AND EDIE
BRICKELL each other, boasts a lovely score by Jerry
Bock and Sheldon Harnick, a cast that’s
close to perfection and one of the most
charming love stories ever put on stage.
A little jewel, polished up for the ages.
—RICHARD ZOGLIN
BOOKS
A battlefield
memoir from
an interrogator
THE VAST DISTANCE BE-
tween war and war stories is
typically illed, in books as
in life, by the sort of bluster
that gets people pushed onto
battleields in the irst place.
Accounts true to the experi-
ence line a short shelf that
includes E.B. Sledge’s With
the Old Breed, Paul Fussell’s
Doing Battle and Neil McCal-
lum’s Journey With a Pistol.
And now Eric Fair’s
Consequence: A Memoir. Fair
saw no ighting in his war,
yet his book has the stiled
anger and hollow feeling of
remembered combat. Having
left the Army before 9/11, he
arrived in Iraq as a private
contractor. He knew Arabic
and had a yearning to be part
of things. He interrogated
Iraqis in plywood booths,
the walls of which shook
from the impact of thrown
bodies. He declined work in
the worst part of Abu Ghraib.
But he posed beside a device
that caused prisoners to pass
out and soil themselves.
Consequence is Fair’s
attempt to confront what he
did, and failed to do. It reads
like a compulsion, a bare-
bones Dragnet narrative, if
Detective Joe Friday were
trying to ind out why a man
who once took refuge in
church inds himself playing
a Roman. —KARL VICK
51
Time Of Reviews
CHILDREN’S BOOKS
Are you
there, Allah?
It’s me, Cindy
By Sarah Begley
TWO YEARS AGO, THERE
was an uproar in the usually
quiet children’s-book world:
frustrated by the overwhelm-
ing whiteness of kids’ books,
readers took to social media
to protest with the hashtag
#WeNeedDiverseBooks.
Publishers took note. In
2013, children’s books fea-
turing black, Latino, Asian
or Native American charac-
ters accounted for only 8%
of those released in the U.S.,
according to the Cooperative
Children’s Book Center at
the University of Wisconsin–
Madison. In 2015, that num-
ber rose to 15%. There’s still
a long way to go.
One group that could
perhaps especially use some
ictional representation these
days: Muslim-American
kids. As fear about ISIS has
stoked hostile rhetoric in
certain quarters, these kids
have felt the efects. Muslim-
American parents have re-
ported a spike in schoolyard
bullying in recent months,
with kids getting taunted
for having “terrorist names.”
According to the Associated
Press and the Chicago Tri-
bune, some have wondered
if they’d be deported if a so-
called Muslim ban were put
into efect. Who can be these
kids’ ictional hero? Enter
Zomorod “Cindy” Yousefza-
deh, the lovable protagonist
of It Ain’t So Awful, Falafel.
Iranian-American author
Firoozeh Dumas previously
wrote about her life expe-
riences in the best-selling
memoir Funny in Farsi, and
she’s applied some of those
biographical details here,
52 TIME April 25, 2016
for younger readers. Falafel
opens in 1978, when sixth-
grader Cindy (her chosen
name) and her parents move
to Newport Beach, Calif.,
straight outta Compton,
where her dad was previ-
ously assigned on an oil
project, and before that,
straight outta Abadan, Iran.
She faces certain expected
struggles in her irst year in
a new school and neighbor-
hood: teachers can’t pro-
nounce her name, kids ask
‘Zomorod is not
a good name
here ... whose
name starts with
a Z? Nobody on
this planet who
counts.’
FROM IT AIN’T SO AWFUL,
FALAFEL
if she rides a camel, and
neighbors think her mom’s
cooking looks like mud. But
when the Iran hostage crisis
begins, the Yousefzadeh fam-
ily encounters a new level of
nasty incidents, from a dead
hamster left on their door-
step to a visit from a plumber
whose T-shirt says WANTED:
IRANIANS FOR TARGET
PRACTICE.
Yep, history will repeat
itself. But Dumas depicts
each hurdle with compassion
and laugh-out-loud humor.
She has created an endear-
ingly plucky character—any
kid who’s felt like an out-
sider could relate to Cindy.
Through it all, the young
girl keeps in mind advice
from her father: “Kindness
is our religion and if we treat
everybody the way we would
like to be treated, the world
would be a better place.” □
▽
MORE FOR MIDDLE
SCHOOLERS
Three new books about
big transitions
▼
The Wild Robot
by Peter Brown
Robot Roz boots up on
a wild island after being
shipwrecked in a storm;
now she must learn how
to survive in nature
▼
Wolf Hollow
by Lauren Wolk
When the bully of
Annabelle’s hometown
goes missing, she stands
up for the loner WW I
vet everyone thinks is
responsible
▼
Booked
by Kwame Alexander
The Newbery-winning
author of The Crossover
returns with another book
in verse about a soccer
player who learns to love
reading
THE LOVE OF READING
Time Of Television
REVIEW
Thrill of secrecy,
agony of deceit in
The Night Manager
By Daniel D’Addario
IN THE YEARS SINCE THE DAFFILY
self-assured Alias left the air, television
spies have engaged in increasingly grim
business. Assignments on Homeland
rely on the real-world ramiications
of terrorism and are carried out by
agents who’ve sacriiced their lives to
miserable service, gray suits and grayer
rooms. The Americans, currently airing
a superlative season on FX, is even less
glamorous. Blame the suburban 1980s
setting, Keri Russell’s ierce commitment
to Mother Russia and how exhausting
it looks to swap out wigs multiple times
a day—it’s probably the most realistic
depiction of espionage on TV.
On AMC’s The Night Manager, at
last, the sheer fun of tradecraft is back.
Based on John le Carré’s irst post–
Cold War novel, the six-episode mini-
series (launching April 19) traverses a
complicated world. But its most explo-
sive moments stem from the interplay
between a spook and an arms dealer.
Tom Hiddleston, a villain in Marvel
movies like Thor and The Avengers, is
the good guy here. Managing a hotel
in Cairo during the 2011 fall of Hosni
Mubarak, his Jonathan falls for Sophie
(Aure Atika), who warns him about
“the worst man in the world,” a fellow
who’s planning to supply weapons,
including napalm, to be used against
the Egyptian people. She quickly makes
a violent exit from the series, but not
before the two fall into bed together.
“I want one of your many selves to sleep
with me tonight,” she tells Jonathan.
“You can choose which one.” The line is
indefensible as anything but spy-genre
pastiche—which is, conveniently, what
The Night Manager does best.
The self Jonathan puts forward is bent
on revenge, and he eventually inds his
way there. Recruited by Angela, a British
intelligence oicer (Olivia Colman,
exuding strength), he penetrates the
inner circle of self-styled philanthropist
and weapons broker Richard Roper
(Hugh Laurie) by appearing to thwart
54 TIME April 25, 2016
Hiddleston and Laurie spin an exhilarating web of lies
a staged kidnapping of Roper’s son
near the family compound in telegenic
Majorca, Spain.
Does it make sense that a man as
canny as Roper would fall for Jonathan’s
game? Aided by his paranoid consigliere
Corky (a simmering Tom Hollander),
Roper should have been more on the ball.
But the show needs his self-regarding
arrogance in order to work, and Laurie
satisfyingly leshes out a superbly de-
testable villain. Roper isn’t a supervillain
like Bond’s Ernst Stavro Blofeld; he’s an
indolent fellow who loves wealth more
than people. He’d rather lounge by the
pool in his parrot-colored robe than ped-
dle artillery—but the latter inances the
former, so there it is.
The Night Manager applies the
pleasing fundamentals of pulp spycraft
to the banal world of corporate evil. Its
takes on the Arab Spring or Western
power grabs in emerging economies are
‘Becoming a man is
realizing that it’s
all rotten. Realizing
how to celebrate that
rottenness—now
that’s freedom.’
HUGH LAURIE, as Richard Roper
entirely surface-level, but going deeper
is the sort of task Homeland takes care of.
The gratiications here derive from the
trappings of glamour—a lavish opening
sequence, an overwrought score, the
striking Elizabeth Debicki as a trophy
girlfriend on the verge of shattering—
and from Roper’s reassuring lack of
imagination. Unlike many great screen
villains, he has nothing sympathetic
about him; he’s all boor.
The avaricious Roper has accumu-
lated plenty of resources, but Jona-
than, hardened by military service and
service-industry service, is resourceful.
T H E N I G H T M A N A G E R : A M C ; L A U R I E : G E T T Y I M A G E S; D I C E : B R I A N B O W E N S M I T H — S H O W T I M E
“You’ll be in so deep, you’ll worry that
you’ll never get out of it,” Angela warns
as she indoctrinates him into her world.
“There’s not a scrap of you that won’t
get used. There’s not an hour that will
go by that you won’t be scared.”
Indeed, the further Jonathan burrows
into his subterfuge, the more his person-
ality seems to evaporate. All the better to
carry out his missions, or to carry a quint-
essential spy series without distract-
ing from its delights—the wake left by a
speedboat in the Mediterranean, custom-
cut suits, the deadly sheen of a tense mo-
ment suspended in the air between two
stars having the time of their lives.
THE NIGHT MANAGER airs Tuesdays at 10 p.m.
E.T. on AMC
 QUICK TALK

Hugh Laurie
The House star returns to television as the
charming villain of The Night Manager.
You wanted to adapt this John
le Carré novel for years. When the
book came out in 1993, I tried to option
it. I was far too late, and the great Syd-
ney Pollack had it. The world turns, and
20-odd years later it comes back to life,
by which point of course I’m far too old
ON HIS and creaky and bald to play [the hero]
RETURN TO Jonathan Pine, but we have to resign
VEEP ourselves to these processes.
‘If the writers
had put parts of What attracted you to the story?
the current After the Cold War, I—and I’m sure
American
election in the
many others—worried that not only
script, HBO would spies be out of work but so would Clay had small roles in Woody Allen’s Blue Jasmine
would have said, spy writers. Le Carré, being the genius and on HBO’s Vinyl; as the main event he craps out
“Nobody’s going he is, found something even more
to believe that.” compelling: the world of arms dealing
So often life REVIEW
and the skulduggery that is even now
overtakes art.’ being revealed by the Panama Papers. The Diceman cometh.
How did you prepare to play the
When will he leave?
“worst man in the world”? It’s THE COMEDIAN ANDREW DICE CLAY, ALWAYS
the responsibility of every actor to ofending perceived political correctness, is one of the
love the characters they play, and 1990s’ more exhausting products. Comedians have
Roper has charm. The devil always always needled pieties, but only in placid peacetime
does because if he had DEVIL could crudeness for its own sake be seen as a virtue.
tattooed on his head, we’d Clay’s new sitcom Dice looks like Curb Your Enthusiasm
give him a wide berth. And or Episodes—a series showing us the unglamorized life
when you’re the third worst of a star. Living in Las Vegas after a career slowdown,
man in the world, it’s not this ictionalized Dice attends a same-sex wedding,
that much of a stretch. gambles, bickers with his girlfriend (Natasha Leggero)
and drenches Kobe beef in A1 at a steak house. What
His morality is inconsis- we don’t see is any motivation.
tent. There’s a temptation His successes—selling out Madison Square Garden,
to paint characters a single igniting controversy as a Saturday Night Live host—
color, but humans don’t work are résumé lines, not character traits. They don’t make
that way. Hitler couldn’t bear him interesting. Dice is unwilling to give Clay qualities
cruelty to animals, as bizarre as beyond abrasiveness and unequipped to craft for him
that is. I must confess to your an insightful line. Leggero, co-creator of Comedy Cen-
readers that I’m smoking a ciga- tral’s terriic Another Period, is wasted, while cameos by
rette at the moment, and yet later Adrien Brody and Wayne Newton go nowhere.
in the day I might go for a run. These cameos hint at what Dice thinks it’s doing:
depicting rebellion, upending safe sitcom tropes and
One critic said you should be the being so irreverent that it even dares to joke about gay
next James Bond. I am not famil- people. But really it’s all about preserving Clay’s status.
iar with the mental health of this Sure, he’s shown struggling to ind work, but everyone
person, but that’s the craziest thing he meets is eager to be ofended. For all Dice’s trappings,
I’ve ever heard. I can’t climb stairs it never really takes us backstage. And against all reason,
without my knees popping. I’m not the Diceman won’t step out of the spotlight. —D.D.
the guy to be hurling myself out of
helicopters, if indeed I ever was. DICE airs Sundays at 9:30 p.m. E.T. on Showtime; subscribers
—ELIANA DOCKTERMAN can stream it in its entirety

55
Time Of Movies

REVIEW

Sing Street
honors the
DIY spirit
FROM THE MINUTE SOME
enterprising soul irst
plugged a guitar into an amp,
bored kids everywhere have
been making three-chord
symphonies out of their
crummy lives. That’s the
spirit John Carney (Once,
Begin Again) captures in
Sing Street, set in 1985
Dublin. Fourteen-year-old
Conor (Ferdia Walsh-Peelo)
has been moved from his
posh school to a terrible new
one, and his parents, broke
and unhappy, are splitting up.
When CGI panther Bagheera speaks, Ben Kingsley’s voice comes out With the spiritual guidance
of his stoner older brother
REVIEW Brendan (sleepy-sexy Jack
Reynor), he forms a band.
Jon Favreau’s Jungle Book is What else is there to do?
a wild tale for a digital age Before long, Conor and his
mates have come up with a
FILMMAKERS CAN DO SO MANY TERRIBLE AND EXCESSIVE handful of pure pop confec-
things with technology today. Why not use it to make animals tions, with some cheerfully
talk, a noble pursuit if ever there was one? In director Jon rough-around-the-edges
Favreau’s spirited, lush adaptation of The Jungle Book—based music videos to match. He
loosely on Rudyard Kipling’s stalwart fables, with dashes of the also earns the afection of
1967 Disney version tossed in—computer-generated animals a winsome aspiring model
talk, sing, saunter, slink and slither around a live-action boy, (Lucy Boynton). You’ve seen
Mowgli (Neel Sethi). This “man cub” has been raised by △ every element of Sing Street
wolves, which are apparently a lot like ’70s Berkeley types JUNGLE BEAT hundreds of times before—
The new Jungle Book
when it comes to parenting: brimming with questions and features several songs it’s Carney’s knack for assem-
quips, Mowgli is a precocious hippie child in red underpants. from the 1967 animated bling them that makes the
He’s not totally carefree, though. The meanest cat in the version, including “I Wanna diference. In his hands, this
jungle, Shere Khan (Idris Elba supplies his velvety, malevolent Be Like You” and “The isn’t just a nostalgia trip. It’s
purr), has vowed to kill him. The allies who gather round in- Bare Necessities” an homage to teenage kicks
clude the wise panther Bagheera (Ben Kingsley, in full master- and the urgency of getting
thespian mode) and lover-of-life sloth bear Baloo (a fabulous them any way you can.—S.Z.
Bill Murray—his voice sounds the way lannel pj’s feel).
If it all sounds a little too calculated—it is. Yet somehow Duran Duran-imals
this Jungle Book works, because Favreau has both a sense of and Adam Ant-alikes
F R O M L E F T: D I S N E Y, E V E R E T T, T H E W E I N S T E I N C O.

humor and a sense of spectacle. Even in 3-D, the colors—a

riot of jades, cobalts and singing-canary yellows—are vibrant.
And where else can you see an obsessive-compulsive por-
cupine counting every stone he passes or a silky she-snake
with a vocabulary of seductive, sinister sibilants (voiced by
Scarlett Johansson, using every s in her name, and more)?
She’s Eve and the devil rolled into one. The Jungle Book, the
movie’s credits tell us, was made entirely in downtown Los
Angeles. It may be an urban product, but there’s still wildness
in its heart. —STEPHANIE ZACHAREK
56 TIME April 25, 2016
 Time Of PopChart

Tokyo is getting its very

own hedgehog café,
where customers can pay
to cuddle with the prickly
creatures.

Three men stranded

on a remote Paciic
island were rescued
after writing the word As part of an installation in Puglia, Italy, artist
HELP in palm fronds Edoardo Tresoldi built a new version of an ancient
on the sand, which church using nothing but wire mesh.
was spotted by a
military plane.

After more than a century,

the National Weather Service
promised to cease using After a recent
all capital letters in its Melissa McCarthy
meal in New York revealed that she
announcements: City’s Meatpacking will be involved in
District, Jim Carrey
“[WE] WILL reportedly left
Netflix’s upcoming
Gilmore Girls
STOP YELLING a $225 tip on a reboot, despite
AT YOU.” $151 bill. earlier reports to
the contrary.
LOVE IT
C H U R C H : B L I N D E Y E F A C T O R Y; H E L P S I G N , $ 5 B I L L : T W I T T E R ; W A R H O L : A P ; B U R G E R K I N G : YO U T U B E ; T E S L A ; H E D G E H O G , T E A C U P, R E C E I P T, B A L L O T

TIME’S WEEKLY TAKE ON WHAT POPPED IN CULTURE

LEAVE IT
Eric and Ivanka Trump won’t be able
to vote for their dad in New York’s April
19 primary because they missed the
deadline to register as Republicans. Several prints from Andy
Warhol’s Campbell’s Soup Cans
collection were stolen from an
B O X : A L A M Y; C A R R E Y, M C C A R T H Y, S O O K I E , I VA N K A T R U M P, E R I C T R U M P, S TA R B U C K S : G E T T Y I M A G E S

art museum in Springield, Mo.

Starbucks faced
backlash over The color
a change to its scheme of
loyalty program Australia’s
that could make new $5 bill has
it harder to earn been likened
free drinks. to “vomit” on
social media.
Tesla had to
recall 2,700 of its
Model X vehicles A prank caller
because of a safety tricked Burger King
issue with its third- employees in Coon
row seat back. Rapids, Minn.,
into smashing the
eatery’s windows
by telling them there
was a gas leak.

By Nolan Feeney and Megan McCluskey 57

Essay The Amateur
Things get messy when Boss
Lady takes her act home
By Kristin van Ogtrop
ONE OF THE MOST MORTIFYING MOMENTS IN MY LIFE AS A
working mother was the day I went to my eldest child’s ele-
mentary school to talk about my job and the teacher asked him
what I did for a living. My son’s answer? “She ires people.”
A more accurate response would have been “She goes to
meetings,” but I couldn’t really blame the kid for skipping the
mundane parts. Back then, in a (clearly misguided) attempt
to help my children understand what I did during our time
apart, I had taken a friend’s advice to make my job seem
really dramatic! Full of extreme highs and lows! To hold their
interest! Which I did, until I realized that if my children were
asked to describe my workplace, it would have sounded like
an acid trip starring the Big Fat Liar, the Woman Who Always
Cries and the Most Boring Man in the World. And reigning
over this little nonsensical kingdom: Dear Old Mom, otherwise
known as the Boss.
ACCORDING TO HOLLYWOOD, being a woman in charge
is a pretty straightforward business. I’ve just seen the new
Melissa McCarthy movie, The Boss, in which she plays
a scared, scarred self-made mogul who can’t handle the
messiness and intimacy of a personal life. She inds herself in
a desperate situation that forces her to rely on the kindness
of her long-sufering assistant and learns that there are
more important things in life than making money because
it’s people that really matter yada yada yada. While I am an
enormous fan of McCarthy’s and might even pay money to
see her read the phone book, as I watched I thought: Haven’t
I seen this plot before? Once again movies are neither the
mirror nor the lamp but, well, an acid trip in which a woman
can be great at having a career or great at having a personal
life but seldom great at both.
In the real world, whether they like it or not, many women
are in charge at work and at home. (Imagine!) The other day
I asked my 9-year-old if I was the family boss, to which he
replied, “Yes, which is kind of annoying.”
“Why?” I asked.
“I wish a boy could be a boss,” he said.
“Why?”
“More fairness. Boys let people do more stuf. No ofense,
Mom.”
But this is progress, right? No more waiting by the front
door with a martini in your hand for the big guy to get home
and count out your spending money. Progress!
I suppose. Over the course of my career I’ve had the great
fortune of working for many women who balanced, sometimes
gracefully, sometimes not, atop the three-legged stool of
58 TIME April 25, 2016
career, motherhood and marital success. There are
two beliefs I have held on to as I have risen through the
ranks in corporate America. The irst is that if an idea
is really hard to explain, then it’s probably not a very
good idea. The second is that it’s nearly impossible
to simultaneously triumph in career, motherhood
and marriage. All too often, one of the three will be
sacriiced for the beneit of the other two. Not exactly
selective elimination—more like survival of the ittest.
Years ago I had a conversation with a working friend
who said she wouldn’t let her babysitter do the grocery
shopping while the kids were in school because “she
would buy the wrong kind of lettuce.” While I regarded
this as something of a management failure, I knew ex-
actly what my friend meant. When I can’t ind my son’s
gloves for a weekend lacrosse game because he came
home with his babysitter from practice on Thursday
afternoon and put them God knows where, my anger
and frustration is not really about missing gloves.
It’s about my own failure as a mother and a working
woman just trying to keep it all together. And the feel-
ing that one of the three legs of the stool is breaking.
SINCE SEEING THE BOSS, I’ve been racking my brain to
come up with a movie that accurately relects the tri-
umphs and struggles of working motherhood, and bi-
zarrely my mind keeps going back to Boyhood. In which
the Patricia Arquette character ends up, apparently by
choice, alone. Is she sad, or is she liberated? Yes.
I L L U S T R AT I O N B Y L U C I G U T I É R R E Z F O R T I M E
This morning my husband and I were talking
about a problem I am having with one of our children.
In an attempt to be helpful and take the long view, my
husband said, “He’s not an employee, and you can’t
ire him.” Which is true, and healthy, and as it should
be. But, oh man, even though I dearly love that child
of mine, sometimes I really wish I could.
Van Ogtrop is the editor of Real Simple
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10 Questions
James McBride The National Book Award winner
and musician talks stupidity, soul and Kill ’Em and Leave,
his new biography of James Brown
You write that most James Brown
biographers aren’t stupid enough
to try to present a complete picture
of his life. Why did you want to try?
The American cultural landscape is
skewed toward who can scream the
loudest. In his time, James Brown
could scream—but there’s a deeper
level of his cultural importance, which
I felt wasn’t really addressed by other
books. And I look at him also from the
perspective of being a black musician
as well as a writer, so he was very
important to me.
The subtitle is Searching for James
Brown and the American Soul. How
do you define soul? I don’t think soul
is necessarily a black thing. Dolly Parton
has soul. Willie Nelson is loaded with
soul. Jonathan Demme has soul. Soul is
really the American way of spreading
love and also [conveying] information
about people who have less. That’s my
deinition of soul. And in that regard
James Brown was the king.
Is soul something you can develop?
No, no. Soul is in you. Either you have it
or you don’t.
Did you learn anything about James
Brown that surprised you? That he
was disappointed in the evolution of
African-American life. The business of
people by the thousands, or the hun-
dreds of thousands, who didn’t work.
He wasn’t a fan of welfare.
You’re pretty tough on the biopic
Get On Up, calling it out as inaccurate
for making him look more “wacko”
than he was. Is that your journal-
ism background showing? Part of the
problem is that James Brown’s life was
ictionalized by James Brown himself.
He felt white people didn’t really care
where he came from. He was just a poor
black guy. He could say anything he
wanted; the Horatio Alger story sells
well. But as a journalist, when you go
down to try to ferret out the facts, you
ind out a lot of diferent things.
60 TIME April 25, 2016
How do you do that while telling the
story of someone who wanted to
keep those secrets? We all wear masks
to hide the deeper part of ourselves.
I had to push beyond that in order to
understand how he became such a
great artist.
Those masks also come up in your
novel The Good Lord Bird. What
attracts you to the idea? We have a
hard time talking to each other in Amer-
ica. We just can’t seem to get past this
business of race. Which, by the way, I’m
exhausted talking about.
You’re working on an HBO mini-
series about Martin Luther King Jr.
with Taylor Branch, David Simon
and Ta-Nehisi Coates. What’s that
writers’ room like? David Simon is
like Duke Ellington. Ellington had this
big band of great soloists, and he’d
just turn ’em loose and let each play
their solos.
Brown and King are such monu-
mental figures to tackle. Where do
you even start? You go to the corners.
Everybody knows about James Brown,
but very few people know about Fred
Wesley and Pee Wee Ellis, who helped
create his sound. In the case of the
[HBO show], we’re not writing about
Martin Luther King very much. We’re
writing about the sharecroppers and the
college students in Mississippi who got
their heads beat in, and the poor folks
who went to town to register to vote
and got their heads knocked in, and the
white Southerners who tried to change
and sufered the brutal rebuke of their
own neighbors. You go to the toe irst
and work your way to the eyeball, not
the other way around.
It’s been 20 years since you wrote
The Color of Water. How does life
J AV I E R S I R V E N T F O R T I M E
compare with your expectations
back then? When I wrote it I was a
diferent person. I was seeking a kind
of peace in terms of my identity. I have
that peace now. —LILY ROTHMAN
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