You are on page 1of 128

Griego 1º Bachillerato

!
!

!
!"#$%&'(
!
!
! "#$%&'()! *'&)('!
! +(,-.! /0+.! $0&1)2! +(,-.! /0+.! $0&1)2!
3! oJ hJ tov oiJ aiJ tav
4! tovn thvn tov touv" ta" tav
5! tou' th'" tou' tw'n
6! tw'/ th'/ tw'/ toi'" tai'" toi'"
!
Cuadro general de las declinaciones

!"#$%&'()*&(+)#*',*-.%/0.(&*#123#4%&'()*&(+)5#
! ,#$%!! ,#$%!a h" ,#$%!h h" ,#$%! ,#$%! 7'&)('0,!
a a" a" ou h" ou
! 8!0!+!0!$!#!$!2!,! +(,-&'#$2,! +9/9$!
!"#$ -a -a -h -a" -h" -ai
%"&'$ -a -a -h -a -a -ai
(&'$ -an -an -hn -an -hn -a"
)*+'$ -a" -h" -h" -ou -ou -wn
,-.'$ -a/ -h/ -h/ -a/ -h/ -ai"

!!"#$%&'()*&(+)#.%/0.(&*#678%9#1:3#4%&'()*&(+)5#
! "#$%&'()! *'&)('!
! +(,9/0+! $0&1)2! +(,9/0+! $0&1)2!
!"#$ -o" -on -oi -a
%"&'$ -e -on -oi -a
(&'$ -on -on -ou" -a
)*+'$ -ou -ou -wn -wn
,-.'$ -w/ -w/ -oi" -oi"
!
!!!"#$%&'()*&(+)#*.%/0.(&*#1;3#4%&'()*&(+)5#
! "#$%&'()! *'&)('!
! :98! 3! :98! 3!
!"#$ -" / /$!1 -e" -a
%"&'$ -" 2
- !" -e -a
(&'$ -n /$-a 3 -a" 4 -a
)*+'$ -o" -wn
,-.'$ -i -si (n)
!"#$%!&
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
1$ $(0-12-#3*+."$&"#4*+5-."13"$$4"1$0-$461737-$7*$0-$&"+5"+-+.*!-".
2$ $(+-0823&"$-0$+"#3+-.39"'$
3$ $:"1$9"&-03;-&38+$7*$0-$5"+-+.*$<+='$
4$ $,*53+*+&3-! n",!!!9"&-03;-$<+=$&"#"$*+$*0$-&>5-.39"$?/@$53+2>0-1'$
!
!

! !"#!$%&!'() !*+, ) ) ) ) )
! "#$%$&'$! -./0120345) 6%&!'() 789:8"&!'() (+&%&!'() !";!"!&!'() +%6&!$!+!()
(! -w A-Ö-o-n -w -oi-mi -wn
)! -ei-" A-Ö-e-" -e -h/-" -oi-" -o-nt-o"
*! -ei A-Ö-e -e-to -h/ -oi -ei-n -ou-sa
+! -o-men A-Ö-o-men -w-men -oi-men -ou-sh"
*,! -e-te A-Ö-e-te -e-te -h-te -oi-te -o-n
-*! -ou-si A-Ö-o-n -o-ntwn -w-si -oi-en -o-nt-o"
.! -s-w -s-oi-mi -s-wn
/! -s-ei-" -s-oi-" -s-o-nt-o"
-! -s-ei -s-oi -s-ei-n -s-ou-sa
/! -s-o-men -s-oi-men -s-ou-sh"
)! -s-e-te s-oi-te -s-o-n
0! -s-ou-si -s-oi-en -s-o-nt-o"
1! A-Ö-sa -s-w -sai-mi -sa-"
0!!!!! A-Ö-sa-" -s-o-n -s-h/-" -sei-a-" -sa-nt-o"
)! A-Ö-se -sa-tw -s-h/ -sei-e -sa-i -sa-sa
2! A-Ö-sa-men -s-w-men -sai-men -sa-sh"
+! A-Ö-sa-te -sa-te -s-h-te -sai-te -sa-n
-0! A-Ö-sa-n -sa-ntwn -s-w-si -sei-a-n -sa-nt-o"
(! !-Ö-ka "#!-Ö-kei-n ! -Ö-k-w !-Ö-koi-mi !-Ö-kw"
*! !-Ö-ka" "#!-Ö-kei-" $%&'()*&+, ! Ö-k-h/-" !-Ö-koi-" !Ö-kot-o"
)! !-Ö-ke "#!-Ö-kei #, ! Ö-k-h/ !-Ö-koi !-Ö-ke-nai !-Ö-kuia
.*3! !-Ö-ka-men "#!-Ö-kei-men -.)*&%'( !-Ö-k-w-men !-Ö-koi-men !-Ö-kuia"
-! !-Ö-ka-te "#!-Ö-kei-te eijmiv ! Ö-k-h-te !/Ö-koi-te !-Ö-ko"
0! !-Ö-ka-si "#!-Ö-ke(i)-san ! -Ö-k-w-si !-Ö-koi-e-n !-Ö-kot-o"
'()$!&
(! -o-mai A-Ö-o-mhn -w-mai -oi-mhn -o-meno"
)! -ei A-Ö-ou -ou -h/ -oi-o -o-menou
*! -e-tai A-Ö-e-to -e-sqw -h-tai -oi-to -e-sqai -o-menh
+! -o-meqa A-Ö-o-meqa -w-meqa -oi-meqa -o-menh"
*,! -e-sqe A-Ö-e-sqe -e-sqe -h-sqe -oi-sqe -o-menon
-*! -o-ntai A-Ö-o-nto -e-sqwn -w-ntai -oi-nto -o-menou
.! -s-o-mai -s-oi-mhn -s-o-meno"
/! -s-ei -s-oi-o -s-o-menou
-! -s-e-tai -s-oi-to -s-e-sqai -s-o-menh
/! -s-o-meqa -s-oi-meqa -s-o-menh"
)! -s-e-sqe -s-oi-sqe -s-o-menon
0! -s-o-ntai -s-oi-nto -s-o-menou
1! A-Ö-sa-mhn -s-w-mai -sai-mhn -sa-men-o"
0!!!!! A-Ö-sw -sa-i -s-h/ -sai-o -sa-men-ou
)! A-Ö-sa-to -sa-sqw -s-h-tai -sai-to -sa-sqai -sa-men-h
2! A-Ö-sa-meqa -s-w-meqa -sai-meqa -sa-men-h"
+! A-Ö-sa-sqe -sa-sqe -s-h-sqe -sai-sqe -sa-men-on
-0! A-Ö-sa-nto -sa-sqwn -s-w-ntai -sai-nto -sa-men-ou
(! !-Ö-mai "#!-Ö-mhn !-Ö-meno"
*! !/Ö-sai "#!/Ö-so !-Ö-se !-Ö-menou
)! !-Ö-tai "#!-Ö-to !-Ö-sqw $%&'(,$*&+(#, $%&'()*&+#, !-Ö-sqai !-Ö-menh
.*3! !-Ö-meqa "#!-Ö-meqa 0123( 4*, 5)'%'-67 !-Ö-menh"
-! !-Ö-sqe "#!-Ö-sqe !-Ö-sqe eijmiv eijmiv !-Ö-menon
0! !-Ö-ntai "#!-Ö-nto !-Ö-sqwn !-Ö-menou
!
!
!
!
!

!"#$%&'(&)*+&,%&'(&,-.-!&
eJmautw/' ga;r xunh/vdein oujde;n ejpistamevnw/
!"#$%&'!"('))'*&+'
;36;<=!
'
!"#$%&'(&)*+&,-./0*+&1.23-0435-*+(&
!"#$%&6(&7,&/41-/3&8&,3+&21*,-9:3+&/41-/3+(&
!"#$%&;(&7,&*,<*=-:3&/41-/3(&)3+&<3.->*+(&?4*.+941591@.&*,&9*+:-,,*.3(&"#$%&'(!)!$(*+,-&.(/!
>.6!?@!*()1#0$A2!A0!-0)2.!
:(7(!A0!5)0-#(.!
!"#$%&A(&)3+&9*+3+&2-&,*&2-9,1.*91@.&/41-/*(&&
!"#$%&B(&C4*91@.&9350,*:1D*(&7,&.3>1.*:1D3&+1./0,*4(&&
>.6.!B@!C(!2)(-#D$!-27&'(1#E(! F! 0'!$2+#$(1#E2!,#$%&'().! 8%9, +7&.%9, 4*, :%, ;*<%=->;(, ?-, *+*:=@9'-=%(,
"'&-21'7,9-;,%&'@=1:7(,$%&'@=1:%9,)79)79-'-6%9(,Kaiv,1;*,9-*.)&*,=79%9,-<1%:*9(,
!"#$%&E&(7,&*9-.:3&/41-/3(&
!"#$%&F(&7,&/-.1:1D3&
>.6.!G@!='!!%0$#1#E2.!013(;():(,#,/6(9<(,8%,*;1;=-%=->;,4*,:79,%43*'-679(,
!"#$%&G(&)*+&5*4:H90,*+(&
!"#$%&I(&7,&*4:H90,3(&
!"#$%&'J(&K1/.3+&34:3/4L<193+&8&<3.M:19*&+1.:L9:19*(&
!"#$%&''(&)*&93.9342*.91*(&
>.6.!H@!C(!-2$-2)A($-#(.,"&'@=1:7,919'%;'-6%47&,4*,%43*'-679,;*1'&79,A):1&%:*9,B,9-;<1:%&*9C(,":+%,)&-6%'-6%(,
D*;-'-67,)79*9-67(,D*;-'-67,)%&'-'-67(,
!"#$%&'6(&7,&*90+*:1D3(&)*&34*91@.&:4*.+1:1D*(&
>.6.!I@!4-&,(1#E2.!J2K! (-1#E(.!L)(-#D$!1)($,#1#E(.! *)072,#-#2$0,.! Polloiv! , B, oiJ polloiv(, D*;-'-67,
)79*9-67,=7;,*:,6*&27,eijmiv. ;*1'&79,):1&%:*9,*;,E%,F,/a.
!"#$%&';(&)*&541>-4*&8&,*&+-/0.2*&2-9,1.*913.-+(&
>.6.!M@!='!A(1#E2.! G%'-67,HH(,$79-=->;,4*:,<*;-'-67(,I7&.%=->;,4*,%46*&2-79,*;,-w".,!*<@.*;*9,6*&2%:*9(,
_Esti! =7;, 6%:7&, -.)*&97;%:(, J:, $K5, 4*, 5G, 9-;, %&'@=1:7(, J:, 4%'-67, ):1&%:, 4*, :%, '*&=*&%, 4*=:-;%=->;L,
=%.2-79,+7;M'-=79(,K%:7&,-;'*;9-67,4*,kaiv. Pa'"!!B!a{pa".
!"#$%& 'A(& #,*+1<19*91@.& -+N0->L:19*& 2-& ,3+& D-4=3+& -.& /41-/3(& )*& D3O& *9:1D*(& 7,& 54-+-.:-& 2-&
1.219*:1D3(&
!"#$%&'B(&#,*+1<19*91@.&2-&,*+&34*913.-+(&)*+&34*913.-+&93>5,-:1D*+&2-&1.<1.1:1D3(&
>.6.!N@!='!#$/#$#1#E2!A0!7)0,0$10.!L)(-#2$0,!A0!#$/#$#1#E2.! "=1.1:%=->;,4*,+7&.%9,;*<%'-6%9(!a[lloi!,,
B,,oiJ a[lloi. oujdeiv" ! oujdev
!"#$%&'E(&%P&)*&D3O&>-21*&QP&R-93.391>1-.:3&-.&/41-/3&2-&,*&D3O&5*+1D*(&
>.6.!O@!J2K!+0A#(!F!E2K!7(,#E(.!$&7;7.2&*9,4*.79'&%'-679(,
!"#$%&'F(&S43.3>=4-&4-,*:1D3(&)*&34*91@.&2-&4-,*:1D3(&
>.6.!P@!*)272,#-#2$0,!)0'(1#E(,.!8%,;*<%=->;,mhv.!gamevw,#,%=19%'-67(,
!"#$%&'G(&S*4:191513&2-&54-+-.:-(&T34<3,3/H*&8&+1.:*U1+(&
>.6.!Q@!='!7()1#-#7#2.!J0)R2,!-2$1)(-12,!0$!-evw.!K*&279,'&%;9-'-679,=7;,%46*&2-79(,
!"#$%&'I(&)*+&93.:4*9913.-+(&
>.6.!B?.@!J0)R2,!-2$1)(-12,!0$! avw F -evw.
,-./0')1&'2$3'4536757*6$3'8593:7$#53&'
,-./0');&'<59*59$'45*#67$*6=7'->'%5?$3'57':*#@36A$'B'57'C7%C&'
,-./0'))&'2$3':9$*6:753'67%599:D$%6A$3''
>.6.!BB@!ST&U!0,!'2!V0)+2,2W!X8)(%.!A0!!"#"$%&'$()*Y!A0!*'(1D$Z,H&%9-9(,$%&'@=1:%9,-;'*&&7<%'-6%9(,
,-./0')E&'2:3'?:4:3'A59F$#53'45#'%5?$'45'895357%5&'G#'3@FH@7%6A:&'.:7H@7*6:753'*:7'
3@FH@7%6A:&'
>.6.!BG@!*)272,#-#2$0,!-#)-&$,1($-#('0,!-2$!,&R[&$1#E2.!
,-./0')I&'G#'6?859J5*%:'45'6746*$%6A:&'G#'$@?57%:&'
!
!

>.6.! BH@! =,1)07,\(A0,! $2! 7&0A0! A2)+#)! X8)(%.! A0! +$%& ,-./%! A0! 4)#,1D/($0,Z.! "=19%'-67, 4*,
*N'*;9->;,*;,*:,'-*.)7,B,*;,*:,*9)%=-7(,$%&'-=-)-7,)&*4-=%'-67(,Ou|tosi.
,-./0')K&'.#$36J6*$*6=7'45'#:3'89:7:?F953&'
>.6.!BI@!*)2$2+R)0,.! J:, %&'@=1:7, 919'%;'-6%47&(, "=19%'-67, -;'*&;7, 4*, =7;'*;-47, B, 4*, &*91:'%47(, J:, 6*&27,
zavw.
,-./0')L&'2$'%59*59$'45*#67$*6=7'-->'%5?$3'57'7$3$#('#MN@64$'B'36D?$&'
>.6.!BM@!8)(%+0$12,!A0!'(!472'2%\(!A0!"D-)(10,Y!]0$2/2$10.!
,-./0')O&'.#$36J6*$*6=7'45'#:3'$4H5%6A:3&'2:3'7@?59$#53'B'3@'@3:&'
,-./0')P&'Q9$4:3'45'36D76J6*$*6=7'45#'$4H5%6A:&'
>.6.! BN.! <2+7()(1#E2,! F! ,&70)'(1#E2,.! :^_#+(,! A0! :0$($A)2., Ma'llon bouvlomai"! D*;-'-67,
=7.)%&%'-67(,JN)&*9->;,4*,31&%.*;'79(,O;+-;-'-67,:-.-'%'-67(,H7.)1*9'79,4*,eijmiv.
>.6.!BO.!"2R)0!0'!A#$0)2.!K%:7&*9,4*,parav.
,-./0')R&'2$3'8958:36*6:753&'
>.6.!BP@!"2R)0!'(,!(E#,7(,.!D*;-'-67,'*.)7&%:(,"=19%'-67,4*,&*:%=->;.!
,-./0'E1&''2$'%59*59$'45*#67$*6=7'--->'%5?$3'57'A:*$#'B'468%:7D:&'
>.6.! BQ@! 6#,-&),2! A0! 4)#,1D/($0,! ,2R)0! 0'! (+2)! X8)(%.! A0! 01& 2$34-/5/& A0! *'(1D$Z! "=19%'-67,
%46*&2-%:(,
>.6.!G?@!ST&#U$!0)(!"D-)(10,W!O;+-;-'-67,919'%;'-6%47(,D*;-'-67,4*,)%&*;'*9=7.!
,-./0'E;&'G#'J@%@9:'->'J@%@9:'36D?S%6*:&'
>.6.! GB@! "2R)0! 0'! -2+R(10.! ]&)(+0$12! A0! '2,! %)#0%2,! ($10,! A0! '(! R(1(''(! A0! *'(10(.! D*;-'-67,
%297:1'7(,H7;9'&1==->;,a[llon a[lla.!Cravomai!#,4%'-67(,Peri; pollou' poiei'sqai.
,-./0'E)&'G#'$:963%:'->'$:963%:'36D?S%6*:&'
>.6.!GG@!='!/0,1\$!A0!4)#,12A0+2.!`0,02!(R($A2$(!(!4)#(A$(!0$(+2)(A(.!`0_12!A0!!/163"7$%!
X]0$.Z!
,-./0'EE&'G#'$:963%:'-->'$:963%:'9$46*$#'%5?S%6*:&'
>.6.!GH@!='!(,1)D$2+2!AJ97)7C.!P&%41==->;,4*:,)%&'-=-)-7,e[cwn.!Lanqavnw,=7;,)%&'-=-)-7,$K5(,
,-./0''EI&'G#'$:963%:'--->'$:963%:'9$46*$#'$%5?S%6*:'B'$:963%:'57'T$88$&''
>.6.!GI@!<2,1&+R)0,!A0!'2,!0,7()1#(1(,.!>$!-2R()A0!0$!'(!R(1(''(!X`02/)(,1)2Z.!!
,-./0'EK&'U67%$V63'45'#:3'8$9%6*686:3&'
>.6.! GM@! C(,! 4+(K2$(,.! K*&279, =7;, &M<-.*;, *;, D*;-'-67(, ='! -(R(''2! A0! +(A0)(.! `0_12! A0!
!/163"7$%!X]0$.Z!
,-./0'EL&C'G#'J@%@9:'-->'*$3:3'8$9%6*@#$953'B'J@%@9:'8$36A:&'
>.6.!GN@!C(,!R#0$(E0$1&)($K(,!AJ6(,9*<Q;,0%;,R%'*7C.!='![&)(+0$12!A0!*'(10(!XC#-&)%2Z.!
,-./0'EO>'G#'859J5*%:&'
>.6.!GO@!4!'2,!,2'A(A2,!+&0)12,!72)!'(!#$A070$A0$-#(!A0! 410$(,! A!"#$%&#'S, 4*, T-)M&-4*9C.!>$(!
R2A(!0$!a/0,2,A(!&)*+%,%*S,4*,U*;7+7;'*,4*,V+*97C,
0WGXY',-./0'EO>'2-U<0'ZG'02Q[WYU'0Y\-U<YU'']'"G\,G.<YU''
,-./0'EP>'G#':8%$%6A:&'
>.6.!GP@!*20+(!(+2)2,2!A";%=&*7;'*C.!`0_12!A0!!/163"7$%!X]0$.Z!
,-./0'ER>'.#$36J6*$*6=7'45'#:3'A59F:3'--'
>.6.!GQ@!`0_12!A0!01&.$34-/5/!X]0$.Z!
,-./0'I1>'"95357%53'$%5?S%6*:3&'
>.6.!H?@!8)(%+0$12,!A0!!/163"7$%!X]0$.Z!
,-./0'I;>'2$'A:^'8$36A$&'
,-./0'I)>'G#'67J676%6A:'367%S*%6*$?57%5&'
,-./0'IE>'2:3'$4H5%6A:3'A59F$#53&'
,-./0'II>'G#'6?859$%6A:&'
!
!

!
,-./0';&''!"#$!%&'("#$)&*+%(,+-%"#$
!
B.!;3`bL6><<;c3.!
01#$! *'#'! 23(! 4$! #-$%! 15'(6! $%! $7! (/! 8986! ($! -%-#-:! $7! $(&.4-'! 4$! 71! #'2*1,1#-:%! 4$! 7$%;.1(6! 1%&-;.1(! )!
2'4$,%1(!<#'2'!#'%($#.$%#-1!4$!71!$=*1%(-:%!#'7'%-176!$(*$#-172$%&$!71!-%;7$(1>!)!$77'!*$,2-&-:!4$(#.?,-,!
@.$! $=-(&+1%! ($2$A1%B1(! $%&,$! 7$%;.1(! *$,&$%$#-$%&$(! 1! *'?71#-'%$(! 2.)! 4-(&1%&$(! $%&,$! (+6! @.$! 1?1,#1?1%!
4$(4$! 71! 9%4-1! C1(&1!$7! D',&$! 4$! E.,'*1/! F$!G',2.7:! 71!&$',+1! 4$!.%! ',-;$%! #'2H%! 4$!71(! *'?71#-'%$(! @.$!
C1?-&1?1%!$(1(!B'%1(!)!4$!.%1!7$%;.1!214,$!4$!&'41(!$771(!1!71!@.$!($!7712:!!"#$%&'$(%$)*+,%,-)
I1(!($2$A1%B1(!$%&,$!$(&1(!7$%;.1(!($!$%#.$%&,1%!$%!J'#1?.71,-'!)!$(&,.#&.,1(!7-%;K+(&-#1(/!"(+6!*',!$A$2*7'6!
&-$%$%!$%!#'2H%!71!*171?,1!L7'?'L!)!71!*171?,1!L'('L6!*$,'!%'!#'%'#$%!)!%'!#'2*1,&$%!71!*171?,1!L#12$77'L!
'!L&-;,$L!'!L21,LM!$(!4$#-,6!4$(#'%'#+1%!71!G7',1!)!71!G1.%1!4$!*1+($(!#37-4'(6!71!*$(#1!)!$7!1,&$!4$!%1J$;1,!<!
*',! 7'! @.$! %'! *'4+1%! #'%'#$,! 71(! *171?,1(! 4$! $('(! #'%A.%&'(! ($23%&-#'(>/! E('! *$,2-&$! *$%(1,! @.$! ($!
$=&$%4+1%! 4$(4$! .%1! B'%1! 4$! E.,'*1! #'2*,$%4-41! 1*,'=-21412$%&$! $%&,$! $7! ,+'! N1%.?-'! )! 7'(! O'%&$!
P,17$(6!)!@.$6!*',!#1.(1(!4$(#'%'#-41(6!$%!$7!99!2-7$%-'!1/!Q/!$2*$B1,'%!1!$2-;,1,!C1#-1!'&,1(!&-$,,1(/!
!
D'!($!C1!77$;14'!1!4$(#.?,-,!71!$=-(&$%#-1!4$!.%!*.$?7'!4$!',-;$%!H%-#'6!(-%'!4$!;,.*'(!#'%!#1,1#&$,+(&-#1(!
#.7&.,17$(!($2$A1%&$(/!7,&93.9-5:3&2-&1.23-0435-3&-+&-U9,0+1D*>-.:-&91-.:H<1936!.%1!7$%;.1!4$!71?',1&',-'!
)!%'!.%1!7$%;.1!,$172$%&$!C1?71416!@.$!($!,$2'%&1!1!7'(!2-7$%-'(!9RS999/!
!!
G.!;3J=3`4b;L!6=!C=35>4"!;36L=>bL*=4".!
E7!%H#7$'!',-;-%1,-'!4$7!-/$/!G.$6!&17!J$B6!71!$(&$*1!4$!7'(!T-,;.-('(!<U1B1A(&1%!V##/!J$#-%'(!4$!71!#'2.%-414!
7-%;K+(&-#1!P,17'S"7&1-#1>!&17!J$B!('?,$!$7!W/XXX!1/$/!N$(4$!1C+!($!4-G.%4-:!*',!E.,'*1!#$%&,17!)!$7!F.,! 4$!
Y.(-1!4.,1%&$!$7!D$'7+&-#'6!)!71(!7$%;.1(!G.$,'%!#,-(&17-B1%4'!$%!7'(!4-(&-%&'(!*.$?7'(!1%&$(!4$7!Z/XXX!1/$/!
E7! 1($%&12-$%&'! 4$! 7'(! 4-(&-%&'(! ;,.*'(! 4-'! 7.;1,! 1! 7$%;.1(! #'%! ($2$A1%B1(! 23(! $(&,$#C1(6! $%&,$! 71(! @.$!
4$(&1#1%M!
[/!\,.*'!9DNV9Y"D9VM!
]!Q'2*,$%4$!4'(!,121(!*,-%#-*17$(M!
!^!71!-%4'S1,-1!<+%4-#1>M!7$%;.1(!C1?7141(!4$(4$!1%&$(!4$7![XXX!1/$/!$%!71!B'%1!4$!_1T-(&1%!)!$7!D!4$!71!9%4-16!
#'2'!$7!+L.+941:3/!F'%!7$%;.1(!4$,-J141(!1#&.17$(M!$7!C-%4-6!.,4H6!?$%;17+6!Y'21%+!<7$%;.1!4$!7'(!;-&1%'(>!
!^!71!-,1%-1M!4$(4$!$7!9!2-7$%-'!1/$/!71(!7$%;.1(!-,1%-1(!($!C1%!C1?714'!$%!9,1%!)!"G;1%-(&3%M!$7!*DM+:1936!)!$7!
*.:1/03&5-4+*6!7$%;.1!'`#-17!4$!N1,-'!96!a$,A$(!)!(.(!(.#$(',$(/!I$%;.1(!4$,-J141(!1#&.17$(!('%!$7!*$,(16!$7!
*1(C&'!<1G;1%'>6!T.,4'6///!
!
Z/!\,.*'!"YOED9VM!
]!I'(!1,2$%-'(!*.$?71%!71!B'%1!$(&$!4$!71!1#&.17!b.,@.+1!)!71!Y$*H?7-#1!4$!",2$%-1!4$(4$6!#'2'!2+%-2'6!$7!
(/!R9!1/$/6!*$,'!7'(!&$=&'(!1,2$%-'(!23(!1%&-;.'(!@.$!#'%($,J12'(!('%!4$7!(/R!4/$/!
!
!
!

!
V117@99ddd.7)20'.2)%9#$A0_.7V7W7(%#$( +&$A29#$A20&)2!
!
c/!\,.*'!bVQ"Y9VM!
]!"C',1!$=&-%;.-4'6!($!C1?7:!4.,1%&$!$7!*,-2$,!2-7$%-'!1/$/!$%!$7!1#&.17!b.,@.$(&3%!#C-%'/!F$!#'%'#$%!4'(!
7$%;.1(!4-G$,$%&$(M!$7!&'#1,-'!"!<b.,G1%->!)!$7!&'#1,-'!d!<U.#C$1%'>/!
!
e/!\,.*'!"D"bVI9VM!
]!"C',1&$=&-%;.-41(6!71(!7$%;.1(!1%1&'7-1(!($!C1?71?1%!4.,1%&$!$7!ZXXX!)!$7![XXX!1/$/!$%!71!B'%1!4$!71!1#&.17!
b.,@.+1!)!%',&$!4$!F+,-1/!
]!I1!23(!#'%'#-41!$(!$7!V1:1:*6!7$%;.1!'`#-17!4$7!92*$,-'!0-&&-&1!@.$!f',$#-:!4.,1%&$!$7!99!2-7$%-'6!#'%'#-41!
*',!&$=&'(!$(#,-&'(!$%!-+941:04*&90.-1<34>-!@.$!G.$,'%!4$(#-G,14'(!(1&-(G1#&',-12$%&$!$%![g[W/!
!
W/!\,.*'!0EIhD9QV!'!\Y9E\VM!
]!01?714'!$%!\,$#-1!4$(4$6!#'2'!2+%-2'6!$7![iXX!1/Q/6!*$,'!*'4,+1!($,!4$(4$!$7!999!2-7$%-'6!*.$(&'!@.$!71!
-%J1(-:%!-%4'$.,'*$1!($!41&1!C1#-1!$7!ZWXX!1/Q/!
]!I'!*'4$2'(!4-J-4-,!?3(-#12$%&$!$%!#.1&,'!/4053+&21*,-9:*,-+M!!
S;,.*'!1,#14'S#C-*,-'&16!$2*1,$%&14'!#'%!$7!1%&-;.'!2-#j%-#'!!!
!S;,.*'!4',-'!)!;,-$;'!4$7!%','$(&$M!C1?714'!$%!71!*$%+%(.71!4$7!_$7'*'%$('6!$7!DV!4$!\,$#-1!
)!.%1!B'%1!4$!"(-1!O$%',M!#',-%&-'6!71#'%-'6!4-17$#&'!4$!O$;1,16!#,$&$%($///!
!
!

S;,.*'!$'7-'6!C1?714'!$%!b$(17-1!)!d$'#-1!
S;,.*'!A:%-#'S3&-#'6!C1?714'!$%!71(!-(71(!4$7!E;$'6! $7!k&-#1!)!*1,&$!4$!"(-1!O$%',!<4$7!#.17!
4$,-J1!71!T'-%j6!$7!;,-$;'!?-B1%&-%'!)!$7!;,-$;'!2'4$,%'>!
]! I'(! &$=&'(! 23(! 1%&-;.'(! $(&3%! $(#,-&'(! $%! $7! (-71?1,-'! 2-#j%-#'! ,1.-*,& Q! <-4$%&-`#14'! )! 4$(#-G,14'! *',!
R$%&,-(lQC14m-#6![gWZ>!)!41&1%!*,'?1?7$2$%&$!4$7![eXX!1/$/!!
!
i/!\,.*'!9bkI9QVM!
]!E%!71!B'%1!4$!71!*$%+%(.71!-&37-#1M!71&+%6!'(#'!)!.2?,'/!I'(!&$=&'(!71&-%'(!23(!1%&-;.'(!('%!-%(#,-*#-'%$(!
4$7!(/!R9!1/Q/!
!
n/!\,.*'!\EYOkD9QVM!
]!_'4$2'(!4-J-4-,71(M!
^!o'%1!',-$%&17!<-%(#,-*#-'%$(!,H%-#1(>M!
! S!\:&-#'!<71!23(!1%&-;.1!#'%'#-41!$(!71!4$!7'(!J-(-;'4'(6!)!41&1!!4$7!(/!9R!1/!$/>!
! S!R3%417'/!
^!o'%1!'##-4$%&17M!
! S"%;7'(1A:%!<p./#)0"1/+234>6!@.$!$J'7.#-'%1!$%!-%;7j(/!
! S"%&-;.'!17$23%6!4$7!@.$!4$,-J1!$7!1#&.17!17$23%/!
! S"%&-;.'!?1A'!17$23%!!<1%&-;.'!!(1A:%>6!@.$!$J'7.#-'%1!$%!(1A:%6!C'71%4j(////!
!^!o'%1!%:,4-#1!<-%(#,-*#-'%$(!,H%-#1(>M!
! S9(71%4j(6!%',.$;'6!(.$#'!)!41%j(/!
!
q/!\,.*'!QEIb"M!
]! N.,1%&$! 71(! H7&-21(! #$%&.,-1(! 1%&$,-',$(! 17! #,-(&-1%-(2'! ($! C1?7:! $%! .%! 3,$1! ?1(&1%&$! $=&$%(16! 4$(4$! 71!
_$%+%(.71!9?j,-#1!)!\,1%!d,$&151!C1(&1!7'(!d17#1%$(6!)!1!"(-1!2$%',/!
]!_'4$2'(!4-J-4-,7'!$%M!
!! ^Q$7&1!-%(.71,!<_1+(!4$!\17$(6!E(#'#-1!$!9,71%41>/!
!! ^Q$7&1!#'%&-%$%&17!<\17j(6!$=&-%;.-4'!$7!(/!9!1/!Q/6!(:7'!#'%'#-4'!*',!&'*:%-2'(!$!-%(#,-*#-'%$(>/!
!
g/!\,.*'!d"IbVSEFI"RVM!
I1!#'C$(-:%!4$7!;,.*'!$(!#'%&,'J$,&-416!*',!7'!@.$!17;.%'(!$(&.4-'(!7'(!4-J-4$%!$%!71!,121!?37&-#1!)!71!,121!
$(71J1//!_,'?1?7$2$%&$!$7!$(*1#-'!'#.*14'!*',!7'(!$(71J'(!$,1!*$@.$5'6!&17!J$B!(:7'!$7!(.,!4$!_'7'%-16!*$,'!1!
*1,&-,!4$7!(/!R!1/$/!71(!7$%;.1(!$(71J1(!#'2$%B1,'%!.%1!;,1%!$=*1%(-:%!@.$!7$(!77$J:!1!($,!C1?7141(!1C',1!$%!
&'4'!$7!$(&$!4$!E.,'*1!)!%',&$!4$!"(-1/!E%!#12?-'6!71(!?37&-#1(!C1%!@.$414'!#'%`%141(!$%!71(!,$*H?7-#1(!4$!
I-&.1%-1!)!I$&'%-1/!
!
B?.!5)&72!;Ceb;<L@!
C(!)(+(!;'\)#-(!2!4'R($0,(!A(1()\(!A0'!;!+#'0$#2!(.0.!
!
!

,-./0')&'%!$',)%'+$.$!+#$*)"!%/0+#$',)%'+#1$
!
E%&,$!71(!7$%;.1(!-%4'$.,'*$1(6!$7!;,-$;'!*,$($%&1!7'(!,$;-(&,'(!23(!1%&-;.'(6!&1%&'!$%!7$%;.1!%'!7-&$,1,-1!<71(!
&1?7-771(!2-#j%-#1(!4$!(/!89R!1/$/>!#'2'!$%!7$%;.1!7-&$,1,-1!<7'(!*'$21(!C'2j,-#'(!4$7!(/R999!1/$/>/!E%!7'(!
4'#.2$%&'(! 1%&-;.'(! ($! 14J-$,&$! )1! 71! >*204-O& 1.:-,-9:0*,& 4$7! *.$?7'! ;,-$;'6! 17#1%B141! %'! (:7'! *',! (.!
;$%-'!-%%%1&'6!(-%'!&12?-j%!*',!(.!#1*1#-414!*1,1!1(-2-71,!)!,$#,$1,6!43%4'7$(!(.!-2*,'%&16!7'(!C1771B;'(!)!
4$(#.?,-2-$%&'(!4$!7'(!23(!1J1%B14'(!*.$?7'(!O$4-&$,,3%$'(/!
_'4$2'(!,$#'%(&,.-,!71!$J'7.#-:%!4$!71!7$%;.1!;,-$;1!1!7'!71,;'!4$!.%'(!cWXX!15'(!$%!71(!G1($(!(-;.-$%&$(M!
!
! [/!9%J1(-:%!-%4'$.,'*$16!17,$4$4',!4$7!ZWXX!1/$/!
! Z/!Q-J-7-B1#-:%!#,$&$%($!)!#-J-7-B1#-:%!2-%'-#1M!$%&,$!7'(!15'(!ZXXX!)![XXX!1*,'=/!
! c/!h*'#1!C-(&:,-#1M!4-G$,$%#-1#-:%!4$!4-17$#&'(6!1*,'=-21412$%&$!1!*1,&-,!4$7!(/!R9!1/$!
! e/!U'-%jM!.%-G-#1#-:%!4$!4-17$#&'(6!*,';,$(-J12$%&$!4$(4$!1*,'=/!$7!(/!9R!1/$/!
!
E7! 23(! 1%&-;.'! &$(&-2'%-'! 4$! 71! 7$%;.1! ;,-$;1! $(! $7! >19M.1936! @.$! ($! 4$(#.?,-:! $%! .%1! &1?7-771(! 4$! ?1,,'!
$%#'%&,141(!$%!O-#$%1(!)!'&,'(!7.;1,$(!4$!\,$#-16!G$#C141(!C1#-1!$7!(/89R!1/$//!r.$,'%!4$(#-G,141(!*',!7'(!
-%;7$($(!R$%&,-(!)!QC14m-#Ts!$(!.%!(-(&$21!;,3G-#'!4$!&-*'!(-73?-#'!<$7!7-%$17!d>!@.$!($!&'2:!*,$(&14'!4$7!
.(14'!*',!7'(!#,$&$%($(/!_'(&$,-',2$%&$!7'(!;,-$;'(!.&-7-B1,'%!.%!17G1?$&'!4$,-J14'!4$7!G$%-#-'/!
!
01(&1!$7!(/999!%'!$=-(&-:!.%1!7$%;.1!;,-$;1!.%-G-#1416!(-%'!.%1!($,-$!4$!4-17$#&'(/!"%&-;.12$%&$!($!$=*7-#1?1!
71! !"#$%&'#$"(#&")*! 2$4-1%&$! .%1! ($,-$! 4$! -%J1(-'%$(! 4$! *.$?7'(! 4$! 71! 7$%;.1! ;,-$;16! *$,'! $(&1! &$',+1! $(!
$,,:%$16!*.$(&'!@.$!-2*7-#1!@.$!7'(!4-17$#&'(!$(&1,+1%!)1!#'%(&-&.-4'(!G.$,1!4$!\,$#-1/!E%!71!1#&.17-414!(:7'!
($! 1#$*&1! .%1! -%J1(-:%6! 71! 4$! 7'(! 4',-'(6! @.$! *1,$#$! @.$! (+! $(&3! 1&$(&-;.141/! I1(! 7$%;.1(! 1%&$,-',$(! 1! $(&1!
-%J1(-:%! ($,+1%! 71! 4$! 7'(! ;,.*'(! A:%-#'S3&-#'! )! 1,#14'S#C-*,-'&16! #'%! %.2$,'(1(! 1G-%-414$(! $%&,$! (+s! $%! $7!
$=&,$2'!'*.$(&'!$(&1,+1%!7'(!4-17$#&'(!4',-'(6!4$!7'(!@.$!7'(!$'7-'(!($,+1%!.%1!,12-G-#1#-:%!21,;-%17/!
"(+6!$%!4$G-%-&-J16!(:7'!C1?,+1!4'(!;,1%4$(!#'%A.%&'(!4-17$#&17$(M!
S! 4-17$#&'(! 2$,-4-'%17$(M! #'%! $7! ,$(&'! 1,#1-#'! 4$7! 1,#14'S#C-*,-'&1! )! $7! 4$(1,,'77'! %.$J'! )!
J-;','('!4$7!A:%-#'S3&-#'!
S!4-17$#&'(!($*&$%&,-'%17$(6!#'%!7'(!,$(&'(!21,;-%17$(!4$!7'(!4-17$#&'(!$'7-'(6!)!$7!;,.*'! 23(!
,$#-$%&$!4$!7'(!4-17$#&'(!4:,-#'(!)!4$7!%','$(&$6!@.$!-%#7.('!1!'A'(!4$!7'(!;,-$;'(!($!'*'%+1%!!
#71,12$%&$!17!A:%-#'S3&-#'/!
!
E7! 4-17$#&'! 3&-#'6! #'%! 2'4-G-#1#-'%$(! ('?,$! &'4'! A'%-1(6! 4-'! 7.;1,! 1! 71! W31.M! '! 7$%;.1! #'2H%6! @.$! 1#1?:!
-2*'%-j%4'($! #'2'! 7$%;.1! 'G-#-17! $%! &'4'! $7! O$4-&$,,3%$'! ',-$%&17! )! $7! 92*$,-'! G',214'! *',! "7$A1%4,'!
O1;%'!<cciScZc!1/$/>/!E%!j*'#1!,'21%1!<4$7!cZc!17!ieZ!4/$/!G$#C1!4$!71!&'21!4$!"7$A1%4,+1!*',!7'(!3,1?$(>!
71!T'-%j!($!.&-7-B:!#'2'!7$%;.1!4$!#.7&.,1!)!*'(&$,-',2$%&$!G.$!71!7$%;.1!'G-#-17!4$7!92*$,-'!d-B1%&-%'!<(/!R!
17![eWc!4/$/6!G$#C1!4$!71!&'21!4$!Q'%(&1%&-%'*71!*',!7'(!&.,#'(>/!N.,1%&$!71!'#.*1#-:%!&.,#1!<C1(&1![qZ6!15'!
!
!

4$! 71! \.$,,1! 4$! 71! 9%4$*$%4$%#-1! ;,-$;1>! 7'(! ;,-$;'(! *-$,4$%! (.! #.7&.,1! *,'*-1! *1,1! 4$G-%-,($! #1(-!
$=#7.(-J12$%&$!*',!(.!,$7-;-:%s!71!J-41!-%&$7$#&.17!$(&.J'!4'2-%141!*',!71!9;7$(-1!',&'4'=16!#'%!.%1!21)',+1!
4$! *'?71#-:%! -%#.7&16! 7'! @.$! -2*7-#1!71! *'?,$B1! 4$! 71!7$%;.1! C1?7141!*1,1! $=*,$(1,! #'%#$*&'(!1?(&,1#&'(! )!
#-$%&+G-#'(/!
!
E%! 71! 1#&.17-4146! 7'(! ;,-$;'(! 4-(&-%;.$%! 4'(! G',21(! 4$! 7$%;.1! 71! LT1&C1,jJ.(1L! </+5(+6>6! .&-7-B141!
G.%412$%&172$%&$!$%!4'#.2$%&'(!'G-#-17$(6!)!71!L4-2'&-T+L!<($(&/6'-!@.$!$(!71!7$%;.1!C1?7141/!N$(4$![/gnW!
71!Q'%(&-&.#-:%!;,-$;1!$(&1?7$#$!#'2'!7$%;.1!'G-#-17!4$7!E(&14'!$7!4$2:&-#'6!*$,'!$%!,$17-414!($!&,1&1!23(!4$!
.%1!4$#71,1#-:%!4$!-%&$%#-'%$(!@.$!4$!.%1!#'%(&1&1#-:%!6!*.$(!1%&$,-',2$%&$!($!C1?+1!G',214'!.%1!Q'2-(-:%!
@.$! ,$41#&:! .%! N-##-'%1,-'! 4$! 71! I$%;.1! ;,-$;1! @.$! -%#7.+1! 71! 7$%;.1! #.7&1! 1,#1-#1! <76836'9:&26>! )! 71!
*'*.71,/!F$!#,$$!;$%$,172$%&$!@.$!71!,-;-4$B!4$7!;'?-$,%'!*1,1!-2*'%$,!$7!4$2:&-#'!$(!&1%!&-,3%-#1!#'2'!71(!
*,$&$%(-'%$(! 4$! '&,'(! 4$! -2*'%$,! 71! kaqareuovusa/! ".&',$(! #'%&$2*',3%$'(! (17*-#1%! #'%&-%.12$%&$! (.(!
&$=&'(!#'%!1,#1+(2'(!@.$!-2*-41%!71!*j,4-41!4$!4$&$,2-%14'(!J17',$(!4$!71!7$%;.1!1,#1-#1/!
!
!
G_G\.-.-YU>'
[/! 01B!.%!$(@.$21!4$!71(!G-#C1(![!)!Z/!
Z/! NEr9DEM!T'-%j6!T1&C1,jJ.(16!4$2:&-#'/!
!

!
V117@992-d.&$#-($.0,9V&+($#A(A0,9V#,12)#(fA0'f7)2_#+2f2)#0$109+2A&'2fI9A#/&,#2$fA0f
'(,f/2)+(,fA#('0-1('0,,,
,
!
!

2)/3"$41$%!$"!2"5%0+$',)%'+1$0,"&#/,)-/)6&1$
!
I1!$(#,-&.,1!(.,;-:!$%!71(!('#-$414$(!.,?1%-B141(/!!
!
QG/V117@99ddd.,'#A0,V()0.$019='0$(5(''()A29'(f0,-)#1&)(fFf0'f('/(R012f#f,#,10+(,fA0f0,-)#1&)(f
MNIINQP!
!
t!!#'2*7$&1!71!-%G',21#-:%!#'%!71!($;.%41!*1,&$M!
V117@99ddd.,'#A0,V()0.$019='0$(5(''()A29,272)10,f0,-)#1&()#2,fV(,1(f'(f#$E0$-#$fA0f'(f
#+7)0$1(!!
!
E7!(-(&$21!23(!1%&-;.'!@.$!#'%($,J12'(!$(!$7!4$!7'(!(.2$,-'(6!@.$!C1?-&1,'%!O$('*'&12-1!4$(4$!2$4-14'(!
4$7!9R!2-7$%-'/!!

!!!!!! !
I'(!*,-%#-*17$(!(-(&$21(!4$!$(#,-&.,1!C1%!(-4'!7'(!(-;.-$%&$(M!
[/! E(#,-&.,1! *-#&';,3G-#1! $!-4$';,3G-#1M! #141! (-;%'! (-2?'7-B1! .%! #'%#$*&'! '! -4$1! )! ,$*,$($%&1! .%1! *171?,16!
#'2'! 7'(! A$,';7+G-#'(! $;-*#-'(! '! 71! $(#,-&.,1! #C-%1! #'%&$2*',3%$1/! F$! *.$4$! #'2*,$%4$,! '! -%&$,*,$&1,! .%!
(-;%'!1H%!(-%!(1?$,!(.!*,'%.%#-1#-:%/!
Z/!E(#,-&.,1!(-73?-#1M!$%&,$![WXX!)!$7![XXX!1/$/!C.?'!4-J$,(1(!&$%&1&-J1(!4$!#,$1,!.%!%.$J'!&-*'!4$!$(#,-&.,1!
#'%!$7!G-%!4$!C1#$,71!23(!G7.-41!)!,$4.#-,!$7!%H2$,'!4$!(-;%'(!;,3G-#'(/!E%!$7!32?-&'!;,-$;'!&$%$2'(!$7!7-%$17!
"!'!$(#,-&.,1!#,$&$%($!<(/!8R9!1/Q/6!1H%!%'!4$(#-G,141>6!$7!7-%$17!d!'!$(#,-&.,1!2-#j%-#1!<(/!89R!1/Q/>!)!7'(!
(-71?1,-'(!#C-*,-'&1(!<(/!R999!1/Q/>!
c/! E(#,-&.,1!17G1?j&-#1M! $%!71! @.$!#141! (-;%'! ,$*,$($%&1! .%!G'%$21/! _$,2-&$! 21)',! ;,14'! 4$! 1?(&,1##-:%! )!
'(#-71%!$%&,$!71(!ZX!)!71(!cW!7$&,1(/!!
E7!*,<*=-:3&/41-/3&@.$!J12'(!1!.&-7-B1,6!4$,-J14'!4$7!17G1?$&'!G$%-#-'6!$(!$7!14'*&14'!$%!"&$%1(!1!G-%17$(!4$7!
(/R! 1/$/! )! @.$! ($! G.$! -2*'%-$%4'! *,';,$(-J12$%&$! $%! &'4'! $7! 2.%4'! ;,-$;'/! I$%&1(! $J'7.#-'%$(! &.J-$,'%!
#'2'!,$(.7&14'!71!7712141!$(#,-&.,1!2-%H(#.716!*,$($%&$!$%!7'(!21%.(#,-&'(!?-B1%&-%'(!4$(4$!*,-%#-*-'(!4$7!
(/98!4/Q/!)!4$!71!@.$!*,'J-$%$%!71(!2-%H(#.71(!4$!71!&-*';,1G+1!1#&.17/!

!!
V117@99ddd.[0$,2$R'2%.-2+9G??P9?B9GI9A0/#$#-#2$fA0f'(f'01)(9!
!
!

I1(!7$&,1(!($!#71(-G-#1%!$%!RVQ"IEF!<?,$J$(!)!71,;1(>6!QVDFVD"DbEF!<'#7.(-J1(!<71?-176!J$71,6!4$%&17>6!
(-7?1%&$6! %1(17u>! )! FVD"DbEF! <7'(! G'%$21(! @.$! *.$4$%! ,$17-B1,! G.%#-'%$(! 4$! J'#17! '! 4$! #'%('%1%&$!
($;H%!$7!#'%&$=&'>/!E%!;,-$;'!('%!('%1%&$(!71(!%1(17$(6!71(!7+@.-41(!)!71(!J'#17$(!-'&1!$!+*(-7'%/!
!
!"#$"%$&!'(#)*+!)(#
T*8X+9(& T1.X+9(& Y-+941591@.& Z3>=4-& K3.123& ?4*.+9415[
91@.&
A a J'#17!1?-$,&1! %,<*& 6) 1!
B B '#7.(-J1!71?-17! =-:*& ;) ?!
G g '#7.(-J1!J$71,!('%',1! /*>>*& 1&) ;lA!s!%!
D d '#7.(-J1!4$%&17!(',41! 2-,:*& #) 4!
E e J'#17!-%&$,2$4-1! -5+1,3.& %) $!
Z z G,-#1&-J1!(-?-71%&$! 2+-:*& #2) B!
H h J'#17!71,;1!1?-$,&1! -:*& %) $!
Q q '#7.(/!4$%&17!(',41!1(*! O-:*& <) &Cl&!
I i\& ('%1%&$S!J'#17!#$,,141! 13:*& +) -!
K k '#7.(/!J$71,!(',41! ! W*55*& 7) #6!@.!
L l ('%1%&$!7+@.-41! ,*>=2*& /) 7!
M m ('%1%&$!%1(17!!71?-17! >1& 5) 2!
N n ('%1%&$!%1(17!*171&17! .1& ") %!
X x *($.4'1G,-#141! U1& =2) =!
O o R'#17!-%$,2$4-1! 3>1943.& $) '!
P p V#7.(-J1!71?-17!(',41! 51& () *!
R r F'%1%&$!J-?,1%&$! 4V3& ') ,Cl,!
S s ! -" (-?-71%&$!('%',1! +1/>*& 2) (!
T t '#7.(/!4$%&17!(',41! :*0& 8) &!
U u\\& ('%1%&$SJ'#17!#$,,141! H5+1,3.& >)??) -!
F f '#7.(/!71?-17!(',41!1(*/! <1& @) *ClG!
C c '#7.(/!J$71,!(',41!1(*! ]1& A) TCl#l!@.!
Y y *($.4'1G,-#141! 5+1& (2) *(!
W w J'#17!71,;1!1?-$,&1! C>-/*& $) '!
WL, a, #, i, X, a/, Y, h, #, i, X, h/, Y, w, #, i, X, w/., 8%, -7'%S, *;, *9'*, =%97S, 9*, 4*;7.-;%, -7'%, 9129=&-'%(, J;, Z'-=7, 4*3>, 4*,
)&7;1;=-%&9*,*;,*:,9(OO,%(H(,
WWL,au, eu,9*,:**;,[%1\S,[*1\(,,
ou,],[1\(,J;,:79,4*.Z9,=%979,:%,@)9-:7;,91*;%,=7.7,1;%,[^\,+&%;=*9%(,
!
01)!14$23(!215:3./3+6!'!($16!;,.*'(!4$!4'(!J'#17$(!*,'%.%#-141(!$%!.%1!2-(21!$2-(-:%!4$!J'BM!
1>!4$!*,-2$,!$7$2$%&'!?,$J$M!ai, ei, oi, au, eu, ou, ui.
?>!4$!*,-2$,!$7$2$%&'!71,;'M!a/, h/, w/, hu.!!
!
I1!21)',+1!4$!71(!*171?,1(!;,-$;1(!$(&3%!21,#141(!#'%!(-;%'(!('?,$!71(!7$&,1(/!N$!$('(!(-;%'(!#'%'#$(!7'(!
*9-.:3+^!#-,#.%G7$A'!<a'! >6!1;.4'!<av >!)!;,1J$!<!a;! >/!E7!1#$%&'!;,-$;'!$(!2.(-#17M!71!J'B!($!C1#$!.%1!@.-%&1!
&'%17!23(!17&1!$%!71!(+71?1!1#$%&.141/!!
!
I'(!'&,'(!(-;%'(!('%!771214'(!-+5H41:0+M!
S!$(*+,-&.!3(*$,'!<!aJ!>!6!G'%$21!@.$!($!*,'%.%#-1!#'2'!.%1!1(*-,1#-:%!#'2'!$%!$7!-%;7j(!LC'.($L/!
S!$(*+,-&.!(.1J$!<!aj>!(-%!-%G7.$%#-1!$%!71!*,'%.%#-1#-:%/!
!
b'41! *171?,1! @.$! $2*-$B1! *',! J'#176! 4-*&'%;'! '! ,C'! 77$J1! %$#$(1,-12$%&$! .%! $(*+,-&./! I1!
+*(-7'%!-%-#-17!)!71!,C'!77$J1%!(-$2*,$!$(*+,-&.!3(*$,'/!
Q.1%4'! 7'(! 1#$%&'(! '! 7'(! $(*+,-&.(! ,$#1$%! ('?,$! .%! 4-*&'%;'6! ($! #'7'#1%! (-$2*,$! ('?,$! 71!
($;.%41!7$&,1/!!
!
!

!"#
!"#$%&'()*(&*+&#)*
*
[/! )--!$%!J'B!17&1!71(!(-;.-$%&$(!*171?,1(!*,'#.,1%4'!G-A1,&$!$%!71!(-&.1#-:%!4$7!1#$%&'!$%!#141!
.%16!#:*-171(!$%!21)H(#.71(!$!-%&$%&1!,$#'%'#$,!71!&,1%(#,-*#-:%!$%!$(*15'7!<'A'M!&,1%(#,-*#-:%!)!
&,14.##-:%!^(-;%-G-#14'S!%'!('%!7'!2-(2'>M!

a[ggelo" AGGELOS A+2*0"$ genealogiva


aujtovnomo" $ hJdonhv
gumnavsion $ livqo"
ejnneva $ w{ra
kavqarsi" $ uJpovqesi"
nuvmfh $ parabolhv
rjuqmov" $ maniva
fuvsi" $ qevrmh
jAqh'nai $ e[legco"
bakthriva $ grafikov"
gunaivko" $ ajntivdosi"
zw'/on $ paidagwgov"
kaqevdra $ deuterologiva
ojfqalmov" $ wjkeanov"
sumpaqhv" $ suntavxi"
yuxikov" $ ajndrovguno"

Z/! !E7!1#$%&'!)!$7!$(*+,-&.!*.$4$%!&$%$,!*$,&-%$%#-1!($23%&-#1M!G+A1&$!$%!7'(!(-;.-$%&$(!*1,$(!4$!
*171?,1(/!Ij$71(!C1#-$%4'!C-%#1*-j!$%!$7!7.;1,!4$7!1#$%&'!)!#:*-171(!$%!21)H(#.71(/!
a[lla - ajllav (!"#$%&'!%$%&(&)*#!"$$$$$$$$$$$bivo" - biov" #+,-$($#'!" la'o"-laov"$.-*&/$&),*-#$&(&)0*1/!2&
larov"- lavro" #-*/,',!%!(&3$+,!"$"$$$$$$$$$$$$eij" - ei|" #4$',$&(&05!"$$$$$$$$w{ra - w[ra .'0,-$-!&(&4!#$2&
nevw" - newv" ##*',*5"*6*5"*(-*&/$&5$+*2&ejn - e{n #*5&(&05$&'!%$" cei'ro"-cei'ron .-*&/$&6$5!&(&)*!#2
,
c/!!!"4$23(6!C1)!*171?,1(!@.$6!(-$%4'!G'%j&-#12$%&$!*1,$#-41(6!%'!('%!-;.17$(/!I$$!71(!(-;.-$%&$(!*1,$A1(M!
a[gro"!=%.)7,/,ajkrov",%<147, a{li",91+-=-*;'*,,/,,a[lu"!%<-'%=->;,
, bevlo"!,4%&47,,- bhlov"!,1.2&%:, kalov",_*&.797,,/!kavllo",,2*::*`%,
, kou'fo",,:-<*&7,/,,kwfov"!,-;*+-=%`, lavcno",,:%;%,,/,lavco"!,4*9'-;7,
, levgw ,4*=-&,/,!lhvgw,,=*9%&, maivnw,*9'%&,:7=7/!mevnw,,)*&.%;*=*&,
, nevw"!&*=-*;'*.*;'*,,/!nevo"!,376*;, cavlux,,%=*&7,,/,!kavlux,,=Z9=%&%(,
,
e/!vw.-j%!$(!@.-j%x!
, [Agamevmnwn [Atla" Bowvth" Gh'
Diovnuso" JElevnh Eujrwvph Zhvnwn
{Hra JHrovdoto" Qemistoklevh" Qhseuv"
[Ikaro" JIppokravth" Kaluywv Ku'ro"
Laomevdwn Lukou'rgo" Menevlaw" Mhdeiva
Xevrxe" Oijdivpou" jOrevsth" Pavri"
JReva Seirhvn Sfivgx Tavntalo"
!
!

JUavkinqo" Yammhvtiko" Yicavrpax jWkeanov"


,
W/!!E(#,-?$!#'%!2-%H(#.71(!7'(!%'2?,$(!4$!7'(!4-'($(!'7+2*-#'(M!
, ZEUS POSEIDWN
HRA DHMHTHR
ERMHS ARHS
AFRODITH ESTIA
APOLLWN HFAISTOS
AQHNA ARTEMIS
,
i/!IEE!$7!(-;.-$%&$!G,1;2$%&'!$%!J'B!17&1/!I.$;'6!#:*-17'!$%!21)H(#.71(!)!$%!2-%H(#.71(/!!
!
!"#$ %&'$ ()%*$ +,-./0'$ 1223'-45'6$ 0)47$ .8$ !'$ 9":0;<=$ !'>,?@,$ "A:$ !'$ >0;<$
9":0;<$ "(B:"5<$ >-<$ C:DEF225<$ !E>-'6$ G<$ "(B:"(;$ 4,*$ HI(-$ IB:/0'=$ J:K$
!:B>L<6$>/<$%M'$!"N6$>/<$.O$P$C:DEF220<Q$2&"B$.R6$>&4'0'$"D:$()%-$!"#$>0?$
C:,ES220FT$ 4,*$ %U'$ V22,$ "($ HI(-$ >&4',$ P$ C:DEF220<=$ 4,*$ "A:$ !"N$ ()%-$
>&4'0'$ ,W>0?6$ 4,*$ HIB$ 9.(2X5'$ >($ 4,*$ 9.(2XR'=$ Y'0%DZ0FE-$ .O$ !%M$ %M'$
C:,ES%,I0'6$ >['$ .O$ 9.(2X['$ Y'0%DZ0FE-'$ C:,ESE>0%0'6$ >U'$ .O$ 9.(2XU'$
12&'3'$ Y'0%DZ0FE-'T$ !E%M'$ 0\'$ >&4',$ >0?$ C:,ES220F6$ !E%M'$ .M$ 4,*$ >]<$
^W:F./43<$>&4',T$
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
,
,
,
n/!b,1(7141!17!21*1!2.4'!7'(!(-;.-$%&$(!%'2?,$(!;$';,3G-#'(!)!&,1%(#,+?$7'(M!
!
! jAqh'nai Spavrth Peloponnhvso"
Krhvth Kuklavde" I[ lion
Aijgeuv" [Olumpo" Mukhvnh.
!
!

V117@99Af+(7,.-2+9-()10.7V7W'#R %)0-#(g($1#%&(g+(7(h$&+g-() BQOQh'($% 0,


!
!

2)/3"$71$!+#$/"#+#$*%$!"$*%/!)&"/)6&$',)%'"$
'
I1(! *171?,1(! *.$4$%! ($,! D*41*=,-+! <%'2?,$(! @.$! 4$#7-%1%! S(.(&/6! 14A/6! *,'%/! )! %.2$,17$(S! )! J$,?'(! @.$!
#'%A.;1%>!$!-%J1,-1?7$(!<14J/6!*,$*/!)!#'%A/>!!
!
FLEXIÓN: PROCESO MORFOLÓGICO E7! ;,-$;'! $(! .%1! 7$%;.1! <,-U1D*/! E(&'!
que, mediante procedimientos de (-;%-G-#1! @.$! 4$%&,'! 4$! 71! G,1($! 71(!
AFIJACIÓN, no da lugar a palabras G.%#-'%$(! 4$! 71(! *171?,1(! ('%! -%4-#141(!
diferentes sino a formas diferentes de una *',!71!G',21!@.$!14'*&1!71!*171?,1!)!*',!$7!
misma palabra. Sobre una RAÍZ se añaden A.$;'! 4$! 71(! *,$*'(-#-'%$(6! 2.#C'! 23(!
las diferentes DESINENCIAS, que expresan 4$(1,,'7714'!@.$!$%!71&+%/!!
significados intrínsecos (pluralidad, tiempo !
verbal...) y gramaticales (concordancia, "(+6!*'4$2'(!4$G-%-,!71!5*,*=4*&/41-/*!<)!
función sintáctica...). La FLEXIÓN puede 71! *171?,1! 71&-%1>! #'2'! .%1! (+%&$(-(! 4$!
ser NOMINAL o VERBAL. (-;%-G-#14'! SJ17',! ($23%&-#'S! )! G.%#-:%! S!
J17',!;,121&-#17/!!
!
!
I1(!4-J$,(1(!J1,-1%&$(!@.$!*.$4$!&'21,!.%!7$=$21!*1,1!,$17-B1,!71(!4-(&-%&1(!G.%#-'%$(!('%!7'(!9*+3+!@.$6!$%!
;,-$;'!('%!#-%#'/!
! !
_R"7_C& "ZYC7`RCS7C& )%?aZ&
Z3>1.*:1D3& D'2-%1&-J'! D'2-%1&-J'!
b39*:1D3& R'#1&-J'! R'#1&-J'!
%90+*:1D3& "#.(1&-J'! "#.(1&-J'!
_-.1:1D3& \$%-&-J'! \$%-&-J'!
& "?71&-J'! "?71&-J'!
& 9%(&,.2$%&17! !
& I'#1&-J'! !
Y*:1D3& N1&-J'! N1&-J'!
!
E7! #'%A.%&'! 4$! #1('(! 4$! .%1! *171?,1! #'%(&-&.)$! (.! 2-9,1.*91@./! Q141! #1('! (.$7$! 77$J1,! .%! $7$2$%&'!
#1,1#&$,+(&-#'6!.%!(.G-A'!'!&$,2-%1#-:%!#'%!.%!(-;%-G-#14'!1?(&,1#&'!@.$!($!1514$!17!&$21!4$!71!*171?,1!)!@.$!
#1,1#&$,-B1! 71! G.%#-:%! 4$! 71! 2-(21! 4$%&,'! 4$! 71! ',1#-:%/! N$! .%1! 21%$,1! 2.)! (-2*7-G-#1416! *'4$2'(!
$(&1?7$#$,!71!(-;.-$%&$!,$71#-:%M!
!
! D'2-%1&-J'! F.A$&'!l!"&,-?.&'! B$)
! R'#1&-J'! 9%&$,*$71#-:%! S!
! "#.(1&-J'! V?A$&'!N-,$#&'!<VN>! 5%)
! \$%-&-J'! Q'2*7$2$%&'!4$7!%'2?,$!<QD>! #%)5C))
! N1&-J'! V?A$&'!9%4-,$#&'!<V9>! 6)5CD)!!!
!
E%! #.1%&'! 1! 71! G.%#-:%! 4$! Q'2*7$2$%&'! Q-,#.%(&1%#-17! <EE>6! )1! C$2'(! ($51714'! $7! ;,1%! 4$(1,,'77'! @.$!
17#1%B1%!71(!*,$*'(-#-'%$(/!E=-(&$%!54-53+1913.-+!4$!;$%-&-J'6!41&-J'!)!1#.(1&-J'6!4$!2'4'!@.$!$(&'(!&,$(!
#1('(!*'4,3%!77$;1,!1!$=*,$(1,!$(&$!&-*'!4$!,$71#-'%$(!1.%@.$!%'!77$J$%!71!*,$*'(-#-:%/!
!
N$#7-%1%! $%! ;,-$;'! 71(! 2-(21(! *171?,1(! @.$! $%! 71&+%M! (.(&1%&-J'(6! 14A$&-J'(! <-%#7.)$%4'! 7'(! *1,&-#-*-'(>! )!
*,'%'2?,$(!14$23(!4$7!1,&+#.7'!4$&$,2-%14'!@.$!(+!$=-(&$!$%!;,-$;'/!!
01)!&,$(!;j%$,'(6!&,$(!%H2$,'(!)!&,$(!('%!71(!4$#7-%1#-'%$(/!
S*,-2$,1!4$#7-%1#-:%M!&$21!$%!S1!
S($;.%41!4$#7-%1#-:%M!&$21!$%!!S'!
S&$,#$,1!4$#7-%1#-:%M!&$21!$%!#'%('%1%&$6!$%!S-!!)!$%!S./!
!
!

I1(!4$#7-%1#-'%$(!($!,$#'%'#$%!*',!$7!&$21!4$!#141!.%1!4$!$771(!)!*',!(.!;$%-&-J'!(-%;.71,/!I'(!!(.(&1%&-J'(!
($!$%.%#-1%!$%!4'(!#1('(6!%'2-%1&-J'!)!;$%-&-J'!(-%;.71,6!(-$%4'!$7!;$%-&-J'!$7!@.$!%'(!41!$7!J$,414$,'!&$21!
4$!71(!*171?,1(!)6!*',!&1%&'6!$7!@.$!4-(&-%;.$!71(!4$#7-%1#-'%$(/!
!
!
G_G\.-.-YU',-./0'I'
'
B.!!6=8;3=@!
!
f6=<C;34<;c3!
f6=";3=3<;4!
f<4"L!
!
G.!S`2A(,!'(,!7('(R)(,!%)#0%(,!,2$!/'0_#E(,W!
!
!
H.!S<D+2!,0!)0-2$2-0!'(!A0-'#$(-#D$!(!'(!i&0!70)10$0-0!&$!,&,1($1#E2W!
!
!
I.!S<&^$1(,!A0-'#$(-#2$0,!1#0$0!0'!%)#0%2W!!
!
!
M.!S<&^$12,!%U$0)2,!V(F!0$!%)#0%2W!
!
!
N.! S<D+2! ,0! 0$&$-#($! '2,! ,&,1($1#E2,W! X=,! A0-#)Y! S-D+2! '2,! 7&0A0,! 0$-2$1)()! 0$! 0'!
E2-(R&'()#2!7()(!,(R0)!,&!,#%$#/#-(A2WZ!
!
O.!S"0!0$&$-#($!#%&('!'2,!(A[01#E2,W!
!
!
!
!
!
!
2)/3"$81$!"$+,"/)6&$$/+-(!"0)9"$.$%!$&+:)&"0)9+$
!
E7!%'2-%1&-J'!$(!$7!#1('!4$7!(.A$&'!)!$7!1&,-?.&'6!*$,'!&12?-j%!4$!71!1*'(-#-:%!4$!(.A$&'6!$7!*,$4-#1&-J'!4$!
(.A$&'!)!7'(!$*+&$&'(/!
"#$!%#!&'(&#)!*%!;<=>;?@>A<!*+!*%!,'+#!-.*!/#$0'!%'+!#$',1#(*+!,#2.%'&13'+4!
!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!">]=`L!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!4`b;j>`L!
L).!<27! !ffffffffffffffff!!k!!!!J0)R2!-27&'(1#E2!!k!!ffffffffffffff
ff!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!32+.!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!32+.!
!
E%&,$! $7! (.A$&'! )! $7! 1&,-?.&'! C1?,3! .%1! #'%#',41%#-1!4$! ;j%$,'! )! %H2$,'! )6! 1! (.! J$B6! $7! J$,?'! #'*.71&-J'!
#'%#$,&1,3!#'%!$7!(.A$&'!$%!%H2$,'!)!*$,('%1//!
!
!

I1! ',1#-:%! 1&,-?.&-J1! *.$4$! ($,! #'*.71&-J16! #'2'! C$2'(! J-(&'6! *$,'! &12?-j%! C1)! $%! ;,-$;'! 71(! 7712141(!
%'2-%17$(! *.,1(6! @.$! #'%(&1%! 4$! (.A$&'! )! *,$4-#14'! %'2-%17! (-%! @.$! $%&,$! $77'(! $=-(&1! %-%;H%! J+%#.7'! '!
$%71#$!G',217/!
!
#0*.23& 0.*& 34*91@.& 2-& D-4=3& c+-4c& deijmivP& ,,-D*& +@,3& +0]-:3e& -+& 2-914e& 0.& +3,3& .3>1.*:1D3e& -.:3.9-+&
-N01D*,-&*&.0-+:43&1>5-4+3.*,&cV*8c&3&c-U1+:-c(&
!
01)! '&,'(! J$,?'(6! 14$23(! 4$7! y($,z! @.$! G.%#-'%1%! #'2'! 1&,-?.&-J'(6! $%&,$! 7'(! @.$! 4$(&1#1! $7! givgnomai6!
y77$;1,!1!($,z/!
!
!
G2'WY`-W0<-aY'
!
E(&.4-16! 1! #'%&-%.1#-:%6! 71! G',21! 4$7! *4:H90,3! $%! %'2-%1&-J'! )! 71(! 4$(-%$%#-1(! 4$! 7'(! +0+:*.:1D3+! $%! $(&$!
#1('M!
!
! ";35>C4b! *C>b4C!
:(,-&'#$2! oJ biv-o" X'(!E#A(Z! oiJ biv-oi X'(,!E#A(,Z!
80+0$#$2! hJ divk-h X'(![&,1#-#(Z! aiJ divk-ai X'(,![&,1#-#(,Z!
hJ cwvr-a X'(!)0%#D$Z! aiJ cwvr-ai X'(,!)0%#2$0,Z!
30&1)2! tov e[rg-on X0'!V0-V2Z! tav e[rg-a X'2,!V0-V2,Z!
!
I1(! G',21(! 4$! 21(#.7-%'(! )! %$.&,'(! *$,&$%$#$%! 1! 71! 7712141! +-/0.2*& 2-9,1.*91@.! @.$! &-$%$! &$21! $%! S'!
<&12?-j%! 7712141! 4$#7-%1#-:%! &$23&-#1>/! I1(! G',21(! G$2$%-%1(! @.$6! #'2'! J$(6! &-$%$%! 4'(! G',21(! *1,1! 71!
4$(-%$%#-1!4$7!%'2-%1&-J'!(-%;.71,6!('%!4$!71!541>-4*&2-9,1.*91@./!E(&'!%'!(-;%-G-#1!@.$!&'41(!71(!*171?,1(!
4$!$(&1!4$#7-%1#-:%!($1%!G$2$%-%1(!'!@.$!$%!71!($;.%41!%'!C1)1!*171?,1(!4$!$(&$!;j%$,'/!!
!
"4$23(6!71!4$#7-%1#-:%!4$!7'(!*2]-:1D3+!*.$4$!($;.-,!$(&1(!4$#7-%1#-'%$(6!)!$7!$(@.$21!4$!&$,2-%1#-'%$(!4$!
7'(!%'2-%1&-J'(!$(!$7!(-;.-$%&$M!
!
! ";35>C4b! *C>b4C!
! :(,-! 80+! 30&1)2! :(,-! 80+! $0&1)2!
3L:.! -o" -a -on -oi -ai -a
-h
!
! !
!
<GW'GW'.[GW<0'b[G'G2'QcWG\Y'ZG'[W0'"020d\0'Q\-GQ0'WY'<-GWG'
b[G'.Y-W.-Z-\'.YW'U['QcWG\Y'GW'.0U<G220WY&'
' C'oJ povlemo" !#'*#2>*11-$ hJ cwvra !#%'#*54-&3"B$0>2-1$
' CoJ bivo" !#'*$937-$ $ tov zw/'on#!#%'#-+3#-0$
!
!

$!""!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Mhde;n avgan5

( [Apovllwn>!
'),%'"$%-)*.%'/01"#*2*!10#"13**
1"*)#"+%4'*+)!01"$%-"!!
1. JO Zeuv" ejsti qeo;" kai; oJ JvOmhro" ajvnqrwpov" ejstin.

2. JH j Afrodivth ejsti; qeo;" kai; hJ JElevnh ajvnqrwpov" ejstin.

3. JO Zeu;" kai; hJ Ajfrodivth qeoiv eijsin, a[lla ejgw' a[nqrwpo" eijmi.

4. JO iJvppo" oujk ejstin ajvnqrwpo", ajlla ouj6 qeov" jestin7.

5. OiJ iJvppoi kai;8 oiJ ajvnqrwpoi qnhtoiv eijsin.


6. OiJ qeoi; ouj qnhtoi; ajlla; ajqavnatoi eijsin.

7. JH JElevnh oujk ajqavnatov" ejstin. OiJ ga;r9 ajvnqrwpoi qnhtoiv.

8. Qnhto;" me;n oJ ajvnqrwpov" ejstin, ajqavnato" de; oJ qeov".

9. JO iJvppo" oujk ejstin ajvnqrwpo", ajlla; zw/'on.


10. To; zw/'on qnhtovn10 ejstin.

11. JO bivo"11 kalov" ejstin, ajlla; oJ qavnato" ouj kalov" ejstin.

!
G_G\.-.-YU'
B." =,-)#R0!0$!+(Fl,-&'(,!'(,!2)(-#2$0,!O!F!Q.!
f!
f!
G.!LR,0)E(!'(,!,#%&#0$10,!2)(-#2$0,@!
oJ avnqrwpo" qnhtov" oJ avnqrwpo" qnhtov" ejstin.
qnhto;" oJ avnqrwpo" qnhto;" oJ avnqrwpov" ejstin
"2$! -&(1)2! /2)+(,! A#,1#$1(,! A0! [&$1()! &$! ,&,1($1#E2! F! &$! (A[01#E2.! ='! (A[01#E2! -2$! ()1\-&'2! 1#0$0!
E('2)! A0! (1)#R&12m! ,#$! U'Y! A0! 7)0A#-(A2.! =,-)#R0! A0! -&(1)2! /2)+(,! A#,1#$1(,@! nC(! A#E#$#A(A! 0,!
#$+2)1('n!
!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
5! !,a?%4%,*;,4*.%9@%a,*&%,1;%,.ZN-.%,b1*,4*2@%,9*&,729*&6%4%,)7&,:79,_M&7*9,'&Z<-=79S,*;,*:,.-9.7,9*;'-47,b1*,
kovro" tivktei uJbrivnY,)-('./0--'(--)1%(%2()3/)34.%(-%(,%+4%(,
6, ,,I@3%'*,=>.7,*:,%46*&2-7,4*,;*<%=->;,%47)'%,1;%,+7&.%,1,7'&%,9*<Q;,*:,=7.-*;`7,4*,:%,)%:%2&%,b1*,:*,9-<1*(,
7! !,P%.2-M;,:%9,+7&.%9,6*&2%:*9,4*,eijmiv,)1*4*;,'*&.-;%&,7,;7,=7;,-n. !"#$$%&%#!"#$%$&'()*"'+'#(#)"#*+$+*%#
,"-./)#,"#0+-%#+#12)0$+3#*4%3,+#)054"#2%4)%#+#43%#2%$%6.%#*+3#7+*%$#030*0%$8#
8, ,,Kaiv 1;*,9-*.)&*,=79%9,,-<1%:*9(,
9, ,8%,=7;31;=->;, gavr,9*,19%,)%&%,*;:%`%&,+&%9*9,*;'&*,9@,B,*9,)79)79-'-6%S,*9,4*=-&S,;1;=%,*;=%2*`%,1;%,7&%=->;S,
9-;7,b1*,7=1)%,9-*.)&*,*:,9*<1;47,:1<%&(,87,.-9.7,7=1&&*,=7;,%:<1;%9,)%&'@=1:%9,=7.7,mevn, de;, ou\n...
10, ,D*;*&%:.*;'*,*:,%'&-21'7,;7,::*6%,%&'@=1:7S,:7,b1*,%,6*=*9,)*&.-'*,4-+*&*;=-%&:7,4*:,0cUJP5(,
11, ,?7,=7;+1;4%9,*:,<M;*&7,4*,:79,919'%;'-679,*;,<&-*<7,=7;,*:,<M;*&7,b1*,'-*;*,91,'&%41==->;,*;,=%9'*::%;7(,
!
!

!
H.!`)($,-)#R0@!qeov", JOmhro", JElevnh.
!
I.!=,-)#R0!7('(R)(,!A0'! -(,10''($2Y!A0'!E('0$-#($2!2!A0'!#$%'U,!)0'(-#2$(A(,!01#+2'D%#-(+0$10!-2$!
'2,!,&,1($1#E2,!A0!0,1(!'0--#D$.!*2)!0[0+7'2Y!A0!!iJvppoi !!V\7#-(.!
!

2)/3"$B1$%!$"/%&0+$%&$',)%'+$
'
=$! %)#0%2Y! -2+2! 0$! 12A(,! '(,! '0$%&(,Y! '(! +(F2)\(! A0! '(,! 7('(R)(,! 1#0$0$! &$(! ,\'(R(! i&0! '(! E2K!
,&R)(F(!A0!('%&$(!+($0)(@!0,!'(!,\'(R(!(-0$1&(A(.!4!A#/0)0$-#(!A0'!(-0$12!A0!$&0,1)(!'0$%&(!i&0!0,!
A0! #$10$,#A(A! X212)%(! (! '(! E2-('! &$(! ()1#-&'(-#D$! +^,! 0$U)%#-(! i&0! 0'! )0,12! A0! '2,! /2$0+(,! A0! '(!
7('(R)(ZY!0'!(-0$12!A0'!%)#0%2!($1#%&2!0,!+&,#-('@!'(!E2K!,&R0!&$!#$10)E('2!A0!&$(!i&#$1(!0$!'(!E2-('!
2! 0'! A#712$%2! ,2R)0! 0'! i&0! )0-(0! 0'! (-0$12Y! 7)0-#,#D$! i&0! A0R0+2,! ('! %)(+^1#-2! A0'! ,.! ;! (.! <.!
6#2$#,#2!A0!o('#-()$(,2.!
!
"D'2!'(,!1)0,!l'1#+(,!,\'(R(,!A0!&$(!7('(R)(!7&0A0$!)0-#R#)!0'!(-0$12!FY!(&$i&0!0_#,10!&$!,2'2!(-0$12Y!
,2$!1)0,!'2,!,#%$2,!i&0!7()(!$21()'2!#$1)2A&[2!4)#,1D/($0,!A0!j#K($-#2!X,.!;;;!(.!<.Z@!
f45>6L!!!X!!p!!Z!@!0,!72,#R'0!'(,!1)0,!l'1#+(,!,\'(R(,!A0!&$(!7('(R)(Y!F!0,!0'!l$#-2!i&0!(A+#10$!'(,!
E2-('0,!R)0E0,.!C(!E2K!,0!0'0E(!0$!&$(!0$12$(-#D$!(,-0$A0$10.!
!
,,, ej-leuv-qe-ro"!A:-2&*C! se-lhv-nh!A:1;%C! aj-re-thv!!X6-&'14C.!
!
f<;b<>38C=]L!!( '! !Z@!,D'2!7&0A0!2-&7()!'(,!A2,!l'1#+(,!,\'(R(,!A0!'(!7('(R)(.!C(!E2K!,0!0'0E(!
,2R)0!0'!7)#$-#7#2!A0!0,(!E2-('!'()%(!2!A#712$%2!F!'&0%2!A0,-#0$A0!0$!&$(!0$12$(-#D$!A0,-0$A0$10@!
!
, ka-lou'-men,,A::%.%.79C, ka-lw',A::%.7C,
!
f5b4J=!!X!!q!!!Z!@!$2!,0!7)2$&$-#(Y!7&0,12!i&0Y!+^,!i&0!&$!(-0$12!A0!7('(R)(Y!0,!&$!(-0$12!A0!/)(,0!
i&0!#$A#-(!'(!,&7)0,#D$!A0!&$!(-0$12!(%&A2!,2R)0!'(!l'1#+(!,\'(R(.!=,12!0,!(,\!72)i&0Y!0$!&$(!,\'(R(!
/#$('.!0'!(-0$12!(%&A2!,D'2!7&0A0!+($10$0),0!($10!&$(!7(&,(!,#$1^-1#-(!2!($10!&$(!0$-'\1#-(!X7('(R)(!
i&0! ,0! (72F(! 0$! '(! A0! A0'($10! F! /2)+(! -2$! 0''(! &$(! ,2'(! &$#A(A! /D$#-(Y! 72)i&0! -()0-0! A0! (-0$12!
7)27#2Z!
, kalo;" a[nqrwpo" a[nqrwpo" kalov". kalov" ejstin
! V2+R)0!V0)+2,2! V2+R)0!V0)+2,2! 0,!V0)+2,2!
!
.YWUG.[GW<G`GW<G>'
S$7!1#$%&'!($,3!*/023!(-!J1!('?,$!71!1%&$*$%H7&-21!(+71?1!<suvmmaco", qavlatta, a[nqrwpo">6!(-!
,$#1$!('?,$!.%1!J'#17! o , e 6!(-$2*,$!?,$J$(!<nevo", lovgo">6!
! !
S$7!1#$%&'!91490.<,-]3!('?,$!a , i , u!-%4-#1!@.$!$(&1(!J'#17$(!($,3%!71,;1( (tima'n , di'o"....)

*2)!1($12Y!0$!%)#0%2!0'!(-0$12!1#0$0!&$(!/&$-#D$!A#,1#$1#E(!F!,&!72,#-#D$!0,!'#R)0@!1#0$0!'(!-(7(-#A(A!
A0!A#,1#$%&#)!,#%$#/#-(A2,!,0%l$!0'!'&%()!i&0!2-&7(!X#%&('!i&0!0$!0,7(r2'@!$3"8)9&:3"8)9&$3"8;Z.!
'
2G]GU'ZG'2-`-<0.-eW'0.GW<[02>'
!
!

!
(Z!C0F!A0!'#+#1(-#D$@!0'!(-0$12!$2!72A)^!)0R(,()!0'!10)-0)!1#0+72!0$!0'!2)A0$!#$E0),2!A0!
'(!-(A0$(!V(R'(A(Y!0,!A0-#)Y!$2!72A)^!#)!+^,!(''^!A0!'(!($1070$l'1#+(!,\'(R(.!
!
RZ!C0F!A0!'(!($1070$l'1#+(@!&$(!($1070$l'1#+(!,D'2!72A)^!''0E()!(-0$12!X(%&A2Z!-&($A2!
'(! l'1#+(! ,\'(R(! 0,! R)0E0! X-&($A2! '(! l'1#+(! ,\'(R(! 0,! '()%(Y! 0'! (-0$12! (%&A2! $2! 7&0A0!
)0+2$1(),0!+^,!i&0!V(,1(!'(!70$l'1#+(Z@!
qavlatta!X0'!+()!9!32+.!,%Z!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!70)2!!qalavttwn!XA0!'2,!+()0,!9!50$.!7'.Z.!
a[nqrwpo"!A0'!V2+R)0!9!32+.!,%.Z!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!70)2!ajnqrwvpou"!X(!'2,!V2+R)0,!94-.!7'.Z!
!
-Z!C0F!A0!'(!70$l'1#+(!'()%(!(-0$1&(A(!X2!'0F!A0!1)2i&02!/#$('Z@!-&($A2!0'!(-0$12!)0-(0!
,2R)0!'(!70$l'1#+(!,\'(R(!-2$10$#0$A2!U,1(!&$(!E2-('!'()%(!2!&$!A#712$%2Y!0'!(-0$12!,0)^@!
f-#)-&$/'0[2!,#!'(!l'1#+(!,\'(R(!0,!R)0E0!
prw'to"!A)&-.*&7C, kou'fo"!!A:-<*&7C,
f(%&A2!,#!'(!/#$('!-2$1#0$0!&$(!'()%(@!
prwvth ,A)&-.*&%C, kouvfw",A:-<*&%.*;'*C,
,
!
<0d20'ZG'"YU-d-2-Z0ZGU'0.GW<[02GU>'
!
0*57%:'57'@7$>' 0W<G"GWf2<-`0' "GWf2<-`0' f2<-`0'
d95A5' 2$9D$' d95A5' 2$9D$'
"#! '(! /#$('! 0,! 45>6L! 45>6L! 45>6L!!!! Q9YQPDrI=]L! 45>6L!XsZ!
jb=J=! qavlatta, a[nqrwpo" lovgo" dou'lo" kakov"

!
"#! '(! /#$('! 0,! 3L! o4t! 4<=3`L! 45>6L!!!!! 45>6L! "\PNV! '!
C4b54! *L";jC=! Hjmevra douvlh Q9YQPDrI/!
kakhv
kakw'"
s@!0'!(-0$12!(%&A2!,0!-(+R#(!0$!%)(E0!0$!'(,!-2$A#-#2$0,!F(!A#-V(,.! !
!
6(A2Y! 7&0,Y! i&0! '(,! ,\'(R(,! R)0E0,! $2! 7&0A0$! ''0E()! +^,! i&0! 0'! (-0$12! (%&A2Y! 0'! 7)2R'0+(! A0! '(!
(-0$1&(-#D$!%)#0%(!)0,#A0!0$!'(,!'()%(,@!
f&$(!,\'(R(!0,!'()%(!,#!-2$1#0$0!&$(!E2-('!'()%(!2!&$!A#712$%2Y!70)2!,2$!R)0E0,!'2,!A#712$%2,!oi F!
ai!0$!/#$('!(R,2'&12@!
, a[nqrwpoi!, 70)2!ajnqrwvpoi".
! glw'ttai, 70)2!!glwvttai" .
'
G2'0.GW<Y'GW'20'ZG.2-W0.-eW'
!
4!'2!'()%2!A0!'(!A0-'#$(-#D$Y!0'!(-0$12!7&0A0!E()#()@!0'!(-0$12!7)#+0)2Y!i&0!0,!0'!i&0!'(!7('(R)(!1#0$0!
0$!$2+#$(1#E2Y!,0!+($1#0$0!,D'2!0$!'(!+0A#A(!0$!i&0!'2!70)+#10$!'(,!)0%'(,!i&0!V0+2,!E#,12!X70)2!
3>3<4!,0!72A)^!)0R(,()!'(!,\'(R(!1D$#-(!A0'!$2+#$(1#E2!,#$%&'()Z!
4! 0/0-12,! A0! -D+7&12! A0! 1#0+72,Y! ,D'2! 0,! )0'0E($10! '(! -($1#A(A! A0! '(! l'1#+(! ,\'(R(@! ,#! 0,! '()%(!
-&0$1(!-2+2!A2,!1#0+72,m!,#!0,!R)0E0!-2+2!&$2.!t!'(,!,\'(R(,!#$10)#2)0,!A0!7('(R)(!-&0$1($!,#0+7)0!
&$!1#0+72Y!,0($!'()%(,!2!R)0E0,.!!
*2A0+2,!E0)!-&(1)2!1#72,@!
!
;@!4-0$12!7)#+0)2!,2R)0!'(!($1070$l'1#+(@!-&+7'0!'(!'0F!A0!'#+#1(-#D$.!
!
!

, ?(, a[nqrwpo" a[nqrwpoi


J. a[nqrwpe a[nqrwpoi
4. a[nqrwpon ajnqrwvpou"
5. ajnqrwvpou ajnqrwvpwn
6. ajnqrwvpw/ ajnqrwvpoi".
!
;;.f!4-0$12!7)#+0)2!,2R)0!'(!70$l'1#+(!'()%(@!
! 3. ajqhnai'o" ajqhnai'oi dw'ron dw'ra
J. ajqhnai'e ajqhnai'oi dw'ron dw'ra
4. ajqhnai'on ajqhnaivou" dw'ron dw'ra
5. ajqhnaivou ajqhnaivwn dwvrou dwvrwn
6. ajqhnaivw/ ajqhnaivoi" dwvrw/ dwvroi"
!
;;;.!4-0$12!7)#+0)2!,2R)0!'(!70$l'1#+(!R)0E0@!0,!2R'#%(12)#2!0'!(-0$12!(%&A2!F!$#$%&$(!
)0%'(!,0!272$0!(!,&!+($10$#+#0$12!(!'2!'()%2!A0!'(!/'0_#D$Y!,#$2!i&0!70)+($0-0!/#[2@!
! 3.! fivlo" fivloi
! J.! fivle fivloi
! 4.! fivlon fivlou"
! 5.! fivlou fivlwn
! 6.! fivlw/ fivloi"
!
;J.f!4-0$12!7)#+0)2!,2R)0!'(!,\'(R(!/#$('@!0'!(-0$12!(%&A2!,0!-2$E#0)10!0$!-#)-&$/'0[2!0$!
'(,!A0,#$0$-#(,!'()%(,!A0!%0$#1#E2!,%.!F!7'.!F!A(1#E2!,%.!7'.@!
, 3.! ajgrov" ajgroiv ajrethv ajretaiv
! J.! ajgrev ajgroiv ajrethv ajretaiv
! 4.! ajgrovn agrouv" ajrethvn ajretav"
! 5.! ajgrou' ajgrw'n ajreth'" ajretw'n'XsZ!
! 6.! ajgrw/' agroi'" ajreth/' ajretai'"

s@!0'!%0$#1#E2!7'&)('!A0!'(!7)#+0)(!A0-'#$(-#D$!''0E(!,#0+7)0!(-0$12!-#)-&$/'0[2@ -w'n!!u!
-av-wn.
! !
!
20U'"020d\0U''g<YW0U>'
!
='! %)#0%2! 72,0\(! -#0)12! $l+0)2! A0! 7('(R)(,! ^12$(,! i&0! 7()1#-#7(R($! A0'! 12$2! A0! '(! 7('(R)(!
7)0-0A0$10!X=3<C;`;<4"Z!2!A0!'(!,#%&#0$10!X*bL<Ce`;<4"Z.!
=3<Ce`;<4"@! 7()1\-&'(,! Age, toi...),! 7)2$! F! (A[.! #$A0/#$#A2,Y! 7)0,0$10! A0! eijmiv! ! F! /2)+(,!
^12$(,!A0!'2,!7)2$2+R)0,!70),2$('0,.!
32! V(F! 7)2R'0+(,! 0$! ,0-&0$-#(,! -2+2! ajgaqo;" ejstin.! *0)2! Si&U! 2-&))0! 0$! %)&72,! -2+2!
a[nqrwpo" ti"Y!i&0!-2$1)(E#0$0!-'()(+0$10!'(!'0F!A0!'#+#1(-#D$!('!0$10$A0)'2!-2+2!&$(!,2'(!
7('(R)(W!C2!i&0!V#K2!0'!%)#0%2!/&0!A0,())2''()!&$!(-0$12!,0-&$A()#2.!
f"0%&#A(!A0!&$(!0$-'\1#-(Y!&$(!7('(R)(!(-0$1&(A(!0$!'(!($1070$l'1#+(!,\'(R(! Aa[nqrwpo"), 2!&$!
-#)-&$/'0[2!0$!'(!70$l'1#+(!(dou'lo")!)0-#R0!&$!,0%&$A2!(-0$12!(%&A2!,2R)0!'(!,\'(R(!/#$('@!
a[nqrwpov" ejstin dou'loiv tine".
f`)(,!&$(!7('(R)(!-2$!(-0$12!(%&A2!0$!'(!70$l'1#+(!,\'(R(Y!&$(!0$-'\1#-(!A0!A2,!,\'(R(,!)0-#R0!
&$!(-0$12!0$!'(!,0%&$A(@!
nevo" ejstivn lovgwn tinw'n novmoi" tisivn.
f>$(!0$-'\1#-(!,0%&#A(!A0!21)(!0$-'\1#-(!12+(!&$!(-0$12!(%&A2!0$!,&!l'1#+(!,\'(R(@!
dou'lo" tiv" ejstiv jAqhnaivw/.
!
!

*bL<Ce`;<4"@! ,2$! 7)2-'\1#-(,! '(,! /2)+(,! A0'! ()1\-&'2! ,#$! 1(&Y! '(,! 7)072,#-#2$0,!
X+0$2, ajnti; F ajmfivCY! '(! $0%(-#D$! oujk! F! ('%&$(,! -2$[&$-#2$0,.! b0-#R0$! &$! (-0$12! (%&A2!
-&($A2!E($!,0%&#A(,!A0!&$(!0$-'\1#-(@!
e[n tini oijkiva/ ou[ fhmi ei[" tina ajgrovn.
,
!
!
2)/3"$C1$$%!$'%&)0)9+$
!
='! %0$#1#E2! A0,0+70r(! '(! /&$-#D$! A0! '2,! ''(+(A2,! -2+7'0+0$12,! A0'! $2+R)0Y! (&$i&0! 0,1(!
10)+#$2'2%\(! A0! '(! 5)(+^1#-(! 1)(A#-#2$('! )0,&'1(! 0$! 2-(,#2$0,! A0+(,#(A2! %0$U)#-(.! C2,! %0$#1#E2,!
1)(A&-0$!,#0+7)0!7)0-0A#A2,!A0!'(!7)072,#-#D$!vA0w.!
!
C(! 72,#-#D$! A0'! 5=3;`;JL! 7&0A0! E()#()Y! 70)2! %0$0)('+0$10! 7)0-0A0! ('! ,&,1($1#E2! ('! i&0!
-2+7'0+0$1(m!(!E0-0,Y!,0!#$10)-('(!0$1)0!U,10!F!,&!()1\-&'2.!o(F!i&0!10$0)!0$!-&0$1(!i&0!0$!%)#0%2!
V(F!E0)R2,!-2+2!'2,!i&0!#$A#-($!A0,02Y!2!70)-07-#D$Y!i&0!)#%0$!%0$#1#E2.!
'
='!%0$#1#E2!,#0+7)0!#$A#-(!'(!A0-'#$(-#D$!(!'(!i&0!70)10$0-0!&$!,&,1($1#E2@!
Bx!A0-'#$(-#D$@! -a" -h"
Gx!A0-'#$(-#D$@!!!!!!!fou
!!!!!Hx!A0-'#$(-#D$@!!!!!!fo"

C(!A0-'#$(-#D$!A0'!%0$#1#E2!0,!'(!,#%&#0$10Y!0$!'(,!A0-'#$(-#2$0,!By!X'2,!/0+0$#$2,Z!F!Gy!X+(,-&'#$2,!
F!$0&1)2,Z!
! By!6=<C;34<;c3! Gy!6=<C;34<;c3!
X8=:=3;3L"Z! :4"<>C;3L"! 3=>`bL"!
, 0O?Dc8"!, $8c!"8, 0O?Dc8"!, $8c!"8, 0O?Dc8"!, $8c!"8,
3L:.! -h, -a -ai -o" -oi -on -a

5=3.! -h", -a" -w'n -ou' -w'n -ou' -w'n

!
LY!0_7)0,(A2!A0!21)(!/2)+(Y!0$!'(!/'0_#D$!A0!'2,!$4H5%6A:3@!
!
! ";35>C4b! *C>b4C!
:4"<.! 8=:.! 3=>`bL! :4"<! 8=:.! 3=>`bL!
3L:;34`;JL! -o" -h, -a -ovn -oi -ai -a

5=3;`;JL! -ou' -h", -a" -ou' -w'n

%"#!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
oi\no" kai; ajlhvqeia.!
(Pivndaro")!
!
!&1*/&'%$%-)*
!
!

1. JO bivo" oujk aijscrov", ajlla;12 kalo;" kai; ajgaqov".


2. JvOde13 oJ ajvnqrwpo" kalo;" kai;14 ajgaqov" ejstin. JVHde hJ gunh; kalh; kai; ajgaqhv ejstin.
3. Zeu;" tw'n ajnqrwvpwn te15 kai; tw'n qew'n path;r kai; ajrchv ejstin.
4. AiJ jAqh'nai16 megavlh povli" eijsin. JH d v jAqhna' th'" sofiva" kai; ajlhvqeia" qeov"17.
5. Polloi; me;n oiJ ajvnqrwpoi th'" hJdonh'" dou'loi, ojlivgoi de; th'" ajreth'".
6. Pavntwn tw'n ajnqrwvpwn18 kuvrio" ejstin: tw'n me;n JEllhvnwn oJ novmo", tw'n de; barbavrwn19 oJ
tuvranno"20, tou' de; turavnnou oJ fovbo".
7. JO me;n divkaio", oJ de;21 ajvdikov" ejstin.
8. To;de to; zw/'on aijscrovn ejstin. Pa;nta ta; zw'/a qnhtav ejstin22. !"#$%&'$()*+,),-,./0.12+,)
9. Pa;nte" oiJ qeoiv eijsin kaloi;. ,3)30-041/0)30)$+510/.12+)
10. [Anqrwpo" zw/'on politiko;n .
23 24 6)7301.12+8)93:+);+,)
"#$%&'()*);+,)304+0.:/:<,)
! 30)3;)=1441+0/:1+)30)4/,+)
! $>?&$!"&@>8)
%D%,/)/)+#$ =1,.10A-130=+);+,)AB03:+,()
Co", -a, -on
$ -o", -h, -on
[/! vw.-j%!$(!_9DN"YVx!d.(#1!41&'(!4$!(.!J-41!)!(.!'?,1/! -o", -on
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
Z/! E(#,-?$!$%!*7.,17!71(!',1#-'%$(![!)!Z/!
S!
!
S!
!
d(! D'2?,1!*171?,1(!4$!&.!7$%;.1!,$71#-'%141(!#'%!!,,
/kalov"!!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
12) )!*=1*&4%,b1*,*:,=%9'*::%;7,72:-<%,%,'&%41=-&,:%,=7;31;=->;,%46*&9%'-6%,ajllav!)7&,*#3',=1%;47,:%,)&-.*&%,)%&'*,4*,
:%,=77&4-;%=->;,*9,;*<%'-6%(,
13, ,I@3%'*,*;,:%,)79-=->;,4*:,%&'@=1:7,9-*.)&*,31;'7,%:,)&7;7.2&*,4*.79'&%'-67(,
14, ,8%, =7;31;=->;, kai;! c?J, 0OJR$!J, H50"0, ODc"8J0(, Kaiv 9*, *.):*%, _%2-'1%:.*;'*, *;'&*, :79, 'M&.-;79, 4*,
1;%,*;1.*&%=->;,BS,=7.7,*:,)$(:%'-;7S,)1*4*,-&,%;'*,*:,)&-.*&7: kai; oiJ qeoi; kai; oiJ iJvppoi kai; oiJ ajvnqrwpoi.
15, ,8%,)%&'@=1:%,te,;7,9*,'&%41=*Y,+1;=-7;%,=7.7,1;,&*+1*&`7,4*,kaiv(,
16, ,?7, =7;+1;4%9, aiJ JAqh'nai,, :%, )7:-9S, =7;, hJ jAqh'naS, :%, 4-79%, 4*, :%, 9%2-41&@%(, I@3%'*, b1*, =7;=-*&'%;, *;, 4-9'-;'7,
;Q.*&7,=7;,*:,6*&27(,
17) )J8O0Oe?L, d v A j qhna,],dev jAqhna.,AH+(,I-=_%,fgC(,
18, ,0*,4-=*,pavnte" oiJ qeoiv"!B,;7,oiJ qeoiv pavnte".
19) )Barvbaro", *9, *:, b1*, ;7, _%2:%, <&-*<7, 9-;7, b1*, 9>:7, 4-=*, 5%65%65%S, B, S, 4*9)1M9, 4*, :%9, <1*&&%9, RM4-=%9S, )%9>, %,
9-<;-+-=%&(,.0)-7(1#'-)3$'S,7,9*%S,58.5%.'(,)1*9,,2Z&2%&7,)7&,*N=*:*;=-%,*9,*:,)*&9%(,
20) )8%,)%:%2&%,tuvranno",;7,)79*@%,*;,*9'79,.7.*;'79,:%9,=7;;7'%=-7;*9,b1*,*:,'M&.-;7,)79**,*;,;1*9'&%,=1:'1&%(,
O;4-=%S, *;, )&-;=-)-7S, 9-.):*.*;'*, *'5).%3'S, )*&7, %, )%&'-&, 4*:, 9(KOO, %(H(S, =7;, "&b1@:7=7S, 9*, 1'-:-`%, )%&%, &*+*&-&9*, %,
b1-*;*9,%==*4*;,%:,)74*&,)7&,:%,+1*&`%,
21, ,8%9,)%&'@=1:%9,mevn h,de;,,)1*4*;,'*;*&,6%:7&,GO0P!OicPOK5(,
22, ,c;,913*'7,;*1'&7,):1&%:,)1*4*,::*6%&,*:,6*&27,*;,9-;<1:%&(,
23, ,,8%,%19*;=-%,4*,%&'@=1:7,)1*4*,*b1-6%:*&,%,;1*9'&7,%&'@=1:7,-;4*'*&.-;%47(,
24, ,8%, +&%9*, fg, *9, 4*, "&-9'>'*:*9L, :%, *N)&*9->;, 4*, 1;%, 6*&4%4, <*;*&%:, )1*4*, ;7, 19%&, *:, %&'@=1:7S, ;-, 9-b1-*&%, *;, *:,
913*'7S,*;,)&7,4*,1;%,.%B7&,=7;=-9->;(,
!
!

fkakov"
-mevga"
!
e/!Q'2*7$&1!$7!#.14,'!4$!(-%;.71,M!
,
:4"<>C;3L! 8=:=3;3L! 3=>`bL!
kakov" ! !
oJ!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
! !
! h{de !
kalov" ! !
! ! ajgaqovn
!
W/!"%17-B1!(-%&3#&-#12$%&$!$(&1(!',1#-'%$(!)6!&,1(!,$71#-'%1,!71!G.%#-:%!#'%!$7!#1('!#',,$(*'%4-$%&$6!
$(#,+?$71(!$%!;,-$;'M!!
!
028$2)6"+56/%2)2$")3%'5$2$2D)(&%2)2$")=6;6//$2,)
)
)
F6):+#6)#%)/$2)2%'%2)3&56"$2)%2);%//6)B);&%"6,)
,
,
,
j/!b,1%(#,-?$M!gunhv, Zeuv", qavnato".
!
n/!F$;H%!7'!J-(&'!$%!71!G-#C1!e!('?,$!71(!$%#7+&-#1(6!#'2*7$&1!71!1#$%&.1#-:%!4$!7'(!(-;.-$%&$(!;,.*'(M!!
!
ejrgavzontai tine" ejleuvqero" ti" patevre" tine"
baivnousi tine"
patravsi tisi bouvlontai tine" ti dw'ra tina ajndrei'oi eijsi
fhsi ti" mhtevrwn tinwn ejn tini lovgw/ zw/'a tina
zw/vwn tinwn a[nqrwpoi tine" ouj divkaion moi dokei' ! !
!
!
YdUG\a0'GU<YU'0Z_G<-aYU>'
-Mevga", megavlh, mevga .... 5)($A0!
-Poluv", pollhv, poluv .... :&-V2!
-pa'", pa'sa, pa'n .... `2A2!
!
"2$! (A[01#E2,! A0! 1)0,! 10)+#$(-#2$0,! X1)0,! $2+#$(1#E2,! A#/0)0$10,Z! 0$! '2,! i&0! '(! /'0_#D$! A0'!
/0+0$#$2!0,!7)^-1#-(+0$10!)0%&'()!72)!'(!7)#+0)(!A0-'#$(-#D$Y!70)2!0'!+(,-&'#$2!F!0'!$0&1)2!
7)0,0$1($!('10)$($-#(!A0!A0-'#$(-#2$0,.!
,
2)/3"$E1$!"#$-",0F/(!"#$
!
"2$!7('(R)(,!#$E()#(R'0,!i&0!,#)E0$!7()(!1)0,!-2,(,@!
(.f-2$0-1()!7^))(/2,!X0i&#E('0$!(!-2$[&$-#2$0,!A0'!0,7(r2'Z!
R.f+2A#/#-()!7^))(/2,!X0i&#E('0$!(!(AE0)R#2,Z!
-.f+(1#K()! 7^))(/2,! A0! /2)+(! 7()0-#A(! (! -2+2! '2! V(-0$! 0$! -(,10''($2! 0'! 12$2! A0! '(! E2KY! 0'!
E2'&+0$Y!'2,!,#%$2,!A0!0_-'(+(-#D$!0Y!#$-'&,2Y!'2,!%0,12,.!
!
!
!

J0(+2,!0'!E('2)!A0!('%&$(,!+&F!&1#'#K(A(,@!
-Kaiv@! (A0+^,! A0! ,&! E('2)! A0! -2$[&$-#D$! -27&'(1#E(! 7&0A0! 10$0)! E('2)! (AE0)R#('! z<"371-%)<9&
<5$8."63<=!4!E0-0,!,0!&1#'#K(!0$!-2$10_12,!0$!'2,!i&0!0$!0,7(r2'!0'0E()\(+2,!'(!E2K.!Kai;......kaiv....!!
<3)&%;1)===&%"3)&5$8."63<=&&
-Te@! 0$-'\1#-(! i&0! E(! %0$0)('+0$10! &$#A(! (! kaiv.! "#)E0! 7()(! #$1)2A&-#)! 0'! 7)#+0)! 0'0+0$12! A0! &$(!
-22)A#$(-#D$Y!70)2!0,!+0[2)!$2!1)(A&-#)'(.!
-ge@! 0$-'\1#-(! i&0! ,&0'0! 10$0)! -()^-10)! )0,1)#-1#E2! <$1& 8/3)%<9! 70)2! 0$! '(,! )0,7&0,1(,! 0,! +0[2)! $2!
1)(A&-#)'(.!47()0-0!(!E0-0,!&$#A(!(!/2)+(,!7)2$2+#$('0,@!e[gwge.!
-a[ra@!<7"/*5$8/35/<@!,0!&,(!7)#$-#7('+0$10!-&($A2!0'!V(R'($10!-2+7)0$A0!!i&0!&$(!-2$-'&,#D$!,0!
A0A&-0!A0!&$(!,#1&(-#D$!2!()%&+0$12!7)0-0A0$10.!
'Cgavr@!0,!72,72,#1#E(.!;$1)2A&-0!&$(!-(&,(!<#-/%<Y!70)2!(!E0-0,!7&0A0!$2!1)(A&-#).!
Cou\n@!1(+R#U$!72,72,#1#E(Y!0,!'2!27&0,12!(!'(!($10)#2)Y!72)i&0!#$1)2A&-0!'(!-2$,0-&0$-#(!A0!&$(!/)(,0!
7)0E#(@!</3&/>/75)<9&<$%?&#-/%<===&
Cdev@!=,!72,72,#1#E(m!7&0A0!,0)!,#+7'0+0$10!-27&'(1#E(!2!(r(A#)!&$!+(1#K!A0!-2$1)(,10!&!272,#-#D$!
<#/*)&#)*&/1&7)35$*")<9&</3&7$8.")<==.!
'Cmevn' @! 72,72,#1#E(.! ;$1)2A&-0! &$(! 7)#+0)(! 7()10! A0! &$! 7()! A0! 0_7)0,#2$0,! )0'(-#2$(A(,! 0$1)0! ,\m!
,#)E0!-(,#!l$#-(+0$10!7()(!'#%()!A2,!/)(,0,!A0!/2)+(!i&0Y!(!E0-0,Y!0,!#$1)(A&-#R'0.!
=$! '(! ,0-&0$-#(' me;n ... de;...! ,0! 7&0A0! 1)(A&-#)! <#)*& -3& 1$@)===& #)*& )5*)<9! 70)2! A0! 0,(! /2)+(! '(!
E0),#D$!0,7(r2'(!7&0A0!i&0A()!+&-V2!+^,!)0-()%(A(!i&0!'(!2)#%#$('!%)#0%(m!72)!0,2Y!'(!+(F2)\(!A0!
'(,! E0-0,Y! 0,! 7)0/0)#R'0! 1)(A&-#)! l$#-(+0$10! '(! ,0%&$A(! 7()10! A0! '(! -2))0'(-#D$! -2+2! &$(! ,#+7'0!
-27&'(1#E(.!
=,1(,!A2,!7()1\-&'(,!7&0A0$!#)!(-2+7(r($A2!('!()1\-&'2Y!-&($A2!U,10!(7()0-0!,#$!$#$%l$!(A[01#E2!$#!
,&,1($1#E2!0$!i&0!(72F(),0m!0$!1('!-(,2Y!*:7J65957'$#'$9%M*@#:'@7'A$#:9'463%96F@%6A:@!
oJ me;n divkaio;" ejstin, oJ de; a[diko".!!!!!!!!!-3)&/%&A-%5)9&/1&)5*)&"3A-%5).!
ta;" me;n ....., ta;" de;....!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!&&$&-3$%====&9&$&)5*$%===&
&
&
,
,
2)/3"$G1$%!$",0F/(!+$
,
=$!%)#0%2!0_#,10!&$!()1\-&'2!#$A010)+#$(A2.!<()0-0!A0!E2-(1#E2!FY!0$!%0$0)('Y!1#0$0!0'!+#,+2!&,2!
i&0! 0$! -(,10''($2.! "#! &$! ,&,1($1#E2! %)#0%2! ''0E(! ()1\-&'2Y! 0$! -(,10''($2! ,0! 1)(A&-0! -2$! 0'! ()1\-&'2!
A010)+#$(A2m!,#!$2!'2!''0E(Y!0$!-(,10''($2!,0!72$0!0'!()1\-&'2!#$A010)+#$(A2.!!
<2$!'2,!$2+R)0,!7)27#2,!A0!70),2$(!2!A0!-#&A(AY!0$!%)#0%2!0'!()1\-&'2!1#0$0!&$!&,2!7210,1(1#E2.!
!
"#$1^-1#-(+0$10! 7&0A0! /&$-#2$()! -2+2! ,&,1($1#E(A2)! A0! (A[01#E2,@! oJ sofov"@! /1& %$.")m! 7()1#-#7#2,@!
oJ levgwn@!/1&4-/&B$.1$m!#$/#$#1#E2,Y!01-.!
!
t(!V0+2,!E#,12!-D+2Y!,0%&#A2!A0!'(,!7()1\-&'(,!me;n ... de;...Y!7&0A0!10$0)!E('2)!A#,1)#R&1#E2.!
!
ZG.2-W0.-eW'
! ";35>C4b! *C>b4C!
! 41+3/52,0! .*4*,2,0! ,*/-)0! 41+3/52,0! .*4*,2,0! ,*/-)0!

3! oJ hJ tov oiJ aiJ tav


4! tovn thvn tov touv" tav" tav
5! tou' th'" tou' tw'n
!
!

6! tw'/ th'/ tw'/ toi'" tai'" toi'"


,
,
,
,
2)/3"$HI1'#)'&+#$+,0+',J2)/+#$.$2+&K0)/"$#)&0J/0)/"1$
!
4*c"`bL8L@!0$1)0!A2,!7('(R)(,!#$A#-(!'(!0'#,#D$!A0!'(!E2-('!/#$('!2!#$#-#('!A0!&$(!A0!0''(,@!
ajll! ejgwv = ajlla; ejgwv...
<LbL3;"@!#$A#-(!'(!*9$363'2!/&,#D$!A0!A2,!E2-('0,Y!&$(!/#$('!F!21)(!#$#-#('Y!A0!A2,!7('(R)(,!i&0!,0!
&$0$!-2+2!,#!/&0)(!&$(!,2'(@!
! tou[noma = to; o[noma.!
6;ab=";"@!#$A#-(!i&0!A0R0$!7)2$&$-#(),0!,07()(A(+0$10!A2,!E2-('0,!i&0!/2)+($!A#712$%2@!
ajrcaikov"
";53L"!6=!*>3`>4<;c3@!
! 7&$12!('12@!0i&#E('0!(!A2,!7&$12,!2!('!7&$12!F!-2+(.!
! 7&$12!F!-2+(@!0,!0'!,#%$2!A0!#$10))2%(-#D$.! !
,
,
,YWc<-.0'U-W<g.<-.0'
!
(Z! G2-U-eW@! &$(! E2-('! R)0E0! /#$('Y! ,('E2! 0_-07-#2$0,! Xti...,! +2$2,\'(R2,Y! 2{, tav...) F! 0'!
A#712$%2 ai!!0$!'(,!/2)+(!E0)R('0,Y!!A0,(7()0-0!($10!E2-('!#$#-#('!,#%&#0$10@!
a[ll v ei\pe gevnoit v a[n d v ejavn
RZ!0,c\GU-U':'G2-U-eW'-WaG\U0@!1)(,!&$(!E2-('!'()%(!2!A#712$%2!/#$('!A0!7('(R)(Y!&$(!
E2-('!R)0E0!#$#-#('!X0,70-#('+0$10!'(!0fZ!(!E0-0,!A0,(7()0-0@!
genhvsomai ' gw'
-Z!.\0U-U>!A2,!E2-('0,!0$!V#(12Y!&$(!('!/#$('!A0!7('(R)(!F!21)(!('!7)#$-#7#2!A0!'(!,#%&#0$10Y!
7&0A0$!/&$A#),0!0$!21)(!E2-('!'()%(!2!0$!&$!A#712$%2!i&0!,0!+()-(!-2$!&$(!-2)2$#,@!
to; e[po" = tou\po"
kai; a[n = ka'n.
AZ!0"e.Y"G@!-(\A(!A0!&$(!E2-('!R)0E0!/#$('!A0!7)072,#-#D$@!
! ajp v 72) ajpov
0Z!hW-h'G,G2.iU<-.0@!0,!&$(!0'0+0$12!/#$('!A0!0+7'02!7210,1(1#E2!i&0!7&0A0!(7()0-0)!
1)(,!feY!fiY!&,(A(!0,70-#('+0$10!X70)2!$2!,D'2Z!($10!E2-('!F!7(&,(.!
/Z! 0U"-\0.-eW' ZG' Y.2[U-a0U@! -&($A2! &$(! 7('(R)(Y! 72)! )0,&'1(A2! A0! &$2! A0! '2,!
/0$D+0$2,!($10)#2)0,Y!10)+#$(!0$!2-'&,#E(!,2)A(!F!E(!,0%&#A(!A0!&$(!7('(R)(!i&0!-2+#0$K(!
72)!E2-('!-2$!0,7\)#1&!^,70)2Y!0,1(!2-'&,#E(!,0!(,7#)(!72)!0/0-12!A0'!-2$1(-12!-2$!'(!(,7#)(-#D$!
A0'!0,7\)#1&@!
kata; eijrhvnh" ! kat v eijrhvnhn!!!!!n-2$1)(!'(!7(Kn!
! kata; hJsucivan!!!!{!kaq v hJsucivan!!!n0$!1)($i&#'#A(An! !
!
!

!
2)/3"$HH1$!"$/+&/+,*"&/)"1$
!
"0! ''(+(! <L3<Lb643<;4! (! '(! -2))0,72$A0$-#(! 2! -2$/2)+#A(A! 0$1)0! '(,! /2)+(,Y! -(10%2)\(,! 2!
(--#A0$10,! %)(+(1#-('0,! A0! '(,! 7('(R)(,! /'0_#2$('0,! i&0! #$10%)($! &$! %)&72Y! /)(,0! &! 2)(-#D$.! C(!
-2$-2)A($-#(!,&72$0Y!7&0,Y!'(!#%&('A(A!A0!%U$0)2Y!$l+0)2!F!-(,2Y!2!A0!$l+0)2!F!70),2$(.!
!
(Z!<2$-2)A($-#(!A0'!E0)R2!-2$!0'!,&[012!9!(1)#R&129!(72,#-#D$@!
f&$!,D'2!,&[012@!0'!E0)R2!-2$-#0)1(!0$!$l+0)2.!"#!0'!,&[012!0,!&$!7)2$2+R)0Y!0'!E0)R2!-2$-#0)1(!
0$!70),2$(.!
fE()#2,!,&[012,@!!
B." E0)R2!0$!7'&)('!,#!,0!-2$,#A0)(!-2+2!&$!-2$[&$12.!
G." E0)R2! 0$! ,#$%&'()! ,#! ,0! -2$,#A0)($! ,07()(A(+0$10m! ,0! -2$-#0)1(! -2$! 0'! ,&[012! +^,!
7)D_#+2.!
=|<=*<;c3@!,&[012!$0&1)2!7'&)('!ff!E0)R2!0$!,#$%&'().!
!
RZ!<2$-2)A($-#(!A0'!(1)#R&12!-2$!0'!,&,1($1#E2!X&$!(A[01#E2!F!&$!,&,1($1#E2Y!&$2!('!'(A2!A0'!21)2Z@!
f>$!,D'2!,&[012@!
B." <&($A2!0'!(1)#R&12! -2$-#0)1(! 0$!%U$0)2! F! $l+0)2Y!0'! ,&[012!0,1^!-()(-10)#K(A2!72)! 0,(!
-&('#A(A.!
G." <&($A2!0'!(1)#R&12!0,1^!0$!$0&1)2!,#$%&'()Y!'(!-&('#A(A!1#0$0!E('2)!%0$0)('.!
hJ sofiva kalovn@!1$&%$."@-*?$&/%&$1C)&B/*8)%)=&
H." <&($A2! 0'! (1)#R&12! 0,1^! 0$! $0&1)2! 7'&)('Y! '(! -&('#A(A! ,0! (7'#-(! (! &$! ,&[012!
#$A010)+#$(A2.!
!
fJ()#2,!,&[012,@!
B." ,#!12A2,!,2$!($#+(A2,@!(1)#R&12!0$!$0&1)2!7'&)('.!
G." ($#+(A2,!0!#$($#+(A2,@!(1)#R&12!,0%l$!'(!#$10$-#D$!A0'!V(R'($10.!
H." 12A2,! +(,-&'#$2,! 2! 12A2,! /0+0$#$2,@! 0'! (1)#R&12! #)^! R#0$! 0$! +(,-&'#$2Y! R#0$! 0$!
/0+0$#$2Y!2!R#0$!0$!$0&1)2!,#!$2!,2$!,0)0,!($#+(A2,.!
I." 12A2,!/0+0$#$2,!F!+(,-&'#$2,@!0'!(1)#R&12!#)^!R#0$!0$!+(,-&'#$2Y!R#0$!0$!$0&1)2!,#!&$2!
A0!'2,!,&[012,!0,!#$($#+(A2.!
!
!
ftiv" levgei C$
D'$
$
tiv manqavnei to; paidivon C$
D''$

#
# !tiv" !##,-.+/01#

tiv !##,-./1#
!
!
!

&"#
+)'+)#("'+%"**
!
1. JH divkh ajnqrwpwiva ajrethv ejstin.
2. JH divkh kai; hJ ajlhvqeia ajretaiv eijsin. AiJ aretai; kalaiv eijsin.
3. JO me;n di;kaiov" ejstin ajgaqo;" kai; sofov", oJ de; ajvdiko"25 ajmaqh;"26 kai; kakov".
4. Ouj pavnte" a[nqrwpoiv eijsi divkaioi, ajlla; oi{ me;n divkaioi, oi{ de; a[dikoi.
5. jAei; me;n ta; divkaia27 kalav, ou[pote de; kakav ejstin.
6. Kalovn28 ejstin hJ sofiva, kalo;n de; kai; hJ ajlhvqeia.
7. Oi{de oiJ a[ndre" dou'loi tw'n basilevwn eijsin, ajlla; basileu;" tw'n qew'n kai; oJ qeo;"
th'" ajnavgkh". Pavntwn29 ga;r kuvrio" hJ ajnavgkh ejstin.
8. JO a[nqrwpo" ajdelfo;" tou' ejmou' patrov" ejstin30. !!

G_G\.-.-YU'
B.f<2+7'01(!0'!-&(A)2@!
";35>C4b! *C>b4C! ";35>C4b! *C>b4C!
3.!oJ divkaio" oiJ tov dw'ron tav

5.!

3"!hJ divkh aiJ!!!! 3 hJ ajlhvqeia !

5.!
!!!!!!!!!!!!
Z/!E(#,-?$!$%!;,-$;'M!
)
G0/)5+%#$)%2)%/)('+"=+(+$)#%)%28$2)56/%2,)
)
)
GF$2)8+'6"$2)"$)2+%5('%)2$")A&28$2,)
)
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
25) )E7!1,&+#.7'!(.(&1%&-J1!17!14A$&-J'6!@.$!1(+!*.$4$!($,!$2*7$14'!#'2'!.%!%'2?,$!#'2H%/!
26) )r+A1&$!$%!$7!J17',!%$;1&-J'!4$!71!*1,&+#.71!a- $%!14A$&-J'(!#'2'!ajqavnato", avdiko", ajmaqhv".
! Q'2-$%B1%! 1! 1*1,$#$,!14A$&-J'(! 4$!71! &$,#$,1! 4$#7-%1#-:%/! r+A1&$! @.$6! #'2'! $(&3(! $%! .%1! ',1#-:%! 4$!
J$,?'!#'*.71&-J'6!*'(-?7$2$%&$!$(!.%!1&,-?.&'!)6!*',!&1%&'6!.%!DVO9D"b9RV!<_.$4$(!J$,-G-#1,!@.$!$(!1(+!(-!
71!*171?,1!1*1,$#$!1(+!$%.%#-141!$%!$7!J'#1?.71,-'>!
27! !P%!14A$&-J'!$%!%$.&,'!*7.,17!*.$4$!-,!(.(&1%&-J14'!*',!$7!1,&+#.7'!(-!%'!1#'2*151!1!.%!(.(&1%&-J'/!E%!
&17!#1('!($!&,14.#$!*',!/62)=$262,,,)$)/$,//!
28) )E7!14A$&-J'!%$.&,'!($!#'%J-$,&$!$%!.%!(.(&1%&-J'!1?(&,1#&'M! to; kalovn ()/$)3%'5$2$/!_.$4$!G.%#-'%1,!
$%!%$.&,'!4$!1&,-?.&'!4$!.%!(.(&1%&-J'!G$2$%-%'!'!21(#.7-%'!#'%!$7!J17',!4$!H6/1$)3%'5$2$IJ)
29) )F$!77121&/-.1:1D3&5*4:1:1D3!17!&'4'!4$7!@.$!($!&'21!.%1!*1,&$/!
30) )F$!77121!/-.1:1D3&53+-+1D3!17!@.$!-%4-#1!71!*$,('%1!'!#'(1!?1A'!#.)'!4'2-%-'!$(&3!17;'/!Q'%!eijmiv! !($!
&,14.#$!*',!L($,!*,'*-'!4$L/!
!
!

)
GK$#$2)/$2)3$5;'%2)2$")%2=/6:$2)#%)/6)/%B)A&286,)
)
!
c/!b,1%(#,-?$M!!
Fivlippo",
Pelopovnnhso",
JEllhniko;",
jAqh'nai,
ajrchv.

e/!E(#,-?$!*171?,1(!$(*15'71(!@.$!#'%&$%;1%!17;.%'(!j&-2'(!;,-$;'(!@.$!1*1,$#$%!$%!$(&1!7$##-:%/!
!
-W<\YZ[..-eW'02'0.[U0<-aY>'
=,! 0'! -(,2! A0'! L6Y! (&$i&0! f-2+2! 0$! '(1\$fY! 7&0A0! A0,0+70r()! /&$-#2$0,! A0! <<! -2$! 2! ,#$!
7)072,#-#D$.!<2+2!L6!/2)+(!'(,!2)(-#2$0,!1)($,#1#E(,.!
!
`)(A&-0@!!
1. OiJ tou' ajggevlou lovgoi sofoiv eijsi kai; tou;" jAqhnaivou" peivqousin.
2. j'W jAqhnai'oi, deinoiv eijsin oiJ tou' polevmou kivndunoi.
3. Ma;kron to;n tau'ron blevpw.
4. JO tu;ranno" th;n ajrch;n e[cei.
5. Tou;" fivlou" stevrgw kai; tou;" tw'n fivlwn fivlou".
6. Eij" to;n ajgro;n a[gw tou;" iJvppou".
!!
!
,
,
G_G\.-.-YU'.Y`"2G`G<0\-YU'"0\0'G2'"\-`G\'GX0`GW>'
'
B.!b=`bLJ=b";c3!X0'!E2-(R&'()#2!0,1^!(!-2$1#$&(-#D$Z@!
f!='!V2+R)0!R&0$2!A0!0,(!)0%#D$!0,!0'![0/0!A0!'2,!%)#0%2,!0$0+#%2,!
!
!
fC(!E0)A(AY!72)!&$!'(A2Y!0,!R&0$(Y!7&0,!0,!&$(!E#)1&AY!70)2Y!72)!21)2!'(A2Y!0,!+('(.!
!
!
fC(!-(R0K(!A0'!($#+('!V0)+2,2!0,!0'!('#+0$12!A0!'2,!V0)+2,2,!-(R(''2,!%)#0%2,.!
!
!
f='!1#)($2!%)#0%2!A0'!7(\,!,(R#2!0,!&$!($#+('!A0!-(R0K(!A0!-(R(''2.!
!
!
f*4"4!4!*C>b4C!C4!Lb4<;c3!43`=b;Lb!X0$!%)#0%2Z!
!
!
f='!1#)($2!0,!0'!0$0+#%2!A0!'(!E#)1&A!F!0'!('#+0$12!A0!'2!+('2.!
!
!
fC(,!E#)1&A0,!,2$!+&-V(,!Xpollaiv)Y!&$(!R&0$(,Y!21)(,!+('(,.!
!
!
!
!

fC2,!V2+R)0,!A0!'(,!)0%#2$0,!R^)R()(,!$2!,2$!R&0$2,Y!A0!&$(!,\Y!A0!21)(!$2.!
!
!
f='!V2+R)0!A0'!-(R(''2!R&0$2!A0'![0/0!,(R#2!0,!&$!+('!0$0+#%2!A0!0,1(!)0%#D$.!
!
!
G.!="<b;j=!=3!:4t}"<>C4"!C4!8b4"=!5b;=54!43`=b;Lb.!
!
!
H.!*L3!=3!";35>C4b!t!=3!*C>b4C@!
f0,12,!V2+R)0,!,(R#2,!
f0,1(,!('+(,!,(R#(,!
f(!'(!)0%#D$!%)#0%(!
f('!('+(!R&0$(!
f0'!V2+R)0!%)#0%2!
fA0'!-(R(''2!V0)+2,2!
fA0!'(!)0%#D$!V0)+2,(!
fA0'!($#+('!V0)+2,2!
!
56789:;8<=64!
!"#$%&'()* trofhv, -h", hJ !+&,%)-)***********************kalov", -hv, -ovn
!"#%"* yuvch, -h", hJ !+)%.,&/*-&,*+0%"')*** a[nqrwpo", -ou, oJ
!"'$%"#* zw/'on, -ou, tov !1&2&/*30&4)* ajrcov",-ou' oJ
!.5,.",)* barbarov", -ovn !10-()* divkaio", -a, -on
!.0&')* ajgaqov", -hv,-ovn !%"#)* kakov", -av, -ovn
!6"."##)***************************ivppo", -ou, oJ !,&7$8'* cwvra, -a", hJ
!6".&9"***************************kefalhv, -h", hJ !-".$)* sofov", hv, ovn
!&'&%$7)* ejcqrov", -av, -ovn !($,"')* tuvranno", ou, oJ
!7,$&7)* Jellhnikov", -on, !:&,3"3* ajlhvqeia, -a", hJ
* !:$,(03* ajrethv, -h", hJ
*

*
,-./0';)&'G2'0.[U0<-aY&'20'Y\0.-eW'<\0WU-<-a0&'
!
=$!%)#0%2Y!-2+2!0$!'(1\$Y!'(,!7('(R)(,!,0!0$&$-#($!0$!$2+#$(1#E2!F!0$!%0$#1#E2Y!,#0$A2!U,10!0'!-(,2!
i&0!$2,!#$/2)+(!,2R)0!'(!A0-'#$(-#D$!(!i&0!70)10$0-0!0'!,&,1($1#E2.!
t(! V0+2,! E#,12! ('! V(R'()! A0'! ()1\-&'2! 0,12,! A2,! -(,2,m! '(,! A0,#$0$-#(,! A0! '(! 7)#+0)(! F! ,0%&$A(!
A0-'#$(-#D$!,2$@!
! "=5>364!60-'#$(-#D$! *b;:=b4!!60-'#$(-#D$!!
!
! ";35>C4b! *C>b4C! ";35>C4b
! *C>b4C!
32+.! -o" -on -oi -a -a -h -ai
4-&,.! -on -ou" -a -an -hn -a"
!!
!!
!
!

!
='!4<>"4`;JL!70)+#10!'(!/2)+(-#D$!A0!Y\0.-YWGU'<\0WU-<-a0U@!
!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!32+.!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
4-&,.!
L).!`)($,. !!!!!!fffffffffff!!k!J0)R2!1)($,#1#E2!k!fffffff
fff!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!">]=`L!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!L.!
6.!!
!
'
":9'#:'%$7%:('7:'35'%9$%$'B$'45#'A59F:'*:8@#$%6A:('N@5'53'67*:?8$%6F#5'*:7'5#'YZ('367:'45'
A59F:3'*@B$3'4536757*6$3'45#'"95357%5'45'-746*$%6A:'3:7>'
'
'
' =$!'(!8;<o4!BI!10!
' 7)0,0$1(+2,! '(,!
By7.!,%.@!! -w %0$0)('#A(A0,! A0'!
Hy7.!,%.@!!!! -ei E0)R2!%)#0%2.!
Hy7.!7'.@!!! Cs2$1#'j'-ousi. !

#
!
!

'. h\qo" ajnqrwvpw/ daivmwn


(JHravkleito")31

*
"+0."$%-)3*-)5*"+$%-"3**
)#"+%4'*$#"'.%$%-"3*!#&!).%+%)'&.3*
!

1. JO sofo;" a[nqrwpo" th;n penivan ouj feuvgei 32, alla; th;n ajdikivan.
2. To;n me;n bivon diwvkousi pavnte" oiJ a[nqrwpoi, to;n de; qavnaton feuvgousin.
3. JO me;n divkaio" ta; divkaia33 pravttei, oJ d v ajvdiko" ta; a[dika.
4. Polloi; oiJ potamoiv ejk th'" gh'" eij" th;n qavlattan fevrousi to; u{dwr.
5. {Hde hJ povli"34 kalou;" tou;" novmou" e[cei.
6. Tou' dikaivou ajndro;" kai; th'" dikaiva" gunaikov" ejsti35 ta; e[rga divkaia.
7. OiJ sofoi; gignwvskousi to;n a[ndra divkaion ejk tw'n e[rgwn, ajll j oujk ejk tw'n lovgwn: oiJ
ga;r polloi;36 eu\ levgousin, ta; d v e[rga e[cousi kakav.
8. AiJ jAqh'nai povli" tw'n jAqhnaivwn eijsi kai; e[cei tou;" ajrivstou" th'" JEllavdo"
a[ndra", kai; poihta;" kai; strathgou;" kai; ijatrouv".
9.- JO povlemo" pavntwn me;n path;r ejsti, pavntwn de; basileuv", kai; tou;" me;n poiei' douvlou",
tou;" d v ejleuqevrou".
10. Puqagovra" oJ filovsofo" th;n megavlhn dovxan e[cei kai; pollou;" me;n lambavnei maqhta;"ejk
tw'n povlewn th'" JEllavdo", ouj movnon a[ndra" ajlla; kai; gunai'ka", pollou;" de; ajpo; th'" tw'n
barbavrwn cwvra".
!
7f7R#"#"CK(&
!
[/Q'2*7$&1!$7!#.14,'!(-;.-$%&$M!
!
& K1./0,*4& S,04*,& K1./0,*4& S,04*,&
3.! hJ eijrhvnh ! hJ kalh; cwvra !
"=(, , ! ! !
D*;(, , ! ! !
3.!! oJ divkaio" novmo" ! to; kalo;n dw'ron !
"=(, , ! ! !
D*;(, , ! ! !
!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
31! !0$,3#7-&'!4$!hG$('!G.$!.%!G-7:('G'!;,-$;'!@.$!$(#,-?-:!.%!7-?,'!('?,$!71!D1&.,17$B16!F:7'!#'%($,J12'(!
G,1;2$%&'(!4$!(.!'?,1/!F.!23=-21!23(!#j7$?,$!$(!LK$#$)@/&B%D)"$)36B)"6#6)+"5M:+/)B)"$)2%)#%2=+%"#%)#$2)
:%=%2)%")%/)5+25$)'C$L,)
32! !Y$#.$,41! @.$! $7! ,j;-2$%! 4$! .%! J$,?'! $%! $(*15'7! %'! &-$%$! @.$! #'-%#-4-,! #'%! $7! 4$! (.! (-;%-G-#14'!
;,-$;'M! feuvgw!{!"#.(1&-J's!basileuvw {!\$%-&-J'6u!
33! !E%! ;,-$;'6! #'2'! $%! 71&+%6! &'4'(! 7'(! D'2-%1&-J'(6! J'#1&-J'(! )! 1#.(1&-J'(! DEPbYVF! _IPY"IEF!
&-$%$%!71!4$(-%$%#-1!|S1!<Sa>/!
34! !D'! $(! 7'! 2-(2'! $7! (.(&1%&-J'! povli"! <=+&#6#! S*'7+&-#16! 2$&,:*'7-///>! @.$! $7! 14A$&-J'! poluv"! <5&=3$) S
*'7-&j#%-#'6!*'7-G1#j&-#'///>!
35! !E7!J$,?'!eijmiv!{!;$%-&-J'M!2%')('$(+$)#%/!E(!0.&/-.1:1D3&53+-+1D3/!
36! !Y$#.$,41!71!4-G$,$%#-1!$%&,$!polloiv!<e>!5&=3$2)!!)!oiJ polloiv!<n>!76)56B$'C6/!
!
!

Z/!!F$5171!71(!*171?,1(!4$!,*&:-49-4*&2-9,1.*91@.!@.$!1*1,$#$%!$%!$7!&$=&'!)!1;,H*171(!*',!#1('(/!
!
c/!E(#,-?$!$%!;,-$;'M!
028$2)3$5;'%2)(%'2+1&%")6)/62)5&A%'%2,)
K$#$2)/$2)26;+$2)3&B%")#%)/6)+"A&28+=+6,)
F$2)#+$2%2)#%)N'%=+6)//%:6")/6)(6<)6)/$2)3$5;'%2/!
!
e/!94$%&-G-#1!7'(!j&-2'(!;,-$;'(!)!A.(&-G-#1!$7!(-;%-G-#14'!4$)6'+28M='686D)628'M"$5$D);6';6'+#6#D)#+"$26&'+$D)
%28'68%16D)%&86"62+6D)1+"%=M/$1$D)3%#$"+25$D)3%'56@'$#+86D)O%2$($865+6D))$'8$#$P$D))('M/$1$D)(2+Q&+68'6/!
!
W/!b,1%(#,-?$M!paravdoxa, Xevrxe", suntavxi", ajxivwma, jAnaxagovra".
!
i/!P?-#1!$%!$7!&-$2*'!1!0$,3#7-&'!)!1!_-&3;',1(/!
!
n/!!b,14.#$!71(!(-;.-$%&$(!',1#-'%$(!1&$%4-$%4'!1!71!G.%#-:%!4$!7'(!1#.(1&-J'(M!
!!
1. JO iJvppo" to;n tau'ron blevpei.
2. To;n iJvppon oJ tau'ro" blevpei.
3. OiJ iJvppoi blevpousi tou;" tauvrou".
4. Blevpousi tou;" i{ppou" oiJ tau'roi.
5. To;n ptwco;n oJ dou'lo" blevpei.
6. JO ptwco;" to;n dou'lon blevpei.
7. OiJ dou'loi blevpousi tou;" ptwcouv".
8. OiJ ptwcoi; blevpousi tou;" douvlou".
9. JO tuvranno" diwvkei to;n filovsofon.
10. To;n tuvranno" feuvgei oJ filovsofo".
11. OiJ tuvrannoi diwvkousi tou;" filosovfou".
12. Feuvgousi tou;" turavnnou" oiJ filovsofoi.
!
-W<\YZ[..-eW'02'Z0<-aY>'
`)(A&-0!'(,!,#%&#0$10,!2)(-#2$0,!#$10$1($A2!)0-2$2-0)!'(,!A0,#$0$-#(,!A0!'2,!A(1#E2,!F!'(,!/2)+(,!
A0'!()1\-&'2@!
!
1. Polla; zw/'av ejsti toi'" ajnqrwvpoi" fivla.
2. Toi'" ajnqrwvpoi" ejsti; kalo;n tw'n qew'n dw'ron u{pno".
3. JO ajgro;" mestov" ejsti ajnqw'n kai; kalov" ejsti toi'" tevknoi".
4. Ta; tw'n gewrgw'n zw/'av ejstin ejn toi'" ajgroi'".
5. Devndra pollav ejstin ejn tw/' pedivw/ kai; karpou;" fevrei.
6. Ouj rJa/vdiav ejsti ta; tw'n douvlwn ejvrga ejn tai'" povlesi.
! ejn E$,(FG%H$!$!"#
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
2)/3"$H41$!"$-,):%,"$.$!"$#%'(&*"$*%/!)&"/)6&$
!
!

!
<2$! '2! E#,12! V(,1(! (V2)(Y! ,D'2! i&0A(! 72)! -2$2-0)! 0'! E2-(1#E2! F! A0'! A(1#E2! A0! '(,! A2,! 7)#+0)(,!
A0-'#$(-#2$0,.! ='! JL<4`;JL! 0,! 0'! -(,2! A0! '(! /&$-#D$! (70'(1#E(m! ,&0'0! (7()0-0)! 0$1)0! -2+(,! F!
%0$0)('+0$10!7)0-0A#A2!A0!'(!#$10)[0--#D$!w\.!
='!64`;JLY![&$12!('!E('2)!7)#$-#7('!A0!L;Y!A0,0+70r(!1(+R#U$!/&$-#2$0,!-#)-&$,1($-#('0,Y!F(!,0(!
7)0-0A#A2! A0! 7)072,#-#D$! Xejn, suvnZ! 2! ,#$! 0''(@! <<! -2+7(r\(Y! <<! '2-(1#E2! F! <<! #$,1)&+0$1('.!
4A0+^,Y! 7)0,0$1(! E('2)0,! ,0+0[($10,! (! '2,! i&0! 1#0$0! 0$! '(1\$Y! -2+2! 72)! 0[0+7'2! %/*! k! 6(1#E2 !
10$0).!

)1$*%/!)&"/)6&$"!2"L0%:J0)/"$MHN$*%/!)&"/)6&O$
<2+7)0$A0@! f,&,1($1#E2,!+(,-&'#$2,!F!/0+0$#$2,!
! f(A[01#E2,!/0+0$#$2,!
! f12A2,!'2,!7()1#-#7#2,!/0+0$#$2,!
<'(,#/#-(-#D$@!
! ! -a ,! f%0$#1#E2!0$!-a"
! $2+R)0,!/0+0$#$2,!0$! -a!Y! f%0$#1#E2!0$!-h"
! ! -h ,! f%0$#1#E2!0$!-h"
!
! ! -a" ,!!!! f%0$#1#E2!0$!-ou
! $2+R)0,!+(,-&'#$2,!0$!! -h"!Y! f%0$#1#E2!0$!fou.
!
"0!''(+($!10+(,!0$!$#J$'8@9$!(i&0''2,!/0+0$#$2,!i&0!1#0$0$!$2+#$(1#E2!0$!-a!X0,!A0-#)Y!7)0-0A#A(!
A0!-e-, -i-, -r-Z!F!%0$#1#E2!-a".
"0!''(+($!7:?F953'*:7%9$*%:3'(i&0''2,!0$!'2,!i&0!'(!faf!A0'!10+(!E(!7)0-0A#A(!72)!faf!2!fefY!E2-('!
i&0!('!0$-2$1)(),0!-2$!'(!A0'!10+(!7)2A&-0!&$(!-2$1)(--#D$@!(!k!( !(Y!!0!k!(! !V.!Xgh'"# gev-aZ!

! ";35>C4b!! *C>b4C! 6>4C!


-a, -a" -a -h" -h, -h" -a", -ou -h",-ou
! 80+0$#$2! :(,-&'#$2! :9893! :9893!
D'2! -a -a -h -a" -h" -ai -a
R'#/! -a -a -h -a -a -ai -a
"#/! -an -an -hn -an -hn -a" -a
\$%/! -a" -h" -h" -ou -ou -wn -ain
N1&/! -a/ -h/ -h/ -a/ -h/ -ai" -ain

b0-&0)A(!i&0!0$!%)#0%2!0_#,10!0'!$l+0)2!A&('Y!A0'!i&0!(l$!i&0A($!E0,1#%#2,!0$!o2+0)2Y!F!i&0!0$!0'!
^1#-2!A0'!,.!J!V(!7)^-1#-(+0$10!A0,(7()0-#A2.!

))1$*%/!)&"/)6&$0%:J0)/" [o P$e] MQN$*%/!)&"/)6&O$


<2+7)0$A0@!
! f,&,1($1#E2,!F!(A[01#E2,!+(,-&'#$2,!0$!fo"
! f,&,1($1#E2,!F!(A[01#E2,!$0&1)2,!0$!fon
! f12A2,!'2,!7()1#-#7#2,!7(,#E2,!F!+0A#2,!!!
! f'2,!(A[01#E2,!E0)R('0,!!0$!!fo"!F!0$!!fon.!
! f('%&$2,!,&,1($1#E2,!/0+0$#$2,!0$!fo"
!
!
!
!

=$!0'!A#('0-12!^1#-2!('%&$2,!$2+R)0,!A0!'(!,0%&$A(!A0-'#$(-#D$!('()%($!'(!929!A0'!10+(!0$!9w9Y!i&0!('!
-2$1(-12!-2$!'(,!A0,#$0$-#(,Y!7)2A&-0!'2,!-(+R#2,!E2-^'#-2,!0,70)(A2,.!"0!''(+(!(!U,1(!45*#67$*6=7'
S%6*$.!
!
<2+2!0$!'(!A0-'#$(-#D$!A0!'2,!10+(,!0$!faY!0_#,10$!7:?F953'*:7%9$*%:3!0$!'2,!i&0!'(!929!A0'!10+(!
E(!7)0-0A#A(!A0!f2f!2!A0!f0fY!F!'(,!E2-('0,!0$!-2$1(-12!,0!-2$1)(0$.!
!
! "#$%&'()! *'&)('! 6&('!
! +(,9/0+! $0&1)2! +(,9/0+! $0&1)2! +(,9/0+! $0&1)2!
32+.! -o" -on -oi -a -w -w
J2-.! -e -on -oi -a -w -w
4-.! -on -on -ou" -a -w -w
50$.! -ou -ou -wn -wn -oin -oin
6(1.! -w/ -w/ -oi" -oi" -oin -oin
!
!
,%#(:%&$*%$!"$-,):%,"$.$!"$#%'(&*"$*%/!)&"/)+&%#'''''''''''
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
U-WQ[20\GU>'
'
! ZG.2-W0.-eW'02,0C<G`g<-.0''' ZG.2-&'<G`g<-.0'
!;k'ZG.2-W0.-eW+'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''lYmGn'
!)k'ZG.2-W0.-eW+'
! -a, -a" -a -h" -h, -h" -a", -ou -h", -ou "#$%&'()! "#$%&'()!
! 8!0!+!0!$!#!$!2!,! :(,-&'#$2,! +9/! $0&1)2!
?7., sofiv a dovx a divk h neaniv-a" poiht-hv" biv-o" e[rg-on
K7=(, sofiv a dovx a divk h neaniv -a poiht-a` biv-e e[rg -on
"=(, sofiv an dovx an divk hn neaniv -an poiht-hvn biv-on e[rg -on
D*;(, sofiv a" dovx h" divk h" neaniv -ou poiht-ou' biv-ou e[rg -ou
G%'(, sofiv a/ dovx h/ divk h/ neaniv -a/ poiht-h/' biv-w/ e[rg -w/

"2[\02GU>'

! -a, -a" -a -h" -h, -h" -a", -ou -h", -ou *'&)('! *'&)('!
! 8!0!+!0!$!#!$!2!,! +(,-&'#$2,! +9/!! $0&1)2!
?7., sofiv ai dovx ai divk ai neaniv-ai poiht-aiv biv-oi e[rg -a
K7=(, sofiv ai dovx ai divk ai neaniv-ai poiht-aiv biv-oi e[rg -a
"=(, sofiv a" dovx a" divk a" neaniv-a" poiht-av" biv-ou" e[rg -a
D*;(, sofiv wn dovx wn divk wn neaniv-wn poiht-w'n biv-wn e[rg -wn
G%'(, sofiv ai" dovxai" divkai" neaniv-ai" poiht-ai'" biv-oi" e[rg -oi"

#
#
#
!
!

(" Krivnei fivlou" oJ kairov".


(Menavndro")

&1*("$%-)3*
!
1. Tw/' ajndri; sofw/' pa'sa hJ gh' patriv":
2. JvApa"37 tuvranno" ejcqro;" th'/ ejleuqeriva/ kai; toi'" novmoi" ejstivn.
3. jEn th/' JEllavdi ojlivgoi oiJ potamoiv eijsin kai; ouj polu; uJvdwr fevrousin.
4. Trei'" politei'ai pa'si toi'" ajnqrwvpoi" eijsivn38, turanni;" kai; ojligarci;a kai; dhmokrativa.
5. JO me;n Poseidw'n tou' u{datov" te kai; tw'n potamw'n kai; th'" qalavtth"39 basileuv" ejsti,
oJ de; Zeu;" panto;" tou' kovsmou40 deinw;"41 basileuvei.
6. JH tou' dikaivou ajndro;" dovxa kai; ejn toi'" qnhtoi'" kai; ejn toi'" qeoi'" ajei; ajqavnatov" ejstin.
7. JH ajrethv ejsti su;n me;n qeoi'", ejvsti de; kai;42 su;n ajnqrwvpoi" toi'" ajgaqoi'".
8. Pa'si oJ tuvranno" ejcqrov", tw/' novmw/, th'/ divkh/, toi'" qeoi'", th/' povlei, tw/' polivth/.
9. JH ajnavgkh pa'si kai; ajndravsi kai' gunaixi;43 kako;n tivktei kai; ajgaqovn.
!
7f7R#"#"CK^&
[/S!Q'2*7$&1!$7!#.14,'M!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
";35>C4b! *C>b4C!

3. oJ tovpo" hJ dovxa to; e[rgon

4.! ! ! ! ! ! !
5.! ! ! ! ! ! !
6.! ! ! ! ! ! !
!
Z/!"%17-B1!(-%&3#&-#12$%&$!)!&,14.#$!17!;,-$;'M!
R6B)5&=362)+"A&28+=+62)%")/6):+#6)#%)/$2)3$5;'%2,)
)
)
0/)'%B)1$;+%'"6)=$")A&28+=+6)/6)=+&#6#,)
!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
37! !a{pa"!($!4$#7-%1!)!$2*7$1!#'2'!pa'"!*$,'!#'%!.%!($%&-4'!23(!G.$,&$6!8$86/5%"8%D)($')%"8%'$/!
38! !Y$#.$,41!@.$!$7!J$,?'!#'*.71&-J'6!(-%!1&,-?.&'6!$@.-J17$!17!-2*$,('%17!36B/!
39! !I1!*'(-#-:%!4$7!;$%-&-J'6!;$%$,172$%&$6!7'!#'7'#1!NEI"DbE!4$7!&j,2-%'!17!@.$!#'2*7$2$%&1/!
40! !E7!*,-2$,!($%&-4'!4$!kovsmo"!<W>!!$(!$7!4$!$'#%"D)6'5$"C66!#'%!-4$1!4$!?$77$B1!<4$!1C+!L#'(2j&-#1L>/!
_1,$#$!@.$!_-&3;',1(!G.$!$7!*,-2$,'!$%!$2*7$1,!$7!&j,2-%'!*1,1!,$G$,-,($!17!.%-J$,('!1!#1.(1!4$!71!1,2'%+1!4$!
71(!*1,&$(!@.$!7'!#'2*'%$%!<4$!1C+!L#:(2-#'L>/!
41! !"!*1,&-,!4$!.%!14A$&-J'!($!G',21%!7'(!14J$,?-'(!4$!21%$,1!&$,2-%14'(!$%!-w" M!deinwv"M!8%''+;/%5%"8%/!
42! !Kaiv! *.$4$!&$%$,!-%!J17',!-%&$%(-J'!865;+9"D)+"=/&2$!<n>s!$(!.%!$2*7$'!*,:=-2'!17!($%&-4'!14J$,?-17!4$!
5+25$S)L%"8'%)/$2)3$5;'%2)5+25$)T)+"=/&2$,,L,/!
43! !I1!4$(-%$%#-1!4$!2*:1D3&5,04*,!4$!71!&$,#$,1!4$#7-%1#-:%!$(!-si6! ajndravsi pa'si. Q.1%4'!71!#'%('%1%&$!
G-%17!4$7!&$21!($!$%#.$%&,1!#'%!71!(-;216!($!*,'4.#$%!17&$,1#-'%$(!G'%j&-#1(M!
& S*,*:*,-+^&&dg k cP&g&s&h&x
& )*=1*,-+^&&&db p f)&g&s&h&y
& Y-.:*,-+^&&dd t q P&g&s&h&s
& Z*+*,-+^&&&&n&*.:-&+1/>*e&9*-(&
,
!
!

c/!b,1%(#,-?$M,oijkonomiva, dhmokrativa, oijkiva.

e/!Y$#'%'#$!7'(!j&-2'(!;,-$;'(!4$M!61'$"$5C6D)#%&8%'$"$5+$D)%"M/$1$D)3%/+$=9"8'+=$D)/+8$1'6@C6D)($/C1/$86D)
P%"$@$;+6/!!
!
W/!E#.1#-'%$(!4$!*171?,1(M!
1.- oJ Zeuv" = qeov", oJ iJvppo" =
2.- ajgaqov" = ponhrov"44, mevga" =
3.- feuvgw = diwvkw, didavskw=
4.- luphv = lupevw, lovgo"=
5.- kalov"= ajgaqov", aijscrov" =
6.- sofov" = sofiva, ejleuqerov" =
i/!bE8bVF!QVO_IEOEDb"Y9VF!7)&Y%?"bC&?%TQ"iZ&S`7Y7&K7R&#(#(M!
1.Pou' ejstin oJ gewrgov"m - jEn tw/' ajgrw/' ejstin.
2. OiJ tou'de tou' ajndro;" ajgroiv eijsi polloiv.
3. Pollou;" i{ppou" ejvcw.
4. Toi'" qeoi'" oiJ ajvnqrwpoi quvousin.
5. OiJ ejmoi; ajgroi; pollou;" kai; kalou;" fevrousi karpouv".

6. Kakou;" fevrousi karpou;" oiJ kakoi; ajgroiv.


7. Pollou;" fivlou" oJ dou'lo" ejvcei, kai; fivlo" eijmi; tw/' douvlw/.
8. {Hlio" ejn tw/' oujranw/' lavmpei.
9. Livqoi eijsi polloi; ejn toi'" ajgroi'".
10. OiJ i{ppoi eijsi; toi'" ajvnqrwvpoi" crhstoiv.

11. OiJ gewrgoi; toi'" tw'n ajgrw'n qeoi'" quvousin.


12. Novmoi divkaioiv eijsi tw'/ tw'n jAqhnaivwn dhvmw/.
13. Karpou;" fevrousin oiJ dou'loi toi'" tou' gewrgou' fivloi".
14. Toi'" ponhroi'" ouj polloiv eijsi fivloi.
15. OiJ crhstoi; tou;" ponhrou;" ouj filou'sin.

16. OiJv me;n crhstoiv eijsin, oi{ de; ponhroiv. Toi'" me;n oiJ qeoi; ajgaqoiv eijsi, toi'" dv oujk.
17. Ponhroi'" lovgoi" lupou'si tou;" ajnqrwvpou" oiJ kakoiv.
18. Ponhra; poiou'sin oiJ ponhroi; kai; crhsta; oiJ crhstoiv.
19. Fivlou" e[cw tw'/ kovsmw/, jAqhnaivou" kai; xevnou".
20. Tai'" glwvttai" poiou'sin oiJ a[nqrwpoi kai; polla; ajgaqa; kai; polla; kakav.
Pollw'n lupw'n aijvtiaiv eijsin aiJ ponhrai; glw'ttai.

-W<\YZ[..-eW'0'20'<G\.G\0'ZG.2-W0.-eWM!E%!#141!;,.*'!4$!*171?,1(!(.?,1)1!71!@.$!
%'!&-$%$!$7!2-(2'!#1('!)!%H2$,'!@.$!71(!'&,1(!&,$(M!
1. qavnato", qeov", paidov", h{lio".
2. metabolhv, zhmiva, timhv, pravgmata.
3. pai'da, ajlhvqeia, ajvrconta, ajvndra.
4. gunai'ke", poihthv", ajstevre", tuvrannoi.
5. ajdelfou', JEllavdo", novmo", ajndrov".
6. neaniva", ajvggelo", dw'ra, ajdikiva.

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
44! !/ponhrov"L, <*;*&%:.*;'*, 9*;'-47, .7&%:L, 9%-1%4'7( 4)*:'3)*$'S, )*&7, %, .*;147, '%.2-M;, *;, 9*;'-47, .%'*&-%:L,
4)&),$0'*'7(9%-'7(4)(9%-%(,%-#4%4(,
, /crhstov"L, *;, 9*;'-47, .7&%:L, 5'34%4'*'7(5)3)&%,$'.7( :'3)*$';;;S, 7, *;, 9*;'-47, .%'*&-%:L, <$#-7( *).1#5-)7( 4)( 50)3%(
,%-#4%4(,
!
!

2)/3"$H71$/!"#)2)/"/)6&$%#R(%:J0)/"$*%$!+#$9%,5+#$%&$
',)%'+1$!"$9+S$"/0)9"$.$%!$-,%#%&0%$*%$)&*)/"0)9+1$
,
,
='!,#,10+(!E0)R('!%)#0%2!'2,!-'(,#/#-(!0$!E0)R2,!`=:~`;<L"!F!4`=:~`;<L"@!
,

!
!
!
!
*P! b7RQCK&?7Tj?"#CK&3&D-4=3+&-.&[w&
I'$*+$9"&-0$$$$$ +"$&"+.1-&."5J&
$ $ 9"&-0$K3+-0$7*0$.*#-$E$9"&-0$"$734."+2"$7*53+*+&3-0$L$&"+.1-&&3"+*5$
$ $ "4.'$:1*5'-&.'J$7*53+*+&3-5$*54*&3-0*5J$-oihn, -oih", -oih
$ K>.>1"B$-"135."$M$4*1K*&."J$-0-12-+$0-$9"&-0$-+.*$#"1K*#-$.*#4"1-0$
$
$
!
!

N'" *+$&"+5"+-+.*J$
! ! #>7"5J$
!
C4j;4C@ pw, bw, fw, ptw
!
!
J=C4b@!kw, gw, cw, ttw
!
!
6=3`4C@!dw, tw, qw, zw
!
!
0OP>37"5J$
$ $ 41*5*+.*$*$3#4*1K*&."J$.*#-$1*K"1;-7"J$
! ! ! flw!!!!{!!fllw! ! Xsaggelf!!{!ajggevllwZ!
! ! ! fnw!!!!{!!fivnw ! Xsfanf!!!!!!{!faivnwZ!
! ! ! fmw!!!!{!!fmnw! ! Xstemf!!!!!!{!tevmnwZ!
! ! ! frw !!{!!fivrw! ! Xsarf!!!!!!!!{!ai[rwZ!
! ! f!
F&! aG\dYU'0<G`g<-.YU':'A59F:3'57'Cmi>'ac0UG',-./0'I1&'
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
2)/3"$H81$/!"#)2)/"/)6&$*%$!"#$+,"/)+&%#1$+,"/)+&%#$
/+:-!%0)9"#$*%$)&2)&)0)9+1$
!
0&'.20U-,-.0.-eW''ZG'20U'Y\0.-YWGU'
&
! ! ! V%'21&'*$)1!
! ! ! 9%&$,A$##-'%$(! ! ! !
! P%-J$,?17$(! R'#1&-J'(!
[/!_VY!FP!E8bEDF9}DM! ! 92*$,1&-J'(!
! !
! !!!!_7.,-J$,?17$(/!
!
!
Z/!F9DbkQb9Q"OEDbEM!!!!!F-2*7$(!!!l!!Q'2*.$(&1(!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!! ! _,-%#-*17$(!l!F$#.%41,-1(! !
! ! ! Q'',4-%141(lF.?',4-%141(!
! !
! !
!
c/!_VY!FP!QVDbED9NVM!!!!E%.%#-1&-J1(!<"G-,21&-J1(!'!D$;1&-J1(>!
! E=#7121&-J1(!
! N$(-4$,1&-J1(!
! 9%&$,,';1&-J1(/!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

!
!
!
e/S!_IPY9REYd"IEFM!
!
! [/!D'2-%17$(!'!"&,-?.&-J1(M!!!!!!!!S_.,1!
! ! SQ'*.71&-J1!
! Z/!R$,?17$(!'!_,$4-#1&-J1(M!
! ! ! Sb,1%(-&-J1|!l!9%&,1%(-&-J1!
! ! ! SY$G7$=-J1M;$%$,172$%&$!$%!J'B!2$4-1/!
! ! ! S92*$,('%17$(M!(.$7$%!77$J1,!.%!-%G-%-&-J'!$%!G.%#-:%!4$!(.A$&'/!
! ! ! S_1(-J1(M!4$(-%$%#-1(!J$,?17$(!2$4-1(!{!";$%&$!~ujpov {!;$%-&-J'!
! ~|M!$%!;,-$;'!C1)!J$,?'(!@.$!,-;$%!#1('(!4$&$,2-%14'(!
!
!
!
d&'20U'Y\0.-YWGU'.Y`"2G<-a0U'
!
F'%!71(!',1#-'%$(!-%&,'4.#-41(!$%!$(*15'7!*',!71!#'%A.%#-:%!Q&%!<!€!4$7!,$71&-J'!>/!E@.-J17$%!7:;-#12$%&$!1!
.%!(.(&1%&-J'!'!1!.%!*,'%'2?,$!)6!*',!&1%&'6!*.$4$%!!4$($2*$51,!(.(!G.%#-'%$(/!
!
E%!;,-$;'!*.$4$%!#'%(&,.-,($!',1#-'%$(!#'2*7$&-J1(!#'%!#'%A.%#-'%$(!<o{ti, wJ">6!#'%!*1,&-#-*-'!*,$4-#1&-J'!,$;-4'!
*',!4$&$,2-%14'(!J$,?'(6!'!#'%!-%G-%-&-J'/!
!
&
.&'20U'Y\0.-YWGU'ZG'-W,-W-<-aY&'
!
E7!-%G-%-&-J'!(-ein / -esqai; ei\nai!4$!eijmiv>!4$($2*$51!71(!G.%#-'%$(!4$7!(.(&1%&-J'6!)!*.$4$!-,!(.(&1%&-J14'!*',!$7!
1,&+#.7'!$%!%$.&,'!(-%;.71,!tov/!b,14.#$!*',!-%G-%-&-J'!$(*15'7/!
!
1>!9%G-%-&-J'!$%!G.%#-:%!4$!FPaEbVM!
S#'%!J$,?'(!-2*$,('%17$(M!crhv!<$(!%$#$(1,-'>v, dei'!<#'%J-$%$>/!
S#'%!*$,+G,1(-(!%'2-%17$(!#'%!$7!J$,?'!2%'M!ajnagkhv ejstin ei\nai ajgaqov".
!
?>!9%G-%-&-J'!$%!G.%#-:%!4$!VNM!
! S#'%!J$,?'(!4$!*$%(12-$%&'6!7$%;.1!)!J'7.%&14/!
!
!
_$,'! $7! -%G-%-&-J'! @.$! 4$($2*$51! $(&1(! G.%#-'%$(6! *.$4$! %'! 77$J1,! $7! 2-(2'! (.A$&'! @.$! $7! J$,?'! 4$! 71! ',1#-:%!
*,-%#-*17/! E%! &17! #1('6! 71! &,14.##-:%! )1! %'! $(! *',! $7! -%G-%-&-J'! $(*15'76! (-%'! @.$! 71! (-%&1=-(! ($! #'2*7-#1! $%! 71(!
7712141(!V,1#-'%$(!4$!-%G-%-&-J'6!@.$!&,14.#$%!',1#-'%$(!#'2*7$&-J1(M!
!
S(-!$7!(.A$&'!4$7!-%G-%-&-J'!%'!#'-%#-4$!#'%!$7!4$7!J$,?'!*,-%#-*176!1*1,$#$,3!$%!#1('!"#.(1&-J'/!
!
bouvlomai e[rcesqai eij" th;n oijkivan!M!UV$W)Q&+%'$)+')6)/6)=626,)
!! ! !!!!-%G/!
!
bouvlomai to;n dou'lon e[rcesqai!///!!!!UV$W)Q&+%'$)Q&%)%/)%2=/6:$):6B6)6,,,,)
! ! ! ! !!!"&[012!A0'!#$/.!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!0$!(-&,.!

!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

!
!

". Crhsto;" ponhroi'" ouj titrwvsketai lovgoi".


(Menavndro")

*
&1*%'6%'%$%-)3*)#"+%)'&.**+),!1&$%-".*
1. Oujdei;"45 kako;" ei\nai ejqevlei.
2. Pavnte" oiJ a[nqrwpoi ejqevlousi fivlou" e[cein.
3. To; me;n uJgiaivnein a[riston ajndri; qnhtw/', deuvteron de; to; kalo;n kai; ajgaqo;n ei\nai, trivton
de; to; dikaivw" ploutei'n, tevtarton de; su;n fivloi" to; to;n bivon diavgein.
4. Crhv th;n ajlhvqeian ajei; levgein.
5. Dei' tou;" ajnqrwvpou" oujk ejn th'/ oijkiva/ to;n plou'ton kai; th;n penivan e[cein, ajll j ejn
tai'" yucai'".
6. JO Swkravth" levgei o{ti hJdonaiv tine" eijsin, aiJ me;n ajgaqaiv, aiJ de; kakaiv.
7. Dokei' moi a[xion ei\nai tou' Swkravtou" mimnhvskesqai.
8. JH divkh ejstin to; tou;" fivlou" eu\ poiei'n kai; tou;" ejcqrou;" kakw'".
9. JO Lusiva" levgei o{ti crh; nomivzein oujdevna tw'n ajnqrwvpwn ei\nai fuvsei ou[te
ojligarciko;n ou[te dhmokratikovn.
10. Fobou'sin oiJ a[nqrwpoi dikaivw" ta;" tw'n qew'n ojrgav": poiou'sin ga;r deinw;" lupa;" oiJ qeoi;
toi'" qnhtoi'".
,
G_G\.-.-YU&'
B.f<2+7'01(@!
!
, 0O?Dc8"!, $8c!"8, 0O?Dc8"!, $8c!"8,
oJ ajnhvr hJ
,?(,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, gunhv
"(, , ,
D. tou' ajndrov" , th'" gunaikov" ,
G(, ,,,,,,, , , ,
!
& e[cw diwvkw eijmiv
c‚!*/!(;/!_,$($%&$!9%4-#1&-J'! ! ! !
c‚!*/!*7/!_,$($%&$!9%4-#1&-J'! ! ! !
9%G-%-&-J'!!_,$($%&$!1#&-J'! ! ! !
!
!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
45! !oujdeiv"S, 3%4#)7( 3%4%( *9, 1;%, ;*<%=->;, =7.)1*9'%, X, oujd' v eiJ'" 3#( 03'(, $1*4*, -&, )&*=*4-47, 4*, 1;%, ;*<%=->;, ouj, b1*, :7,
&*+1*&`%S,B,)1*4*;,%=1.1:%&9*,6%&-%9,+7&.%9,9*<1-4%9L,oujdei;" oujde;n poiei'(,?7,=7;+1;4%9,:%,=7;31;=->;,oujdev, =3#(>(=7;,:%9,
+7&.%9,;*1'&%9,4*:,)&7;7.2&*S,b1*,+1;=-7;%;,4*,913*'7,7,4*,5G(,
,

!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

!
!
G.!!8#[^$A210!0$!'2,!0'0+0$12,!i&0!-2+72$0$!0,12,!1U)+#$2,Y!#$10$1(!A0A&-#)!0'!,#%$#/#-(A2@!
!
a[qeo"
ajndrovguno"
dhmagwgov"
poluavndrion
filoxevno"
H.!`)($,-)#R0@!Ai[sculo", paidagwgov", fainovmenon.
!
I.!!"&R2)A#$(!0,1(,!2)(-#2$0,!(!!dei':
To; ajgaqo;n kalovn ejstin.
JO qeo;" pavnta blevpei.
JO pai'" tou;" i{ppou" evcei.
OiJ qeoi; ajei; th;n povlin filou'sin.
JO divkaio" pa'san th;n ajlhvqeian levgei.
To; zw/'on yuch;n evcei.
!
M.!<2$,1)&F0!2)(-#2$0,!A0!#$/#$#1#E2!A0!(-&0)A2!-2$!0'!0[0+7'2!F!&1#'#K($A2!'(,!/2)+(,!E0)R('0,!A0!!levgw!!!
2!! fhmiv @!
-jAqhnai'oi sofoiv eijsin = ejgwv fhmi jAqhnaivou" sofou;" ei\nai.

"\GUGW<G'-WZ-.0<-aY'
levg- w fh- miv
levg- ei" fh/v- " -oJ ajvdiko" ponhrov" ejstin = hJmei'"............
levg- ei fh- siv -oiJ tuvrannoi di;" sofoiv eijsin = Mevnandro"....
levg- omen fa- mevn -ajgaqovn ejsti sofiva = ejgw;.....
levg- ete fa- tev -ouj pa'sai aiJ hJdonai; kakaiv dokousin= oiJ ajvndre"...
levg- ousi fa- siv -hJ gh' kuvklia ejstin = oJ filovsofo"....

N.! `)(A&-0! 0,1(,! 2)(-#2$0,! F! ,&,1#1&F0! levgw 72)! fhmiv! 10$#0$A2! 0$! -&0$1(! i&0Y! +#0$1)(,! 0'! 7)#+0)2!
(A+#10! -2$,1)&--#2$0,! -2$! #$/#$#1#E2! 2! -2$! -2$[&$-#D$Y! 0'! ,0%&$A2! ,D'2! (A+#10! -2+7'01#E(,! A0!
#$/#$#1#E2@!
-Plavtwn levgei o{ti oiJ filovsofoi tou;" qeou;" nomivzousin.
-oJ poihth;" levgei o{ti oiJ qeoi; th;n povlin e[cousin.
-levgomen o{ti eijrhvnhn oiJ a[ndre" a[gousin.
-oJ filovsofo" levgei o{ti ta;" hJdona;" diwvkousin oiJ a]nqrwpoi.

O." `=|`L"!<L:*C=:=3`4b;L"@!
1. OiJ qeoi; keleuvousi toi'" ajnqrwvpoi" ei\nai crhstoiv (crhstouv").
2. OiJ me;n dou'loiv eijsin, oiJ d j ejleuvqeroi.
3. OiJ me;n a[nqrwpoi lovgon e[cousi, ta; d j a[lla zw/'a oujk e[cei.
4. Proshvkei crhsto;n ei\nai toi'" fivloi".
5. jEleuqevrw/ proshvkei crhstw'/ (crhsto;n) ei\nai toi'" fivloi".
6. jAnqrwvpw/ crhstw/' proshvkei quvein toi'" qeoi'".
7. Toi'" nevoi" proshvkei ei\nai wjfelimouv" kai; filoxevnou" (wjfelimoi'" kai; filoxevnoi").
8. Toi'" ejleuqevroi" proshvkei eu\ poiei'n tou;" douvlou".
9. OiJ qeoi; oujk ajei; eu\ poiou'si tou;" ajnqrwvpou".
10. Zw/'a ejn toi'" ajgroi'" trevcei.
!
!
-W<\YZ[..-eW'0'20'aYo'`GZ-0>'

!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

!
!
-Kairov" ejsti quvesqai tw/' Dionuvsw/, tw/' tou' oi[nou qew/'.
-Tou;" xevnou" eu\ devcesqai proshvkei. OiJ ejmoi; fivloi devcontai eu\ tou;" xevnou".
-Pollw'n oJ kairo;" givgnetai didavskalo".

!
2)/3"$HB1$"1$!"$9+S$:%*)"$.$!"$9+S$-"#)9"$
!
C(,!A0,#$0$-#(,!+0A#(,!A0'!*)0,.!A0!;$A#-.!X0,!A0-#)Y!'(,!A0,#$0$-#(,!*b;:4b;4"Z!,2$@!
By!7.!,%.!@ - o - mai
Gy!7.!,%.!@!- e - sai { h/
Hy!7.!,%.!@!- e - tai
By!7.!7'.!@!- o - meqa
Gy!7.!7'.!@!- e - sqe
Hy!7.!7'.!@!- o - ntai
! !=$1)0! 0'! 10+(! E0)R('! F! '(! A0,#$0$-#(! ,0! #$10)-('(! 0$! '2,! E0)R2,! 10+^1#-2,!
XE0)R2,!0$!fwZY!0$!*)0,0$10Y! ;+70)/0-12! F!8&1&)2Y!&$(! A:*$#'<G`g<-.0! N@5'53'45'%6?F95'm:m'
$7%5'7$3$#('B'45'%6?F95'm5m'$7%5'*@$#N@659':%9$'*:73:7$7%5&'
='!,#%$#/#-(A2!A0!'(!E2K!+0A#(!0,!A#/\-#'!A0!0_7'#-()!72)i&0!0$!%)#0%2!$2!V(F!&$(!272,#-#D$!1([($10!0$1)0!
'(!(-1#E(!F!'(!7(,#E(!-2+2!+&0,1)($!'(,!CCbb.!*&0A0!#$A#-()@!
(Z!&$(!(--#D$!i&0!0'!,&[012!)0('#K(!0$!,&!7)27#(!0,/0)(!2!,2R)0!,\!+#,+2@!
fnivzw!!1$D$*&&EE&nivzomai!!1$D$*%/&X0$!'(!1)(A&--#D$!-2$!7)2$2+R)0!)0/'0_#E2!A0!L6Z&
RZ!E2K!+0A#(!A0!#$10)U,!2!A#$^+#-(@!+&0,1)(!7()1#-#7(-#D$!2!#+7'#-(-#D$!A0'!,&[012@!
foJ iJereuv" quei'!@!/1&%$7/*@)5/&%$7*">"7$=&
foJ strathgov" quvetai!!@!/1&C/3/*$1&B$7/&-3&%$7*">"7").!
fnovmou" tivqei!@!@$*&1/(/%9&C)./*3$*&$&)5*)%=&
fnovmou" tivqetai@!@$*%/&1/(/%&$&%?&8"%8)%&1)%&B)8.*/%=&
fajdikevw@&%/*&"3A-%5)&EE&-adikevomai@!%/*&D?75"8$&@/&"3A-%5"7"$%9&%->*"*&"3A-%5"7"$%=&
-Z!<(&,(1#E(@!0'!,&[012!V(-0!V(-0)!'(!(--#D$@!to;n pai;da ejdedivxato!B"F)&/@-7$*&$&%-&B"A).!
AZ!b0-\7)2-(@!'(!(--#D$!7()10!F!)0E#0)10!0$!0'!,&[012@!dialevgesqaiY!7)3D/*%$*G&
0Z!;$1)($,#1#E(@!0$!E0)R2,!-&F(!(-1#E(!1#0$0!E('2)!-(&,(1#E2!
fi{sthmi!!72$%2!!99!i{stamai!!+0!72$%2!0$!7#0.!
!
C(! 7()1#-#7(-#D$! A0'! ,&[012! 7&0A0! ''0%()! (! ! ,0)! 1($! #+72)1($10! i&0! -(+R#0! 0'! ,#%$#/#-(A2! A0'! E0)R2!
XaiJrevw 9 aiJrevomaiZ!2!#+70)-071#R'0!Xoi[w 9 oi[omaiZ!
!
51$%!$"'%&0%$%&$',)%'+1$/6:+$,%/+&+/%,$!"$-"#)9"$
$
! ">].!*4<;=3`=!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! <.!45=3`=!
!!!!!!!!!L).!*(,#E( fffffffffffffffffffffff!k!!J0)R2!7(,#E2!k!ffffffffffffffffffff! !
! !!!!!!! 32+#$(1#E2! uJpov'p'Q576%6A:'
!
C(! E2K! 7(,#E(! 0,! &$! A0,())2''2! 72,10)#2)! F! ,0-&$A()#2! 0$! %)#0%2! -)0(A2! -2$! (F&A(! A0! '(,! A0,#$0$-#(,!
+0A#(,m! 0,Y! 7&0,Y! *95$*6=7' D965D$! F! $2! V0)0$-#(! #$A20&)270(.! *0)+#1\(! )0,('1()! 0'! 2R[012! A0! '(! (--#D$!
+0A#($10! &$! 0$/2i&0! A0'! ,&[012! ('! 2R[012! XA0! +2A2! i&0! &$(! 2)(-#D$! 7(,#E(! $2! ''0E()^! $&$-(! L6! 0$!
(-&,(1#E2Z.!!
*()(!A#,1#$%&#)!,#!&$(!/2)+(!E0)R('!0,!+0A#(!2!7(,#E(!XA(A2!i&0!&,($!'(,!+#,+(,!A0,#$0$-#(,!E0)R('0,Z!
$2!72A0+2,!7)0,-#$A#)!A0'!-2$10_12@!,#!''0E(!(%0$10Y!,0)^!E2K!7(,#E(.!

!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

!
!

!"!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!jAnqrwpivnw" dei' ta;" tuvca" fev(Menav
rein, xevne.
ndro")

-)5*,&(%"*2*-)5*!".%-"*
1. Ou[pote bouvletai oJ filavnqrwpo" ajdikei'n: su; d v oujk ejqevlei" a[diko" ei\nai, sofo;"
gavr ei\, kai; tou;" ajnqrwvpou" filei'".
2. OiJ novmoi to; divkaion kai; to; kalo;n bouvlontai kai; tou'to46 diwvkousin.
3. Mavcesqai crh; to;n dh'mon uJpe;r tou' novmou kai; th'" dhmokrativa": oiJ ga;r novmoi pollw'n
kai; kalw'n ajrch; givgnontai th/' patrivdi.
4. oJ Sovlwn oujk ejpiqumei' tou' plouvtou ajnti; ajreth'".
5. [vEcw polla; crhvmata kai; plouvsio" kalou'mai uJpo; pavntwn, eujtuch;" d v uJp ' oujdenov".
JHmei'" me;n kai; crhvmata e[comen, eujtuceiv" de; kalou'meqa.
6. OiJ me;n filovsofoi eij" ta;" tw'n plousivwn oijkiva" e[rcontai, oiJ de; plousivoi eij" ta;"47
tw'n filosovfwn oujkevti.
7. [Anqrwpo" ajtuchv" sw/vzetai uJpo; th'" ejlpivdo".
8. Oujk ejk crhmavtwn ajreth; givgnetai, ajll v ejx ajreth'" crhvmata kai; ta; a[lla48 ajgaqa; toi'"
ajnqrwvpoi" pavnta.
9. Tw/' me;n swvmati douleuvein kai; a[rcesqai hJ fuvsi" keleuvei, th/' de; yuch'/ a[rcein kai; basileuvein.
10. Aijvscuvlo", poihthv" ti" tw'n JEllhvnwn, ejpiqumei' givgnesqai kalo;" kai; ajgaqo;" kai;
mavcesqai uJpe;r th'" gh'" kai; tw'n paivdwn kai; th'" gunaikov".
11. JO tw'n Persw'n basileu;" ouj bouvletai tou;" {Ellhna" ejleuqevrou" givgnesqai kai;
aujtonovmou": ejn de; tw/' pro;" tou;" Pevrsa" polevmw/ oiJ jAqhnai'oi ajvneu fovbou uJpe;r th'" tw'n
JEllhvnwn ejleuqeriva" mavcontai ejn th/' gh/' te kai; qalavtth/: dia; de; tau'ta dei' tou;"
jAqhnaivou" movnou" hJgemo;na" tw'n JEllhvnwn povlewn givgnesqai.
12. Keleuvw touv" a[ndra" diwvkesqai uJpov tw'n stratiwvtwn.
,
G_G\.-.-YU&'
B.!"%17-B1!2',G'7:;-#12$%&$M!
-a[rcesqai -mavcontai
-nomivzetai -pevnomai
-crhvmato" -paisiv.
G.!!!<2+7'01(@!
, R"0Hc8O?5, IJRJ?O?5, ?JcP!5,
32+.! oujdeiv" oujdemiva oujdevn
4-&,.! ! ! !
50$.!!!!!! oujdenov" oujdemia'" oujdenov"
6(1.! ! ! !

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
46, ,H+(,IOHT",kl,4*,:79,$!5?5Ri!J0(,
!!r+A1&$! $%! 71! -2*',&1%#-1! 4$7! 1,&+#.7'6! @.$! C1#$! -%%$#$(1,-1! 71! ,$*$&-#-:%! 4$7! (.(&1%&-J'! oijkiva"! -;.17! @.$!
47!
'#.,,$!$%!$(*15'7/!
!E7! -%4$G-%-4'! a[llo", h, o! ! 4$#7-%1! #'2'! ajgaqov"6! $=#$*&'! 71! G',21! 4$! D/R/! )! "/! 4$7! %$.&,'! (-%;.71,/!
48!
oiJ a[lloi!(-;%-G-#1!/$2)#%5X2D)%/)'%28$6!G,$%&$!1!a[lloi!!$8'$2!'!/$2)$8'$2/!

!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

!
!
!
, 0O?Dc8"!, $8c!"8,
R"0Hc8O?5, IJRJ?O?5, ?JcP!5, R"0Hc8O?5, IJRJ?O?5, ?JcP!5,
32+.!
ou|to" au{th tou'to ! ! !
4-&,.!
! ! ! ! ! !
50$.!!!!!!
! ! ! ! ! !
6(1.!
! ! ! ! ! !
!
c/!N$G-%$!)!,$#'%'#$!7'(!&j,2-%'(!;,-$;'(!4$!!
6%'M#'$5$D))
6'X="+#$D))
;+;/+M@+/$D))
=$25$"6&86D))
=3%Q&%$D))
@+/M/$1$D))
5$"6'=6D))
5$"M165$D))
$"$5X28+=6D))
(/&8$='6=+6D))
2$5X8+=$/!
!
!e/!!N$#7-%1!$%!(-%;.71,!)!*7.,17M!
!
f'(!#,'(!A0,2'(A(!Xnh'so", -ou hJm!ajnavsto", -on)
! ";35>C4b! *C>b4C!
32+.! ! !
4-&,.! ! !
50$.! ! !
6(1.! ! !
!
f0,10!$#r2!,(R#2!Xo{de, h{de, tovde49m!pai'", paidov", oJ m!!sofov", -h -on)
! ";35>C4b! *C>b4C!
32+.! ! !
4-&,.! ! !
50$.! ! !
6(1.! ! !
!
f12A2!-#&A(A($2!,(R#2!Xpa'"m!pa'sa, pa'n m!polivth", -ou oJm!sofov", -hv -ovn)
! ";35>C4b! *C>b4C!
32+.! ! !
4-&,.! ! !
50$.! ! !
6(1.! ! !
!
!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
49! ,!*=1*&4%,b1*,*9'*,)&7;7.2&*,=7;9'&1B*,9-*.)&*,%=7.)%m%47,4*:,%&'@=1:7(,
!

!
!
!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

!
!
M" .!`=|`L"!<L:*C=:=3`4b;L"@!
!
1. [Aggelo" pevmpetai uJpo; tw'n jAqhnaivwn eij" th;n nh'son.
2. JUpo; tw'n ajracnw'n ejsqivontai aiJ mui'ai.
3. JHmei'" oiJ filovsofoi th;n ajlhvqeian zhtou'men.
4. JUpo; tou' douvlou qerapeuvetai oJ iJvppo".
5. Pollaiv eijsi nh'soi ejn th'/ qalavtth/.
6. JUpo; tou' didaskavlou paideuvetai ta; tevkna.
7. jEgw; me;n filovsofov" eijmi, kai; th;n ajlhvqeian zhtw', su; de; sofisth;" ei\, kai; tou;"
lamprou;" lovgou" filei'".
8. JO crhsto;" tou;" fivlou" filei' kai; uJpo; tw'n fivlwn filei'tai kai; tou;" qeou;"
qerapeuvei, kai; uJpo; tw'n qew'n ajgapa'tai.
9. OiJ tw'n jAqhnaivwn stratiwvtai uJpo; tw'n ejcqrw'n titrwvskontai: oiJ ejcqroi; tou;" tw'n
jAqhnaivwn stratiw;ta" titrwvskousin.
10. JUpo; tw'n me;n ajgapw'ntai oiJ xevnoi, uJpo; tw'n d j ou[.
11. JH me;n selhvnh ejn tw/' oujranw/' lavmpei.
!
!
!
!
2)/3"$HC.!%!$-,+&+:5,%$$,%!"0)9+1$$
!"$+,"/)6&$*%$,%!"0)9+1$
!
='!7)2$2+R)0!)0'(1#E2!,0!/'0_#2$(!0$!,#$%&'()!F!7'&)('!0$!'2,!1)0,!%U$0)2,.!
!
$ QG!)RS(T$ :SRT(S$
$ ?(QU'$ @V?'$ !VRFTH$ ?(QU'$ @V?'$ !VRFTH$
3! o{" h{ o{ oi{ ai{ a{
4! o{n h{n o{ ou{" a{" a{
5! ou| h|" ou| w|n
6! w|/ h|/ w|/ oi|" ai|" oi|"
!
F!,2R)0!U,10!,0!-2$,1)&F0$@!
fo{sper , h{per , o{per ....................: o{"!k!0$-'\1#-(!fper.!!n#*/7"%$8/35/&/1&4-/n.!
-o{sti", h{ti", o{ti.........................: o{"!k!#$A0/#$#A2!ti"!!n7-$14-"/*$&4-/nY!A0-'#$($A2!'2,!A2,!(!
'(!E0K!-2+2!0'!'(1\$!4-"%4-"%=&
!
`2A2! 7)2$2+R)0! )0'(1#E2! #$1)2A&-0! &$(! 2)(-#D$Y! 72)! '2! i&0! ,0)^! 7)0-#,2! 0$-2$1)()! 0'! E0)R2! A0! 0,(!
2)(-#D$! ,&R2)A#$(A(.! *0)2! (A0+^,Y! 12A2! 7)2$2+R)0! )0'(1#E2! ''0E(! ,#0+7)0! &$! ($10-0A0$10! -2$! 0'! i&0!
-2$-#0)1(!0$!%U$0)2!F!$l+0)2Y!70)2!$2!$0-0,()#(+0$10!0$!-(,2Y!7&0,12!i&0!A0,0+70r(!0$!,&!2)(-#D$!&$(!
/&$-#D$!i&0!$2!V(!A0!,0)!'(!+#,+(!i&0!'(!A0'!($10-0A0$10@!
!
oJ fi;lo" <o{n stevrgw,= e[rcetai.!!!!!!!!01&$8"C)&$1&4-/&$8)&11/C$=&
!!!,&[Y!!!!!!!!!L6!!
!!32+!!!!!!!!4-&,!
!
<&($A2!0'!($10-0A0$10!A0'!)0'(1#E2!0,1^!0$!%0$#1#E2!2!A(1#E2Y!0'!7)2$2+R)0!7&0A0!72$0),0!0$!,&!+#,+2!
-(,2!(&$i&0!A0,0+70r0!21)(!/&$-#D$!72)!4`b4<<;c3!6=C!b=C4`;JL@!

!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

!
!
[Axioi e[ste th'" ejleuqeriva" h|" e[cete !"" h{n e[cete.
H"C3)%&%)"%&@/&1$&1"./*5$@&4-/&5/36"%&
&
='!($10-0A0$10!7&0A0!0,1()!,2R)0$10$A#A2!2!#)!72,7&0,12.!
! !
ouJ poihvsomen a{ a[n mh; kala; h/\.
,)&B$*/8)%&1)&4-/&3)&%/$&B/*8)%)=&
!
<&($A2! &$(! 2)(-#D$! 0+7#0K(! -2$! &$! 7)2$2+R)0! )0'(1#E2! i&0! $2! 1#0$0! ($10-0A0$10! ,0! 1)(A&-0! 72)! &$!
6=:L"`b4`;JL!F!,0!''(+(!\5#$%6A:'*::9467$%6A:@!

w|/ kai; dh'lon ejstin o{ti Swkravth" h[dh eJautw'/ hJgei'to ma'llon aiJretovn ei\nai
qavnaton h[ tovn bivon

!"#$%&'"&E&#)*&1)&4-/&5$8."63&&/%&&/D"@/35/&4-/&I;7*$5/%&&($&7)3%"@/*$.$&4-/&#$*$&%?&/*$&8:%&
@/%/$.1/&1$&8-/*5/&4-/&1$&D"@$&
!

!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

!
!

)"!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! oJvn oiJ qeoi; filou'sin ajpoqnh/vskei nevo".
(Menavndro")
!
!#)!).%+%)'&.*#&1"$%-".*
1. Oujk ejvsti bivo" o{" oujk e[cei kakav te kai; aijscrav.
2. Oujk ejvstin o{" ti" pavntw" eujdaimonei'.
3. Poll;a; ga;r ejn tw'/ bivw/ kaka; givgnetai. ouj dev ti" ajnqrwvpwn ejvstin w/| tuvch ouj polla; kaka;
parevcei.
4. JH ojligarciva politei;a ejsti;n ejn h/| oiJ me;n plouvsioi a[rcousin, oiJ de; pevnhte" ouj metev
cousi th'" ajrch'".
5. Ou{to" d j eujdaivmwn kalei'tai o{sti" a[neu ejcqrwvn ajpoqnh/vskei50.
6. Tau'ta ejstin a{ de; oiJ polloi; tw'n poihtw'n levgousin.
7. Ouj pavnte" oiJ a[ndre" poiou'sin a{ crhv poiei'n.
8. OiJ a[nqrwpoi oi|" mh; givgnetai a{ bouvlontai, oujk51 eujtucei'" eijsin.
9. Tau'ta ga;r a{ oiJ fivloi toi'" basileu'si fobou'ntai levgein, tau'ta ejn toi'" biblivoi" gravfetai.
10. AiJ gunaivke" th'" JEllavdo" devcontai to;n a[ndra o{" tau'ta" gamei'52.

!
%D%,/)/)+#$
!
B.f<2+7'01(!'(!/'0_#D$!A0'!()1\-&'2!F!A0'!7)2$2+R)0!)0'(1#E2@!
!
' !"#$%&'() *"(+(,-".)".'!#/0()
! QG!)RS(T$ :SRT(S$ QG!)RS(T$ :SRT(S$
! ?$ @'$ !$ ?$ @$ !$ ?$ @'$ !$ ?$ @'$ !'$
3!
4!
5!
6!
!
G.!!=,-)#R0!0$!%)#0%2@!+)%&B)8.*/%&$&1)%&4-/&7-"@$3&1)%&@")%/%&5"/3/3&8-7B$&%-/*5/=&
!
!
<URG,(TJ$qerapeuvw C$QRVTFVJ$tuvch,-h", hJ=$

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
50) ))J;,*:,6*&27,=7.)1*9'7,ajpo-qnh/vskw,,9*,&*=7;7=*,:%,.-9.%,&%@`,4*:,919'%;'-67,qavnato",B,4*,:79,%43*'-679,qnhtov",,B,,
ajqavnato".
51) ))8%,;*<%=->;,mhv, *9,)&7)-%,4*,%:<1;%9,7&%=-7;*9,9127&4-;%4%9(,J;,:1<%&,4*,ouj, oujdev, oujdei'",,:%,9-;'%N-9,*N-<*,%,6*=*9,
:%9,+7&.%9,mhv, mhdev, mhdeiv".,8%9,7&%=-7;*9,&*:%'-6%9,19%;,*9'%,;*<%=->;,=1%;47,*N)&*9%;,1;%,<*;*&%:-4%4,7,1;%,-;'*;=->;(,
52) ))J:,6*&27,gamevw,*9,'&%;9-'-67S,*9,4*=-&S,&-<*,%=19%'-67,)7&b1*,*;,)&-;=-)-7,97;,:79,_7.2&*9,:79,b1*,'7.%;,1;%,*9)79%S,
:79,b1*,9*,=%9%;(,J;,67`,.*4-%,9-<;-+-=%&@%,4%.*)()3(9%$.#9'3#'7(,%*%.*),1;%,.13*&(,

!
!
! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

!
!
H.!"&,1#1&F0!'2,!7&$12,!,&,70$,#E2,!72)!'(,!/2)+(,!)0'(1#E(,!-2$E0$#0$10,@!
-Blevpomen th;n oijkivan ..... e[cei".
-Ta; zw/'a ..... diwvkete mevgalav ejstin.
-Karpou;" oujk e[cei ta; devndra .... qerapeuvei".
-JO ajgro;" ejn ..... eijsin ta;de ta; a[nqh ejsti tw/' ejmw/' patriv.
-Nomivzw divkaiou" tou;" hJgemovna" uJf j ..... a[rcomai.
-Levgei to; tevknon .... ouj gignwvskei.
-JO basileu;" keleuvei tou;" a[ndra"....... basileuvei.

H.f!"&R2)A#$(!&$(!2)(-#D$!(!21)(!+0A#($10!0'!)0'(1#E2@!
-oiJ qeoi; sw/vzousin th;n povlin - oiJ qeoi; ajqavnatoiv eijsin.
-oJ divkaio" ta; divkaia pravttei - oJ divkaio" nou'n e[cei.
-oiJ a[nqrwpoi tou;" novmou" ojrqw'" poiou'sin - Tou;" novmou" hJ povli" fivlei.
-oJ ajnh;r ouj nomivzei qeou;" - oJ ajnh;r a[qeo" ejstin.
-oJ Zeu;" th;n di;khn pevmpei pa'si toi'" ajnqrwvpoi" - oJ qeov" basileu;ei pavntwn tw'n ajnqrwpw'n.
,
!
-W<\YZ[..-eW'02'"0\<-.-"-Y'ZG'"\GUGW<G&'
C00!0$!E2K!('1(!F!1)(A&-0!'2,!,#%&#0$10,!7()0,!A0!2)(-#2$0,@!
!
1 --oJ a[nqrwpo" o{" e[cei yuch;n ajgaqhvn, ajgaqov" ejstin.
-oJ e[cwn yuchvn ajgaqh;n ajgaqov" ejstin.
2. - oiJ a[ndre" oi{ ta; a[dika pravttousi, a[dikoi eijsin.
- oiJ ta; a[dika pravttonte" a[dikoiv eijsin.
3-- oJ a[nqrwpo" o{" mh; gamei', oujk e[cei kakav.
-oJ mh; gamw'n a[nqrwpo" oujk e[cei kakav.
,,
!!
!
!
!
2)/3"$HE1!%!$-",0)/)-)+T$:+,2+!+'F"$.$#)&0"U)#1$
!
='!7()1#-#7#2!0,!&$2!A0!'2,!,0#,!+2A2,!i&0!72,00!0'!,#,10+(!E0)R('!%)#0%2.!=_#,10!7()1#-#7#2!A0!'2,!-&(1)2!
10+(,!A0!&$!E0)R2Y!70)2!A0!+2+0$12!E0)0+2,!l$#-(+0$10!0'!7()1#-#7#2!45'895357%5'57'$*%6A$'B'?546$&'
>$! 7()1#-#7#2! 0,! '(! /2)+(! i&0! 1#0$0! 0'! E0)R2! 7()(Y! ,#$! A0[()! A0! ,0)! E0)R2Y! /&$-#2$()! -2+2! (A[01#E2.!
=,12! ,#%$#/#-(! i&0! 7&0A0! -('#/#-()! 2! +2A#/#-()! (! ,&,1($1#E2,Y! 70)2! i&0! 1(+R#U$! 0,! -(7(K! A0! ''0E()! '2,!
-2+7'0+0$12,!7)27#2,!A0!&$!E0)R2.!
!
$+!`Y\,Y2YQi0>'
!
B.f!*()1#-#7#2!A0!7)0,0$10!(-1#E2!A0'!E0)R2!eijmiv:
! !:(,-.!! 80+.! 30&1)2.!
! 32+.!! w[n ou\sa o[n
! 50$.! o[nto" ou\sh" o[nto"
! ! XHyA0-'.Z! XByA0-'.Z! XHyA0-'.Z!

!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

!
!
!
!
G.f!*()1#-#7#2!A0!7)0,0$10!A0!'2,!E0)R2,!10+^1#-2,!X0$!fwZ@!
!
$+'0.<-aY@!60-'#$(!0'!+(,-&'#$2!F!0'!$0&1)2!72)!'(!Hy!A0-'.m!0'!/0+0$#$2!72)!'(!ByY!10+(,!
0$! f(.! 4r(A0! ('! 10+(! A0! 7)0,0$10! '(! E2-('! 10+^1#-(! F! 0'! ,&/#[2! qC7%C&! ='! $2+.! ,%.! +(,-.!
7)0,0$1(!-(\A(!A0!1(&!0$!72,#-#D$!/#$('!F!('()%(+#0$12!A0!E2-('Y!i&0!0,!R)0E0!0$!0'!)0,12!A0!
'(!/'0_#D$@!
spravtt- o- nt -"!!{!!pravttwn.
spravtt- o- nt- o"!!{!!pravttonto".

! :(,-&'#$2! )(\K!E0)R('!k!2!k!s$1!k!A0,.Hy!A0-'!
*4b`.!! 30&1)2! !
*b="=3`=!! 80+0$#$2! )(\K!E0)R('!k!-sa, -sh"!A0,.By!A0-'Y!+#_12€!
4<`;JL! !
! ! !
Pravttwn, prattou'sa, pravtton
pravttonto", prattou'sh", pravttonto" %0$#1#E2€!
!
F+' `GZ-Y@! 0,1^! /2)+(A2! 72)! 0'! 10+(! A0! 7)0,0$10k! E2-('! 10+^1#-(! k! ,&/#[2! sf+0$fk!
A0,#$0$-#(,!Co", -h,-on'X#%&('!i&0!'2,!(A[01#E2,!A0!1)0,!10)+#$(-#2$0,Z@!

*4b`.!:0A.f!*(,@!)(\K!E0)R('!k!2!k!s+0$!k!A0,.By!F!Gy!A0-'!
!
! Prattovmeno", prattovmenh, prattovmenon
!
F+! U-W<0X-U'!*J&',-./0'EK+>'
6#,1#$%&#+2,!1)0,!1#72,!A0!7()1#-#7#2@!
'
B.!4`b;j>`;JL@!(-2+7(r(A2!%0$0)('+0$10!A0'!()1\-&'2Y!1)(A&-0!:9$*6=7'45'95#$%6A:.!
oiJ dunavmenoi!!&1)%&4-/&#-/@/3=&
&
G.! 4*L";`;JL@! $2! ,&0'0! ''0E()! 0'! ()1\-&'2Y! 70)2! -2$-#0)1(! -2$! &$! 0'0+0$12! A0! '(! 2)(-#D$!
7)#$-#7#('Y! A0! '(! i&0! A070$A0! 7&A#0$A2! (Ai&#)#)! '2,! +(1#-0,! A0! &$(! 2)(-#D$! ,&R2)A#$(A(.!
"&0'0!1)(A&-#),0!72)!&$!D59@746:'538$r:#@!
kai; levgwn tau'ta kaqh'ke ta; skevlh ejpi; th;n ghvn.!X*'.!J/@=Z!
(&$1&@/7"*&/%5)&E&@"7"/3@)&/%5)&E&8"/35*$%&@/7?$&/%5)9&.$A;&1$%&#"/*3$%&$1&%-/1)&
&
H.! *b=6;<4`;JL@! 0,! $0-0,()#2! 7()(! -2+7'01()! 0'! ,#%$#/#-(A2! A0! '(! 2)(-#D$! 7)#$-#7('Y! 7&0,!
-2$,1#1&F0! &$(! :9$*6=7' *:?8#5%6A$! i&0! (-2+7(r(! (! E0)R2,! A0! 70)-07-#D$! /\,#-(! 2!
#$10'0-1&('.!
oi[da de; uJma'" foboumevnou"!!!!!!!!!!!!!!K&%6&4-6&D)%)5*)%&%/35?%&8"/@)=&
ajkouvw tou patro;" dialegomevnou...!L"C)&4-/&8"&#$@*/&7)3D/*%$.$==.!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!

!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

!
!

*" hJ yuch' ajqavnato" faivnetai ou\sa.


,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,A$:(,?:%)4.(,fgn/=C,

!"#$%+%!%)3*-&#7).*+)'$#"+$).*&'!"evw.
1. Oujdei;" ploutei' tacevw" divkaio" w[n. polloi; de; tw'n ajnqrwvpwn kakoi; oj[nte" ploutou'sin.
2. Divkaia levgonte" oiJ polloi; a[dika poiou'sin.
3. JO qeo;" pollavki" caivrei tou;" me;n mikrou;" megavlou" poiw'n, tou;" de; megavlou" mikrouv".
4. jAnh;r divkaiov" ejstin oujc oJ mh; ajdikw'n, ajll j o{sti" ajdikei'n dunavmeno", mh; bouvletai.
5. To; to;n qavnaton fobei'sqaiv ejsti dokei'n sofovn, mh; o[nta. oujdei;" ga;r gignwvskei eij oJ
qavnatov" ejsti tw/' ajnqrwvpw/ pavntwn mevgiston ajgaqw'n, to;n de; qa;naton fobou'ntai nomivzonte"
mevgiston kako;n ei\nai.
6. Kuvrio" gignovmeno" tw'n pravgmatwn oJ Sovlwn th;n nea;n politei;an poiei'.
7. JO me;n ajgaqo;" ijatro;" kalw'" qerapeuvwn tou;" ajnqrwvpou", sw/vzei tou;" tw'n touvtwn bivou".
oJ de; kako;" ijatro;" oujk ija'tai polla;" novsou" kai; pevmpei pollou;" eij" to; poluandrivon.
movnw/ de; ijatrw/' e[xestin ajpoktevnein, mh; d' v ajpoqnhv/skei dia; tou'to.
8. Ouj ga;r dokei' soi (41&/M!y1!&+z>!aujto;n biw'sqai melevtounta ajpologei'sqais!!
!
%D%,/)/)+#1$
[/!Y$&,'J$,(-:%M!
GF$2)=+&#6#6"$2)Q&%)36;/6");+%")2$");&%"$2)(6'6)/6)(68'+6,)
)
)
)
GO%"6"#'$)#+=%)Q&%)/$2)3$5;'%2D)6/)36=%')=$262);&%"62D)2$")@%/+=%2/!
!
!
!
G0/)26;+$)#+=%)Q&%)/$2)3$5;'%2)Q&%)8+%"%")#+"%'$)(%'2+1&%")2&%Y$2)Q&%)"$)6=6;6")"&"=6,)
)
)
)
G0/)6'=$"8%!")Q&%)#+=%)=$262);&%"62)6)/$2)3$5;'%2)='%%)Q&%)/$2)2$/#6#$2)"$)26;%"))"6#6,)
)
)
G0/)#+$2)#+=%)Q&%)"6#+%)5686)6)/$2)59#+=$2);&%"$2)Q&%)=&+#6")6)/$2)=6;6//$2,)
)
)
)
G.+1$)Q&%)%28%)3$5;'%)Q&%):+%"%)#+=%)Q&%)%2)"%=%26'+$)Q&%)/$2)($%862)Q&%)"$)8'6;6A6")'%=+;6")
#+"%'$)#%)/$2)=+&#6#6"$2,)
)
)
)
!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
<=! !J:, )%&'-=-)-7, 4*, )&*9*;'*, 4*:, 6*&27, a[rcw, 9*, :*N-=%:-`%, )%&%, 4*9-<;%&, %, :79, %&=7;'*9S, -;9'-'1=->;, 4*, .%<-9'&%479,
%'*;-*;9*9(,

!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

!
!
!
ZSN$#7-%1!$%!(-%;.71,!)!*7.,17!$7!*1,&-#-*-'!4$!*,$($%&$!4$7!J$,?'!eijmi.

! ";35>C4b! *C>b4C!
32+.! ! !
4-&,.! ! !
50$.! ! !
6(1.! ! !

!
c/SE%.%#-1!$%!%'2-%1&-J'!)!;$%-&-J'!$7!*1,&-#-*-'!4$!*,$($%&$!1#&-J'!)!2$4-'!4$!7'(!J$,?'(!(-;.-$%&$(M!

! 4<`;J4! :=6;4!
caivrw ! !
fobevw ! !
ajpokteivnw ! !

!
e/S!F.?',4-%1!2$4-1%&$!$7!,$71&-J'!71!',1#-:%!4$!*1,&-#-*-'M!
-ejgw; me;n ou\n oJ pa'san th;n ajlhvqeian levgwn to;n a[ndra sw/vzw.

-oiJ a[nqrwpoi oiJ th;n peri; to;n bivon sofivan e[conte" ta;" tevcna" paivdeusin.

-oiJ a[nqrwpoi oiJ ajpo; th'" povlew" feuvgonte" plevousi pro;" th;n nh'son.

-oJ a[nqrwpo" oJ dikaivw" to;n bivon diavgwn oijkei' ejn pavsh/ eujdaimoniva/.

W/!E%!#141!;,.*'!(.?,1)1!71!*171?,1!@.$!%'!#'-%#-4$!$%!;j%$,'6!%H2$,'!)!#1('!#'%!71(!4$23(M!
-ejcqro;", kovsmo", strateuvmato", presbuvtero".
-strathgov", fwtov", gunaikov", crhvmato"
-eujdaivmwn, stratiwvtwn, sovfwn, povlewn.
-ajlhqhv", divkh", ajtuchv", polithv".
!
"Z?RCY`##"kZ&%&)%K&#CZ?R%##"CZ7K^&
!
E%!71!*,$($%&$!.%-414!C1(!&,1?1A14'!#'%!J$,?'(!$%!Sw!<&$23&-#'(>!$%!#'%('%1%&$6!*$,'!&12?-j%!J$,?'(!$%!J'#17/!
_,3#&-#12$%&$!&'4'(!&$!C1%!1*1,$#-4'!$%!*,$($%&$!4$!-%4-#1&-J'!'!$%!*1,&-#-*-'6!71(!H%-#1(!G',21(!@.$!C1(&1!1C',1!
#'%'#$(/!v_'4,+1(!($5171,!(-!$(!*'(-?7$!4-G$,$%#-1,!rVYO"IOEDbEx!r+A1&$M!
!
!!!!! poiei' caivrei
ploutou'sin av[gousin
poiw'n pravttwn
dokei'n metevcein.
fobei'sqai boulevsqai
macei'tai givgnetai
fobou'ntai nomivzontai.
,
,
,
,

!
!
! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

!
!
2)/3"$HG1$!"#$/+&0,"//)+&%#1$
$
82)+('+0$10Y!0'!7)0,0$10!A0!;$A#-(1#E2!A0'!E0)R2!filevw!$2!,0!A#/0)0$-#(!A0'!7)0,0$10!A0!&$!E0)R2!-2+2!
e[cw.!"#$!0+R()%2Y!0,12,!E0)R2,!,\!,2$!A#/0)0$10,!72)i&0!+#0$1)(,!0'!7)#+0)2!7)0,0$1(!&$(!E2-('!($10!'(!
A0,#$0$-#(!fwY!0'!E0)R2!e[cw!''0E(!A0'($10!&$(!-2$,2$($10.!!4A0+^,Y!'(,!/2)+(,!i&0!-2$2-0,!A0'!7)0,0$10!
''0E($!,2R)0!'(!A0,#$0$-#(!0$!0'!E0)R2!filevw!&$!(-0$12!-#)-&$/'0[2!i&0!$2!(7()0-0!0$!e[cw@!
e[c- w filw' u filev-w
e[c- ei filei' u filev- ei
e[c- ousi filou'si u filev- ousi
e[c- ein filei'n u filev- ein

C2!i&0!2-&))0!0,!i&0!0$!'2,!E0)R2,!-2+2!filevwY!-&($A2!0,(!E2-('!A0'!10+(!E0)R('!,0!&$0!-2$!'(!E2-('!A0!
'(!A0,#$0$-#(!X2!-2$!'(!E2-('!10+^1#-(Z!,0!7)2A&-\(!&$!-V2i&0!/2$U1#-2!i&0!''(+(+2,!<L3`b4<<;c3Y!
F!i&0!0$!0,12,!-(,2,!V0+2,!E#,12!+()-(A2!+2)/2'D%#-(+0$10!-2$!&$!(-0$12!-#)-&$/'0[2!X70)2!$2!,#0+7)0!
0,!(,\Z.!
!
=,1(,!-2$1)(--#2$0,!-()(-10)#K($!(!'2,!E0)R2,'.YW<\0.<YU!0$!-avw, -evw!F!0$!-ovwY!F!2R0A0-0$!(!&$(,!
)0%'(,!A010)+#$(A(,@!
!
a) !='!)0,&'1(A2!A0!&$(!-2$1)(--#D$!0,!,#0+7)0!&$(!E2-('!'()%(!2!&$!A#712$%2@!0,!A0-#)Y!V(F!
-#$-2!72,#R'0,!)0,&'1(A2,!XbZ.!
!
' 9(9! 909! 929!
JL<4C="!jb=J="! ! e o
JL<4C="!C4b54"! a h w
ei ou b!
6;*`L35L"! '
!
!
b) =$! -&($12! ('! `;:jb=Y! 0'! )0,&'1(A2! 7)0,0$1(! ,#0+7)0! 1#+R)0! 929! X0,! A0-#), w, ouZ!
-&($A2!&$2!A0!'2,!,&+($A2,!1#0$0!1#+R)0!929.!"#!$2!V(F!1#+R)0!929Y!7)0E('0-0!0'!1#+R)0!A0'!
7)#+0)!,&+($A2.!

SF-!R"!:!!R!"!!!!l'l6!R&l&m:m&^&m&w!ƒ, „ou ƒ!
SF-!%'6!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!R!€!&-2?,$!4$!b!"
&
g)!<&($A2!0$1)0!'2,!,&+($A2,!V(F!&$(!'()%(! (R#0)1(!Xa, h , wZY! 0'!)0,&'1(A2!0,!,#0+7)0!
&$(!'()%(!(R#0)1(m!,#!$2Y!0,!&$!A#712$%2.!
! !
f!F-!R"!:!!R!"!!€!„a, h , w{6!R&l&m&a, h , w ƒ!
SF-!%'6!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!R&€!!m&ei, ou ƒ!
!
=,1(,! -2$1)(--#2$0,! $2! ,2$! &$! /0$D+0$2! 0_-'&,#E(+0$10! A0! /2$U1#-(! E0)R('m! 0_#,10$! (A[01#E2,! F!
,&,1($1#E2,!0$!'(!10)-0)(!A0-'#$(-#D$Y! -2$-)01(+0$10!'2,!10+(,!0$!,#%+(Y! 0$!i&0!'(,! -2$1)(--#2$0,!,2$!
#+7)0,-#$A#R'0,! 7()(! )0-2$2-0)! '2,! -(,2,Y! A(A2! i&0! '(! ,#%+(! #$10)E2-^'#-(! -(\(! FY! ('! A0,(7()0-0)Y! '(,!
E2-('0,!0$!-2$1(-12!-2$1)(\($.!
'
'
'
'

!
!
! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

!
!
\GU[G2aG'GU<0U'.YW<\0..-YWGU>'
!
ak o= a!k ou = a!k e = o!k!e =
ok o= o!k!w = e!k w = e!k o =
e!k e = e!k a = a!k h = a+!k!ei =a
a!k e!k i = a!k w= e!k h = e!k ou =
e!k ei =

!
!
timav - w timw' poiev- w
timav - ei" ! poiev - ei"
timav - ei ! poiev - ei
timav - omen ! poiev - omen
timav - ete ! poiev - ete
timav - ousi ! poiev - ousi
timav - omai ! poiev - omai
timav - h/ ! poiev - h/
timav - etai ! poiev - etai
timav - omeqa ! poiev - omeqa
timav - esqe ! poiev - esqe
timav - ontai ! poiev - ontai
timav - ein ! poiev - ein
timav - esqai ! poiev - esqai
timav - wn , -ousa, on ! poiev - wn , -ousa, on
timav - omeno" ! poiev - omeno"

!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

!
!

!$!"##
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Erw" A0>+((,@3$+/'3%C,
ani;kate mavcan

-&#7).*+)'$#"+$).*
'
1. Tivna de; qeo;n levgomen m to;n pa;nta oJrw'nta kai; aujto;n oujc oJrwvmenon.
2. Oujc hJ tuvch ejstin oujdemiva qevo", ajlla; tou'to o{ givgnetai eJkavstw/, kalei'tai uJpo; tou'tou
tuvch.
3. Ouj pavsa" crh; ta;" dovxa" tw'n ajnqrwvpwn tima'n, ajlla; ta;" mevn, ta;" d v ouj, ou[te
pavntwn, ajlla; tw'n mevn, tw;n de; oujv.
4. Oujvk e[stin54 ajndri; ajgaqw/' kako;n oujde;n ou[te zw'nti ou[te teleutw'nti.
5. OiJ {Ellhne" tou;" ejn tw'/ polevmw/ teleutw'nta" timw'sin.
6. To;n zw'nta a[ndra ajnavgkh ejsti; polla; fevrein kakav. dei' de; nomivzein eujdaivmona ouj
to;n crhvmata polla; e[conta, ajlla; to;n mh; dustucou'nta kai; to;n bivon kalw'" diavgonta.
7. Tw'/ dustucei'55 ajnqrwvpw/ aJvpasa nuvx faivnetai oujk e[cousa teleuthvn.
8. JO Promhqeu;"56 prw'ton me;n ajnqrwvpou" kai; zw'/a ejk gh'" kai; u{dato" poiei', e[peita d j oJrw'
n o{ti ta; zw'/a pollav ejsti metapoiei' tina eij" ajnqrwvpou": dia; de; tou'to e[ti eijsi;n oi{ ta; me;n swvm
ata ajnqrwvpwn, ta;" de; yuca;" zwv/wn e[cousin.
8. jEn ajgrw/' eu\ qerapeuomevnw/ uJpo; tou' gewrgou' polloi; givgnontai oiJ karpoiv.
9. OiJ a[nqrwpoi didavskousi tou;" kuvna" ta;" oijkiva" fulavttein.
10. Polla; ejrgazovmeno" ouj kavmnw.
-OiJ th;n gh'n ejrgazovmenoi dou'loiv eijsin.
-OiJ dou'loi oiJ th;n gh;n ejrgazovmenoi kavmnousin.
-OiJ a[nqrwpoi kavmnousin ejrgazovmenoi.
-Ouj qaumavzw tou;" ajnqrwvpou" tou;" poluv ejrgazomevnou".
-Ouj oJrw' tou;" ajnqrwvpou" polu; ejrgazomevnou".
-Ouj oJrw' tou;" ajnqrwvpou" oiJv ejn tw/' a[grw/ ejrgavzontai.
,
!
7f7R#"#"CK^&
&
[/! !N$#7-%1!$%!(-%;.71,!)!*7.,17!$7!*1,&-#-*-'!4$7!J$,?'!!levgw!<1#&/>/!
! ";35>C4b! *C>b4C!
32+.! ! !
4-&,.! ! !
50$.! ! !
6(1.! ! !
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
54! !,E(1!1#$%&.1#-:%!4$!-%4-#1!@.$!&-$%$!$7!J17',!4$!y%P+28%z/!
55! !-dustucei' „!!dustuces-i,!41&-J'!(-%;.71,!21(#/!#'%!#1+41!4$!(-;21!-%&$,J'#37-#1!1%&$!71!4$(-%$%#-1!S-!4$!
71!&$,#$,1!4$#7/!<r+A1&$!@.$!$7!1,&+#.7'!)!71!*'(-#-:%!&$!-2*-4$%!*$%(1,!@.$!*.$41!($,!71!c‚!*/!(;/!4$7!*,$($%&$!4$!-%4/!
4$!dustucevw6!#.)1!G',21!#'-%#-4$/>!
56! !_,'2$&$'!G.$!.%!C-A'!4$7!&-&3%!a1*$&'s!($!4-#$!@.$!2'4$7:!1!7'(!*,-2$,'(!C'2?,$(!1!*1,&-,!4$!1,#-7716!*$,'!
$%!71!b$';'%+1!4$!0$(+'4'!$(&1!7$)$%41!%'!1*1,$#$M!_,'2$&$'!$(!&1%!(:7'!$7!?$%$G1#&',!4$!71!0.21%-414!17!41,7$!
$7!G.$;'/!E(&1!1##-:%!7$!J17-:!$7!$%G14'!4$!o$.(6!@.$!7'!$%#14$%:!#'%!#1?7$(!4$!1#$,'!$%!$7!Q1H#1('!$%J-3%4'7$!.%!
3;.-71! @.$! 7$! 4$J',1?1! $7! C+;14's! j(&$! ($! ,$;$%$,1?1! #'%(&1%&$2$%&$6! C1(&1! @.$! 0$,1#7j(! 7';,:! 41,! 2.$,&$! 17!
3;.-71!)!7-?$,1,!1!_,'2$&$'/!
,

!
!
!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

!
!
Z/! F$5171!$7!J17',!(-%&3#&-#'!@.$!&-$%$%!7'(!*1,&-#-*-'(!4$!$(&1!.%-414/!
!
c/! QVO_IEb"!I"!b"dI"M!
fo,),9<(,$&*9*;'*,O;4-=(,%='(, oJravw eijmiv naumacevomai e[cw
do)(,9<(,$&*9*;'*,O;4-=(,%=', ! ! ! !
do)(,):(,,$&*9*;'*,O;4-=(,.*4-7, ! ! ! !
$%&'-=-)-7,)&*9*;'*,%='-67S, ! ! ! !
?7.-;%'-67,
$%&'(,)&*9*;'*,%='-67S,D*;-'-67, ! ! ! !
O;+-;-'-67,)&*9*;'*,%='-67, ! ! ! !
$%&'(,)&*9*;'*,.*4-7S,?7.-;%(, ! ! ! !
O;+-;-'-67,)&*9*;'*,.*4-7, ! ! ! !
!
!
,2)/3"$QI1$*%#)&%&/)"#$-%,#+&"!%#1$
!
! *)0,0$10!!
`#0+72,!7)#+()#2,! 8&1&)2!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 60,#$0$-#(,!*b;:4b;4"!
! *0)/0-12!
!
! ;+70)/0-12!
`#0+72,!"0-&$A()#2,! 42)#,12!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!60,#$0$-#(,!"=<>364b;4"!
! *'&,-&(+70)/0-12!
!
!
.[0Z\Y'ZG'ZGU-WGW.-0U'!.YW'aY.02'<G`g<-.0+'
! ' '
0'.'<'-'a'0'U' `GZ-YC"0U-a0U'
*)#+()#(,! "0-&$A()! *0)/0-12! *)#+()#(,! "0-&$A.! *0)/!
`0+^1.! 410+.!
By,%! fw s+#{mi s2+{!o-n -a o-mai ofmhn -mai
Gy!,%.! -ei-" s,#{!-si |$(ƒ!e-" -qa e-sai>h/ e-so>ou -sai
Hy!,%.! -ei s1#{!-ti s01!{!e 57 -e e-tai e-to -tai
By!7'.! o-men -men o-men -men o-meqa o-meqa -meqa
Gy!7'.! e-te -te e-te -te e-sqe e-sqe -sqe
Hy!7'.! -ousi -asi s2+{!-on -asi o-ntai o-nto -ntai
!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
57, ,E%!7'(!J$,?'(!&$23&-#'(6!$(&1(!4$(-%$%#-1(!J1%!*,$#$4-41(!4$!71!J'#17!!&$23&-#16!@.$!$%!7'(!J$,?'(!#'%&,1#&'(!!
*,'4.#$!71(!#'%&,1##-'%$(!$(*$,141(/!E%!71!c‚*/(;/!4$!71(!4$(-%$%#-1(!($#.%41,-1(6!17!#1$,!71!4$(-%$%#-1!4$%&17!l&l!$%!
*'(-#-:%!G-%176!@.$41!71!J'#17!!&$23&-#1/!

!
!
! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

!
!
=$!-&($12!(!'2,!+2A2,Y!0'!U@FH@7%6A:!X-()(-10)#K(A2!72)!'(!E2-('!10+^1#-(!'()%(Z!&1#'#K(!'(,!A0,#$0$-#(,!
A0! '2,! 1#0+72,! 7)#+()#2,Y! F! 0'! Y8%$%6A:! X-()(-10)#K(A2! 72)! 0'! A#712$%2! oifZ! '(,! ,0-&$A()#(,.! ='!
-7J676%6A:!1#0$0!A0,#$0$-#(,!7)27#(,.!
!
!
!
!
2)/3"$QH1$!"$0%,/%,"$*%/!)&"/)6&$$)1$
!

!"#$"#%&
'"$()*%$)+*&

! ! !
&,*%7)) &,*%7),")) &,*%7),"))
,") #!+&(">() '($%?)
$("7("%"&,)

! ! +(%(#) %&./() #01$&2()


!"#$%&'() *+),+-) m, n l, r

I"d9"I!
p, b, f

NEDb"I!
t, d, q

REI"Y!
k, g, c

C(! 10)-0)(! A0-'#$(-#D$! 7)0,0$1(! ('10)$($-#(,! E2-^'#-(,! F! ,0! &1#'#K(! 0$! '(! A0-'#$(-#D$! A0! ,&,1($1#E2,!
X+(,-.Y!/0+.!F!$.ZY!(A[01#E2,!F!7()1#-#7#2,!X+(,-.!F!$.Z!
`;*L"!
!
! !!'(R#('!X!p, b, fZ!!fley, flevbo"
B.!L<C>";J4!! !A0$1('!Xd, t, qZ! paiv", paidov"
! ! !E0'()!Xg, k, c!Z! fuvlax, fuvlako"
G.!0$!f3`! ! a[rcwn, a[rconto"
H.!34"4C! ! livmhn, livmeno"
I.!CeT>;64! ! mhvthr, mhtrov"
M.!";5:4! ! trihvrh", trihvrou"
N.!6;*`L35L! ! basilevu", basilevw"
O.!JL<4C! ! povli", polevw".

!
!
!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

!
!
!
!!
2YU'<G`0U'ZG'2YU'U[U<0W<-aYU'UG'\G.YWY.GW'"Y\'20'.YWUYW0W<G'
b[G'"\G.GZG'0'20'ZGU-WGW.-0'ZG'QGW-<-aY'!'C'o"+&'
!
B." <G`0U'GW''Y.2[U-a0'
!
B.!4.!C4j;4C!t!5>`>b4C@!
f,&,1($1#E2,!+(,-&'#$2,!F!/0+0$#$2,.!
f`2+($!f"!0$!0'!$2+#$(1#E2!F!0$!0'!E2-(1#E2!,#$%&'().!
f<(+R#2,!/2$U1#-2,@!!!'(R#('!k!f"! !ym!!!!!
%&1&)('!k!"! !x

!
B.j.!6=3`4C@!
f,&,1($1#E2,!+(,-&'#$2,Y!/0+0$#$2,!F!$0&1)2,m!'2,!A2,!7)#+0)2,!(r(A0$!f"!0$!$2+.!F!!E2-.!,#$%&'().!
fA0$1('!k s! -(0!'(!A0$1('Y!72)i&0!$2!7&0A0!,0)!/#$('!A0!7('(R)(.!
f('%&$2,! ,&,1($1#E2,! 0$! -i"! F! 0$! fu"! V(-0$! 0'! (-&,.! ,%.! 0$! fn.
'
' Q3+2>0-1$ :0>1-0$ ' Q3+2>0-1$ :0>1-0$
!"#$ fuvlax fuvlake"
!"#$ pai'" pai'de"
%"&'$ fuvlax fuvlake"
%"&'$ pai' pai'de"
(&'$ fuvlaka fuvlaka"
(&'$ pai'da pai'da"
)*+'$ fuvlako" fulavkwn
)*+'$ paidov " pai' dwn
,-.'$ fuvlaki fuvlaxi(n)
,-.'$ paidiv paisiv(n)
!!!
!
! Q3+2>0-1$ :0>1-0$
!"#$ poivhma poihvmata
%"&'$ poivhma poihvmata
(&'$ poivhma poihvmata
)*+'$ poihv m ato" poihmav twn
,-.'$ poihvmati poihvmasi(n)
!
)&'<G`0U'GW'CW<&'
f"2$!0$!)0('#A(A!10+(,!0$!fnY!-2+2!A0+&0,1)(!0'!E2-(1#E2!givgan.!!
fnt! A0,(7()0-0! ($10! f"Y! ('()%($A2! '(! E2-('! 7)0-0A0$10Y! F(! ,0(! i&0! '(! ,#%+(! ,0! +($10$%(!
Xojdouv", ojdovnto")!2!$2!X!gevrwn, gevronto")
f-(,#!12A2,!'2,!7()1#-#7#2,!,0!/2)+($!-2$!0,10!10+(!(paideuvwn, paideuou'sa, paideuvon,
luvqei", luqei'sa, luqevn...Z!
! Q3+2>0-1$ :0>1-0$
!"#$ a[ r cwn a[ r conte"
%"&'$ a[rcon a[rconte"
(&'$ a[rconta a[rconta"
)*+'$ a[rconto" ajrcovntwn
,-.'$ a[rconti a[rcousi(n)

!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

!
!
!
*VW>;V;X>?W$YVXZ>;?X>[;$?@V=\@>X?$M4N$YVXZ>;?X>[;O$
! Q3+2>0-1$ :0>1-0$
! :98! 3! :98! 3!
32+.! -"!"!#<@! $%<A -e" -a
J2-.! $%!"!$"60! $%! -e" -a
4-.! $n!"!-a61! $%! -a"62 -a
50$.! -o" -wn
6(1.! -i -si (n)
!
!
!
!
!
!
2)/3"$QQ1!!"#$+,"/)+&%#$)&0%,,+'"0)9"#$
!
`($12! 0$! '(,! 7)#$-#7('0,! -2+2! 0$! '(,! ,&R2)A#$(A(,! 72A0+2,! A#,1#$%&#)! 1)0,! 1#72,! A0! 2)(-#2$0,@!
0$&$-#(1#E(,Y!#$10))2%(1#E(,!F!A0,#A0)(1#E(,.!
!
C(,!2)(-#2$0,!#$10))2%(1#E(,!,0!A#/0)0$-#($!A0!'(,!0$&$-#(1#E(,!72)!0'!12$2!A0!'(!E2K!F!72)i&0!0,1^$!
+()-(A(,!72)!&$!0'0+0$12!#$10))2%(1#E2!X7)2$2+R)0Y!7()1\-&'(!2!(AE0)R#2Z.!!*&0A0$!,0)!6;b=<`4"!
2!;36;b=<`4"@!!
fC(,!4695*%$3Y!0$!'(!0,-)#1&)(Y!E($!7)0-0A#A(,!A0!&$!,#%$2!A0!#$10))2%(-#D$!X0'!7&$12!F!-2+(!
0$! %)#0%2Z! ! F! ! ,&0'0$! ''0E()! 0'! +2A2! #$A#-(1#E2@! Tiv" h{keim! ! M4-"63& D"/3/N! "0! 7)272$0! '(!
-&0,1#D$!!,2R)0!&$!,&[012Y!&$!7)0A#-(A2!!2!&$!-2+7'0+0$12!-2$-)012.!
fC(,! 674695*%$3!$2!''0E($!,#%$2!A0!#$10))2%(-#D$Y!,#$2!i&0!A070$A0$!A0! E0)R2,!A0!'0$%&(!2!
0$10$A#+#0$12! -2+2! ejrwtavw! f7)0%&$1()fY! punqavnomai! f! #$/2)+(),0! A0fY! ajgnoevw! f! #%$2)()fY!
oi\da!f,(R0)f...!
ajgnow' eij ajsqenei'.!;%$2)2!,#!0,1^!0$/0)+2.!
60!0,12,!E0)R2,!7&0A0!A070$A0)!&$(!2)(-#D$!,&R2)A#$(A(!#$1)2A&-#A(!72)!'(!-2$[&$-#D$!eijY!2!
(AE0)R#2,! A0! '&%()! o{pou! & @;3@/Y! oJpovqen& @/& @;3@/...F! &1#'#K($! '2,! +#,+2,! 1#0+72,! F! +2A2,!
i&0!,#!'(!2)(-#D$!/&0)(!A#)0-1(.!!
!
B.!"2$!67%599:D$%6A$3'%:%$#53!'(,!i&0!7)0%&$1($!,2R)0!0'!-2$10$#A2!-2+7'012!A0!'(!2)(-#D$!X0,!A0-#)Y!
'(,! i&0! (A+#10$! 72)! )0,7&0,1(! &$! n,\n! 2! &$! n$2nZ.! C(,! A#)0-1(,! 7&0A0$! #)! #$1)2A&-#A(,! 72)! &$!
(AE0)R#2!A0!$0%(-#D$!ou[! X-&($A2!,0!0,70)(!)0,7&0,1(!(/#)+(1#E(Z!2!mhv! X-&($A2!,0!0,70)(!)0,7&0,1(!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
<@! !!R!€!J'#17/!I'(!&$21(!@.$!%'!*,$($%&1%!(-;21!#'2'!4$(-%$%#-1!4$!%'2-%1&-J'6!&-$%$%!171,;12-$%&'!
#'2*$%(1&',-'!*',!71!*j,4-41!4$!71!#'%('%1%&$/!
<A! !!N$(-%$%#-1!Q$,'!<%'!1514$%!%141!*1,1!#1,1#&$,-B1,!$7!%'2-%1&-J's!,$#.$,41!$%!7'(!DEPbYVF6!D'2!
€!R'#!€!"#.(>!
60) )_',! '*'(-#-:%! 17! %'2-%1&-J'6! $7! J'#1&-J'! 1%&-;.'! &$%+1! 4$(-%$%#-1! #$,'6! *$,'! *'(&$,-',2$%&$! ($!
-2*'%$!71!&$%4$%#-1!1!(-%#,$&-B1,!)!($!.(1!$7!%'2-%1&-J'!$%!G.%#-:%!4$!J'#1&-J'/!
61! !|2!ƒ!*.$4$!,$17-B1,($!#'2'!-a!<&,1(!#'%('%1%&$M!tovn a[ndra>!'!#'2'!-n <&,1(!J'#17M!thvn polivn>/!
62) )I1! 4$(-%$%#-1! 4$! -%4'$.,'*$'! |%(! *1(1! $%! 71! 21)',+1! 4$! 4-17$#&'(! 1! Sa"! *',! J'#17-B1#-:%! 4$! 71!
('%1%&$/!

!
!
! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

!
!
$0%(1#E(ZY! &$#A2! (! &$(! 7()1\-&'(@! ou[koun! XS$2! 0,! E0)A(A! i&0...WZY! oujkou'n! XSA0! +($0)(! i&0...W! ZY!
ouj mevntoi, a\ra mhv....
C(!7()1\-&'(!#$10))2%(1#E(!a\ra!-2$!0'!,#%$#/#-(A2!A0!n(-(,2n!0,!'(!+^,!&,(A(@!
a\r j oJra/'" tavdem!!M$7$%)&D/%&/%5)N&
`(+R#U$!V(F!#$A#)0-1(,!121('0,@!!
suv de; fravsai, ei[ me swvsei".!OP&@?&%"&8/&%$1D$*:%=&
!
G.!"2$!#7%599:D$%6A$3'8$9*6$#53!'(,!i&0!7)0%&$1($!72)!-&('i&#0)!0'0+0$12!A0!'(!2)(-#D$Y!+0A#($10!
&$! 7)2$2+R)0! 2! (A[01#E2! #$10))2%(1#E2.! C(,! #$A#)0-1(,! 7()-#('0,! 7)0%&$1($! 72)! &$! +#0+R)2! A0! '(!
2)(-#D$!7)#$-#7('@!
hjpovroun tiv pote levgein@!K)&@-@$.$&@/&QK)&3)&%$.?$R&4-6&@/7"*&/3&$4-/11$&)7$%";3=&
!
H.!C(!2)(-#D$!67%599:D$%6A$'4:F#5':''463B@7%6A$!7)0%&$1(!72)!'(,!A#,1#$1(,!72,#R#'#A(A0,!A0!2R)()@!!
yeuvsomai h[ e[tumo" ejrevw!m!!M8/35"*6&)&@"*6&1$&D/*@$@N&
"&,!0,i&0+(,!,2$@!fpovteron / povtera ....... h[...m&M$7$%)=====&)=====NY!
-ei[te...ei[te...!M."/3====)&."/3===N&&
povteron suvmmaco" hJmi`n ei\ h] ejcqrov"m!M0*/%&$7$%)&3-/%5*)&$1"$@)&)&3-/%5*)&/3/8"C)N&
&
*0)2!0'!7)#+0)!1U)+#$2!0$!'(,!#$A#)0-1(,!7&0A0!,0)!1(+R#U$!eij...
eij.......ei[te......
!
I.! L)(-#D$! 67%599:D$%6A$' 95%=96*$! 0,! (i&0''(! i&0! $2! 0,70)(! )0,7&0,1(Y! ,#$2! i&0! 0_7)0,(!
,0$1#+#0$12,!A0!(A+#)(-#D$Y!,2)7)0,(Y!+#0A2...!
tiv e[crhn me poieinm mh; prosavgein gravya"m!!MS-6&5/3?$&4-/&B$7/*&()N&M$7$%)&3)&$@8"5"*&
1$%&$7-%$7")3/%N&
!
$

!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

!
!

$$"#
!

Tiv ejsti to; kalovn#!


,
J:,9-<1-*;'*,+&%<.*;'7,_%,9-47,'7.%47,)&Z='-=%.*;'*,9-;,%4%)'%=-7;*9,4*,$:%'>;,Apkn/dpn,%(H(C,8%,72&%,4*,*9'*,*9=&-'7&,
%'*;-*;9*, 9*,=%&%='*&-`%,)7&,*:,197,4*:,4-Z:7<7, +-:79>+-=7,=7;,*:, b1*,%)&7N-.%,*:,)*;9%.-*;'7,%,:%, +7&.%,*;,b1*,M9'*,
91&<*(, J9, =%&%='*&@9'-=%, '%.2-M;, :%, )&7:-+*&%=->;, 4*, )%&'@=1:%9(, 0*, &*+:*3%, %b1@, :%, 9*;=-::*`, 4*:, :*;<1%3*, BS, *;, =-*&'%,
.*4-4%S, *:, .M'747, 4*, )&*<1;'%9, B, &*9)1*9'%9, b1*, 1'-:-`%2%, 0>=&%'*9, *;, 919, *;9*m%;`%9(, 8%, G-%:M='-=%, *9, *:, 4-Z:7<7,
=7;6*&'-47,*;,.M'747(,
,
0>=&%'*9, =7;6*&9%, =7;, T-))-%9, 4*, J:*%, 972&*, :%, *41=%=->;S, B, *;, :%, :@;*%, 4*, 919, %&<1.*;'%=-7;*9, ::*<%, %, =*;'&%&9*, :%,
4-9=19->;,*;,'7&;7,%,:%,2*::*`%,AA#"#%*(B%C'.S,kqj,=/4C(,
,
a0eH!"PJ0L, DE0F( .%GH3( $#)3)*I( ?).'( 1)3/%7( "0)*$'( E0)( $<( 9%34%*7( C'( #3$)3$%.F7( ,'9'( *#( &0)*)( 98*( 5#)3( %E0)-7(
:%,).$)(".)/03$%*;(?0)*(*#(%(F-(-)(9'*$.%.%*()*$)(%./09)3$'(E0)(4#,)*7()-(E0)(1).*%(*'5.)( -%*(,'*$095.)*(:).9'*%*7(
$.%*('+.$)7(,0%34'(,)*%.%*(4)(:%5-%.7(3'($)(".)/03$%.+%(*'5.)(3#3/03%('$.%(,'*%(98*(E0)(*'5.)((-%(5)--)G%(6"0)*$'(E0)(
$#)3)()*%(,'*$095.)6(C($)(4#.+%J(6K!L$.%3M).';;;(
!
...a\r v ouj dikaiosuvnh/ divkaioiv eijsin oiJ divkaioi Contesta, Hipias, como si fuera él el que te lo
preguntara
IPP: ajpovkrinomai oJvti dikaiosuvnh/.
SWKR. oujkou'n ejvsti ti tou'to, hJ dikaiosuvnh!"
IPP. Pavnu ge.
SWKR. Oujkou'n kai; sofiva/ oiJ sofoiv eijsi sofoi; kai; tw/' ajgaqw'/ pavnta tajgaqav ajgaqav !"
IPP. Pw'" d v oujv!"
SWKR. j'Ar v ouj'n ouj kai; ta; kala; pavnta tw/' kalw'/ ejsti kalav!"
IPP. Naiv, tw/' kalw/'.
SWKR. Tiv ejsti tou'to to; kalovn!"
IPP. Bouvlei, w\ Swvkrate", ajkouvein tiv ejsti kalovn!"
SWKR. oujv moi dokei', ajll v oJvti ejsti to; kalovn, w\ JIppiva.
IPP. Kai; tiv diafevrei tou't v ejkeivnou!"
SWKR. Oujdevn soi dokei'!"
IPP. Oujde;n ga;r diafevrei.
SWKR. jAlla; mevntoi dh'lon oJvti diafevrei. ejrwtw' gavr se ouj tiv ejsti kalovn, ajll v o{ti
ejsti; to; kalovn.
IPP. Manqavnw, kai; ajpokrivnomai soi o{ti ejsti, w\ Swvkrate", eij dei' to; ajlhqe;" le;gein,
parqevno" kalh; kalovn.
"""
G_G\.-.-YU'
B.f!4$('#K(!+2)/2'D%#-(+0$10@!
-tajgaqav
-bouvlei
-Swvkrate"
!
!
!
!
,

!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

!
!
2)/3"$Q4T$!+#$:+*+#$9%,5"!%#$*%!$0%:"$*%$-,%#%&0%$
!
=$!'2,!-&(1)2!10+(,!10+72)('0,jd!i&0!V(F!0$!%)#0%2!,0!/2)+($!,0#,!+2A2,@!
! ! ;$A#-(1#E2! ! {!)0('#A(A!
! ! "&R[&$1#E2! ! {!#))0('#A(A!
! ! ;+70)(1#E2! ! {!2)A0$Y!+($A(12!
! ! L71(1#E2! ! {!A0,02!
! ! ;$/#$#1#E2! ! !
! ! *()1#-#7#2!
!
='! :2A2! 272$0! '(! $2-#D$! A0! (-1&('#A(A! 2! )0('#A(A! /)0$10! (! '(! $2f(-1&('#A(A.! 60! 0''2,Y! ,D'2! 0'!
3@FH@7%6A:!X-2$!A0,#$0$-#(,!7)#+()#(,Z!F!0'!:8%$%6A:!X-2$!A0,.!,0-&$A()#(,Z!1#0$0$!&$!,&/#[2!+2A('@!
'(!E2-('!'()%(!0$!0'!7)#+0)2!F!&$(!sf#!{!i !0$!271(1#E2.!
;&! -WZ-.0<-aY>'
:2A2!7)27#2!A0!'(!)0('#A(A.!"0!&1#'#K(!0$!2)(-#2$0,!7)#$-#7('0,!F!0$!,&R2)A#$(A(,.!
!
)&! U[d_[W<-aY'
G.B.!'LTJL+LUVWX&*b="=3`=!A0!">j]>3`;JL!!
C(!-()(-10)\,1#-(!A0'!,&R[&$1#E2!-2$,#,10!0$!0'!('()%(+#0$12!A0!'(,!E2-('0,!A0!&$#D$!!2! ],w, e,],
h!Y!A0!/2)+(!i&0!
!
!*b=".!">j]! !10+(!E0)R('!k!E2-('!'()%(!k!A0,.!*)#+()#(,.!
!
' eijmiv luvw timavw filevw
Bx7.!,%.! w\ luv-w tim-w' fil-w'
Gy7.!,%.! h/\" luv-h/" tima/'" filh/'"
Hy7.!,%.! h/\ luv-h/ tima/' filh'/
By7.7'.! w\men luv-w-men timw'men filw'men
Gy7.!7'.!! h\te luv-h-te tima'te filh'te
Hy7.!7'.! w\si luv-w-si(n) timw'si(n) filw'si(n)
!
=$! '2,! E0)R2,! 0$! ^avw6! 0'! 7)0,0$10! A0! ,&R[&$1#E2! 1#0$0! '(! +#,+(! /2)+(! i&0! 0'! 7)0,0$10! A0!
#$A#-(1#E2!A0R#A2!(!'(,!-2$1)(--#2$0,.!
=$!A:^'?546$!,0!/2)+(!1(+R#U$!-2$!0'!('()%(+#0$12!A0!'(!E2-('!10+^1#-(@!
!
' luvw timavw filevw
Bx7.!,%.! luv-w-mai timw'mai filwmai
Gy7.!,%.! luv-h-sai tima/' filh'/
Hy7.!,%.! luv-h-tai tima'tai filhvtai
By7.7'.! luv-w-meqa timw'meqa filw'meqa
Gy7.!7'.!! luv-h-sqe timavsqe filhvsqe
Hy7.!7'.! luv-w-ntai timwvntai filwvntai

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
B=) )b$21!&$2*',17!€!&$21!J$,?17!!<7$=$21!@.$!$=*,$(1!$7!#'%&$%-4'!($23%&-#'>!{!(.G-A'!&$2*',17/!

!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

!
!
!
G.G.!IY,OWZYIX&
='!,&R[&$1#E2!7)0,0$1(!'(!(--#D$!E0)R('!-2+2!$2!)0('#K(A(!(l$Y!70)2Y!(!'(!E0KY!,&,-071#R'0!A0!
,0)'2.! *&0A0! 10$0)! &$! E('2)! A0! E2'&$1(A! X,&R[.! J2'&$1(1#E2Z! ! 2! &$! +(1#K! -0)-($2! ('! /&1&)2!
X,&R[.!*)2,70-1#E2Z!"&0'0!#)!+(1#K(A2!72)!&$(!7()1\-&'(!(AE0)R#('!a[n!i&0!+2A#/#-(!0'!E('2)!A0!
'(,! /2)+(,! E0)R('0,! (! '(,! i&0! ,0! &$0Y! -2$! 0'! ,#%$#/#-(A2! A0! n''0%(A2! 0'! -(,2nY! 70)2! i&0! 0$!
0,7(r2'Y! %0$0)('+0$10Y! GU' `G_Y\' WY' <\0Z[.-\&! =,1(! 7()1\-&'(! (7()0-0)^! 1(+R#U$!
(-2+7(r($A2!('!271(1#E2!i&0!E0)0+2,!72,10)#2)+0$10.!<2$!0'!,&R[&$1#E2!'(!0$-2$1)()0+2,!!
f0$!2)(-#2$0,!10+72)('0,Y!)0'(1#E(,!F!/#$('0,!)0/0)#A(,!('!/&1&)2.!
f0$!'(!(7DA2,#,!A0!'(,!2)(-#2$0,!-2$A#-#2$('0,.!
f-2$!1#0+72,!7(,(A2,!#$A#-(!%0$0)('+0$10!&$(!(--#D$!#))0('!2!7210$-#('.!
!
o(F!-2$[&$-#2$0,!i&0!5V6D57'#$'895357*6$'45#'?:4:'3@FH@7%6A:Y!(&$i&0!('!1)(A&-#)!$2!,0(!
,#0+7)0! 7)0-#,2! +($10$0)'2.! Y*@995' *:7' #$3' *:7H@7*6:753' N@5' ##5A$7' #$' 8$9%M*@#$'
a[n (o{tan, e[an, ejpeivdan...)':'*:7':%9$3'*:?:'#$'J67$#''i{na.
'
'
E&! -`"G\0<-aY'
='!#+70)(1#E2!,0!&,(!7()(!0_7)0,()!D)A0$0,!F!7)2V#R#-#2$0,.!*)0,0$1(!'(!(--#D$!-2+2!(l$!$2!
)0('#K(A(Y!70)2!(r(A0!'(!0_7)0,#D$!A0!&$!+($A(12.!
!
I&! Y"<0<-aY'
I.B.&'LTJL+LUVW&&
=$!'2,!E0)R2,!%5?S%6*:3Y!,0!-()(-10)#K(!72)!&$!,&/#[2!sf#!{!!i!i&0!/2)+(!A#712$%2!-2$!'(!E2-('!
10+^1#-(m!U,1(!0,!,#0+7)0!A0!1#+R)0!929Y!+0$2,!0$!(2)#,12!i&0!7&0A0!,0)!9a!9!2!9e9@!
!
5?8@A!B=7C8!DEF!
$$

!
!
!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

!
!

$%"#
&1*.0780'$%-)*2*1".*!#)!).%+%)'&.*
+%#+0'.$"'+%"1&.*
!
1. Crh; ta;" mhtevra" muvqou" levgein toi'" paisivn.
2. Poiw'men a{ levgei".
3. To;n ga;r kako;n ajei; dei' paideuvein, i{n j ajmeivnwn h\/.
4. {Otan pivnwsin oi\non oiJ a[nqrwpoi, tovte ploutou'si kai; eujdaimonou'sin.
Dia; tou'to Pivndaro" levgei: oi\no" kai; ajlhvqeia.
5. Crh; tou;" a[llou" pavnta" eujdaivmona" poiei'n, i{na h[dh a{pasa povli" eujdaimonh'/.
6. Oujde;n toi'" ajnqrwvpoi" e[stin ajgaqo;n o{ ti a[n mh; oiJ qeoi; parevcwsin.
7. {Otan ejggu;" e[rchtai oJ qavnato", oujdei;" bouvletai ajpoqnhv/skein.
8. To; gamei'n64, ejavn65 ti" ajlhvqeian skoph/', kako;n mevn ejstin, ajll j ajnagkai'on kakovn.
9. AiJ yucaiv, o{tan to;n makro;n bivon teleutw'sin, krivsew" tugcavnousin.
10. Duvo me;n w\ta66, stovma de; e{n67 oiJ a[nqrwpoi e[cousin dia; tovde, i{na polla; me;n ajkouvwsin,
ojlivga de; levgwsin. jAllav to; gevno" tw'n ajnqrwvpwn diafevrei tw'n a[llwn zw/vwn dia; to;
cei'ra" e[cein68.
11. Frontivzei potevra aujtovn levgh/ pai'da h] a[ndra.
12. mhv pisteuvhte tw/' qew/'.
13. h[69 qauvmaston nomivzei" eij kaiv tw/' qew/' dokei' ejme bevltion ei\nai h[de teleuta'nm!
'
G_G\.-.-YU'
'
B." 4$('#K(!'(,!,#%&#0$10,!/2)+(,!E0)R('0,@!

-macovmenou"
-e[cousin
-pivnh/
-oijkei'sqai
-teleutw'nta"
-poiou'ntai
-eujdaimonw'si
-e[ch/
!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
64! !!To; gamei'n!%'!$(!L#1(1,($Ls!(-;%-G-#1!7-&$,172$%&$!L&'21,!$(*'(1L6!4$!1C+!@.$!($1!&,1%(-&-J'/!
65! !e[an!€!eij!{!a[n/!9%&,'4.#$!71(!#'%4-#-'%17$(!$J$%&.17$(!@.$6!'?J-12$%&$6!#'%(&,.)$%!#'%!(.?A.%&-J'!
66! !D'2/!ou\",!;$%6!wjtov"/!
67! !!VaVM!ejn!%'!$(!7'!2-(2'!@.$!e{n, )!!eij"!%'!$(!7'!2-(2'!@.$!ei{".
68! !E(! "%1=3;',1(! $7! @.$! 4-#$! @.$! LE7! C'2?,$! $(! $7! 23(! -%&$7-;$%&$! 4$! 7'(! 1%-217$(! ;,1#-1(! 1! &$%$,!
21%'(L/!_',!$7!#'%&,1,-'6!",-(&:&$7$(!<(/!9R!1/Q>!(.*'%$!@.$!17!C'2?,$!7$!C1%!(-4'!4141(!71(!21%'(!*',@.$!$(!
-%&$7-;$%&$!)6!*',!&1%&'6!#1*1B!4$!.&-7-B1,71(/!
69! !!VaVM!#'%A/!h[&!€!,$7!/%'2/(;/G/!h{ €!1,&/%'2/(;/G/&hJ!€!,$7/!41&/!(;/G/!h/&| €!c…*/!(;/!_,$(/!F.?A/!h/(\ &

!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

!
!
!
2.! N$#7-%1!$%!(;/!)!*7/!7'(!14A$&-J'(M!pa'", pa'sa, pa'n ) eujdaivmwn, -on.

! ";35>C4b! *C>b4C!
32+.! ! !
4-&,.! ! !
50$.! ! !
6(1.! ! !

! ";35>C4b! *C>b4C!
32+.! eujdaivmwn eujdaivmon !
4-&,.! ! !
50$.! ! !
6(1.! ! !
,
!!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
2)/3"$Q7"!%!$):-%,2%/0+$*%$)&*)/"0)9+1$%!$"(:%&0+1$
!
C2,! 1#0+72,! V#,1D)#-2,! 2! ,0-&$A()#2,! X#+70)/0-12Y! (2)#,12! F! 7'&,-&(+70)/0-12Z! &1#'#K($! '(,!
A0,#$0$-#(,! ,0-&$A()#(,! FY! 0$! ;$A#-(1#E2Y! ,0! -()(-10)#K($! 72)! 0'! 4>:=3`LY! &$(! E2-('! A0! 1#+R)0!
s0f!!i&0!,0!-2'2-(!A0'($10!A0'!10+(.!4,\.@!
!
;:*=b8.!;36. !(&+0$12!k!10+(!A0!7)0,.!k!E2-('!10+^1.!k!A0,.!,0-&$A()#(,.!
!
! !"#$%&'()*+
C'(+(+2,Y!7&0,Y!!4>:=3`L!(!&$!)(,%2!+2)/2'D%#-2!i&0!,#)E0!7()(!,&R)(F()!
'(! #A0(! A0! 7(,(A2! F! ! i&0! 0,! &$! 0'0+0$12! (--0,2)#2! i&0! ,0! ($1072$0! ('! 10+(! ej..... on
E0)R('!i&0!-2+#0$K(!72)!-2$,2$($10.! ej..... e"
!
ej..... e
!!!!!s0!!{! e!!k!pauvw!!!{!e[pauon
e!k!luvw!!!!!!{!e[luon.... ej..... omen
! ej..... ete
B." "#!!'(!-2$,2$($10!#$#-#('!0,!rfY!U,1(!,0!)0A&7'#-(@!rJivptw ƒ e[rripton.
ej..... on
G." "#!'(!)(\K!0+7#0K(!72)!E2-('!0'!(&+0$12!0,!&$!4C4b54:;=3`L!A0!0,(!E2-('!#$#-#('!X70)2!
V(F! i&0! 10$0)! 0$! -&0$1(! i&0! ('%&$2,! A0! '2,! 7)0,0$10,! i&0! 0+7#0K($! 72)! E2-('Y! 0,-2$A0$!
7)#+#1#E(,!)(\-0,!-2+0$K(A(,!72)!,#%+(!2!72)!21)2,!/2$0+(,!A0,(7()0-#A2,Z@!

!
!
! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

!
!
! !
! "#!0+7#0K(!72)! 4C4b54! *b="=3`=! ;:*=b8=<`L! !
a h a[gw h[gon
ai h/ aijsqavnomai h/\sqanomhn
au, eu hu euJrivskw huJrivskon
e h ejlauvnw h[launon 70)2!@!!e[cwJ$ei[con
e{pomaiJ$eiJpovmhn €!
o w ojfeivlw wjfeivlon 70)2@!oJravwJ$eJwvrwn€!
oi w/ oi[omai w/jovmhn
32! h h h|kw h|kon
('()%($!
ou ou ou[tazw ou[tazon

H." "#!0'!E0)R2!0,!-2+7&0,12!A0!7)072,#-#D$!X7)0E0)R#2ZY!0'!(&+0$12!,0!#$10)-('(!0$1)0!U,1(! F!0'!


10+(!E0)R('@!eijs-fevrw!!{!!eijsevferonm!!!!!e[x-agw!!{!ejxh'gon..
!
!!!!!!f"#! 0'! 7)0E0)R#2! (-(R(! 0$! E2-('Y! U,1(! ,0! 0'#A0Y! 0_-0712! -&($A2! ,0! 1)(1(! A0! '(,!
7)072,#-#2$0,!ajmfiv, periv, prov.!
diabavllw!{!!!!dievballon
ajmfibavllw!!!{!ajmfievballon...
!
f<&($A2!0'!7)0E0)R#2!0,!suvn, ejnY!!'(!$(,('!,0!(,#+#'(!(!'(!-2$,2$($10!A0'!)(A#-('@!
n!!k!'(R#('!!{!m!!!!!!!!!en-bavllw! !ejmbavllwY!#+70)/.!@!ejnevballon.
n!!!k l!!!!!!!!{! l!!!!!!!!sun-levgw! !sullevgwY!#+70)/.@!sunevlegon
n !!k!%&1&)('!{!g sun-givgnomai !suggivgnomai.!!#+70)/@!sunegivgnomhn.
!
'''''';:*=b8=<`L!' `(+R#U$! V(F! i&0! 10$0)! 0$! -&0$1(! i&0! '(,!
eijmiv e[rcomai 1)ei\mi A0,#$0$-#(,! ,0-&$A()#(,! #)^$! 7)0-0A#A(,! A0!
E2-('!10+^1#-(Y! F!i&0!U,1(Y!0$!0'!-(,2!A0!'2,!
h\n h\/a E0)R2,!-2$1)(-12,Y!,&/)#)^!'(,!-2$1)(--#2$0,.!

h\sqa h\/ei"

h\n h\/ei (n)

h\men h\/men

h\te h\/te

h\san h\/san

!
!
! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

!
!

$&"##
&1*%,!&#6&+$)*(&*%'(%+"$%-)*
X+$%&,-./%Y!4)#,1D/($0,Z!
''
=,1)07,\(A0,Y!&$!($-#($2Y!0,1^!+&F!0$A0&A(A2!72)!'2,!-()2,!%&,12,!A0!,&!V#[2!F!$2!7&0A0!A2)+#)!72)!
'(!7)02-&7(-#D$.!
!
1. JO Streyivadh" ojlofurovmeno" tugcavnei o{ti polla; crhvmata ojfeivlei. oJ ga;r uiJov",
iJppomanh;" w[n, polla; crhvmata ajei; lambavnei. nu'n de; tugca;nei baqevw" kaqeuvdwn oJ uiJov",
u{pno" d v oujk ejvcei to;n patevra.
STREYIADES!X,0!%#)(!('!2\)!/&0)10,!)2$i&#A2,Z
baqevw" kaqeuvdei oJ uiJov" kai; ouj pauvetai kaqeuvdwn (j2,10K($A2!F!%#+210($A2!#$10$1(!A2)+#))
ajll j ejvti ajvgrupnov" eijmi, kai; cqe;" ajvgrupno" h\n ejgwv, scedo;n o{lhn th;n nuvkta70. ojlivgon gavr
tina crovnon ejkavqeudon ejgwv. ajll j o{te ejkavqeudon, tovte ejn toi'" ojneivroi" ejdivwkovn me oiJ
crh'stoi71 kai; divkhn ejlavmbanon72 dia; to;n ejmo;n uJiovn. kai; ejn ajporiva/ m j o[nta oujdei;" ejvsw/zen,

ajll j ejgw; me;n o{lhn th;n nuvkta ta;" divka" tauvta" ajei; e[feugon, oJ d j uiJo;" ouJtosi; 73
crhvmata polla; ajei; ejlavmbanen, iJppomanh;" w[n.
Kai; kaqeuvdwn ojneiropolei' oJ neaniva" i{ppou". kai; ga;r e[ti pai'" w[n wjneiropovlei tou;" i{ppou".
Tiv" ai[tio" h\n m aijtiva hJ gunhv, eu\ oi\da. ejkeivnh ga;r ajei; to;n uijo;n ejlavmbane kai; dielevgeto
peri; tw'n i{ppwn. oJ ou\n uiJo;" ajei; peri; i{ppwn h[koue kai; ejmavnqanen.
X,0!2F0!&$!/&0)10!)2$i&#A2!A0!,&!V#[2Z!
Su; dev baqevw" kavqeudei". ta; ga;r creva, eu\ oi\sq v o{ti eij" th;n kefalh;n th;n ejmh;n trevpetai.
ouj ejpauovmeqa oujvpot v ejgwv te kai; hJ gunh; peri; tou' paidov" loidorouvmenoi. ajei; ga;r
ejloidorouvmeqa.
jAll v w\ Zeu', dia; tiv tou;" gavmou" ou{tw pikrou;" poiei'"m ajei; ga;r pikro;n poiei' to;n ejmo;n bivon
hJ gunhv. ajll j wJ" hJdu;" h\n oJ ajvgroiko" bivo". oJ de; gavmo" wJ" pikrov".

G_G\.-.-YU&'
!
B.!`)(A&-0!F!'&0%2!-(+R#(!A0!7)0,0$10!(!#+70)/0-12@!
a. kaqeuvdw ejgwv, all j e[ti diwvkousiv me oiJ a[ndre".
b. tiv" aijvtiov" ejstinm hJ gunhv. ajei; ga;r lambavnei to;n uiJo;n kai; dialevgetai peri; i{ppwn.
g. oJ gavmo" wJ" pikrov" ejstin. ajei; ga;r pikro;n poiei' to;n gavmon hJ gunhv.
,
G.!4$('#K(!F!-(+R#(!A0!$l+0)2@!
-dielegovmeqa -boulwvmeqa
-eijsevferon -w[feile"
H.!*2$!0$!%)#0%2!10$#0$A2!0$!-&0$1(!i&0!0'!E0)R2!pauvw!)#%0!7()1#-#7#2!7)0A#-(1#E2@!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
70) ))a.%&'! 17!J17',! *,-2',4-17! 4$! VN6! $7! 1#.(1&-J'! *,$($%&1! &12?-j%! .('(! (-%&3#&-#'(! 14J$,?-17$(/! E7!
1#.(1&-J'!4$!$=&$%(-:%!$%!$7!&-$2*'!)!$%!$7!$(*1#-'!$=*,$(1!4-#C1(!,$71#-'%$(!(-%!%$#$(-414!4$!*,$*'(-#-:%M!
o{lhn th;n nuvkta.
71) )!oiJ crh'stoi!$(&$!14A$&-J'!(.(&1%&-J14'!$%!21(#.7-%'!*7.,17!(-;%-G-#1!/$2);&%"$2)=+&#6#6"$2/!
72! !!divka" lambavnw!+5($"%')&"6)(%"6D)8$56'):%"16"<6/!
73! !!E%!7'(!',14',$(!)!$%!",-(&:G1%$(!$(!G,$#.$%&$!$7!.('!4$7!*,'%'2?,$!4$2'(&,1&-J'!7-;14'!1!71!*1,&+#.71!
4$2'(&,1&-J1!|S-6!@.$!1514+1!.%1!21&-B1#-:%!7'#1&-J1M!928%)Q&%)%28X)63C6!#'2'!(-!$7!C1?71%&$!7'!($5171,1!#'%!
$7!4$4'/!

!
!
!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

!
!
MS-"63&)*@/3$.$&$&/%5)%&/%71$D)%&@/A$*&@/&5*$.$A$*N&
&
&
&
+)%&3"[)%&3)&@/A$.$3&@/&@"%7-5"*=&
&
&
&
I." `=|`L"!<L:*C=:=3`4b;L"@!!
%C,Tau'ta levgonte" oiJ strathgoi; peivqousin to;n dh'mon.

2C,! Tou;" pai'da" eij" gumnavsion pevmpousin, i{na sw'mata beltivona e[cwntai.

=C, jErcwvmeqa rJwvmh/ kai; qumw/' ejpi; tou;" polemivou".

4C,! Ku'ro" de; aujto;n ejkevleue levgein o{ ti bouvletai. <Ku'ro, -ou, oJJ$U31"B$1*M$7*$:*153-=$

*C, jEa;n oiJ filovsofoi mh; basileuswsin ejn tai'" povlesin h[ oiJ basilei'" mh; filosofw'
sin, $

oujk e[stai74 kakw'n teleuthv tai'" povlesin oujde; tw/' gevnei ajnqrwvpinw/.

+C,!jEkeivno" oJ neaniva", o{" ejn th/' ejkklhsiva/ tau'ta e[legen, stratiwvth" ejstivn.

<C,! e[xesti tw/' turavnnw/ poiei'n kai; levgein a{ bouvletai.

2)/3"$Q81$/!"#)2)/"/)6&$*%$!+#$-,+&+:5,%#T$

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
74, ,,e[stai!"#$%&'(&")*+*,-"./01,23&"

!
!
! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

!
!
!
! ! ! By!7.!! ejgw'
hJmei'"
! ! ! Gy!7. suv
! 3L!b=8C=|;JL"!!!!!!!!!!!!! uJmei'"
! ! ! H!y!7. eJ
sfei'"
*=b"L34C="!
! ! ! By!7. eJmautovn, -hvn, -o
hJma'" aujtou'", -a"
! ! ! Gy!7.!semautovn, -hn, -o
! b=8C=|;JL"!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! ! uJma'" aujtou'", -a"
! ! ! Hy!7.!eJautovn, -hvn, -ov
sfa'" aujtou'", -a"
!
! By!7.!!!!ejmov", ejmhv, ejmovn
hJmevtero", hJmevtera, hJmevteron
*L"=";JL"!!! Gy!7.!!!sov", shv, sovn.
uJmevtero", uJmevtera, uJmevteron.
! Hy!7.!!!32!0_#,10.!
!
oJvde, hJvde, tovde
outo", auJvth, tou'to
6=:L"`b4`;JL" ejkei'no", -h, -o
! aujtov", aujthv , aujtov.
!
b=<e*bL<L!! ajllhvlou", -a", -a.

! oJv", hJv, oJv.


b=C4`;JL" oJvsper, hJvper, oJvper.
oJvsti", hJvti", oJvti.

! tiv", tiv.
povtero". -a. -o
;3`=bbL54`;JL" povso", -a, -o.
poi'o", -a, -o

! ti", ti.
eJvkasto", -h, -on.
eJkavtero",-a, -on.
eiJ'", mi'a, eJvn.
oujdeiv", -ei'a, -en.
mhdeiv", mhdemi'a, mhdevn.
;36=8;3;6L" oJ mevn .... oJ dev...
eJvtero", -a, -on.
oujdevtero", -a, -on.
ajvllo", -h, -o.
"G\UYW02GU

!
!
!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

!
!
!
! By!70),2$(!X0+#,2)Z! Gy!70),2$(!X)0-0712)Z! Hy70),2$(!X)0/0)0$10Z!
! ";35>C4b!
3! ejgwv suv
4! ejmev me sev se e| eJ
5! ejmou' mou sou' sou ou| ouJ
6! ejmoiv moi soiv soi oi| oiJ
! *C>b4C!
3! hJmei'" uJmei'" sfei'"
4! hJma'" h{ma" uJma'" u{ma" sfa'"
5! hJmw'n h{mwn uJmw'n u{mwn sfw'n
6! hJmi'n h{min uJmi'n u{min sfivsi
!
!
\G.i"\Y.Y'!@7:3'$':%9:3+'
'
! *'&)('!
! +(,-.! /0+.! $0&1)2!
4! ajllhvlou" ajllhvla" a[llhla
5! ajllhvlwn
6! ajllhvloi" ajllhvlai" ajllhvloi"
!
ZG`YU<\0<-aYU'!53%5('535('$N@5#s+'
!
! "#$%&'()! *'&)('!
! +(,-.! /0+.! $0&1)2! +(,-.! /0+.! $0&1)2!
G! o{de h{de tovde oi{de ai{de tavde
8! tovnde thvnde tovnde touvsde tavsde tavde
H! tou'de th'sde tou'de tw'nde
I! tw'/de th'/de tw'/de toi'sde tai'sde toi'sde
! "#$%&'()! *'&)('!
! +(,-.! /0+.! $0&1)2! +(,-.! /0+.! $0&1)2!
G! ou|to" au{th tou'to ou{toi au|tai tau'ta
8! tou'ton tauvthn tou'to tou'tou" tauvta" tau'ta
H! tou'tou tauvth" tou'tou touvtwn
I! touvtw/ tauvth/ touvtw/ touvtoi" tauvtai" touvtoi"
!
! "#$%&'()! *'&)('!
! +(,-.! /0+.! $0&1)2! +(,-.! /0+.! $0&1)2!
G! ejkei'no" ejkei'nh ejkei'non ejkei'noi ejkei'nai ejkei'na
8! ejkei'non ejkeivnhn ejkei'non ejkeivnou" ejkeivna" ejkei'na
H! ejkeivnou ejkeivnh" ejkeivnou ejkeivnwn
I! ejkeivnw/ ejkeivnh/ ejkeivnw/ ejkeivnoi" ejkeivnai" ejkeivnoi"
!
ZG`YU<\0<-aY'0W0,e\-.Y>'

!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

!
!
! "#$%&'()! *'&)('!
! +(,-.! /0+.! $0&1)2! +(,-.! /0+.! $0&1)2!
3! aujtov" aujthv aujtov aujtoiv aujtaiv aujtav
4! aujtovn aujthvn aujtov aujtouv" aujtav" aujtav
5! aujtou' aujth'" aujtou' aujtw'n
6! aujtw'/ aujth'/ aujtw'/ aujtoi'" aujtai'" aujtoi'"
!
-W<G\\YQ0<-aY'!N@6t7('N@t+'
! "#$%&'()! *'&)('!
! +(,9/0+! $0&1)2! +(,9/0+! $0&1)2!
3! tiv" tiv tivne" tivna
4! tivna tiv tivna" tivna
5! tivno" tou' tivnw'n
6! tivni tw'/ tivsi
!
-WZG,-W-ZYU'!$#D@657('$#D@7:('$#D:u':%9:u'@7:('767D@7:('7$465s+'
! "#$%&'()! *'&)('!
! +(,9/0+! $0&1)2! +(,9/0+! $0&1)2!
3! ti" ti tinev" tinav
4! tinav ti tinav" a[tta
5! tinov" tou tinw'n
6! tiniv tw/ tisiv
!
! "#$%&'()! *'&)('!
! +(,-.! /0+.! $0&1)2! +(,-.! /0+.! $0&1)2!
3! a[llo" a[llh a[llo a[lloi a[llai a[lla
4! a[llon a[llhn a[llo a[llou" a[lla" a[lla
5! a[llou a[llh" a[llou a[llwn
6! a[llw/ a[llh/ a[llw/ a[lloi" a[llai" a[lloi"
!!
!
! ! "#$%&'()!
! "#$%&'()! !
! +(,-.! /0+.! $0&1)2! ! +(,-.! /0+.! $0&1)2!
3! ei|" miva e{n 3! oujdeiv" oujdemiva oujdevn
4! e{na mivan e{n 4! oujdevna oujdemivan oujdevn
5! eJnov" mia'" eJnov" 5! ouJdenov" oujdemia'" ouJdenov"
6! eJniv mia'/ eJniv 6! oujdeniv oujdemia'/ oujdeniv
!
!

!
!
! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

!
!

$'"#
Tiv" ouvJtw maivnetai oJvsti" ouj bouvletai soi; fivlo" ei\naiY,
Ar*;(,@3(,OOS,l/fk(C,

!#)'),7#&.*
1. Tiv" gignwvskei eij to; zh'n ejstin ajpoqnhv/skein kai; to; ajpoqnh/vskein zh'n75 m!
2. Eujdaivmwn ejsti;n o{sti" gignwvskei tiv ejvst j a[nqrwpo".
3. JHmei'" oiJ sofoi; feuvgomen ta;" braceiva" hJdona;" ai{ luvpa" makra;" tivktousin.
4. Tivno" eijsi;n ou\toi oiJ i{ppoim!tou' basilevw".
Tivsin oijkou'sin oiJ a[nqrwpoim e{kasto" suvnestin oi|" filei'.
Tivnwn levgetem Levgomen uJmi'n o{sa oijovmeqa ajlhqh' ei\nai.
5. Pavnta o{sa hJmei'" fronou'men h[ levgomen h[ pravttomen tuvch ejstin.
6. JUmei'" zh'te to;n bivon76 oujc wJ" bouvlesqe ajll j wJ" duvnasqe.
7. JOrw' ga;r hJma'" o{soi zw'men, oujde;n o[nta".
8. Dia; tiv muvqou" hJmi'n pollavki" dihgei'sqe o{te paivde" h\menm!
9. OiJ me;n sofistai; crhvmata me;n lamba;nonte" didavskousin, mh; lamba;nonte" d j ouj
bouvlontai didavskein, oJ de; Swkravth" oujde;n lambavnwn polla; kai; ajgaqa; hJma'" didavskei.
10. Oujdei;" uJmw'n oi[etai me diafqeivrein tou;" neaniva" tou;" ejmoi; eJpomevnou".

%D%,/)/)+#T$
Z,! N$#7-%1!$%!(-%;.71,M)6Q&%//6)5&A%')*gunhv, gunaikov", hJ) ))
Z/! N$#7-%1!$%!*7.,17M!%2862)'+Q&%<62)*vcrh'ma, -ato", tov)/!
c/! b$=&'(!#'2*7$2$%&1,-'(M!
1. {Osoi a[nqrwpoi, tosau'tai dovxai.
2. JH ejn Maraqw'ni mavch ejgivgneto toiauvth oi{a oujdemiva provteron.
3. Ouj gignwvskw oi|" levgei ejkei'no" oJ sofisthv".
4. {Osti" th;n divkhn ejn bivw/ filei', ou|to" toi'" qeoi'" fivlo".
5. JW" gignwvskw, ou{tw levgw.
6. JO hJmevtero" bivo" ejsti;n wJ" qavlatta.
,,
-W<\YZ[..-eW'0'2YU'Q\0ZYU'ZG2'0Z_G<-aY&''
<2+7()(!'(,!/2)+(,!,#%&#0$10,!A0'!(A[01#E2!sofov"!F!)0,72$A0@!MS-"63&/%&/1&8:%&%$.")&#$*$&W#)1)9&
I;>)71/%&)&0-*?#"@/%N&
- JO jApovllwn oJ ejn Delfoi'" levgei tavde. sofo;" Sofoklh'", sofwvtero" d j Eujripivdh",
sofwvtato" d j ajndrw'n pavntwn Swkravth". -oJ qeo;" levgei oJvti Eujripivdh" ma'llon sofo;"
h[ Sofoklh'".
L!,0(@!!
+(%#,97'&,.....!i&(+!
+^,!.................!i&0!
ma'llon............ h[
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
75) ),E7!J$,?'!zavw!!C1#$!71(!#'%&,1##-'%$(!$%!Sh!$%!7.;1,!4$!C1#$,71(!$%!-aM!
zw' zw'men
zh/'" zh'te
zh/' zw'si.
76! !!F$! 77121! *90+*:1D3& 1.:-4.3! 17! 1#.(1&-J'! VN! @.$! #'2*7$2$%&1! 1! .%! J$,?'! 4$! 71! 2-(21! ,1+B! '! $7!
2-(2'! (-;%-G-#14'M! zw' bivon kalovn! :+:$) &"6) ;&%"6) :+#6/! E(&$! 1#.(1&-J'! -%&$,%'! *.$4$! ($,! 4$! 93.:-.123M!
fulavttei fulakh;n! S1! 4-G$,$%#-1! 4$ fulavttei to;n ejcqrovn- , nosei' novson! '! 4$! 4-+0,:*23M!
gravfei ejpistolh;n.

!
!
!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

!
!
2)/3"$QB1$!"$0%,/%,"$*%/!)&"/)6&$M))O$
,
*&'W0U02'
f"&,1.!+(,-.!F!/0+.!rJiv", rJinov"!Xn$()#KwZ!
f4A[.!+(,-.Y!/0+.!F!$.!@!eujdaivmwn, eujdaivmon.
f<&($A2!'(!$(,('!!E(!7)0-0A#A(!A0!e, oY!0$!0'!$2+.!,%.!,0!('()%(!,#$!12+()!,#%+(.!!
"#!E(!7)0-0A#A(!A0!#21(Y!,\!(r(A0!A0,#$0$-#(.!3(,('!k!,#%+(!{!A0,(7()0-0!'(!$(,('.!
!
! "#$%&'()! *'&)('! ! "#$%&'()! *'&)('!
32+! hJgemwvn hJgemovne" 32+! poimhvn poimevne"
J2-.! hJgemovn hJgemovne" J2-.! poimhvn poimevne"
4-.! hJ g emov n a hJ g emov n a" 4-.! poimev n a poimev na"
50$.! hJgemovno" hJgemovnwn 50$.! poimevno" poimevnwn
6(1.! hJ g emov n i hJ g emov s i(n) 6(1.! poimev n i poimevsi
! !!
! fo(F!10+(,!i&0!+($1#0$0$!0'!E2-('#,+2!'()%2!A0'!10+(!0$!12A(!'(!/'0_#D$Y!-2+2!
ajgwvn, ajgw'no"

4&''2ib[-Z0'
'
f"D'2!0_#,10!&$!,&,1.!A0!10+(!0$!-l@!a{l", aJlov")!v,('w.!
f=$! -r! , 10$0+2,!,&,1($1#E2,!+(,-.!F!/0+.!i&0!('()%($!'(!E2-('!/#$('!A0'!10+(!,#!0,!R)0E0!0$!0'!!
32+.,%!X0,!A0-#)Y!$2!12+($!f")!4'%&$2,!1#72,!-2+2!qhvr, qhrov",!v/#0)(wY!+($1#0$0$!'(!E2-('!
'()%(!0$!12A(!'(!/'0_#D$!
f4'%&$2,!,&,1.!A0!7()0$10,-2!0$!-thr,1#0$0$!,\$-27(!A0,/ef!0$!%0$.!F!A(1.!,%.Y!F!A(1.!7'.!0$,/asi!
Xpathvr, mhthvr, qugavthr...).!=$,ajnhvr!,0!E0)#/#-(!0$!12A2!0'!7'.!0!#$-'&,2!0$!4-.!,%.Y!(A0+^,!A0!
#$10)-('()!&$(!A0$1('!0&/D$#-(!Ad!070$1U1#-(Z.!
!
! "#$%&'()! *'&)('! ! "#$%&'()! *'&)('!
32+! mhvthr mhvtere" 32+! pathvr
J2-.! mhvter mhvtere" J2-.!
4-.! mhv t ra mhv t era 4-.!
50$.! mhtrov" mhtevrwn 50$.! patrov"
6(1.! mhtriv mhtrav s i(n) 6(1.!
!

! "#$%&'()! *'&)('! ! "#$%&'()! *'&)('!


32+! ajnhvr 32+! rJhvtwr
J2-.! J2-.!
4-.! 4-.!
50$.! ajndrov" 50$.! rJhvtoro"
6(1.! 6(1.!
!
'
'
'
'

!
!

5&''U-Q`0&'
=,12,!10+(,!/2)+($!$2+R)0,!-2$1)(-12,!72)i&0!'(!,#%+(!#$10)E2-^'#-(!-(0.!o(F!I!1#72,!A0!'2,!i&0!
,D'2!0,1&A#()0+2,!A2,@!
B.f! ,&,1.! X+(,-.! F! /0+.Z! F! (A[.! X+(,-.! /0+! F! $.Z! 0$! -h" / -e",! #$-'&F0$A2! $2+R)0,!
7)27#2,!A0'!1#72!Swkravth".
G.f!$0&1)2,!-2$!('10)$($-#(!fo"!9fe" 0$!'2,!1)0,!-(,2,!#%&('0,!A0'!,%.! gevno", gevnou"!
X{sgene-o").!!!!!!!!!
!!!!
! "#$%&'()! *'&)('!
32+! Swkravth" !
J2-.! Swvkrate" !
4-.! Swkrav t h !
50$.! Swkravtou" !
6(1.! Swkrav t ei !
!
! "#$%&'()! *'&)('!
32+! gevno" gevnh
J2-.! gevno" gevnh
4-.! gevno" gevnh
50$.! gev n ou" genw'n
6(1.! gevnei gevnesi
!
! "#$%&'()! *'&)('!
32+! ajlhqh'" ajlhqev"
4-.!
50$.!
6(1.!
!

!
!
! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

!
!

$("#
*
69:;<=>?@A*B=*C:*!"#$#%&'()*(+,-.'/*0D*8=>@E@>?=3*
$
1. faivnetai th;n megalhgorivan aujtou' prevpousan77 th'/ dianoiva/. Swktavth" ga;r oJrw'n aujto;n
peri; pavntwn ma'llon dialegovmenon h[ peri; th'" divkh" ejlevgen.
2. kai; dokei' tw'/ qew'/ bevltion ei\nai ejme; h[dh teleuta'n.
3. ajgavmeno" ejmauto;n, ejgw' hu{riskon kai; tou;" ejmoi; suggignomevnou" gignwvskonta" taujta;
peri; ejmou'.
4. ajll j ejgwv, w\ a[ndre", tou'to me;n prw'ton qaumavzw Melhvtou, o{tw/78 pote; gignwvskwn
levgei wJ" ejgw; ou{" hJ povli" nomivzei qeou;" ouj nomivzw: ejpei; a[lloi oiJ paratugcavnonte" eJwvrwn
me quvontav ejn tai'" koinai'" eJortai'" kai; ejpi; tw'n dhmosivwn bwmw'n, kai; aujto;" Mevlhto"
ejduvneto oJra'n me, eij ejbouvleto.
5. qeou' moi fwnh; faivnetai shmaivnousa o{ ti crh; poiei'n.
6. ajlla; mevntoi pavnte" kai; levgousi kai; nomivzousi tou'to, w{sper ejgwv fhmi, o{ti e[xesti
to; proeidevnai79 to;n qeo;n to; mevllon kai; to; proshmaivnein w|/ bouvletai.
7. ajll j o{mw" suv me e[lege", w\ Mevlhte, toiau'ta ejpithdeuvonta tou;" nevou" diafqeivrein[
8. ajlla; nai; ma; Div j, e[legen oJ Mevlhto", ejgw' ejkeivnou" ejgivgnwskon ou}" su; e[peiqe" soi; peivqesqai
ma'llon h[ toi'" geinamevnoi"80.

%D%,/)/)+#$
$
1.! 60-'#$(!0$!,#$%&'()!F!7'&)('@&3"3CP3!!B)8.*/&Qajnhvr, -drov", oJ )
!
! ";35>C4b! *C>b4C!
32+.! ! !
4-&,.! ! !
50$.! ! !
6(1.! ! !
,
,
,
,
,
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
77, ,$%&'-=-)-7,)&*4-=%'-67,4*)*;4-*;47,4*,faivnetai s)%&*=*sh,
78, ,N:%*$%(E0F("03$'O(
79, ,pro-oravwL,".)1).([-;+(,$*&+*='7\,
80, ,,N*0*(".'/)3#$'.)*O(

!
!
!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

!
!
,
2." 60-'#$(!0$!,#$%&'()!F!7'&)('!0'!(A[01#E2!mevga", megavlh, mevga
!
! "#$%&'()! *'&)('!
! +(,-.! /0+.! $0&1)2! +(,-.! /0+.! $0&1)2!
3!
4!
5!
6!

!
H." 4$('#K(@!
!
faivnetai
prevpousan
oJrw'n
dialegovmenon
ejlevgen
teleuta'n
ajgavmeno"
hu{riskon
suggignomevnou"
gignwvskonta"
gignwvskwn
paratugcavnonte"
eJwvrwn
quvontav
ejduvneto
ejbouvleto
shmaivnousa
e[lege"
diafqeivrein

!
!
! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

!
!
2)/3"$QC1$$/!"#)2)/"/)6&$*%$!+#$"*D%0)9+#1$!+#$&(:%,"!%#1$
!
"1$/!"#)2)/"/)6&$*%$!+#$"*D%0)9+#$
!
$+! "\-`G\0'.20UG@!/0+@!{!By!A0-'.m!+(,-.!F!$.{!Gy!A0-'.!
!
B.!62,!10)+#$(-#2$0,!72)!'(!Gy!!
f e[ndoxo", ejvndoxon!X#'&,1)0Z!
G.!`)0,!10)+#$(-#2$0,!72)!'(!Gy!X+.!$.Z!F!'(!By!0$!-a o 0$!-h!!!X/.Z!
!f!divkaio", -a, -on!X[&,12Z!
!f!ajgaqov", -hv, -ovn!XR&0$2Z!
H.!62,!10)+#$(-#2$0,!72)!'(!A0-'#$(-#D$!^1#-(!A0!'(!Gy!
- i{lew", -wn!X/(E2)(R'0Z!
o(F!1(+R#U$!(A[01#E2,!-2$1)(-12,@ eu[nou", eu[noun XR0$UE2'2ZY!ajrgurou'", -a', -ou'n!XA0!
7'(1(ZY!crusou'", -h'. -ou'n!XA2)(A2Z!
!
F+'UGQ[WZ0'.20UG@!Hy!A0-'#$(-#D$.!
I.!62,!10)+#$(-#2$0,!X+ /m!$Z!
0$!$(,('@!eujdaivmwn, eujdaivmon!X/0'#KZ!
0$!,#%+(!@!ajlhqhv", ajlhqev"!XE0)A(A0)2Z.!
!
*+'<G\.G\0'.20UG@!/0+.{!By!A0-'.m!+(,-.!F!$.!{!Hy!A0-'.!
M.!`0+(,!0$!$(,('!Hy!9!10+(,!0$!f(!!Bx!@!!
mevla", mevlaina, mevlan!X$0%)2Z.!
O.!`0+(,!0$!f$1!Hy!!9!10+(,!0$!f(!By!@!!
pa'", pa'sa, pa'n!X12A2Z!
P.!`0+(,!0$!f&!Hy!!9!10+(,!0$!f(!-2$1)(-12,!By@!!
tacuv", tacei'a, tacuv!X)^7#A2Z.!
Q.!`0+(,!n#))0%&'()0,n!X-2$!/0+.!0$!fVZ!
mevga", megavlh, mevga!X%)($A0Z!
poluv", pollhv, poluv!X+&-V2Z!
pra/'o", pra/ei'a, pra/'on!XA&'-0Z!
B?.!4A[01#E2,!i&0!1#0$0$!&$(!,2'(!/2)+(!7()(!'2,!1)0,!%U$0)2,@!!
penhv", -hto"!X72R)0Z!
gennavda", -ou!X$2R'0Z!
,
! ! R"0Hc8O?5, IJRJ?O?5, ?JcP!5,

! G!10)+#$(-#2$0,! e[ndoxo" ejvndoxon!!


;!-'(,0! H!10)+#$(-#2$0,! divkaio" divkaia divkaion
XBy!F!Gy!A0-'Z! ajgaqov" ajgaqhv ajgaqovn
;;!-'(,0! G!10)+#$(-#2$0,@!34"4C! eujdaivmwn eujdaivmon!!
XHy!A0-'Z! G!10)+#$(-#2$0,@!";5:4! ajlhqhv" ajlhqev"!!
;;;!-'(,0! H!10)+#$(-#2$0,! mevla" mevlaina mevlan!!
XBy!F!Hy!A0-'Z! pa'" pa'sa pa'n!!
poluv" pollhv poluv
,
,

!
!
!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

!
!
!51$!+#$&(:%,"!%#$
!
60,7&U,! A0'! &,2! A0! &$! 7)#+0)! ,#,10+(! A0! $21(-#D$! ''(+(A2! 4<bL8c3;<LY! 0$! 0'! i&0! ,0! &,(R($!
('%&$(,!'01)(,!+(Fl,-&'(,!7()(!0_7)0,()!-($1#A(A0,!XP !MY!D! !B?ZY!A0,A0!0'!,.!;JY!7(,D!(!&,(),0!
'(!$21(-#D$!4C84ja`;<4!A0!'2,!$l+0)2,.!
<(A(!-#/)(!A0'!B!('!B?!,0!)07)0,0$1(R(!-2$!&$(!'01)(!,0%&#A(!A0!&$!(-0$12!(%&A2m!'(,!A0-0$(,!&,(R($!
'(!%)(/\(!(A[&A#-(A(!('!B?!,0%&#A(!A0!'(!-2))0,72$A#0$10!&$#A(A.!"0!+($1&E2!0'!&,2!A0!'01)(,!i&0!F(!
V(R\($!-(\A2!0$!A0,&,2Y!-2+2!'(!‚277(Y!'(!,1#%+(!2!'(!A#%(++(.!
!
! <;8b4"! <4b6;34C="! Lb6;34C="!
1 a v ei\", miva, e{n prw'to", h, on
2 b v duvo deuvtero", a, on
3 g v trei'" , triva trivto", h, on
4 d v tevttare"-tevssare" tevtarto", h, on
5 e v pevnte pevmpto" h on
6 st v "! v !" e{x e{kto" h on
7 z v eJptav e{bdomo" h on
8 h v ojktwv o[gdoo" h on
9 q v ejnneva e[nato" h on
10 i v devka devkato" h on
11 ia v e{ndeka eJndevkato" h on
12 ib v dwvdeka dwdevkato" h on
13 ig v trei'" kai; devka triskaidevkato" h on
14 id v tevttare" kai; devka tettarakaidevkato" h on
15 ie v pentekaivdeka pentekaidevkato" h on
16 i!" v ejkkaivdeka ejkkaidevkato" h on
17 iz v eJptakaivdeka eJptakaidevkato" h on
18 ih v ojktwkaivdeka ojktwkaidevkato" h on
19 iq v ejnneakaivdeka ejnneakaidevkato" h on
20 k v ei[kosi eijkostov" h on
30 l v triavkonta triakostov" h on
40 m v tettaravkonta tettarakostov" h on
50 n v penthvkonta penthkostov" h on
60 x v eJxhvkonta eJxhkostov" h on
70 o v eJbdomhvkonta eJbdomhhostov" h on
80 p v ojgdohvkonta ojgdohkostov" h on
90 # 82v ejnenhvkonta ejnenhkostov" h on
100 r v eJkatovn eJkatostov" h on
200 s v diakovsioi ai a diakostov" h on
300 t v triakovsioi ai a triakosiostov" h on
400 u v tettrakovsioi ai a tetrakosiostov" h on

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!"! !_1,1!$7!i!($!.(1?1!71!4-;1221!'!71!(&-;21!<#'%!;,1G+1!!"!!'!#'%!71!1;,.*1#-:%!(-;21S&1.>!
82, ,I$&,1!T'**1!#$!

!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

!
!
500 f v pentakovsioi ai a pentakosiov" h on
600 c v eJxakovsioi ai a eJxakosiostov" h on
700 y v eJptakovsioi ai a eJptakosiostov" h on
800 w v ojktakovsioi ai a ojktakosiostov" h on
900 $ v 83 ejnakovsioi ai a ejnakosiostov" h on
1.000 ,a civlioi ai a ciliostov" h on
2.000 ,b discivlioi ai a disciliostov" h on
10.000 ,i muvrioi ai a muriostov" h on
20.000 ,k dismuvrioi ai a dismuriostov" h on
100.000 ,r dekakismuvrioi ai a dekakismuriostov" h on.
,
,
C2,!$l+0)2,!-2+7&0,12,!,0!7&0A0$!0_7)0,()!(,\@!
BM@ pevnte kai; devka - devka kai; pevnte , devka pente.
=,!A#,1#$12!!muvrioi !@"/F&8"1Y!F!!!!murivoi!"3>"3"5).!
C2,! -&(1)2! 7)#+0)2,! -()A#$('0,Y! '2,! -()A#$('0,! A0,A0! G??! ! F! 12A2,! '2,! 2)A#$('0,! ,2$!
A0-'#$(R'0,.!

*()(! 0_7)0,()! '(! #A0(! A0! A#,1)#R&-#D$! -&($A2! $2! 0,1^! -'()2! -2$! 0'! ,D'2! &,2! A0'! -()A#$('Y! ,0!
&1#'#K($!'(,!7)072,#-#2$0,!ajnav!F!katav!!,0%&#A(,!A0'!-()A#$('!-2))0,72$A#0$10@!
kaq v e{na!!@/&-3)&/3&-3).!
!
!
!
2)/3"$QE1$',"*+#$*%$#)'&)2)/"/)6&$*%!$"*D%0)9+$
!
!
0+'.Y`"0\0<-aYU'45'U["G\-Y\-Z0Z']'U["G\20<-aYU>',Y\`0U''U[,-_0Z0U'
!
4A0+^,! A0'! -2+7()(1#E2! -2+7&0,12! -2$! 0'! (AE0)R#2! ma'llon! F! '(! -2$[&$-#D$! ! h[! X'(1\$@!
+(%#,....i&(+ZY! 0$! %)#0%2! 0_#,10$! &$! ,&70)'(1#E2! 70)#/)^,1#-2! -2$! 0'! (AE0)R#2! mavlista! X0'! +^,....Z!
o h[kista! X0'! +0$2,...Z.! *0)2! 0_#,1\(! 1(+R#U$! '(! 72,#R#'#A(A! A0! 0_7)0,()! '2,! %)(A2,! A0'! (A[01#E2!
+0A#($10!,&/#[2,.!
!!
;&'',Y\`0U'\GQ[20\GU>'
(Z!(A[01#E2,!A0!7)#+0)(!-'(,0@!!!
f,&,1#1&F0$!!fo"!72)'-wvtero" &"-wvtato"Y!,#!'(!70$l'1#+(!,\'(R(!0,!R)0E0!,0%&#A(!A0!&$(!
,2'(!-2$,2$($10!
,,, , H5R$"!"POK5,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,0c$J!8"POK5,
sofov"Y!,9%2-7,,,,,,,,,,,!! sofwvtero",,.Z9,9%2-7,,!!! sofwvtato",,,.1B,9%2-7,
!
f,&,1#1&F0$!-o"!72)'-ovtero"!F'ovtato"Y!,#!'(!70$l'1#+(!,\'(R(!0,!'()%(!X2!,0(Y!,#!''0E(!&$(!
E2-('!R)0E0!,0%&#A(!A0!A2,!-2$,2$($10,Y!&$!A#712$%2!2!&$(!E2-('!'()%(Z!
!
, , ,H5R$"!"POK5,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,0c$J!8"POK5,
! divkaio",,,319'7,,,,,!!!!!!! !dikaiovtero",,.Z9,319'7,!!!!!!!!!dikaiovtato",,.1B,319'7(,
!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
83) )I$&,1!(12*-!%!

!
!! ! !
!!!! ! ! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

!
!
RZ!(A[01#E2,!A0!,0%&$A(!-'(,0@!
f'2,!10+(,!0$!$(,('!&,($!'2,!,&/#[2,!Conevstero"!F'Conevstato" @!
, , ,H5R$"!"POK5,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,0c$J!8"POK5,
! eujdaivmwn#! +*:-`, !!!!!!eujdaimonevstero",! .Z9,+*:-`, !!!!!!!!!!eujdaimonevstato",,.1B,
+*:-`(,,
,
f'2,!10+(,!0$!,#%+(!&,($!'2,!,&/#[2,!!Cevstero"!F!Cevstato" @!
, , ,H5R$"!"POK5,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,0c$J!8"POK5,
! ajlhqhv",, 6*&4%4*&7, , ! ajlhqevstero"Y! .Z9, 6*&4%4*&7, ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! " ajlhqevstato",! .1B,
6*&4%4*&7,
!
-Z!(A[01#E2,!A0!10)-0)(!-'(,0!
f'2,! (A[01#E2,! A0! 10+(! 0$! $(,('! ! 2! E2-('! (r(A0$! '2,! ,&/#[2,! ftevro"! F! Ctavto"! ('!
10+(@!
, , H5R$"!"POK5,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,0c$J!8"POK5,
! mevla",!!;*<&7,,,,,,,,,,,,!mevlantero",,.Z9,;*<&7,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,!melavntato"!Y!.1B,;*<&7,
""
glukuv", !41:=*,,,,,,,,,,,glukuvtero",!.Z9,41:=*,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,! glukuvtato", .1B,41:=*%!
!
)&',Y\`0U'-\\GQ[20\GU'
"0!/2)+($!(!7()1#)!A0!,&/#[2,!()-(#-2,.!4'%&$2,!$2!,2$!7)27#(+0$10!#))0%&'()0,Y!,#$2!!i&0Y!('!&$#),0!(!
'(!)(\K!0,2,!+2)/0+(,Y!7)2A&-\($!-(+R#2,!0$!U,1(!i&0!$2!70)+#1\($!)0-2$2-0)'(.!
!
! ";35>C4b! *C>b4C!
! :(,-.!F!80+! 30&1)2! :(,-.!80+! 30&1)2!
32+! hJ d iv w n h{ d ion hJ d iv o u"- hJ d iv o ne" hJ d iv w - hJdivona
J2-.! h{dion h{dion hJdivou" -hJdivone" hJdivw - hJdivona
4-&,.! hJdivw / hJdivona h{dion hJdivou" -hJdivona" hJdivw - hJdivona
50$.! hJdivono" hJdiovnwn
6(1.! hJdivoni hJdivosi
C(! A0-'#$(-#D$! A0! 0,12,! -2+7()(1#E2,! ,#%&0! 0'! 1#72! eujdaivmwnY! -2$! '(! A#/0)0$-#(! A0! i&0! 0'! (-.! ,%.!
-ona 0,!%0$0)('+0$10!,&,1#1&\A2!72)!fw m!F!0'!$2+.!F!(-.!7'.!-one", -ona"Y!72)!-ou".
!
! <L:*4b4`;JL"! ">*=bC4`;JL"!
!
ajgaqov" beltivwn beltivsto"
ajmeivnwn a[risto"
kreivttwn kravtisto"

aijscrov" aijscivwn ai[scisto"

ejcqrov" ejcqivwn e[cqisto"

hJduv" hJdivwn hJvdisto"

kakov" kakivwn kavkisto"


ceivrwn ceivristo"

kalov" kallivwn kavllisto"

mevga" meivzwn mevgisto"

!
!! ! !
!!!! ! ! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

!
!
poluv" pleivwn plei'sto"

rJa/vdio" rJav/wn rJa'/sto"

!!
E&'UGQ[WZY'<c\`-WY&'
!
(Z!6=C!<L:*4b4`;JL!6=!">*=b;Lb;646@!
!
<&($A2! $2! E(! #$1)2A&-#A2! 72)! '(! -2$[&$-#D$! h[! ,0! 7&0A0! 72$0)! 0$! -(,2! %0$#1#E2! X%0$#1#E2!
-2+7()(1#E2Z@!
dunatwvtero" tw'n qew'n! !dunatwvtero" h[ oiJ qeoiv
n8:%&#)@/*)%)&4-/&1)%&@")%/%n!
!
RZ!6=C!">*=bC4`;JL@!
>$!,&70)'(1#E2!0,!!(R,2'&12!-&($A2!$2!''0E(!,0%&$A2!1U)+#$2Y!F!!1)(A&-0@!n8-(====<X&
sofwvtato"@!n8-(&1"%5)<&!2!n1"%5?%"8)<=&
!
>$!,&70)'(1#E2!0,!95#$%6A:'-&($A2!''0E(!,0%&$A2!1U)+#$2Y!i&0!,0!72$0!0$!-(,2!%0$#1#E2!2!-2$!72)!'(!
7)072,#-#D$!parav!k!6(1#E2@!
sofwvtato" tw'n ajndrw'n! !sofwvtato" para; toi'" ajndravsi.
</1&8:%&1"%5)&@/&1)%&B)8.*/%n.!

!
!! ! !
!!!! ! ! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

!
!

$+"#
ta; mevgista tw'n ajgaqw'n hJmi'n givgnetai dia; maniva".
A$:(,P)4.'S,kpp,%C,
#$%&'(')*+$,!-!,.&/(0')*+$,!
!
B." Tivna" me;n ma'llon oiJ poli'tai timw'sin h[ tou;" ajpoqnh/vskonta" ejn th/' mavch/ uJpe;r th'"
te patrivdo" kai; th'" ejleuqeriva"m tivna" de; tw'n zwvntwn ma'llon crh; tima'n h[ tou;" touvtwn
patevra"m!ejkei'noi ga;r a[ndre" th;n douleivan feuvgonte" kai; uJpe;r th'" dhmokrativa"
macovmenoi bouvlontai84 qavnaton met j ejleuqeriva" ma'llon h[ bivon meta; douleiva". Tiv" ga;r h[
lovgo" h[ a[nqrwpo" h[ crovno" duvnatai levgein th;n tw'n ajndrw'n touvtwn ajreth;n m!

G. JO Swkravth" ouj th;n dovxan ajlla; th;n ajlhvqeian tima/'. tw/' ga;r Swkravtei timiwtevra hJ
ajlhvqeia th'" dovxh"85.
H. oJ Mevnandro" levgei:
-Bevltiovn ejsti sw'ma h[ yuch;n nosei'n.
-Oujk ejvsti luvph" cei'ron ajnqrwvpoi" kakovn.
-Oujk ejvstin oujde;n kth'ma kavllion fivlou.
-Oujk ejvsti sofiva" kth'ma timiwvteron.
- jIscurovteron de; g j oujdevn ejsti tou' lovgou.
!
I." ='! )0F! A0! =%#712! 4+(,#,! X,.;J! (.<.Z! 2)%($#KD! &$! A\(! &$! -2$-&),2! A0! ,(R#A&)\(.! o0! (i&\!
('%&$(,!-&0,1#2$0,!i&0!7'($10D!('!)0F!A0!=1#27\(!X*'&1()-2Y!01&2$34-/5/&@/&1)%&I"/5/&I$.")%Z!
jEkevleue aujto;n levgein to; presbuvtaton86 kai; to; kavlliston kai; to; mevgiston kai; to; sofwvtat
on kai; to; koinovtaton, kai, nai; ma; Diva87, pro;" touvtoi" to; wjfelimwvtaton kai; blaberwvtato
kai; to; ijscurovtaton kai; to; rJa/'ston levgein.!
,
=,12!)0,72$A#D!0'!)0F!A0!=1#27\(@!
Tiv presbuvtatonm -crovno". Tiv mevgistonm -kovsmo". Tiv sofwvtatonm ajlhvqeia. Tiv kavllistonm
- fw'". Tiv koinovtatonm -qavnato". Tiv wjfelimwvtatonm - qeov". Tiv blaberwvtatonm -daivmwn.
Tiv rJa/'ston88 m -hJduv.

*0)2!0'!+(10+^1#-2!`('0,!7)27&,2!21)(,!)0,7&0,1(,@!
Tiv presbuvtatonm - Qeov", e[fh Qalh'". ajgennhton ga;r ejsti.
Tiv koinovtaton89m - ejlpiv". kai; ga;r oi|" ajvllo mhdevn (ejstin), au{th pavrestin90.

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
84! !!E7!J$,?'!bouvlomai #'%!$7!14J$,?-' ma'llon!*.$4$!&,14.#-,($!*',!('%@%'+'/!
85! !E7! ;$%-&-J'! @.$! $=*,$(1! ($;.%4'! &j,2-%'! 4$! .%1! #'2*1,1#-:%! <th'" dovxh">! $(! &12?-j%! 771214'!
/-.1:1D3&93>5*4*:1D36!*$,'!$(&1!4$%'2-%1#-:%!($!1*7-#1!&12?-j%!1!7'(!;$%-&-J'(!,$;-4'(!*',!J$,?'(!#.)'!
J17',!($23%&-#'!-2*7-#1!,$71#-:%!#'2*1,1&-J1M!diafevrw, uJperevcw 2$;'%(626'D!perieimiv6!2&(%'6',,,)
86, ,E7! 14A$&-J'! prevsbu"! $(! (.(&1%&-J14'! *1,1! 4$(-;%1,! 1! /$2) 6"=+6"$2! )6! 4$! 1C+6! /$2) A%@%2/! E%! ;,14'!
#'2*1,1&-J'6!oiJ presbuvteroi!($!.&-7-B1!*'(&$,-',2$%&$!*1,1!4$(-;%1,!1!/$2)\"=+6"$2)#%/)(&%;/$!$%&,$!7'(!
A.4+'(6!$(!4$#-,6!1!7'(!*,-2$,'(!#,-(&-1%'(s!4$!$(&$!(-;%-G-#14'!$J'7.#-'%1!*'(&$,-',2$%&$!C1#-1!26=%'#$8%/!
87! !Nai; ma; Diva!$(!71!$=*,$(-:%!4$!.%!A.,12$%&'M!2CD)($')]%&2/!!
88! !"4A$&-J'(!#'2'!rJav/dio"!*.$4$%!77$J1,!#'2'!#'2*7$2$%&'!.%!-%G-%-&-J'!771214'!,1>1:*:1D3!*',@.$!
7-2-&1!71!$(G$,1!4$!1##-:%/!F'%!14A$&-J'(!@.$!(-;%-G-#1%!6(8$D)6('$(+6#$D)=6(6<,///!

!
!! ! !
!!!! ! ! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

!
!
,
G_G\.-.-YU'
'
B.!82)+(!0'!-2+7()(1#E2!F!0'!,&70)'(1#E2!A0!
plouvsio"
calepov"
mevga"
ajgaqov"

G.!60-'#$(!0$!,#$%&'()!F!7'&)('@!
!
! ";35>C4b! *C>b4C!
32+.! mhdeiv" daivmwn !
4-&,.! ! !
50$.! ! !
6(1.! ! !

! ";35>C4b!
32+.! oJ Sofoklh'" meivzwn
4-&,.! !
50$.! !
6(1.! !
,
H.!4$('#K(!+2)/2'D%#-(+0$10@!
poli'tai
timw'sin
ejkevleue.
,
I.!<2+7'01(!0,12,!E0)R2,!-2$!(-&,(1#E2,!#$10)$2,!A0! -2$10$#A2!X72$!0'!,&,1($1#E2!(-2+7(r(A2!A0!
('%l$!(A[01#E2Z@!
a[rcei".......... gamei'.............
ejrgavzomen........... levgete............
mavcontai......... paideuvw.......
poiei'te............... pravttomen.......
teleutw'............

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
89! !n31.M!$(!$7!%'2?,$!@.$!,$#-?$!71!7$%;.1!;,-$;1!4$!?1($!$($%#-172$%&$!3&-#1!@.$!1#1?:!-2*'%-j%4'($!
#'2'!7$%;.1!'G-#-17!$%!$7!-2*$,-'!4$!"7$A1%4,'!)!@.$!($!.(:!#'2'!7$%;.1!4$!#.7&.,1!$%!$7!-2*$,-'!,'21%'!
$6! -%#7.('6! $%! $7! -2*$,-'! ?-B1%&-%'! <(/R! 17! _E! 4/Q/>/! D'! C1)! @.$! #'%G.%4-,! $(&1! 4$%'2-%1#-:%! #'%! 71! 4$!
/41-/3&93>X.e!!
! @.$!17.4$!1!.%1!*,-2-&-J1!7$%;.1!H%-#1!4$!71!@.$!($!C1?,+1%!($*1,14'!&'4'(!7'(!4-17$#&'(!;,-$;'(/!E(6!
*.$(6! .%1! 7$%;.1! 4$! 71?',1&',-'! &1%! 1,&-G-#-17! #'2'! $7! -%4'$.,'*$'/! \,-$;'! #'2H%! ($,+1! $7! #'%A.%&'! 4$!
,1(;'(!#'2.%$(!4$!7'(!4-17$#&'(!1&$(&-;.14'(!
90! !,F'%!G,$#.$%&$(!7'(!#'2*.$(&'(!4$!eijmiv!#'%!*,$*'(-#-:%/!

!
!! ! !
!!!! ! ! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

!
!
!

$,"#
PERI PLOUTOU
1. OiJ me;n plei'stoi tw'n ajnqrwvpwn polla; poiou'si kai; polla; pratou'si dia; to; plou'ton,
tw'n de; filosovfwn oiJ plei'stoiv fasi aujto;n oujde;n m;en parevcein toi'" ajnqrwvpoi", lupw'n
de; pleivstwn ajvtion ei\nai touvtoi".
2. OiJ ga;r kunikoiv91 fasi tou;" ajnqrwvpou" aujtw/' diafqeivresqai.
3. Kai; Bivwn oJ filovsofo" peri; plousivou tino;" ajndro;" levgei tavde: Oujk ejkei'no" to;n plou'ton
ejvcei, ajll j oJ plou'to" ejkei'non.
4. OiJ de; peripathtikoiv fasin ajgaqovn ti ei\nai plou'ton kai; ouj proshvkein aujtou' ajmelei'n.
5. Qaumavzousin ouj'n oiJ a[nqrwpoi tou;" plou'ton e[conta" kai; aujtoi'" bouvlontai fivlou"
givgnesqai, oijovmenoi aujtou;" movnou" ei\nai eujdaivmona" kai; par j aujtoi'" hJdu;n ei\nai to;n bivon.
6. Kai toi'" mh; plou'ton e[cousin oujk e[xestin oijkiva" kala;" e[cein ou[te kalou;" iJvppou"
7. jEn de tai'" pleivstai" tw'n cwrw'n, oiJ plouvsioi a[rcousi tw'n a[llwn.
8. Para; de; toi'" jAqhnaivoi" oiJ me;n plouvsioi parevcousin kalh;n paideivan toi'" paisi;n para;
toi'" sofistai'" kai; toi'" filosovfoi". jAlla; toi'" de; mh; plousivoi" ou\sin, oujk e[xestin.

ZG.2-W0'GW'U-WQ[20\']'"2[\02>'
!
! ";35>C4b! *C>b4C!
32+.! plou'to" tacuv"
oJ !
4-&,.! ! !
50$.! Tou' plouvtou tacou'" e-o"€! !
6(1.! ! !

! ";35>C4b! *C>b4C!
32+.! to; mevga e[to" !
4-&,.! ! !
50$.! Tou' megavlou e[tou" !
6(1.! ! !

! ";35>C4b! *C>b4C!
32+.! hJ povli" glukei'a !
4-&,.! ! !
50$.! Th'" povlew" glukei'a" !
6(1.! ! !

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
91! !kunikov" hv ovn! (-;%-G-#1!(%''&"$D!*$,'! 1@.+!$(&3! .&-7-B14'! *1,1!,$G$,-,($!1! 71! $(#.$71! G-7'(:G-#1! 4$!7'(!
#+%-#'(6!4$(1,,'77141!4.,1%&$!71!j*'#1!C$7$%+(&-#16!)!,$*,$($%&141!*',!d-:%!4$!d',+(&$%$(!$%!$7!(/999!4/Q/!
,

!
!! ! !
!!!! ! ! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

!
!
2)/3"$QG1$!"#$-,%-+#)/)+&%#1$
!
I1(! *,$*'(-#-'%$(! C1%! (-4'! ',-;-%1,-12$%&$! 14J$,?-'(! '! *1,&+#.71(!-%4$*$%4-$%&$(! #'%! ($%&-4'! 7'#17/! d1(&:!
#'%! @.$! $(&'(! 14J$,?-'(! $2*$B1,1%! 1! 14(#,-?-,($! $%! (.! .('! 1! 17;.%'(! #1('(! 4$! 71! 4$#7-%1#-:%! *1,1! @.$! ($!
J1#-1,1%!4$!(.!($%&-4'!*,'*-'!)!*1(1,1%!1!-%4-#1,!.%1!,$71#-:%!4$&$,2-%141!4$7!(.(&1%&-J'!17!@.$!1#'2*151%!
#'%!'&,1!*171?,1!4$!71!G,1($M!
`En mavch/ oiJ oJplivtai iJsta'si prov &!oiJ stratiwvtai e[fugon pro; fovbou.
!!!!! ! ! ! 6!!!!!!!!!1789! ! ! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!6!!!!!!!!()*(!
$%':&!;<=<;>7<%!!"#$%&"'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''()*"+,%'''''!"''''-."!,'
!!
E7! .('! *,';,$(-J'! 4$! 71(! *,$*'(-#-'%$(! G1J',$#-:! 71! (-2*7-G-#1#-:%! S$7! +1.94-:1+>3S! 4$! 7'(! #1('(!
-%4'$.,'*$'(/!!
!
F'%!&,$(!7'(!#1('(!;,-$;'(!@.$!142-&$%!71!*,$*'(-#-:%M!*9(e&/-.(&8&2*:/!I1!21)',+1!4$!$771(!4$(4'?71!(.!J17',!
G.%412$%&17!$%!&$2*',17!)!7'#176!)!14@.-$,$%!!($%&-4'(!G-;.,14'(/!
!
*(&SR7SCK"#"CZ7K&Y7&`Z&Kk)C&#%KC^&
1/[/!4$!;$%-&-J'M!
Sajntiv!%")/&16')#%D)%")@'%"8%)#%M! basileuvein ajnti; tou' ajdelfou'
-ajpov )#%D)#%2#%D)6)(6'8+')#%M! e[rcetai ajpo; Sardevwn!ajp v ejkeivnh" th'" hJmevra"
-ejk, ejx!#%D)#%2#%D)6)(6'8+')#%/! e[feugon ejk th'" povlew"
-prov!6"8%D)#%/6"8%)#%/! pro; tw'n quvrwn6!!pro; tou' qanei'n
1/Z/!4$!41&-J'M!
-ejn!%"D)%"8'%/! ejn jAqhnai'", ejn touvtw/
-suvn!=$"M! su;n toi'" summavcoi".
1/c/!4$!1#.(1&-J'M!
-eij"!6)36=+6/! e[rcomai eij" th;n povlin eij" eJspevran

{!\ED9b9RV! {!N"b9RV! {!"QPF"b9RV!


ajntiv
ajpov ejn eij"
ejk, ejx suvn
prov

!
=(&SR7SCK"#"CZ7K&Y7&YCK&#%KCK(&
Sajnav6!6''+;6,)
{41&-J'M!2$;'%D)%")
{1#.(1&-J'M!36=+6)6''+;6)#%D)#%)6;6A$)6)6''+;6,)#&'6"8%)
proevrcontai ajna; to;n potamovn
Sdiav6!6)8'6:92S)
{;$%-&-J'M)6)8'6:92)#%D)#&'6"8%,)
{1#.(1&-J'6!($'D)6)=6&26)#%/!
dia; tau'ta rjei' oJ potamov" dia; tou' pedivou.
-katav6!6;6A$)
{;$%-&-J'M!#%)6''+;6)6)6;6A$D)#%2#%)/$)6/8$)#%)
{1#.(1&-J'M!36=+6)6;6A$)
e[rcontai kata; tou' ghlovfou!<//,=$/+"6)6;6A$,,/>! !
S($%&-4'!G-;.,14'M!
{;$%-&-J'M!=$"8'6M!!!!!!!!levgein kata; Fivlippou
{1#.(1&-J'M!2%1^"M!!!!!!!kata; to;n novmon, kata; kravto", kata trei'"6///!
Smetav6!!%")5%#+$D)A&"865%"8%S)
{;$%-&-J'M!=$")
{1#.(1&-J'M!#%2(&92)#%))

!
!! ! !
!!!! ! ! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

!
!
meta; de; tau'ta oiJ ejcqroi; protiqeavsi meta; tw'n o{plwn
-uJpevr6!%"=+56)
{;$%-&-J'M!2$;'%D)%")#%@%"26)#%)))))oJ h{lio" uJpe;r hJmw'n poreuvetai
{1#.(1&-J'M!6#%5X2)#%D)=$"8'6,)
!
9(&SR7SCK"#"CZ7K&Y7&?R7K&#%KCK(&
SejpivM)%"=+56D)6#%5X2,)
{;$%-&-J'M!2$;'%D)%")8+%5($2)#%!!!<ejpi; Kroivsou a[rxonto">!6!($')=6&26)#%,,,,)
{1#.(1&-J'M!2$;'%D)6)36=+6[)=$"8'6,)
{41&-J'M!%"=+56)#%D)%"D))A&"8$)6S)ejpi; nauvsin
Sajmfiv!#%)/$2)#$2)/6#$2D)6/'%#%#$',)
{;$%-&-J'M!6/'%#%#$'D)#%)=%'=6)#%,)
{1#.(1&-J'M)6/'%#%#$')#%D)%")'%/6=+M")=$",)))
)oiJ ajmfi; Ku'ron eijsin ajmfiv tou;" discilivou".
{41&-J'M)A&"8$)6D)($')/$2)#$2)/6#$2,)
Sparav!M!6/)/6#$)#%S)
{!;$%-&-J'M!#%/)(6'8%)#%D)($')
{1#.(1&-J'M!36=+6)%/)/6#$)#%D)=%'=6)#%S)!par v o{lon to;n bivon.
{41&-J'M)%")%/)/6#$)#%D)A&"8$)6)
-perivM!%")#%''%#$'D)($')%"=+56)#%)8$#$)
{;$%-&-J'M!%")#%''%#$')#%)
{1#.(1&-J'M!%")/62)=%'=6"C62)#%D)=$"8'6D)=$")'%/6=+M")6)
{41&-J'M!%")#%''%#$')#%D)($'D)6=%'=6)#%,)
-pov":!6/)/6#$D)6#%5X2)
{;$%-&-J'M!#%/)/6#$)#%D)($')
{1#.(1&-J'16!36=+6D)=$"8'6D)%")=$5(6'6=+M")6)
{41&-J'M!A&"8$)6)
SuJpovM!#%;6A$)
{;$%-&-J'M!#%)#%;6A$)#%D)($'))<*/-.:-ooooooooPe)($')=6&26)#%/!
{1#.(1&-J'M!;6A$D)6/)(+%)#%D)#&'6"8%)
{41&-J'M!#%;6A$)#%D)6)=$"2%=&%"=+6)#%/!
!

!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!

!
!! ! !
!!!! ! ! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

!
!
2(&SR7SCK"#"CZ7K&"TSRCS"%K&
&
F$!.(1%!#'2'!*,$*'(-#-'%$(!*$,'!%'!#'2'!*,$J$,?-'(/!
1>!4$!;$%-&-J'M!
a[neu6!!!!!! (-%!!!!!!!! metaxuv !! $%&,$!!!!!!!!!! e[nto", ei[sw 4$%&,'!
a[cri, mevcri!! C1(&1!!!!!!! plhvn ! $=#$*&'!!!!!!! ejktov", e[xw!! G.$,1!
4$!
ejgguv"!!!! #$,#1!4$!!! ejnantivon ! $%G,$%&$!4$!
cwvri"!!! 1*1,&$!4$! e{neka|6!!cavrin|!!*',6!1!#1.(1!4$!
<|M!($!#'7'#1%!4$&,3(!4$!(.!,j;-2$%>!
?>!4$!41&-J'M!
a{ma!! 17!2-(2'!&-$2*'6!(-2.7&3%$12$%&$/!
#>!4$!1#.(1&-J'!
wJ"!! C1#-1/!
&
-(&)CK&&SR7b7RQ"CK&
&
P%! *,$J$,?-'! 2'4-G-#1! #'%! 21)',! '! 2$%',! -%&$%(-414! $7! ($%&-4'! 4$! .%! J$,?'! (-2*7$/! F'%! $%! ,$17-414!
14J$,?-'(!#'%!G.%#-:%!4$!*,$*'(-#-:%!@.$!($!1514$%!1!71!,1+B!4$7!J$,?'!)!#.)'!($%&-4'!$(!!G,$#.$%&$2$%&$!
($2$A1%&$!17!4$!71!*,$*'(-#-:%!#',,$(*'%4-$%&$/!!
SP%!54-D-4=13&-+&5,-.3!#.1%4'!1514$!!.%!#'%&$%-4'!#'%#,$&'!'!1?(&,1#&'!17!J$,?'M!

gravfw!$(#,-?-,M!!
ejg-gravfw!!! -%(#,-?-,!
sug-gravfw!! #'2*'%$,!
uJpo-gravfw!! (.(#,-?-,!
!
SP%!54-D-4=13&-+&D*913!#.1%4'!21&-B1!$7!2'4'!$%!@.$!($!4$(1,,'771!71!1##-:%M!
kaivwM!@.$21,!
kata-kaivw ! ,$4.#-,!1!#$%-B1(/!
F$!$2*7$1%!(-$2*,$!#'2'!J1#+'(!ajmfi- <17,$4$4',>6!ajnti- <G,$%&$!1>6!meta-!<#'2*15+1>6!uJpoS!<*',!4$?1A'>/!
!
E7!*,$J$,?-'!kata-!$=*,$(1!71!-4$1!4$!2'J-2-$%&'!4$!1,,-?1!C1#-1!1?1A'!<*7$%'>M!!
bavllw!&-,1,!!S!!kata-bavllwM!&-,1,!1?1A'6!!
'!!4$!.%1!1##-:%!C$#C1!#'%&,1!17;.-$%!'!4$!.%1!1##-:%!C$#C1!#'2*7$&12$%&$!<J1#+'>M!
gelavw!,$-,!!!S!!!kata-gelavw!?.,71,($!
levgw!!!4$#-,!!S!!kata-levgw!!$%.2$,1,/!

!
!

!
!! ! !
!!!! ! ! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

!
!

$)"!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !
JvOplon mevgiston toi'" ajnqrwvpoi" lovgo".
(Menavndro")

PERI TWN MELITTWN


1. jvEaro" h\n h[dh teleuthv kai; qe;rou" ajrchv, kai; bovmbo" h\n melittw'n. Pavsai ejvzwn ajmfi; th'"
hJgemovno". JH tw'n melittw'n hJgemwvn, ejn tw'/ smhvnei mevnousa, basileu;ei tw'n a[llwn kata; to;n
novmon.
2. Novmoi ga;r tinev" eijsi para; tai'" melivttai", wJ" kai; para; toi'" ajnqrwvpoi", kai; patriv" tiv"
ejstin aujtai'" to; smh'no".
3. Dia; panto;" tou' e[aro" aiJ me;littai e]rcontai ajpo; e{no" a[nqou" pro;" to; a[llo.
4. AiJ d v a[llai mevlittai ejrgavzontai th'" hJmevra" o{lh"92, kai; ejn e[ari kai; ejn qevrei, mevli
poiou'sai tw/' smhvnei: deinai; ga;r eijsin tauvthn th;n tevcnhn93.
5. Kai; oujc eJauth/' ejrgavzetai eJkavsth, ajll j eij" th;n koinh;n tou' smhvnou" trofhvn.
6. Fulavttousi de; tine" aujtw'n to; smh'no", kai; ti *oplon e[cousin, to; kevntron su;n *w/
diafqeivrousi tou;" boulomevnou" aJrpavzein to; mevli.
7.- Polla; pra;gmata parevcetai tai'" melivttai" uJpo; tw'n ajnqrwvpwn.
8.- To; ga;r mevli to; ejn toi'" smhvnesi bouvlontai aujtoi; aJrpavzein.

G_G\.-.-YU>'
B." 60-'#$(!0$!,#$%&'()!F!7'&)('@!!
! ! ! !
! F9D\PI"Y! _IPY"I!
D'2/! to; a[nqo" ajsqenev" !
"#.(/! ! !
\$%/! !
N1&/! ! !

! F9D\PI"Y! _IPY"I!
D'2/! oJ ajnhvr eujtuchv" !
"#.(/! ! !
\$%/! !
N1&/! ! !
!
G.!!<2'2-(!'(!7)072,#-#D$!-2))0-1(@!uJpov / parav / eij" / diav / ejk/ metav
-....... de; tau'ta ejpistolai; h[rconto ....... sou'.
-....... tiv ouj sw/vzw ejmauto;n kai; to;n uiJo;n ....... tw'n crew'n.!
-OiJ nevoi diagqeivrontai ...... tou' Swkravtou".
- JO gewrgo;" fevrei ....... th;n oijki;an tou;" karpouv".
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
92! ! I1! -U54-+1@.& 2-,& :1->53! *.$4$! ,$17-B1,($! 2$4-1%&$! $7! 1#.(1&-J'6! *$,'! &12?-j%! $7! ;$%-&-J'! 4$! &-$2*'!
*.$4$! $=*,$(1,! $(&1! ,$71#-:%! )1! ($1! #'%! *,$*'(-#-:%! M! dia; panto;" tou' e[aro"! <c>! '! (-%! $771M!
th'" hJmevra" o{lh"!<e>/!E7!1#.(1&-J'!$=*,$(1!71!4.,1#-:%!<v#.3%&'!&-$2*'x>!)!$7!;$%-&-J'!$7!&-$2*'!$%!$7!@.$!
'#.,,$!<v#.3%4'x>/!
93! !E7!*90+*:1D3&2-&4-,*91@.&1*',&1!.%1!*,$#-(-:%!('?,$!$7!*.%&'!4$!J-(&1!4$(4$!$7!#.17!.%1!1G-,21#-:%!$(!
#-$,&16!,$(*'%4-$%4'!1!71!*,$;.%&1!_%")=&6"8$)6)Q&9`)

!
!! ! !
!!!! ! ! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

!
!

H.!`)($,-)#R0!F!)0-2$2-0!'2,!0'0+0$12,!A0!0,12,!-2+7&0,12,@!
ajmfivbio",
ekgkevfalon,
ejpitavfio",
kaqevdra,
parabolhv,
perivmetro",
prolevgw,
profaivnw,
suvnoyi",
suvntaxi",
uJperbatov",
uJpovqesi".

I.!!4!7()1#)!A0'!,#%$#/#-(A2!A0'!E0)R2!,#+7'0!S-&^'!0,!0'!,#%$#/#-(A2!A0!'2,!E0)R2,!-2+7&0,12,W!!
!
!"#!$%&%'()!$% % %
baivnw '*%+!,-. e[rcomai .$% eijmiv ,'$&%',/!$%

ajmfi-bainw ajn-evrcomai ajp-eimi


ajpo-baivnw ajp-evrcomai ejx-esti
ejpi-baivnw di-evrcomai ejn-esti
kata-baivnw ejp-evrcomai par-eimi
pros-baivnw para-baivnw periv-eimi
uJper-baivnw par-evrcomai pros-eivmi
peri-baivnw pros-evrcomai sun-eivmi
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
2)/3"$4I1$!"$0%,/%,"$*%/!)&"/)6&$$)))$T$0%:"#$V;$A<X?Z$]$Y>^@<;_<1$
!
4Z!`=:4"!=3!JL<4C!
(.B.!10+(,!0$!f#!!@!,&,1.!+(,-.!F!/0+.!
(Z!,#$!('10)$($-#(!F!($#+(A2,!oi\", oijov"!X2E0[(Z.!
RZ!-2$!('10)$($-#(!A0!-($1#A(A!0!#$($#+(A2,@!povli", ew"!X-#&A(AY!=,1(A2Z.!
(.G!10+(,!0$!&@!,&,1!+(,-.!/.!F!$m!(A[.!+(,-.!F!$.!
(Z!,#$!('10)$($-#(!F!($#+(A2,@!ijcquv", -uvo"!X70KY!70,-(A2Z.!
RZ!-2$!('10)$($-#(!F!($#+(A2,@!pevleku", -ew"!XV(-V(Z.!
-Z!-2$!('10)$($-#(!F!$0&1)2,@!a[stu, -ew"!X-#&A(AZ.!
!
jZ!`=:4"!=3!6;*`L35L.!

!
!! ! !
!!!! ! ! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

!
!
R.B!10+(,!0$!feuY!fauY!fou.!,&,1.!+(,-&'#$2,!F!/0+0$#$2,.!
fuf!($10!'(!E2-('!A0,#$0$-#('!0i&#E('0!(!d(&!,2$($10!i&0Y!#$10)E2-^'#-(Y!-(0@!basilevu".
!
R.G!,&,1($1#E2,!0$!oi Xi&0!,D'2!0_#,10$!0$!,#$%&'()Z.!
!
!
!
! "#$%&'()! *'&)('! ! "#$%&'()! *'&)('!
32+! fuvsi" fuvsei" 32+! iJppeuv" iJppei'" (-h'")
J2-.! fuv s i fuv s ei" J2-.! iJ p peu' iJppei'" (-h'")
4-.! fuvsin fuvsei" 4-.! iJppeva iJppeva"
50$.! fuvsew" fuvsewn 50$.! iJppevw" iJppevwn
6(1.! fuvsei fuvsesi(n) 6(1.! iJppei' iJppeu'si(n)
!
!
!

!
!! ! !
!!!! ! ! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

!
!

$*"#
,

&1*(%.+0#.)*(&*"#%.$46"'&.*
A$:%'>;S,!-(Q%3E0)$)S,fqt,*/,ftg2C,

Dei' de; prw'ton uJma'" manq'avnein th;n ajnqrwpivnhn fuvsin. hJ ga;r pavlai hJmw'n fuvsi" oujc auJth;
h\n h{per nu'n, ajll v a[llh. prw'ton94 me;n ga;r triva h\n ta; gevnhta; tw'n ajnqrwvpwn, oujc wJ" nu'n
duvo, a[rren kai; qh'lu, ajlla; kai; trivton prosh'n, koino;n o[n ajmfotevrwn touvtwn: ajndrovgunon
ga;r e{ntovte me;n h\n kai; ei\do" kai; o[noma ejx ajmfotevrwn koino;n tou' te a[rreno" kai;
qhvleo", nu'n de; oujk e[stin.
e[peita o{lon h\n eJkavstou tou' ajnqrwvpou to; ei\do" kuklivo", cei'ra" de; tevttara" ei\ce, kai;
skevlh ta; i[sa tai'" cersivn, kai; provswpa duvo. kefalh;n de; mivan ejpiv toi'" ajmfotevroi"
proswvpoi", kai; w\ta tevttara, kai; ojfqalmou;" tevttara".
&Hn de; dia; tau'ta triva ta; gevnh, o{ti to me;n a[rren gevno" h\n ejn th/' ajrch/v tou' hJlivou to;
tevknon, to; de; qh'lu th'" gh'", to; de; ajmfotevrwn metevconth'" selhvnh", o{ti kai; hJ selhvnh ajmfo
tevrwn metevcei.
V117@99ddd.F2&1&R0.-2+9d(1-VWE VdƒO:3JM56?!
!
G_G\.-.-YU>'
!
B." !60-'#$(!'2,!$&+0)('0,!&$2Y!A2,Y!1)0,!F!-&(1)2.!
!
G." !4$('#K(!+2)/2'D%#-(+0$10@!
a[rren
gevnh
e{n
metevcon
prosh'n
skevlh
uJma'"

H." !b0-2$2-0!'2,!U1#+2,!%)#0%2,!A0!!7?71"7)9&5/1P*"7)9&)>5$18;1)C).!
!
I." 'G2'0.[U0<-aY'ZG'\G20.-eW.!`)(A&-0!'(,!,#%&#0$10,!2)(-#2$0,@!
,
1.- Aijscrov" eijmi to; sw'ma.
2.- JVOde oJ ajnh;r deinov" ejsti to; ei\do"
3.- Lamproiv eijsin oiJ jAqhnai'oi th;n tw'n lovgwn tevcnhn.
4.-To; me;n sw'ma aijscrov" hj'n oJ Swkravth", th;n de; yuch;n qaumastov".
5.-Oujdei;" ajvnqrwpov" ejsti ta; pavnta eujdaivmwn(,

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
94! !Sprw'ton!($!.&-7-B1!1@.+!#'2'!14J$,?-'/!01)!1#.(1&-J'(!<4$!VN6!4$!$=&$%(-:%6!4$!,$71#-:%///>!@.$!($!
C1%!G'(-7-B14'! $%! .('(! 14J$,?-17$(!<*90+*:1D3& *2D-4=1*,P/! E7! *,$G-A'!*,'&'S! $=*,$(1!71! -4$1! 4$! 1%&$,-',-414!
<*,'&'B''6!*,'&'&-*'///s!71(!*,'&$+%1(!('%!7'(!#'%(&-&.)$%&$(!*,-2$,'(!4$!71!21&$,-1!J-J1/>!
,

!
!! ! !
!!!! ! ! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

!
!

$%&!
Ti;" h\n oJ Swvkrath"#!
,
JO Swkravth" oJ Swfronivskou95 polla; kai; megavla ejdivdaske tou;" maqhtav", ajlla oiJ jAqhnai'oi
ejnovmizon aujto;n a[xion ei\nai qanavtou kai; elegon tavde:
jAdikei' Swkravth" ouj nomi;zwn qeou;" ouJv" hJ povli" nomivzei, e{tera de; daimovnia eijsfevrwn.
ajdikei' de; kai; tou;" nevou" diafqeivrwn.
jAlla; oJ Swkravth" ejdovkei toi'" maqhtai'" timh'" a[xio" ei\nai ma'llon h[ qanavtou: aujto;" ga;r
ajnti; me;n tou'96 mh; nomivzein qeouv", ejfaivneto timw'n tou;" qeouv". ajnti; de; tou' diafqeivrein
tou;" nevou", ejfaivneto didavskwn me;n aujtou;", a[gwn de; pro;" to; ejpiqumei'n th'" kallivsth"
ajreth'", *h/ povlei" te kai; oijkivai eu\ oijkou'sin.
JO Mevlhto" e[legen o{ti oJ Swkravth" tou;" nevou" dievfqeiren o{ti ou{toi ejpeivqonto ma'llon
aujtw/' h[ toi'" patravsin: ajpekrivneto de; oJ Swkravth" o{ti peri; uJgieiva" toi'" ijatroi'" ma'llon
h[ toi'" patravsi oiJ a[nqrwpoi ejpeivqonto.Kai; ejn tw/' polevmw/ oiJ stratiw'tai ejbouvlonto a[rcesqai
uJpo; tw'n strathgw'n, ou{" ejnovmizon peri; tw'n polemikw'n fronimwtavtou" ei\nai, ma'llon h[
uJpo; tw'n patevrwn.
Kai; oJ Swkravth" ejqauvmaze eij aujto;" tw/' Melhvtw/ qanavtou a[xio" h\n dia; tou'to, o{ti peri; tou'
megivstou ajgaqou', peri; paideiva", uJpo; tw'n ajnqrwpwvn a[risto" ejnomivzeto.

,
%D%,/)/)+#$
[/! F$5171!$7!J17',!(-%&3#&-#'!4$!7'(!*1,&-#-*-'(!4$7!&$=&'/!
a,! F-;%-G-#14'!)!#'2*'%$%&$(!;,-$;'(!4$M!#%=X/$1$D)#%=65%'M"D)%"%62C/6;$D)3%=68$5;%D)3%(8X5%8'$D)
5+'+61'65$D)$=8M($#$D)(%"8%=$2892,)
c/! F:#,1&$(!G.$!#'%4$%14'!1!2.$,&$!2$4-1%&$!71!-%;$(&-:%!4$!#-#.&1!$7!15'!cgg!1/$/!vQ.37$(!G.$,'%!71(!&,$(!
1#.(1#-'%$(!G',2.7141(!#'%&,1!F:#,1&$(!*',!(.(!1#.(14',$(x!
e/! N$#7-%1!$%!(-%;.71,!)!*7.,17M!
!
! F9D\PI"Y! _IPY"I!
D'2/! oJ basileuv" oJ diafqeivrwn
"#.(/! !
\$%/! tou' basilevw" tou' diafqeirovnto"
N1&/! !

! F9D\PI"Y! _IPY"I!
D'2/! hJ fuvsi" ajlhqhv" !
"#.(! ! !
\$%/! !
N1&/! ! !
!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
95! !F$! 77121! /-.1:1D3& 2-& 5*4-.:-+93! 1! .%1! G',21! 4$7! ;$%-&-J'! *,'*-'! @.$! $=*,$(1! 4-#C1! ,$71#-:%/! I'(!
#-.4141%'(!1&$%-$%($(!($!4$%'2-%1?1%!#'%!$7!%'2?,$!4$7!*14,$!$%!#1('!;$%-&-J'6!(-;%-G-#1%4'!LC-A'z!4$!71!
2-(21!G',21!@.$!71!&$,2-%1#-:%!S%<!4$!&1%&'(!1*$77-4'(!$(*15'7$(/!
96, ,,Y$#.$,41!@.$!$7!-%G-%-&-J'!*.$4$!-,!(.(&1%&-J14'!*',!$7!1,&+#.7'!tov , !)!@.$!j(&$!1*1,$#$!$%!$7!#1('!@.$!
$=-;$!71!(-%&1=-(: ajnti; tou' mh; nomivzein, pro;" to; ejpiqumei'n..

!
!! ! !
!!!! ! ! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

!
!
2)/3"$4H1$%Z$2(0(,+$M)OT$2(0(,+$#)':J0)/+1$
!
='!/&1&)2!(-1#E2!F!0'!+0A#2!,0!/2)+($!,2R)0!0'!10+(!A0!7)0,0$10Y!F!0'!7(,#E2Y!i&0!(A271(!&$!+2)/0+(!
7)27#2Y!,0!/2)+(!-2$!'(,!A0,#$0$-#(,!A0'!/&1&)2!+0A#2.!
='!/&1&)2!)0%&'()!,0!/2)+(!-2$!0'!+2)/0+(!sf,f!,0%&#A2!A0!'(!E2-('!10+^1#-(!092@!
!
8>`>bL!";5:~`;<L !10+(!E0)R('!k!!fs,!f092!k!A0,#$0$-#(,!7)#+()#(,.!
!
=$!'2,!E0)R2,!-2$1)(-12,!'(!,#%+(Y!i&0!-2+2!#$10)E2-^'#-(!A0R\(!-(0)Y!/&0!)0,1(R'0-#A(!72)!($('2%\(!
-2$!'2,!E0)R2,!0$!-2$,2$($10Y!F!('()%($!'(!E2-('!/#$('!A0'!)(A#-('.!='!('()%(+#0$12!A0!a!0,!h!@!!
! 8&1&)2!45'eijmiv''
-luvw luvsw !
-poievw poihvsw e[somai
-timavw timhvsw. e[sei
e[stai
! 9DN9Q"b9RV! FPda! V_b"b9RV! 9Dr9D9b9RV! _"Yb9Q9_9V! ejsovmeqa
! e[sesqe
8! -s-w -s-oi-mi -s-wn e[sontai
>! -s-ei-" -s-oi-" -s-o-nt-o"
`! -s-ei -s-oi -s-ei-n -s-ou-sa
>! -s-o-men -s-oi-men -s-ou-sh"
b! -s-e-te s-oi-te -s-o-n
L! -s-ou-si -s-oi-en -s-o-nt-o"
!
=$! '2,! 10+(,! E0)R('0,! i&0! 10)+#$($! 72)! -2$,2$($10Y! '(! -2+R#$(-#D$! A0! U,1(! -2$! '(! ,#%+(! A(Y!
$2)+('+0$10Y!0'!)0,&'1(A2!/2$U1#-2!0,70)(A2@!
fdiwvkw diwvk-sw!!!" diwvxw!!!!!!!!!!7('(1('0,Y!ftt!!k!s! !x
fpeivqw peivq-sw!!!{!peivsw !!!!!!!!A0$1('0,Y!fz!!k!s! !s
fblevpw blevp-sw!!{!blevyw!!!!!!!!!!!!!'(R#('0,Y!fpt!k!s! !y
!
C2,!E0)R2,!!i&0!(-(R($!0'!)(A#-('!0$!r, l , m ,n!!'2,!!0,1&A#()0+2,!+^,!(A0'($10!X,2$!-2$1)(-12,Z.!
!
!
=$!-&($12!(!,&!A$#:9(!0'!/&1&)2!0_7)0,(!&$(!(--#D$!72,10)#2)!(!'(!A0'!E0)R2!7)#$-#7('m!(,\!0'!7()1#-#7#2!
A0!/&1&)2!2!0'!#$/#$#1#E2!,0!,#1l(!V(R#1&('+0$10!0$!0'!/&1&)2!0$!)0'(-#D$!('!1#0+72!A0'!E0)R2!7)#$-#7('@!

Tiv poihvswn eij" ta;" Aqhvna" h[rcetom


M\)3&4-6&"35/37";3&G>-5-*$G&D/3?$&$&W5/3$%N&

Levgomen makro;n e[sesqai to;n povlemon.


H/7"8)%&4-/&1$&C-/**$&%/*:&1$*C$&

Elevgomen makro;n e[sesqai to;n povlemon.


H/7?$8)%&4-/&1$&C-/**$&%/*?$&1$*C$=&
&

!
!! ! !
!!!! ! ! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

!
!

%$"#
,

&1*60$0#)*
0&! PERI THS MACHS.

jEn th/' ejkklhsiva/ pavnte" oiJ poli;tai e[legon peri; tou' polevmou. Ti" ajnh;r e[lege tavde:
ajggevlou" hJmi'n oiJ suvmmacoi pevmyousin, oi{ bohvqeian hJma'" aijthvsontai. ajlla; crh; hJma'"
proevrcesqai. {Opla e[cousi kaka; oiJ hJmw'n stratiw'tai, kai; ouj nomivzw aujtou;" toiouvtoi"
o{ploi" nikhvsein. Tou;" summavcou" aijthvsomen o{pla oi|" h[dh crwvmenoi97 nikhvsomen tou;"
polemivou".
Tou;" barbavrou" ajnagkavsomen ta;" eJautw'n oijkiva" leivpein kai; ta; crhvmata aujtw'n aJrpasovmeqa.
jEn th/' mavch/ bohqhvsomen toi'" fivloi", o{ti aijscrovn ejsti crhvmata peri; pleivono" poiei'sqai98
h[ fivlou". Pavnta ta; uJpo; tw'n hJgemovnwn keleuovmena poihvsomen kai; oiJ barbavroi th'" JEllavdo
ou[pote a[rxousin.
!
d&'_[\0`GW<Y'ZG'2YU'Q\-GQYU'0W<GU'ZG'20'd0<0220'ZG'"20<G0&'!!
Ouj boulhvsomai ma'llon to; zh'n h[ th;n ejleuqerivan, oujde; leivyw tou;" hJgemovna" ou[te
zw'nta" ou[te ajpoqnh/skovnta", ajlla; pavnta" tou;" ejn th'/ mavch/ teleutwvnta" tw'n
summavcwn qavyw. kai; nikhvsa" tw/' polevmw/ tou;" barbavrou", ta;" me;n povlei" uJpe;r th'"
JEllavdo" machsamevna"99 poihvsw, tai'" de; meta; barbavrwn machsamevnai" aJpavsai"
prospolemhvsw.
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
97! !(,Cravomai,&-<*,4%'-67S,*).1#.*)(4)(,
98, ,(,,/,,Peri; pollou' poiei'sqai ti,,,,,:%,).(90,:'(,%*'(4)(%-/'(
, ,, Peri; pleivono" poiei'sqai ti,,:%,).(98*(,%*'(4)(%-/'(
Peri; pleivstou poiei'sqai ti,,:%,).(90,:+*#9'(,%*'(4)(%-/'(
, +&*;'*,%L,
Pa;r v ojlivgon poiei'sqai ti,,,,,3'(:%,).(3#(,%*'(4)(%-/'(,
, J;,*:,*3*.):7,4*:,'*N'7,'-*;*9,*:,9*<1;47,'M&.-;7,4*,:%,=7.)%&%=->;,-;'&741=-47,)7&,:%,=7;31;=->;,h[S,)*&7,
&*=1*&4%,b1*,'%.2-M;,)1*4*,%)%&*=*&,*;,<*;-'-67L,
Peri; pleivono" ejleuqerivan poiei'sqe plouvtou
( ?.)&).F#*(-%(-#5).$%4(%(-%(.#E0)G%(,
99! !
$"!POHO$O5,"5!O0P5L!]1$%&4-/&B$3&1-7B$@)^&

!
!! ! !
!!!! ! ! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

!
!
2)/3"$4Q1$%!$"+,)#0+$)T$"+,)#0+$#)':J0)/+1$
!
E7! ajoristov"! $@.-J17$! 17! -%4$G-%-4'! #1(&$771%'! <ejpaivdeusa! & %#&Q&9D) 3%) %#&=6#$>/! 9;.17! @.$! $%! 71&+%! $7!
$%.%#-14'! J$,?17!1*',&1!&,$(! &$21(! 4-(&-%&'(!4$! 7'(! @.$! 4$,-J1,!71(!G',21(! (-2*7$(6!$%! ;,-$;'! $(&1(! G',21(!
(-2*7$(!4$!&'4'(!7'(!&-$2*'(!4$!71!#'%A.;1#-:%!4$!.%!J$,?'!($!G',21%!('?,$!#.1&,'!&$21(!&$2*',17$(!@.$!
('%M!
S&$21!4$!*,$($%&$!
S&$21!4$!G.&.,'!
S&$21!4$!*$,G$#&'!
S&$21!4$!1',-(&'/!
!
N$7! :->*& 2-& *341+:3! ($! G',216! *.$(6! $7! 1',-(&'! $%! &'4'(! 7'(! 2'4'(! <9%4-#1&-J'6! F.?A.%&-J'6! V*&1&-J'6!
9%G-%-&-J'6!92*$,1&-J'!)!_1,&-#-*-'>/!t!'G,$#$!4-(&-%&'(!&-*'(!4$!G',21#-:%M!
!
!
!
!1>! bEOkb9QV€! $! {! &$21! $%! ;,14'! #$,'! {! J'#17! &$23&/! $l! '! {! 4$(/!
($#.%41,-1(/!
9/!Y"N9Q"IEF! ?>!"bEOkb9QV€!$!{!,14-#17!{!(.G-A'!{!4$(-%$%#-1(!($#.%41,-1(/!
p7,&*0>-.:3&+@,3&*5*4-9-&-.&".219*:1D3q&
! S4$!,14-#17!*.,'M!e[gnwn!<4$!gignwvskw>!
! S(.G-A'!Sw : eJavlwn
! S(.G-A'!Sh : e[carhn
!
!
1>! K"_Tj?"#CKM!S(.G-A'!-sa!!!!
SQ'%!(.G-A'!!e[lusa/!
99/!FPr9a"NVF! SQ'%!$J'7.#-:%!4$7!(.G-A'!<J$,?'(!$%!7+@.-41!)!%1(17>!
! ! ?>!!_"F9RVFM!S(.G-A' -qhM !e[luqhn
!
!
! ! ! 999/!ED!k
!
!
!
!
!
"+,)#0+$#)':J0)/+$
'
E%!;,-$;'!*,$($%&1!.%!(:7'!J'#17-(2'!$%!71!,1+B!-;.17!17!4$!*,$($%&$/!E%!',-;$%!$,1!1&$23&-#'!)!1514+1!71(!
4$(-%$%#-1(!($#.%41,-1(!17!(.G-A'!|S(S6!*,'4.#-j%4'($!7'(!#12?-'(!G'%j&-#'(!$(*$,14'(M!
[‚*/!(;/!|S(!!{!|2!!ƒ!!S(16!4'%4$!71!S1!($!#'%#-?$!#'2'!*$,&$%$#-$%&$!17!&$216!*$,'!$%!,$17-414!
*,'#$4$!4$!$(&1![‚!*/!
! Z…*/!(;/!|S(!{!|(!!!!!
! c‚*/!(;/!|S(!{!|&!
! c‚*/!*7/!!|S(!{!|%!!!!
!! ! !1514$!1!71!4$(-%$%#-1!.%1!%1(17!1%37';1!1!71!($#.%41,-1!-on!4$7!&-*'!&$23&-#'!e[lipon.!
!
4Lb;"`L!";5:~`;<L !X ej Z!k!)(A#-('!k!sa!k!A0,.!,0-&$A()#(,.!
!
!

!
!! ! !
!!!! ! ! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

!
!
!
0.<-a0'
!
! O?GOH"POK5, OR$, 0ciU, 5$P, O?I, $"!POH,
1! A-Ö-sa -s-w -sai-mi -sa"
0!!!! A-Ö-sa-" -s-o-n -s-h/-" -sei-a-" -sa-nt-o"
)! A-Ö-se -sa-tw -s-h/ -sei-e -sa-i -sa-sa
2! A-Ö-sa-men -s-w-men -sai-men -sa-sh"
+! A-Ö-sa-te -sa-te -s-h-te -sai-te -sa-n
- A-Ö-sa-n -sa-ntwn -s-w-si -sei-a-n -sa-nt-o"
0!
!
I'(! &$21(! J$,?17$(! @.$! 1#1?1%! $%! J'#17! 171,;1%! 71! J'#17! 4$7! *,'*-'! &$21! <luvw - e[lusa>! '! 7'! C1#$%! *',!
1%17';+1!(ejmhnivsa>/!E%!7'(!J$,?'(!93.:4*9:3+!$(!(-$2*,$!71,;1M!ejtivmhsa, ejpoivhsa, ejdhvlwsa...
!
I'(!&$21(!J$,?17$(!1#1?14'(!$%!93.+3.*.:-!(.G,$%!7'(!#12?-'(!G'%j&-#'(!$(*$,14'(M!
-deivknumi e[deixa................ejdivwxa < diwvkw
-trivbw > e[triya..............e[bleya < blevpw
-ejlpivzw > h[lpisa .............e[peisa < peivqw.
!
E%!7'(!J$,?'(!$%&,HN012*&8&.*+*,6!71!(-;21!%'!#1$!$%&,$!J'#17$(!*$,'!4$(1*1,$#$!1%&$!71!7+@.-41!'!%1(17M!!!!
!
teivnw!!!!!!!ƒ!!!e[-tein-a!!
nevmw !!!!],,,,e[neima
fqeivrw!!!!!ƒ!!!e[-fqeir-a///!!
!
)!1!J$#$(!#'%!171,;12-$%&'(!4$!J'#17M!stevllw!!ƒ!e{steila/!
!
ajggevllw 42)#,12!;$A#-! 42)#,12!;$A#-.!
4-1#E2! +0A#2!
h[ggeila hjggeilavmhn
h[ggeila-" hjggeivlw
h[ggeile hjggeivlato
h[ggeila-men hjggeilav-meqa
h[ggeila-te hjggeivla-sqe
h[ggeila-n hjggeivla-nto

!
!! ! !
!!!! ! ! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

!
!

%%"#
!
0&'G2',GU<iW''ZG'0\-U<YZG`Y'
'
- JO jAristovdhmo", e[n tini100 ajgw'ni nikhvsa", fivlou" pollou;" eij" eujwcivan ejkavlhsen.
-Trofh;n ou\n eij" tou'to ajrivsthn pareskeuavsanto aiJ ejn th/' oijkiva/ gunai'ke" meta; tw'n
parqevnwn kai; tw'n douvlwn.
- jHrgavsanto de; kai; oiJ pai'de" eij" th;n eujwcivan ejkeivnhn.101 th;n ga;r oijkivan ejkosmhvsanto k
ai;
stefavnou" ejpoihvsanto ajnqw'n.
- jArch'" ou[sh" th'" nukto;"102 o{t j ejsqivein kai; pivnein h[rxanto, tw/' fwti; ejcrhvsanto.
- [Epeita de; polu;n crovnon dih'gon ejsqivonte" kai; ijcqu'" megavlou" kai; o[rniqa" ajrivsta" kai;

mevli tou' JUmhttou'103.


- {Ote de; tou' sumposivou h[rxanto, to;n Nikovdhmon ejceirotovnhsan sumposivarcon.
- JO sumposivarco" aJpavntwn a[rcei tw'n met j aujtou' pinomevnwn kai; keleuvei a[llon a[lla 104
poih'sai .
- jEkevleusen ou\n oJ Nikovdhmo" to;n me;n oi\non polu;n pivnein, to;n de; gevloiovn ti levgein,
to;n de; zw/'ovn ti mimhvsasqai, kai; tou;" mh; kalw'" tou'to poihvsanta" ejzhmivwse. Kai;
tovte pavnte" ejgevlwn.
- {Ote de; teleuthv h\n th'" nuktov", tovt j ejpauvsanto pivnonte".
- Kai; cavrin dh; pavnte" ei\con kai; tw/' jAristodhvmw/, fivlw" aujtou;" kalehvsantiv te kai;
eij" th;n oijkivan dexamevnw/, kai; toi'" paisiv, th;n oijkivan kosmhvsasi, kai; tai'" gunaixiv,
th;n trofh;n paraskeuasavsai".

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
100! !!Y$#.$,41!@.$!71(!*171?,1(!$%#7+&-#1(6!#'2'!$7!-%4$G-%-4'6!1*')1%!(.!1#$%&'!$%!71!*171?,1!1%&$,-',/!
101! !!r+A1&$!$%!$7!J17',!G-;.,14'!4$!71!*,$*'(-#-:%!eij"!L(6'6L,)
102! !!_1,17$71(!1!71(!#'%(&,.##-'%$(!4$!1?71&-J'!1?('7.&'!$%!71&+%6!$%!;,-$;'!$=-(&$%!7'(!/-.1:1D3+&*=+3,0:3+/!
<QG/!r9Q0"!cW>/!
103! !!E7!2'%&$!0-2$&'6!$%!$7!k&-#16!$,1!G12'('!*',!(.!2-$7!)!(.!23,2'7!1B.714'/!
104! !!E7! -%4$G-%-4'! a[llo"! ! <$8'$D) #+@%'%"8%>! *,$($%&1! 4-(&-%&'(! .('(6! #'2'! 1@.+! @.$! 1*1,$#$! ,$*$&-4'! $%!
4-(&-%&'(!#1('(6!*',!&1%&'!$%!4-G$,$%&$(!G.%#-'%$(M!
-a[llo" a[llo levgei:!=6#6)=&6/)#+=%)&"6)=$26/!

!
!! ! !
!!!! ! ! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

!
!
d&! <GUGY'0d0WZYW0'0'0\-0ZW0'GW0`Y\0Z0'
'
tov de; li;non ejxavya" ejk th'" quvra", oJ Qhseu;" ejfelkovmeno" ei[shlqen. euJrw'n de; to;n
Minwvtauron ejn tw'/ laburivnqw/, paivwn pugmai'" ejfovneuse kai; ejfelkovmeno" pavlin to;
livnon ejxhvlqen. u{steron de;, kru;fa tou' Mivnwo", oJ Qhseu;" meta; th'" jAriavdnh" dia;
nukto;" ejk Krhvth" e[fugen. ajnapauomevnwn de; ejn Navxw/ aujtw'n, oJ Diovnuso" th;n gunaivka
h{rpase kai; ei'" Lh;mnon h[negken.
$
!"! #$%&'()*+,-'-(';C';K&'.$'/0/'1$"-
!"#!$%!&'()*'+,-.!/&*0$1!2'3,4+5)(.!)6!&7(8+!&95)+!:+;!)6!30:'6!4<5=>'(04*!&+'?!@+<)A5.!
B&CD!"#!3E$*;D!/F+GG*,7+0!"$!)(8D!&(7*3,(0D!)H!&7I>(D!)J5!5*J5.!/&*:='<FK!)*.!LD!"%!M5!
N7,4:E)+0!*OD!)H!&K'+5!"&!$0+&7KC5.!>95+)(5!)15!PE3,+5Q!!
$
%D%,/)/)+#$
B." !4$('#K(!+2)/2'D%#-(+0$10@!
! ! ! ! ">8;]L"!
;6=3`;8;<4<;c3! *b=8;]L"! b4e„! :2)/0+(! J2-.`0+! 60,#$0$-#(!
ejfovneuse do)(9<(, "7&(O;4, "='(, e L,%1.*;'7, -foneu-,4*, -s- A%7&C, e --
)&*9*;'*, 0*=1;4(,
e[xwmai

poiw'si

poihvswsi

didavskei -ei

ejdivdaxe e ---

lambavnomen o men

ejlambavnomen

ejlavbomen

lavbwmen

e[comai

didavxh/

e[xomai

ei[comhn

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!"#, ,,8%9,7&%=-7;*9,H5?0JHcPOK"0,4*,o[pw" ::*6%;,*:,6*&27,*;,-;+-;-'-67(,
!"$, ,,#$%&$&'&()!*+!,)-&.'),A:79,6*&279,*;,:@b1-4%,;7,.%;'-*;*;,:%,9-<.%C,
!"%, ,!*:%'-67,9-;,%;'*=*4*;'*(,
!"&, ,"46(,(@-('$.'(-%4'7(%(-%('$.%('.#--%;(

!
!! ! !
!!!! ! ! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

!
!

2)/3"$441$%!$"+,)#0+$))T$"+,)#0+$,"*)/"!$0%:J0)/+1$
!
!
='! (2)#,12! )(A#-('! 10+^1#-2! -()(-10)#K(! (! '2,! 7)0,0$10,! i&0! $2! 1#0$0$! )(\K! E2-^'#-(.! *()(! /2)+()! 0'!
4Lb;"`L!$2!&1#'#K(!&$!,&/#[2!X-2+2!V(-0!0'!,#%+^1#-2Z!,#$2!i&0!-(+R#(!0,(!)(\K!A0!7)0,0$10!72)!
21)(.!50$0)('+0$10Y!'(!272,#-#D$!0$1)0!'(!)(\K!2!%5?$'45'895357%5!F!0'!%5?$'45'$:963%:!-2$,#,10!0$!
'(!7)0,0$-#(Y!0$!!0'!7)#+0)2Y!A0!('%l$!7)0/#[2Y!#$/#[2!2!,&/#[2.!*2)!0[0+7'2!
!
aG\dY' <5?$'45'895357%5' <5?$'45'0:963%:'
lambavnw X-2%0)Z! lambavn- lab-
lanqavnw X7(,()!A0,(70)-#R#A2Z! lanqavn- laq-
manqavnw X(7)0$A0)Z! manqavn- maq-
punqavnw X,(R0)Z! punqavn- puq-
tugcavnw X('-($K()Z! tugcavn- tuc-
euJrivskw X0$-2$1)()Z! euJrivsk- eur-
!
!
C(!/D)+&'(!A0!0,12,!4Lb;"`L"!b46;<4C="!`=:~`;<L"CDA!0,!
!
4Lb;"`L!b46;<4C!`=:~`;<L! !X ej Z!k!10+(!A0!(2)#,12!k!e9o!k!A0,.!
,0-&$A()#(,.!
!
=$! )0('#A(AY! 0,1(! -2+72,#-#D$! 0,! '(! +#,+(! -2$,1)&--#D$! A0'! ;+70)/0-12! A0! ;$A#-(1#E2Y! 70)2!
,2R)0!21)2!10+(@!
aG\dY' -?859J5*%:'-74&' 0:963%:'-746*$%&'
euJrivskw X0$-2$1)()Z! huJrivsk- o-n hu{r-o-n
lambavnw X-2%0)Z! ej- lambavn- o-n ej- lab- o-n
lanqavnw X7(,()!A0,(70)-#R#A2Z! ej- lanqavn- o-n ej- laq- o-n
manqavnw X(7)0$A0)Z! ej- manqavn- o-n ej- maq- o-n
punqavnw X,(R0)Z! ej- punqavn- o-n ej- puq- o-n
tugcavnw X('-($K()Z! ej- tugcavn- o-n ej- tuc- o-n
!
!
`0+(!
! `0+(!
42)#,12!
! *)0,0$10!
!
!
!
!
C(!A#/0)0$-#(!0$1)0!(+R2,!1#0+72,!E0)R('0,!'(!(72)1(!0'!10+(.!
!
!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
CDA! !!b0-&0)A(@!4Lb;"`L!";5:~`;<L !X ejZ!k!10+(!A0!7)0,0$10!k!sa!k!A0,.!,0-&$A()#(,.!
!

!
!! ! !
!!!! ! ! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

!
!
!
!

$'&!!
()!*+,-./010!2(+0304!
!
j strolovgo" , ejxiw;n110 eJkavsth" eJspevra", e[qo" ei\ce tou' tou;" ajstevra" 111ejpiskophvsai. Kai; dhv
A
pote, periiw;n eij" to; proavsteion, kai; to;n nou'n o{lon e[cwn112 pro;" to;n oujranovn, e[laqe113
katapesw;n114 eij" frevar115. jOduromevnou de; aujtou' kai; bow'nto", pariwvn ti", wJ" h[kouse tw'n
stenagmw'n116, proselqw;n kai; maqw;n ta; sumbebhkovta117, e[fh pro;" aujtovn. !!
…! \W ou|to", su; ta; ejn oujranw/' blevpein peirwvmeno", ta; ejpi; gh'" oujc oJra/'" †.
!
.Y`"2G<0'
!
! *b="=3`=!;36.! ;:*=b8=<`L! 4Lb;"`L!;36;<.!
By!7.!,%.! aiJrevw = aiJrw' 01/C"*&
Hy!7.!,%.! H/7"*& ejlevge
Hy!7.!7'.! L1D"@$*& e[laqon
By7.!,%.! Y*& hjrcovmhn
Hy!7.!,%.! fevrei +1/D$*&
Hy7.!7'.! I$./*& e[puqon
Hy!7.!,%.! givgnetai +1/C$*&$&%/*&
By!7.!,%.! H/A$*& e[leipon
Hy!7.!,%.! \)C/*& e[labe
By!7.!,%.! oJravw = oJrw' _/*& ei\don
Hy7.!7'.! 2/./*& e[pinon
Hy!7.!,%.! pivptei \$/*&
Hy7.!7'.! \)**/*& e[trecon e[dramon
Hy!7.!,%.! 03C/3@*$*& e[tikte
By7.!,%.! e[cw O/3/*&
!
!
!
!
!
2)/3"$471$%!$"+,)#0+$)))T$$
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
110, ,I@3%'*, *;, :79, =7.)1*9'79, 4*, ei\miL, perievrcomaiL, ,#.,0-%.Y, parevrcomai, "%*%.( "'.( )-( -%4'( Y, prosevrcomaiL,
%,).,%.*),Yh,
111! !!oJ ajsthvr, -evro",L,%*$.'S,'-*;*,1;,4%'(,):(,ajstravsi.
112, ,,J:,)%&'-=-)-7,%)79-'-67,4*:,6. e[cw )1*4*,'&%41=-&9*,=7;,6%:7&,4*,-;9'&1.*;'7,a,'3a(,
113! ! Lanqavnw!,-;$!*1,&-#-*-'!*,$4-#1&-J'/!"@.+!$(&3!.(14'!#'%!$7!($%&-4'!4$!C1#$,!17;'!*',!4$(#.-4'/!
114, ,,529*&6%,*:,6%:7&,):*;7,4*:,)&*6*&2-7,*;,,kata-pivptwS,9*m%:%;47,:%,-4*%,4*,.76-.-*;'7,_%=-%,%2%37(,
115! !!to; frevar, -ato"L,"'G'7(,#*$).3%7(%-M#5)(,
116! !!!*=1*&4%,b1*,:79,6*&279,4*,)*&=*)=->;,=7.7,ajkouvw,&-<*;,<*;-'-67(,Astenagmov", -ou,L,<*.-47C,
117! !!$%&'-=-)-7,4*,)*&+*='7,*;,%=19%'-67,;*1'&7,):1&%:L,-'(*0,)4#4';(

!
!! ! !
!!!! ! ! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

!
!
"+,)#0+$,"*)/"!$"0%:J0)/+$.$"+,)#0+$%&$`"--"$
!
'
0&! 0Y\-U<Y'\0Z-.02'0<G`g<-.Y'
!
='!(2)#,12!7&0A0!,0)!,&/#[(A2!F!)(A#-('m!(,\Y!V0+2,!E#,12!0'!(2)#,12!,#%+^1#-2!F!0'!)(A#-('!10+^1#-2.!
*0)2!(A0+^,Y!21)2,!E0)R2,!/2)+($!&$'$:963%:'9$46*$#'$%5?S%6*:'i&0!,0!-()(-10)#K(!72)!&$(!JL<4C!
C4b54!;3J4b;4jC=!0$!'(!)(\KY!(!'(!i&0!,0!(r(A0$!'(,!A0,#$0$-#(,!,0-&$A()#(,!
!
! S4$!,14-#17!*.,'M!e[gnwn!<4$!gignwvskw>!
! S(.G-A'!Sw : eJavlwn
! S(.G-A'!Sh : e[carhn
!
!
baivnw *)0,0$10! ;+70)/0-12! 42)#,12!;$A#-! ;$/#$#1#E2!
;$A#-(1#E2! ;$A#-(1! 4-1#E2! 42)#,12!
baivn-w e[bain-on e[bh-n
baivn-ei" e[bain-e" e[bh-"
baivn-ei e[bain-e e[bh bh'nai
baivn-omen e[bain-omen e[bh-men
baivn-ete e[bain-ete e[bh-te
baivn-ousi e[bain-on e[bh-san
!
!
B.! 0Y\-U<Y'GW'K
!
='!(2)#,12!A0!'2,!A59F:3'57'vmi!-2$!)0A&7'#-(-#D$!1#0$0!&$!,&/#[2! kf!0$!'(!/'0_#D$!A0'!,#$%&'().!
Ja4"=!8;<o4!I?.!
!
!
! `*/%/35/& J-5-*)& 2/3(+1/- `/*>/75)&
tivqhmi tivqhmi qhvsw ejvqhka tevqhka
divdwmi divdwmi dwvsw e[dwka devdwka
i{sthmi i{sthmi sthvsw ejsthka e{sthka
i{hmi i{hmi h[sw h[ka ei\ka
!
!
! 2,?231-260! 24(*)1-260! +/@A/,-260! 0(-1-260! 2,.2,2-260! (1)-232(20!
!" ejvqhka qw' qeivhn qeiv"
#"""" ejvqhka" qev" qh'/" qeivh" qevnto"
$" ejvqhkeXnZ! qevtw qh'/ qeivh qei'nai qei'sa
%" ejvqemen qw'men qei'men qei'sh"
&" ejvqete qevte qh'te qei'te qevn
' e[qesan qevtwsan qw'si(n) qei'en qevnto"
#"

!
!! ! !
!!!! ! ! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

!
!

%'"##
"1$/+#0(:5,%#$*%$!+#$%#-",0)"0"#$
!
Lacedaimonivoi" tevcna" manqavnein a[lla" h[118 ta;" eij" povlemon eujqevtou" aijscrovn ejstin.
JEstiw'ntai de; pavnte" ejn koinw/'. Tou;" de; gevronta" aijscuvnontai oujde;n h|tton h[ patevra".
Gumnavsia d j w{sper ajndrw'n ejstin, ou{tw kai; parqevnwn119. Xevnoi" d jejmbiou'n120 oujk e[xestin
ejn Spavrth/, oujde; Spartiavtai" xeniteuvein. Tai'" de; eJautw'n gunaixi; parakeleuvontai ejk
tw'n eujeidestavtwn kuvesqai121 kai; ajstw'n kai; xevnwn. Crhmativzesqai d j aijscro;n Spartiavth/.
Nomivsmati de; crw'ntai skutivnw/122. jEa;n de; parav tini euJreqh/'123 cruso;" h[ a[rguro", qanavtw/
zhmiou'tai. Semnuvnontai de; pavnte" ejpi; tw/' tapeinou;" eJautou;" parevcein kai; kathkovou"
tai'" ajrcai'". Makarivzontai de; ma'llon par j aujtoi'" oiJ gennaivw" ajpoqnhv/skonte" h[
oiJ eujtucw'" zw'nte"...
!
51$(&$/+5",*%$%&$!"$5"0"!!"$
X4A(71(-#D$!A0!`02/)(,1)2!V0-V(!72)!].J.!J0)$V0,Z!
!
JO deilo;", ajkouvwn kraugh'" kai; oJrw'n pivptonta", eijpw;n pro;" tou;" paresthkovta" o{ti th;n
spavqhn labei'n uJpo;124 th'" spoudh'" ejpelavqeto, toiou'to" ti"125 oi|o"126 trevcein ejpi; th;n skhn
hvn,kai; -to;n pai'da127 ejkpevmya"128 kai; keleuvsa" proskopei'sqai pou' eijsin oiJ polevmioi-
ajpokruvptein aujth;n uJpo; to; proskefavlaion, ei\ta diatrivbein polu;n crovnon wJ"129 zhtw'n
ejn th'/ skhnh/':
kai; oJrw'n traumativan tina; tw'n fivlwn130 prosferovmenon131, prosdramw;n kai; qarrei'n
keleuvsa", uJpolabw;n132 fevrein kai; tou'ton qerapeuvein, kai; parakaqhvmeno" ajpo; tou' e{lkou"
ta;" muiva" sobei'n, kai; pa'n ma'llon h[ mavcesqai toi'" polemivoi", kai; ai{mato"
de; ajnavplew"133 ajpo; tou' ajllotrivou trauvmato" ejntugcavnein toi'" ejk th'" mavch" ejpaniou'si134,
kai; dihgei'sqai wJ" …!kinduneuvsa" e{na sevswka135 tw'n fivlwn †Y!kai; wJ" aujto;" aujto;n tai'"
eJautou' cersi;n ejpi; th;n skhnh;n ejkovmisen.

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
118! !!a[llo' h[ ////!$8'$)Q&%,)
119, ,V?($,J1!71!#'%(&,.##-:%!!w{sper...., ou{tw kai;...!F$!&,1&1!4$!;-2%1(-'(!,$($,J14'(!1!71(!#C-#1(6!G,$%&$!1!
7'(!;-2%1(-'(!2-=&'(!4$!a'%-1!
120! !ejn-biovw6!'%2+#+'/!!9%G-%-&-J'!#'%&,1#&'M ejmbiou'n. Xeniteuvw!'%2+#+')%")%/)%P8'6"A%'$/!
121! !!kuvomai e[k tivno"!#'%#$?-,!<.%!%-5'>!4$!17;.-$%/!
122! !!skuvtino"!!#%)=&%'$/!
123! !!euJreqh/!' $(!$7!"',-(&'!F.?A.%&-J'!_1(-J'!<#'%!(.G-A'!4$!*1(-J1>!4$!euJrivskw.
124, ,,uJpo; ;6A$)%/)%@%=8$)#%,)
125, ,,ti" &")8+($s!1&,-?.&'/!
126! !!toiou'to" ... oi|o" {!-%G-%-&-J'M!#',,$71#-:%!#'%($#.&-J1!=6(6<)#%J{!-%G-%-&-J'!<$%!%$;,-&1!$%!$7!&$=&'>/!
127) )Q'%!$7!(-;%-G-#14'!4$!2%':+#$'[!.%!('7414'!*'4+1!-,!1!71!;.$,,1!1#'2*1514'!4$!.%!#,-14'/!
128, ,E7!*,$J$,?-'!4$!!ejkpevmpw!!,$(17&1!71!-4$1!4$!(17-41/!
129, ,E$5$)
130, ,,tw'n fivlwn 6!$%!!$(&$!#'%&$=&'6!!($!'*'%$!1!!oiJ polevmioi6!)!%'!&-$%$!$7!J17',!4$!12-;'!#'%!
,$71#-:%!*$,('%17/!
131, ,_1,&-#-*-'!*,$4-#1&-J'/!
132, ,uJpolambavnwM!=$1%')($')#%;6A$D)//%:6')6)3$5;'$2,)
133! !ai{mato" de; ajnavplew"@!5)@)&11/3)&@/&%$3C*/.!
134! !toi'" ...!ejp-an-iou'si Q'2*.$(&'!4$!ejpavneimi6!2&;+'D):$/:%',)
135, ,sevswka6!3%)26/:6#$s![‚!*/!(;/!_$,G$#&'!4$!swv/zw.

!
!! ! !
!!!! ! ! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

!
!
.Y`"2G<0>'
& blevpw nomivzw qeavomai ajgnew a[gw
c‚*/!(;/!"VY9FbV! ! ! ! ! !
-%4-#1&-J'!
c‚*/!*7/!"VY9FbV!! ! ! ! ! !
F.?A.%&-J'!
9%G-%-&-J'!! ! ! ! ! !
"VY9FbV!
D'2-%1&-J'! ! ! ! ! !
_1,&-#-*-'!"VY9FbV!
!
\G.YWY.G'35Dw7'5#''5H5?8#:>'
!
ajphvggeile ajpaggevllw Hy!7.!,#$%&'()!42)#,12!#$A#-(1#E2!(-1#E2! 7)8-3"7;&
dihvrpasan ! ! &
sunevlexen ! ! &
ejpravxamen ! ! &
poihvsante" ! ! &
ejrwthvsa" ! ! &
h[rxanto ! ! &
wJrmivsato ! ! &
diallavxai ! ! &
ajphvgagen ! ! &
ejnevpese ! ! &
e[gnw ! ! &
ajpevdwke ! ! &
ajfh'ke ! ! &
dih'ke ! ! &
katevbhsan ! ! &
perievtucon ! ! &
proei'pen ! ! &
proseivlonto ! ! &
kateskeuavsato ! ! &
ejpelavbeto ! ! &
ejpuvqonto ! ! &
ejgevneto ! ! &
!
!
!
!
!
!
.Y`"2G<0'

!
!! ! !
!!!! ! ! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

!
!
!
! 2,?231-260! !
! "#$%$&'$! BC"$#D$;'<! +/@A/,-260! 2,.2,2-260! (1)-232(20!
*! By7!,%! keleuvw ! ! ! !
b! Hy7!,%! ! ! ! !
="! Hy7!7'! ! ! ! !
8! By7!,%! ! ! ! ! !
>! Hy7!,%! ! ! ! !
`! Hy7!7'! ! ! ! !
4! By7!,%! ! ! ! ! !
L!! Hy7!,%! ! ! ! !
b! Hy7!7'! ! ! ! !
!
.Y`"2G<0'
!
! 2,?231-260! !
! "#$%$&'$! BC"$#D$;'<! +/@A/,-260! 2,.2,2-260! (1)-232(20!
*! By7!,%! lambavnw ! ! ! !
b! Hy7!,%! ! ! ! !
="! Hy7!7'! ! ! ! !
8! By7!,%! ! ! ! ! !
>! Hy7!,%! ! ! ! !
`! Hy7!7'! ! ! ! !
4! By7!,%! ! e[labon ! ! !
L!! Hy7!,%! ! ! ! !
b! Hy7!7'! ! ! ! !
!
.Y`"2G<0'
!
! 2,?231-260! !
! "#$%$&'$! BC"$#D$;'<! +/@A/,-260! 2,.2,2-260! (1)-232(20!
*! By7!,%! givgnomai ! ! ! !
b! Hy7!,%! ! ! ! !
="! Hy7!7'! ! ! ! !
8! By7!,%! ! ! ! ! !
>! Hy7!,%! ! ! ! !
`! Hy7!7'! ! ! ! !
4! By7!,%! ! e[gnomhn ! ! !
L!! Hy7!,%! ! ! ! !
b! Hy7!7'! ! ! ! !
!
!
!
!
!
2)/3"$481$#)&0"U)#$*%$!+#$-",0)/)-)+#$

!
!! ! !
!!!! ! ! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

!
!
!
P%1! 4$! 71(! #1,1#&$,+(&-#1(! (-%&3#&-#1(! 4$! 71! 7$%;.1! ;,-$;1! $(! (.! *,'G.(-:%! 4$! *1,&-#-*-'(/! _,$($%&1%! 7'(!
(-;.-$%&$(!.('(M!
%C,! .('!%'2-%17!'!"bY9dPb9RV!
S#'2'! (.(&1%&-J'M! (.$7$! 77$J1,! 1,&+#.7'! )! *.$4$! &$%$,! J17',! ;$%$,17-B14',! '!
*1,&-#.71,-B14',/!
! S#'2'!14A$&-J'M!1&,-?.&'!'!*,$4-#14'/!
2C,! .('!J$,?17M!
! S#'%#$,&14'M!1##$(',-'!'!"_VF9b9RV!)!%$#$(1,-'!'!_YEN9Q"b9RV!
! S%'!#'%#$,&14'M!\ED9b9RV!"dFVIPbV/!
!
!
%C,! aIL&,L'Y,W+&)&`WTOY\Y`YL&WOTY2aOY_L=&
!
E7! *1,&-#-*-'! $(!71!G',21! 14A$&-J1! 4$7! J$,?'! )6! *',! &1%&'6!(.(#$*&-?7$!4$!(.(&1%&-J1,($/! I7$J16! *.$(6!1,&+#.7'!
-%2$4-1&12$%&$! 4$71%&$! )! ($! &,14.#$! *',! .%1! 34*91@.& 2-& 4-,*:1D3! @.$6! #'2'! &176! *.$4$! 77$J1,! (.(!
#'2*7$2$%&'(M!
_7/!\(/cZ[!tou" devka strathvgou" touv" oujk ajnelovmenou" tou" ejk th'" naumaciva"!!
! H/$2)#+%<)%28'68%162)Q&%)"$)'%=$1+%'$")6)/$2)#%)/6);686//6)"6:6/I)
! )
b12?-j%!*.$4$!&,14.#-,6!#.1%4'!%.$(&,1!7$%;.1!7'!142-&$6!*',!.%!(.(&1%&-J'M!
! b.#/!96![eZ!M ejn tw/' mh; meletwvnti!!H%")/6)#%2('%$=&(6=+M"ID)
! b.#/!996!i[M!tov lupou'nM!H/6)6@/+==+M"I)/!
!
Q'2'!14A$&-J'6!*.$4$!4$(-;%1,!71!#.17-414!#'2'!.%!1&,-?.&'M!
"6![qM qeoi doi'en jOluvmpia dwvmat j e[conte"!!
H.A6/X)/$2)#+$2%2)Q&%)($2%%")T)($2%%#$'%2)#%)5$'6#62)$/C5(+=62D)/$)=$"=%#6"I)
'!#'2'!.%!*,$4-#14'!M!
F'*C/!\+,![cZe!: drw'n gar h\n toiau'tav me/!
H)b&%2)%286;6)36=+9"#$5%)86/%2)=$262I)
!
?>!! aIL&_0T2W+X!!
F$!4-G$,$%#-1%!4'(!J17',$(M!1*'(-&-J'6!$%!$7!@.$!4$(&1#1!$7!#1('!4$7!*1,&-#-*-'!1?('7.&'6!)!*,$4-#1&-J'/!
)
;,Z-)b\cK!E!b!.)\b.d!K!e.,)
E=*,$(1!.%1!1##-:%6!$(&14'!'!*,'#$('!@.$!1#'2*151!17!J$,?'!,$;$%&$!)!#'%#.$,41!#'%!.%!$7$2$%&'!4$!
71! ',1#-:%/! _.$4$! 14@.-,-,! 21&-#$(! 4$! 2'4'6! &-$2*'6! #'%4-#-:%6! #1.(16! $&#/! )! $%! &17$(! #1('(! *.$4$%!
1*1,$#$,!.%1(!*1,&+#.71(!'!14J$,?-'(!@.$!4$G-%$%!$($!J17',M!
!
! SOVN"IM!8/Q),/!9996!Z!M!lh/zovmenoi zw'sin!M!H:+:%")#%)/6)(+'68%'C6z!
! !
! SbEO_VY"I!6!#'%!*1,&+#.71(!a{ma, metaxuv, eujquv"M!
!8/"%/9996!c6![XM!feuvgonte" a{ma ejtivtrwskon!M!H6/)5+25$)8+%5($)Q&%)3%'C6"D)3&C6"I)
)
! SQ"PF"I6!#'%!a{te,!oi|on, oi|a, !$=*,$(1!#1.(1!'?A$&-J1!*H($'Q&%I-D!)!#'%!wJ"!!23(!*1,&-#-*-'!
4$!G.&.,'!#1.(1!(.?A$&-J1!<H%")/6)+#%6)#%z>!
! Sa{te pai'" w[n!!H($'Q&%)%'6)"+Y$I)
-oi|on ajrguvrion pa;r j ejmou' lhvyesqai prosdokw'nI) b$'Q&%) ) (6'%=%) Q&%) '%=+;+'X) #+"%'$) #%)
5CI)
-blevpei hJma'" wJ" qaumastovn ti poihvsonta")H"$2)5+'6)%")/6)+#%6)#%)Q&%T($'Q&%)(+%"26)Q&%)
:65$2)6)36=%')6/1$)56'6:+//$2$I)
)
! SQVDN9Q9VD"I!M!

!
!! ! !
!!!! ! ! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

!
!
8/\"/R96!WS[qM oujk ejsti aujtoi'" mh; nikw'si swthrivaM!!
H"$)36BD)2+)"$):%"=%"D)26/:6=+M"I)
)
! Sr9D"I!6!#'%!J$,?'(!4$!!2'J-2-$%&'6!$7!*1,&-#-*-'!4$!G.&.,'!$=*,$(1!71!G-%17-414!M!
! h[lqomen ojyovmenoi to;n Parqenw'na
!H@&+5$2)(6'6):%')%/)b6'8%"M"I)
)
)
;,a-)b\cK!E!b!.)bc0f!E\K!e.)
)
_.$4$!,$G$,-,($!&1%&'!17!(.A$&'!#'2'!17!#'2*7$2$%&'!4$7!J$,?'/!
!
[R-<-4123&*,&+0]-:3^&
E%!$(*15'7!$@.-J17$!1!.%!-%G-%-&J'6!.%!14J$,?-'!'!.%1!',1#-:%!#-,#.%(&1%#-176!)!#'%(&,.)$!#'%M!
!
! [/! J$,?'(! @.$! -%4-#1%! .%! 2'4'! 4$! ($,! 4$7! (.A$&'M! $7! *1,&-#-*-'! &,14.#$! #'2'! G',21! J$,?17!
*$,('%17!)!$7!J$,?'!*-$,4$!(.!(-;%-G-#14'!*7$%'!)!($!&,14.#$!#'2'!14J$,?-'!<tugcavnw!y#1(.172$%&$z6!
lanqavnw y'#.7&12$%&$z6!y1!$(#'%4-41(zu>!!!!!!!!!!!
ShJ mavqhsi" oujk a[llo ti h[ ajnavmnhsi" tugcavnei ou[sa!!
H%/)6('%"#+<6A%)=62&6/5%"8%)"$)%2)$8'6)=$26)Q&%)'%=&%'#$I)
-lanqavnei se oJ ajnhr feuvgwn)[))
H_2%)8%)%2=6(6)%/)3$5;'%)6)%2=$"#+#62)`T_"$)8%)#62)=&%"86)#%)Q&%)%/)3$5;'%)2%)%2=6(6)`I)
)
! Z/!J$,?'(!@.$!(-;%-G-#1%!$2*$B1,6!#$(1,6!#'%&-%.1,u*.$4$!&,14.#-,!-%G-%-&-J'!$(*15'7!M!
_7/!dB5(/![qi?!: a[rxomai de ajpo th'" ijatrikh'" levgwn!M!!
H%5(%<6'9)6)36;/6')#%)/6)5%#+=+"6I)
)
c/!J$,?'(!@.$!(-;%-G-#1%!($%&-2-$%&'!'!1G$#&'M!
!!!! !F'*C/b3+/,qi!M!ajlgw` kluvwn!H2&@'$)#%)$C'/$z!
!
[R-<-4123&*,&3=]-:3M!#'%!
!
[/!J$,?'(!@.$!-%4-#1%!*$,#$*#-:%!G+(-#1!'!-%&$7$#&.17M!
!!!!! !9('#,/![n6!qM!e[gnwn aujton ejpibouleuvonta!MH2&(%)Q&%)928%)=$"2(+'6;6z!
!!!!! !SoJrw' tau'ta ajlhqh' o[nta!H:%$)Q&%)%28$)%2):%'#6#z!
!
Z/!J$,?'(!@.$!(-;%-G-#1%!$2*$B1,6!#$(1,6!#'%&-%.1,M!
9('#,/![i6!ZXM!e[pause tou;" summavcou" ajfistamevnou"S))
H(&2$)@+")6)Q&%)/$2)6/+6#$2)3+=+%'6")#%@%==+M"I)
!
;,g-)N0h!K!e.)\id.FjK.)
!
E(!.%1!#'%(&,.##-:%!,$#-$%&$!G',2141!*',!.%!(.(&1%&-J'!S@.$!C1#$!G.%#-:%!4$!(.A$&'!4$7!*1,&-#-*-'S!)!
.%!*1,&-#-*-'6!)!@.$!$(!-%4$*$%4-$%&$!4$7!,$(&'!4$!71!',1#-:%6!$@.-J17-$%4'!1!.%1!',1#-:%!(.?',4-%141/!
!
E7! *1,&-#-*-'! #'%#-$,&1! #'%! (.! (.A$&'! $%! ;j%$,'! )! %H2$,'/! I1! *'(-#-:%! 21,;-%17! $%! 71! G,1($6! 17!
*,-%#-*-'!'!17!G-%176!G1J',$#-:!$7!4$(1,,'77'!4$!.%!J17',!&$2*',17!'!#1.(17/!E7!.('!23(!G,$#.$%&$6!*$,'!
%'! H%-#'6! $(! $7! ;$%-&-J'e& N0-& -.& -+:-& 9*+3& .3& +-& :4*209-& 93.& ,*& 54-53+191@.& !"e& +1.3& 93>3& 0.*&
93.+:40991@.&*=+3,0:*&-.&/-40.213^&
I)(/! 96! [WM! crovnou metaxu diagenomevnou kai ejmou' polu ajpoleleimmevnou,! H8'6"2=&''+%"#$) %/)
8+%5($)%"8'%)86"8$)B)#%2('%$=&(X"#$5%)B$)5&=3$)*#%)5+2)#%21'6=+62-JI)
!

!
!! ! !
!!!! ! ! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

!
!

%("#
!"#$":"S+&"#$
!G"-<0,-Y'45'2B36$3+'
!
E(&$!$*-&1G-'!$(!.%1!',1#-:%!GH%$?,$!4$!71(!@.$!#141!15'!($!*,'%.%#-1?1%!$%!C'%',!4$!7'(!1&$%-$%($(!2.$,&'(!
$%!;.$,,1/!I)(-1(!#$7$?,1!1!7'(!1&$%-$%($(!2.$,&'(!$%!.%1!4$(;,1#-141!$=*$4-#-:%!4$!1).41!1!7'(!#',-%&-'(!4$!
71!@.$!%'!&$%$2'(!%'&-#-1!<†!cg[!1/Q/>!

Prw'ton me;n ou\n tou;" palaiou;" tw`n progovnwn diveimi136, mnhvmhn para; th'" fhvmh" labwvn.
a[xion ga;r pa'sin ajnqrwvpoi" kajkeivnwn137 memnh'sqai138, uJmnou'nta" me;n ejn tai'" w/jdai'",
levgonta" d j ejn tai'" tw'n ajgaqw'n mnhvmai", timw'nta" d j ejn toi'" kairoi'" toi'" toiou'toi",
paideuvonta" d j ejn toi'" tw'n teqnewvtwn139 e[rgoi" tou;" zw'nta".
jAmazovne" ga;r [Arew" me;n to; palaio;n h\san qugatevre", oijkou'sai de; para; to;n Qermwvdonta

potamovn, movnai me;n wJplismevnai140 sidhvrw/ tw'n peri; aujtav", prw'tai de; tw'n pantw'n ejf j i{ppo
u" ajnaba'sai141, oi|" ajnelpivstw" di j ajpeirivan tw'n ejnantivwn h/{roun142 me;n tou;" feuvgonta",
ajpevleipon de; tou;" diwvkonta". ejnomivzonto de; dia; th;n eujyucivan ma'llon a[ndre"143 h[ dia; th;
n fuvsin gunai'ke". plevon ga;r ejdovkoun tw`n ajndrw'n tai`" yucai'" diafevrein h[ tai'" ijdevai"
ejlleivpein.

)
?E3FG)H0)IGJ)G.GK5LGJM)60I-0N0)H0)I).GEJ5I05)H0)OGI-3G1LGJ5)
F44/PQQRRRM=N-GS0JGIH-GM35.Q0I .GEJ5I05 H0 FGI-3G1LGJ5 ELG H0 IGJ 4E.TGJ .GJ T0IIGJ H0 IG GL4-UE0HGHQ

[Arcousai de; pollw'n ejqnw'n, kai; e[rgw/ me;n tou;"144 peri; aujta;" katadedoulwmevnai145, lovgw/ de;

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
136, ,,Y$#.$,41!@.$!ei\mi!($!.&-7-B1!#'2'!G.&.,'!4$!e[rcomai.
137, ,,Q,1(-(/!
138, ,,I'(!J$,?'(!@.$!(-;%-G-#1%!'%=&%'#$),-;$%!;$%-&-J'/!
139, ,,_1,&-#-*-'!<1&,-?.&-J'>!4$!*$,G$#&'!4$7!J$,?'!ajpoqnh/vskw/!
140, ,,_1,&-#-*-'!4$!*$,G$#&'!4$!ojplivzw/!
141, ,,_1,&-#-*-'!1',-(&'!#'%#$,&14'!#'%!$7!14A$&-J'!prw`tai.
142, ,,92*$,G$#&'!aiJrevw!6/=6"<6;6"/!
143, ,,_,$4-#1&-J'/!
144, ,,R17',!(.(&1%&-J14',!4$7!1,&+#.7'/!L7'(!@.$!$(&3%!$%!7'(!17,$4$4',$(!4$!!$771(L6!$(!4$#-,6!/$2)(&%;/$2))
:%=+"$2/!
145, ,,_1,&-#-*-'!4$!*$,G$#&'!8%"+%"#$)%2=/6:+<6#$2/!

!
!! ! !
!!!! ! ! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

!
!
peri; th'sde th'" cwvra"146 ajkouvousai klevo" mevga, pollh'" dovxh" kai; megavlh" ejlpivdo" cavrin
147 paralabou'sai ta; macimwvtata tw'n ejqnw'n, ejstravteusan ejpi;148; thvnde th;n povlin.

tucou'sai d j ajgaqw'n ajndrw'n oJmoiva" ejkthvsanto149 ta;" yuca;" th/' fuvsei, kai; ejnantivan th;n dov
xan th'" protevra" labou'sai ma'llon ejk150 tw'n kinduvnwn h[ ejk tw'n swmavtwn e[doxan ei\nai
gunai'ke". Movnai" d j aujtai'" oujk ejxegevneto151 ejk tw'n hJmarthmevnwn maqouvsai"152 peri; tw'n
loipw'n a[meinon bouleuvsasqai, oujd j oi[kade153 ajpelqouvsai" ajpaggei'lai thvn te sfetevran auj
tw'n dustucivan kai; th;n tw'n hJmetevrwn progovnwn ajrethvn.
$
$
%!$/"5"!!+$*%$:"*%,"$
$
Fa;sin wJ" jAcaioi; oiJ ejn xulivnw/ koivlw/ i{ppw/ katevbalon th;n [Ilion. [Esti de; muqwvdh" a[gan oJ
lovgo". JH de ajlhvqeia au{th. i{ppon kateskeuvasan xuvlinon pro;" mevtron tw'n pulw'n, o{pw"
mh; eJlkovmeno" eijsevlqh, ajll j uJperevch/ tw/' megevqei. OiJ de lo;cagoi ejkavqhnto ejn cwvra/ para;
th;n povlin, h{ jArgeivwn lovco" ejkalei'to mevcri tou' nu'n. [Aggelo" ejlqw;n para; tw'n jArgeivwn
levgei aujtoi'" kata; manteivan wJ", eij mh; eijshvgagon to;n i{ppon eij" th;n povlin, mhkevti oiJ
jAcaioi; h{xousin. OiJ Trw'e" peiqovmenoi kai; kaqelovnte" to; tei'co", eijsavgousi to;n i{ppon,
kai; oiJ {Ellhne" ejpipivptousin aujtoi'" ejsqiovmenoi" . Ou{tw" eJavlw hJ [Ilio".

#$%&'()*+,--(';C;O'!_57:J:7%5+'

!"#$%#&'()*)++,-.).#/$0+1'2#132#14+#567+89:+#1;.,;'.2#)<-82#*('9)=2#1'#*)((>#?#
*;01';)+!#'#@8A#*;B2#1>#(.CD+.E#FG=H)+#'/2#1I+#HJ+K#@8A#-=+);C9-8+1'2#132#+8L2#
MCNO)+1)#M*.*(D)=-.!###1)P2#M+8+19).2Q##
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
146, ,,"&$%1(/!
147, ,,"4J/!@.$!1#&H1!#'2'!*,$*'(-#-:%!4$!;$%-&-J'!#'%!$7!,j;-2$%!4$71%&$/!
148, ,,Q'%!J17',!4$!C'(&-7-414!-2*7+#-&'M!=$"8'6/!
149, ,,oJmoiva" ejkthvsanto!+1&6/6'$"/!
150, ,,R17',!G-;.,14'!($')=6&26)#%/!
151, ,,92*$,G/!4$!ejk-givgnomai6!#'%!J17',!-2*$,('%17!2%')($2+;/%/!E7!(.A$&'!$(!
bouleuvsasqai... oujd j ajpaggei'lai
152, ,,_1,&-#-*-'!1*'(-&-J'!$%!41&-J'!#'%#$,&14'!#'%!aujtai'",!V9!4$ ejxegevneto/!"',-(&'!4$!manqavnw.
153, ,,_1,&+#.71!$%#7+&-#1!-de!!14J$,-17!4$!7.;1,!1!4'%4$/!
!#', ,O&=3$)5X2)"&5%'$262)Q&%)6"8%2D)BJ)
!##, ,_1,&-#-*-'!$%!41&-J'!*7.,17/!

!
!! ! !
!!!! ! ! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

!
!
2)/3"$4B1$$%!$2(0(,+$))T$/"#+#$-",0)/(!",%#$.$$
2(0(,+$-"#)9+1$
!
E7!G.&.,'!1#&-J'!)!$7!2$4-'!($!G',21%!('?,$!$7!&$21!4$!*,$($%&$6!)!$7!*1(-J'6!@.$!14'*&1!.%!2',G$21!*,'*-'6!
($!G',21!#'%!71(!4$(-%$%#-1(!4$7!G.&.,'!2$4-'/!t1!J-2'(!$%!71!G-#C1!c[!71!2',G'7';+1!4$7!G.&.,'!(-;23&-#'6!
*$,'!*,$($%&1!17;.%'(!#1('(!*1,&-#.71,$(M!
!
1/!rPbPYVF!QVDbY"QbVFM!
!!
F$!G',21%!$%!.%!$(&14-'!*,-2-&-J'!4$!71!7$%;.1!$%!@.$!G.$!%',217!71!#1+41!4$!(-;21!-%&$,J'#37-#1!$%!,1+#$(!
4-(-73?-#1(6!$(*$#-172$%&$!$%!7'(!J$,?'(!&$,2-%14'(!$%!('%1%&$!<l, m, n, r>!/!E(&$!G$%:2$%'!G'%j&-#'!'#.,,+1!
$%!G.&.,'!)!$%!1',-(&'!)6!$%!'#1(-'%$(6!71!#1+41!4$!(-;21!*,'J'#1!$%!$7!1',-(&'!$7!171,;12-$%&'!#'2*$%(1&',-'!
4$!71!J'#17!4$!71!,1+B/!
!!
r',21%!$7!G.&.,'!1514-$%4'!-w',!) -ou'mai!<@.$!#'%A.;1%!#'2'!poiw' !)!!!poiou'mai>M!
!
! ! Slevgw ! G.&/ ejrw', ejrei'", ejrei', ejrou'men, ejrei'te, ejrou'sin.
! ! Snevmw G.&/ nemw' "',. e[neima
! ! -mevnw G.& menw' "',. e[meina
! ! Sajggevllw! G.&/!!!ajggelw' "',. ajggei'la
! ! Skalevw! ! G.&/ kalw'.

O3(6!&1,4$!&$%4-:!1!,$;.71,-B1,($!$7!&-*'!(-;23&-#'/!
!
?/!rPbPYVF!NE!IVF!REYdVF!ED!-ivzwM!
!
I'(!J$,?'(!$%!-zw!*,$($%&1%!4-G-#.7&14$(!$%!71!G',21#-:%!4$7!G.&.,'/!I'!%',217!($,+1!71!#1+41!4$!71!4$%&17!
1%&$!(-;216!4$!G',21!@.$!4$!.%!J$,?'!nomivzw6!$7!G.&.,'!$(!nomivsw!<1',/!jEnovmisa>/!_$,'!$%!71!21)',!*1,&$!4$!
$(&'(! J$,?'(6! $7! G.&.,'! ($! G',21! 4-,$#&12$%&$! ('?,$! $7! &$21! $%! |S-6! )! *1(1%! 1! $%&$%4$,($! #'2'! G.&.,'(!
#'%&,1#&'(M!4$!kaqivzw6!G.&/!kaqivw/!
!
#/!rPbPYVF!9YYE\PI"YEFM!
&
_YEFEDbE! rPbPYV! _YEFEDbE! rPbPYV!
levgw C1?71,! ejrw' dokevw *1,$#$,! dovxw
euJrivskw $%#'%&,1,! euJrhvsw baivnw -,6!21,#C1,! bhvsomai
pivnw ?$?$,! pivomai oJravw J$,! o[yomai
pavscw (.G,-,! peiv s omai tugcav n w $%#'%&,1,! teuv xomai
bouvlomai @.$,$,! boulhvsomai lambavnw #';$,! lhvyomai
ajpoqnh/vskw 2',-,! ajpoqanou'mai lanqavnw '7J-41,! lhvsw
givgnomai 77$;1,!1!($,! genhvsomai manqavnw 1*,$%4$,! maqhvsomai
fevrw 77$J1,! oi[ s w oi[ o mai #,$$,! oijhvsomai
!
4/!EI!rPbPYV!_"F9RV!M!
!
E%!.%!*,-%#-*-'6!$7!G.&.,'!#'%!4$(-%$%#-1(!2$4-1(!*'4+1!14@.-,-,!(-;%-G-#14'!*1(-J'6!*$,'!($!G',2:!.%1!($,-$!
4$!G.&.,'(!$%!-hvsomai!@.$!($!,$71#-'%:!#'%!7'(!1',-(&'(!$%!-hvn/!Q'2'!$(&'(!1',-(&'(!$J'7.#-'%1,'%!C1#-1!.%!
(-;%-G-#14'!*1(-J'6!$('(!G.&.,'(!*1(1,'%!G3#-72$%&$!1!&$%$,!$7!2-(2'!J17',/!
SeuJrivskw! G.&/!EuJrhvsw ! G.&/!_1(/!EuJreqhvsomai "',/!_1(/!HuJrevqhn

!
!! ! !
!!!! ! ! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

!
!

%+"#
!
0&! 20U'd-GW0aGW<[\0Wo0U'!GA$7D5#6:'35Dw7'U$7'`$%5:+'
1. Makavrioi oiJ ptwcoiC<B tw/' pneuvmati, o±ti aujtw'n ejstin hJ basileiva tw'n oujranw'n.

2. Makavrioi oiJ penqou'nte", o{ti aujtoi; parakleqhvsontaiC<V.

3. Makavrioi oiJ praei'", o{ti aujtoi; klhronomhvsousi th;n gh'n.

4. Makavrioi oiJ peinw'nte" kai' diyw'nte" th;n dikaiosuvnhn, o{ti aujtoi; cortasqhvsontai
C<@.

5. Makavrioi oiJ ejlehvmone"C<A o{ti aujtoi; ejlehqhvsontai.

6. Makavrioi oiJ kaqaroi; th/' kardiva/, o±ti aujtoi; to;n qeo;n o[yontai.

7. Makavrioi oiJ eirhnopoioi;, o{ti uiJoi; qeou' klhqhvsontaiCBD.

8. Makavrioi oiJ dediwgmevnoi e{neken dikaiosuvnh", o{ti aujtw'n ejstin hJ basileiva tw'n
oujranw'n.!!
d&'G2'_[\0`GW<Y'ZG'"20<G0'
Ouj poihvsomai peri; pleivono" to; zh'n th'" ejleuqeriva", oujd j ejgkataleivyw tou;" hJgemovna" ou[te
zw'nta" ou[t j ajpoqanovnta", ajlla; tou;" ejn th/' mavch/ teleuthvsanta" tw'n summavcwn a{panta"
qavyw. Kai; -krathvsa" tw/' polevmw/ tou;" barbavrou"- tw'n me;n macesamevnwn uJpe;r th'" JEllavdo"
povlewn oujdemivan ajnavstaton poihvsw, ta;" de; ta; tou' barbavrou161 proelomevna"162 aJpavsa"
dekateuvsw. Kai; tw'n iJerw'n tw'n ejmprhsqevntwn163 kai; katablhqevntwn uJpo; tw'n barbavrwn
oujde;n ajnoikodomhvsw pantavpasin, ajll j uJpovmnhma toi'" ejpigignomevnoi" ejavsw kataleivpesqai
th'" tw'n barbavrwn ajsebeiva".

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
C<B, (,,_'?,$(!4$7!A.41+(2'!#.)1!,-@.$B1!$(!-%&$,-',/!
C<V, (, parakalevwM!+":+86'D)//656')#%8'X2)#%)5C/!\,-$;'!?+?7-#'M!=$"2$/6'/!
C<@, (, peinhvwM!8%"%')365;'%s!diyhvwM!8%"%')2%#s!!E(&'(!4'(!J$,?'(!($!#'%A.;1%!#'2'!zhvw. cortavzwM!
26=+6'/!
C<A, (,,ejlehvmwn, onM!#'2*1(-J'/s!ejleevwM!8%"%')(+%#6#s!*1(M!2%')=$5(6#%=+#$/!
CBD, (,,r.&.,'!!*1(-J'!!4$!kalevw/!
161, (,,/$2)+"8%'%2%2)#%/);X';6'$[)%/)(6'8+#$)#%/);X';6'$/!
162, (,pro-airevomaiM!1',-(&'!&$23&-#'/!%/%1+'/!
163, (,,ejmpivmprhmiM!+"=%"#+6'/!"',/!*1(/!ejn-prhv-s-qhn.

!
!! ! !
!!!! ! ! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

!
!

2)/3"$4C1$$%!$-%,2%/0+$
&
&
N$7! &$21! 4$! *$,G$#&'! ($! G',21%! $7! *$,G$#&'! )! $7! *7.(#.12*$,G$#&'/! E(&$! &$21! ($! #1,1#&$,-B1! *',! .%1!
(-;%-G-#1#-:%!;$%$,172$%&$!-%&,1%(-&-J1M!
! ! pevpoiqa! %28$B)=$":%"=+#$)
! e{steka %28$B)#%)(+%)
! ! tevqnhka! %28$B)5&%'8$)
! ! levluka ! 8%"1$)#%2686#$)
! ! !
I1(!#1,1#&$,+(&-#1(!2',G'7:;-#1(!4$7!*$,G$#&'!('%!&,$(M!71!,$4.*7-#1#-:%6!.%1(!!4$(-%$%#-1(!$(*$#-17$(!
)!71!17&$,%1%#-1!J'#37-#1!$%!$7!,14-#17/!
!
'(! R7Y`S)"#%#"kZ^&
!
F$!;$%$,17-B:!$%!&'4'(!7'(!2'4'(!4$7!&$21!4$!*$,G$#&'!#'%!&-2?,$!l$l6!#'%!4-(&-%&1(!*'(-?-7-414$(M!
&
(.!"#.1%4'!$7!J$,?'!*,$($%&1!,14-#17!#'2$%B14'!*',!#'%('%1%&$6!($!,$*-&$!$(1!#'%('%1%&$!($;.-41!4$!71!
J'#17!le!l!17!*,-%#-*-'!4$!71!*171?,1!M!
luvw!M levluka!s!pauvw!M!pevpaukau!
F-!($!&,1&1!4$!.%1!'#7.(-J1!1(*-,141!<q, f, z>6!71!,$4.*7-#1#-:%!$(!#'%!71!(',41!#',,$(*'%4-$%&$M!!
qerapeuvwM!teqeravpeukas foneuvwM pefovneuka, coreuvwM kecovreuka.
F-!$7!J$,?'!#'2-$%B1!*',!.%!;,.*'!4$!4'(!#'%('%1%&$(!5&86)=&5)/+Q&+#66!($!,$4.*7-#1!(:7'!71!'#7.(-J1M!
!dravwM!devdrakas!plevwM!pevpleukau!
F-!$7!J$,?'!#'2-$%B1!*',!.%!;,.*'!4$!4'(!#'%('%1%&$(!@.$!%'!($1%)5&86)=&5)/+Q&+#66!*',!rJS!'!*',!.%1!
#'%('%1%&$!4'?7$!<z, y, x>!($!.&-7-B1!$7!1.2$%&'!
!srateuvwM!ejstravteukas!zhmiovwM!ejzhmivwka, rJivptwM e[rrifau!
!
R.!"#.1%4'!$7!J$,?'!#'2-$%B1!*',!J'#176!!71!,$4.*7-#1#-:%!($!$G$#&H1!-;.17!@.$!$7!1.2$%&'6!*$,'!1G$#&1!1!
&'4'(!7'(!2'4'(M!!
! ! ! ajdikevwM!hjdivkhkas!oJrivzwM!w{rikau!
F-!71!J'#17!J1!($;.-41!4$!('%1%&$6!($!,$4.*7-#1!71!*,-2$,1!J'#17!)!71!*,-2$,1!('%1%&$!#'%!171,;12-$%&'!
4$!71!J'#17!,14-#17M!!
! ! '[llumi M o[lwlas!!
F-!$7!J$,?'!$2*-$B1!*',!J'#17!{!#'%(/!{!J'#176!*,$($%&1!#'2'!,$4.*7-#1#-:%!71(!4'(!*,-2$,1(!7$&,1(!4$7!
,14-#17M!
! ! ajkouvw!M!ajkhvkoau<4-205,19*91@.&L:19*P&
!
#/!#.1%4'!$7!J$,?'!$(!#'2*.$(&'!4$!*,$*'(-#-:%6!71!,$4.*7-#1#-:%6!#'2'!$7!1.2$%&'6!($!#'7'#1!$%&,$!j(&1!
)!$7!,14-#17!J$,?17/!
&
Z/! Y7K"Z7Z#"%K& 7KS7#"%)7KM! 71(! 4$(-%$%#-1(! ',-;-%17$(! 4$7! *$,G$#&'! (:7'! ($! #'%($,J1%!
$%! $7! *$,G$#&'! oi\da! <4$! oJravw>6! @.$! ($! .(1! #'%! .%! J17',! 4$! *,$($%&$! yB$) 29! y6! $%! $7! (-%;.71,! 4$! 71!
1#&-J1M!
!
oi\da levlumai
oi\sqa levlusai
oi\de levlutai
i'smen leluvmeqa
i[ste levlusqe
i[sasi levluntai
!

!
!! ! !
!!!! ! ! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

!
!
E%! ;$%$,176! ($! .(1%! 71(! 4$(-%$%#-1(! ($2$A1%&$(! 1! 71(! 4$! 1',-(&'! (-ka, -ka", -ke, -kamen, -kate, kasi>6!
#.14,'!@.$!($!#'2*7$&1!#'%!.%'(!(.G-A'(!*,'*-'(!*1,1!71!G',21#-:%!4$7!5*4:191513&d21+:1.:3!4$7!|S%&!!@.$!
*,$($%&1%!7'(!4$23(!&$21(>6!%'2-%1&-J'M!-w", -uia, -o", )!;$%-&-J'M -oto", -uia", oto"/!
!
!
E%!7'(!J$,?'(!#.)1(!,1+#$(!&$,2-%1?1%!$%!J'#176!17!1514-,!$7!*$,G$#&'!.%1(!4$(-%$%#-1(!@.$!$2*$B1?1%!*',!
J'#17! <%'! C1)! J'#17! &$23&-#1>! *71%&$1?1! 4-G-#.7&14$(! $%! $7! (-%;.71,! 4$! 71! J'B! 1#&-J1/! _1,1! 21,#1,! ! &17$(!
G',21(!($!,$#.,,-:!1!71!SkS6!@.$!($!G.$!$=&$%4-$%4'!)!*'#'!1!*'#'!($!#'%J-,&-:!$%!#1,1#&$,+(&-#1!4$7!&$21!4$!
*$,G$#&'6!)!1!*1,&-,!4$!.%1!*,-2$,1(!G',21(!#'%!J17',!,$(.7&1&-J'6!!($!!G',2:!!.%!!*$,G$#&'!!$%!Ska!&,1%(-&-J'/!
! !
I'(! *$,G$#&'(! 4$! J$,?'(! $%! 71?-17! )! ;.&.,17! %'! #'%($,J1%! $(&1! T1**16! (-%'! @.$6! #'%(-4$,3%4'($! ,1+#$(!
1(*-,141(!*',!7'(!&$21(!4$!G.&.,'!)!1',-(&'6!$%#'%&,12'(!*$,G$#&'(!$%!Sca!)!*$,G$#&'(!$%!Sfa!<#G/!G-#C1!cn>/!
E7!$%#.$%&,'!4$!71!#'%('%1%&$!'#7.(-J1!4$7!&$21!#'%!71!#'%('%1%&$!4$!71(!4$(-%$%#-1(!2$4-1(!*,'J'#1!.%'(!
#12?-'(!G'%j&-#'(!@.$!1*$%1(!*$,2-&$%!,$#'%'#$,!$7!,14-#17M!
! ! levleiSmmai tevtagmai pevpeismai
! ! levleiSyai tevtaxai pevpeisai
! ! levleiSptai tevtaktai pevpeistai
! ! leleivSmmeqa tetavgmeqa pepeivsmeqa
! ! levleiSfqe tevtaxqe pevpeisqe
! ! <71!c‚*S*7/!$(!*$,-G,3(&-#1>! tetagmevnoi eijsin pepeismevnoi eijsin
! !
F'%!G',21(!@.$!(-;.$%!71(!7$)$(!4$!71!G'%j&-#1!;,-$;1M!
!
! {!!m = { s= { t= { q=

;.&.,17!<k, g, c>! $gm x kt cq


71?-17!<p. b. f>! $mm y pt fq
4$%&17!<d, t, q>! sm s st sq
! !
!
H.!"7)&S)`K#`%TS7R!7#?C^&
!
E(!$7!&-$2*'!4$!*$,G$#&'!#'%!4$(-%$%#-1(!($#.%41,-1(6!*$,'!(.!',-;$%!$(!-%#-$,&'/!
-ein,
-ei",
-ei,
-eimen,
-eite,
-eisan.
!
!
_IPFQP"O_EYrEQbV!
"Qb9RV! OEN9VS_"F9RV!
[‚!*!(;/! ej - lev - lu- kei - n ej - le - luv- mhn
Z‚!*!(;/! ej - lev - lu- kei - " ej - lev - lu- so
c‚!*!(;/! ej - lev - lu- kei ej - lev - lu- to
[‚!*!*7/! ej - le - luv- kei - men ej - le - luv- meqa
Z‚!*!*7/! ej - le - luv- kei - te ej - lev - lu- sqe
c‚!*!*7/! ej - le - luv- kei - san ej - lev - lu- nto
!

!
!! ! !
!!!! ! ! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

!
!
"&%U+$2)/3"$4CT$C;"`4!6=!4C5>3L"!4Lb;"`L"!!t!*=b8=<`L"!
!
!
! ! 86<=@J6! !
"<A@AGJA! 8,&13#! K*L1#! "'+13#! "A<BA7J6!
a[gw 11/D$*& h[gagon hjgagovmhn h[cqhn h\ca
aiJrew /1/C"*& ei|lon eiJlovmhn h/Jrevqhn h{rhka
aijsqavnomai %/35"*& h/jsqovmhn h/[sqhmai
ajkouvw )?*& h[kousa hjkouvsqhn ajkhvkoa
ajnalivskw C$%5$*& ajnhvlwsa ajnhlwvqhn ajnhvlwka
aJmartavnw /4-"D)7$*%/& h{marton hJmarthvqh hJmavrthka
n
ajpoqnh/vskw 8)*"*& ajpevqanon tevqnhka
ajfiknevomai D/3"*& ajfikovmhn ajfi'gmai
baivnw /7B$*& $& e[bhn 9 e[bhsa ejbavqhn bevbhka
$3@$*&
bavllw /7B$*& e[balon ejbalovmhn ejblhvqhn bevblhka
blavptw /%5)*.$*& e[blaya bevblafa
bouvlomai 4-/*/*& ejboulhvqhn bebouvlhmai
givgnomai 11/C$*&$&%/*& ejgenovmhn ejgenhvqhn gevgona
gignwvskw 7)3)7/*& e[gnwn ejgnwvsqhn e[gnwka
diafqeivrw @/%5*-"*& dievfqeira dievfqarka
didavskw /3%/[$*& ejdivdaxa ejdidavcqhn dedivdaca
dravw B$7/*& e[dran 9 e[drasa ejdravsqhn devdraka
e{pomai %/C-"*& eJspovmhn
ejrgavzomai 5*$.$A$*& eijrgasavmhn eijrgavsqhn eijrgavsmai
hjrgasavmhn
euJrivskw /37)35*$*& hu|ron euJravmhn huJrevqhn hu{rhka
hu{rhmai
e[cw 5/3/*& e[scon 9 eijca ejscevqhn e[schka
kavmnw 7$3%$*%/& e[kamon ejkamovmhn kevkmhka
klavw *)8#/*& e[klausa 9e[klasa ejklavsqhn kevklasmai 7(,.€!
krivnw %/#$*$*& e[krina ejkrinavmhn ejkrivqhn kevkrina
lambavnw 7)C/*& e[labon ejlabovmhn ejlhvfqhn ei[lhfa
lanqavnw )7-15$*%/& e[laqon levlhqa
levgw @/7"*& ei\pon 9 e[lexa ejlevcqhn ei[rhka
leivpw $.$3@)3$*& e[lipon ejlipovmhn ejleivfqhn levloipa
manqavnw $#*/3@/*& e[maqon memavqhka
mevnw #/*8$3/7/*& e[meina memevnhka
mimnh/vskomai */7)*@$*& e[mnhsa ejmnhsavmhn ejmnhvsqhn mevmnhmai
nevmw */#$*5"*& e[neima ejneimavmhn ejnemhvqhn nenevmhka
oi[omai 7*//*& w/jhvqhn -

!
!! ! !
!!!! ! ! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

!
!
oJravw D/*& ei\don w[fqhn eJovraka 9!eJwvraka
pavscw %->*"*& e[paqon pevponqa
pivnw ././*& e[pion ejpovqhn pevpwka
pivptw 7$/*& e[peson 9 e[pesa pevptwka
pravttw B$7/*& e[praxa ejpraxavmhn ejpravcqhn pevpraca
punqavnomai #*/C-35$*& ejpuqovmhn pepuvsmai
rJevw 7)**/*& ejrruvhn 9 e[rreusa ejrruvhn ejrruvhka
tivktw /3C/3@*$*& e[tekon ejtekovmhn tevtoka
trevfw $1"8/35$*& e[qreya 9e[trafon ejqreyavmhn ejqrevfqhn tevtrofa
ejtravfhn tevqrammai 7(,.€!
trevcw 7)**/*& e[qrexa 9!e[dramon dedravmhka
tugcavnw $17$3F$*& e[tucon ejteuvcqhn tetuvchka
faivnomai $#$*/7/*& ejfavnhn pevfhna
faivnw @$*&1-F& e[fhna 9!e[fanon ejfhnavmhn ejfavnqhn pevfagka
fevrw 11/D$*& h[negka 9!h[negkon hjnevcqhn ejnhvnoca
!
!
,

!
!! ! !
!!!! ! ! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

!
!

%,"#
'
"$ !+#$ #+!*"*+#$ :(%,0+#$ -+,$ !"$ )&*%-%&*%&/)"$ *%$ "0%&"#1!
M"#$%&'$()!L*!C12N$1L*+O!!
!
b'4'(!7'(!15'(!($!4$(-;%1?1!.%!',14',!@.$!C1#+1!$7!$7';-'!4$!7'(!;.$,,$,'(!2.$,&'(!$%!($,J-#-'(!1!71!#-.414/!
E%!cZc!1/!Q/!G.$!4$(-;%14'!0-*j,-4$(6!#.1%4'!"7$A1%4,'!1#1?1?1!4$!2',-,!)!\,$#-1!($!(.?7$J1?1!#'%&,1!$7!
*'4$,! ! 21#$4'%-'/! I'(! 1&$%-$%($(! 1;,.*14'(! 17,$4$4',! 4$! N$2:(&$%$(6! $(*$,1?1%! ,$#.*$,1,! (.!
-%4$*$%4$%#-1/!!

Crh; memnh'sqai mh; movnon tou' qanavtou tw'n teteleuthkovtwn, ajlla; kai; th'" ajreth'" h|" 164
kataleloivpasin. Eij ga;r qrhvnwn a[xia pepovnqasi ajll j ejpaivnwn165megavlwn a[xia pepoihvkasin.
Eij de; ghvrw" qnhtou' mh; metevscon, ajll j eujdoxivan ajghvraton eijlhvfasi, eujdaivmonev" te gegovn
asikata; pavnta. {Osoi me;n ga;r aujtw'n a[paide" teteleuthvkasi, oiJ tw'n JEllhvnwn e[painoi
pai'de" aujtw'n ajqavnatoi e[sontai. {Osoi de; pai'da" kataleloivpasin, hJ th'" patrivdo" eu[noia
ejpivtropo" aujtoi'" tw'n paivdwn katasthvsetai. Pro;" de; touvtoi"166, eij me;n ejsti to; ajpoqanei'n
o{moion tw/' mh; genevsqai, ajphllagmevnoi167 eijsi; novswn kai; luvph" kai; tw'n prospiptovntwn
eij" to;n ajnqrwvpinon bivon. eij d j e[stin168 ai[sqhsi" ejn {A/dou169 kai; ejpimevleia para; tou'
daimonivou, w{sper uJpolambavnomen, eijko;" tou;" tai'" timai'" tw'n qew'n kataluomevnai"
bohqhvsanta"170 pleivsth" khdemoniva"171 uJpo; tou' daimonivou tugcavnein.
!
!
[W0'dYZ0'GW'c,GUY!X&0>/%?$7$%Y!]0$2/2$10!A0!a/0,2Y!$2E0'#,1(!%)#0%2Y!,.!;;f;;;!A.0.Z!
JW" ejfevsthken172 oJ tw'n gavmwn173 kairov", kai; pannucivde" h[gonto, kai; iJerei'a polla;
ejquveto tw/' qew/'. Kai; ejpeidh; tau'ta ejxetetevlesto174, hJkouvsh" th'" nuktov", h\gon th;n kovrhn
eij" to;n qavlamon meta; lampavdwn, to;n uJmevnaion175 a[/donte", kai; ejpeufhmou'nte", kai;
eijsagagovnte" katevklinon176. \Hn d j aujtoi'" oJ qavlamo" ou{tw pepoihmevno". klivnh crush'
strwvmasin e[strwto177 porfuroi'", kai; ejpi; th'" klivnh" babulwniva ejpepoivkilto skhnhv.
178

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
164, (,,"&,1##-:%!4$!,$71&-J'!17!#1('!4$!(.!1%&$#$4$%&$!€!h{n kataleloivpasi.
165, (, ajllasM!2+")%5;6'1$D)($')%/)=$"8'6'+$/!
166, (,,V)6#%5X2)#%)%28$/!
167, (,,,ajp-allavttwM!6(6'86'[)6/%A6'2%D)2%(6'6'2%/!
168, (,,F$5171!$7!1#$%&'!4$!71!G',21!J$,?17!#'%!$7!J17',!4$!%P+28+'/!
169, (,,ejn {!;$%/M!.('!1,#1-#'/!
170, (,,,bohqevw!{!41&M!+')%")6B&#6)#%)/62)3$"'62)#%28'&C#62)#%)/$2)#+$2%2/!I1!C$;$2'%+1!21#$4'%-1!&$%4+1!1!
1?,-,!\,$#-1!1!&'41!#71($!4$!-%G7.$%#-1(!,$7-;-'(1(6!7'!@.$!&$%4+1!1!4$?-7-&1,!7'(!#.7&'(!&,14-#-'%17$(!
171, (,,('$8%==+M"/!E%!;$%-&-J'6!,j;-2$%!4$!tugcavnw/!
172, (,,,O1%&j%!$%!71!&,14.##-:%!$7!J17',!4$!$(&14'!,$(.7&1&-J'!4$7!*$,G$#&'/!
173, (,,oJ gavmo"!$%!*7/M!71(!?'41(/!
174, (,,*$,G$#&'!*1(-J'!-,,$;.71,!4$!ejk-televw6!6=6;6'/!
175, (,,3+5%"%$6!#1%&'!%.*#-17!$%!C'%',!4$7!4-'(!4$7!21&,-2'%-'!<!JUmhvn w| uJmevnaie>!
176, (,,kata-klivnwM!8%"#%'D)6=$286'/!F$!('?,$$%&-$%4$!$7!VN!aujthvn.
177, (,,strw'ma, -ato"M!=&;'%s!strwv-nnumiM!=&;'+'/!<*$,G/!e[strwka>!
178, (,,poikivllwM!;$'#6'D)(+"86')#%)=$/$'%2D)=+"=%/6'6!<*$,G/!pepoivkilka>/!skhnhvM!1@.+!8$/#$D);6/#6Q&C"6!
*',@.$!$7!(.(&1%&-J'!4$(-;%1!1!&'41!#'%(&,.##-:%!7-;$,1!#'2'!.%1!&-$%416!.%1!?1,,1#1!)6!$%!*1,&-#.71,6!1@.$771!
1%&$!71!#.17!1#&.1?1!$7!1#&',/!

!
!! ! !
!!!! ! ! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

!
!
paivzonte" [Erwte", oi{ me;n jAfrodivthn qerapeuvonte", oi{ de; iJppeuvonte" strouqoi'"179,
oi{ de; stefavnou" plevkonte", oi{ d j a[nqh fevronte". ejn de; tw/` eJtevrw/ mevrei th`" skhnh'" [Arh"
h\n, oujc wJplismevno", ajll j wJ" pro;"180 ejrwmevnhn th;n jAfrodivthn kekosmhmevno",
ejstefanwmevno", clanivda e[cwn. [Erw" aujto;n wJdhvgei, lampavda e[cwn hJmmevnhn181.
jEp j aujth' th/' klivnh/ katevklinan th;n jAnqivan182, ajgagovnte" pro;" to;n JAbrokovmhn,
ejpevkleisavn te ta;" quvra".
!
!
!
!
!
!
2)/3"$4E1$$%!$+-0"0)9+$
!
E%! 7'(! #.1&,'! &$21(! &$2*',17$(! ~`0+(! 10+72)('! ! 10+(! E0)R('! X'0_0+(! i&0! 0_7)0,(! 0'! -2$10$#A2!
,0+^$1#-2Z!k!,&/#[2!10+72)('€!@.$!C1)!$%!;,-$;'!($!G',21%!($-(!>323+M!
!
! ! [/!9%4-#1&-J'! ! ƒ!,$17-414!
! ! Z/!F.?A.%&-J'! ! ƒ!-,,$17-414!
! ! c/!92*$,1&-J'! ! ƒ!',4$%6!21%41&'!
! ! e/!V*&1&-J'! ! ƒ!4$($'!
! ! W/!9%G-%-&-J'! ! !
! ! i/!_1,&-#-*-'!
!
N$!$77'(6!(:7'!$7!(.?A.%&-J'!<#'%!4$(-%$%#-1(!*,-21,-1(>!)!$7!'*&1&-J'!<#'%!4$(-%$%#-1(!($#.%41,-1(>!&-$%$%!
.%!(.G-A'!2'417M!71!J'#17!71,;1!$%!$7!*,-2$,'!)!.%1!|S-!ƒ!!i !$%!'*&1&-J'/!
!
!
45675859:2;-
#
[/!E%!7'(!J$,?'(!:->L:193+6!$7!V_b"b9RV!($!#1,1#&$,-B1!*',!.%!(.G-A'!|S-!ƒ!!i!@.$!G',21!4-*&'%;'!#'%!71!
J'#17!&$23&-#1s!j(&1!$(!(-$2*,$!4$!&-2?,$!l'l6!2$%'(!$%!1',-(&'!@.$!*.$4$!($,!la!l!'!lel!M!
!
.(868+:$) #%) b'%2%"8%) .(868+:$)#%)6$'+28$)6=8+:$) .(868+:$) #%) 6$'+28$)
6=8+:$) 5%#+$)
paideuvoimi paideuvsaimi paideusaivmhn

paideuvoi" paideuvsai" - paideuvseia" paideuvsaio

paideuvoi paideuvsai - paideuvseie paideuvsaito

paideuvoimen paideuvsaimen paideusaivmeqa

paideuvoite paideuvsaite paideuvsaisqe

paideuvoien paideuvsaien -paideuvseian paideuvsainto

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
179, (, iJppeuvwM!=6;6/16'){!41&-J'/!!strouqov" hJM!1$''+M"D)6:%28'&</!
180, (,,wJ" pro;"!{!1#/M!=$5$)=$":%"C6)6)/6)656#6)\@'$#+86/!
181, (,,*1,&/!*$,G/!*1(!4$!a{ptw6!6/&5;'6'/!
182, (,,"%&-16!%'2?,$!*,'*-'!4$!71!2.#C1#C1s!01?,'#'2j(6!%'2?,$!4$7!$(*'('/!

!
!! ! !
!!!! ! ! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

!
!
!
Z/! E%! 7'(! D-4=3+& 93.:4*9:3+6! *',! -%G7.$%#-1! 4$7! &-*'! 1&$23&-#'6! $%#'%&,12'(! 71(! G',21(! $(*$,141(!
<filoi'mi, filoi'", filoi'!s! timw/'mi, timw'", timw/'u! )! $%! 2$4-1!M filoi'mhn, timw/'mhnu>6! *$,'! $=-(&$%! $%!
3&-#'!G',21(!#'%!71!#1,1#&$,+(&-#1!SihS!4$!7'(!'*&1&-J'(!1&$23&-#'(!M!!filoivhn, filoivh", filoivhu!
!
!
c/!E%!7'(!*:->L:193+6!4'%4$!)1!%'!C1)!J'#17!&$23&-#16!&$%$2'(!;$%$,17-B14'!$7!4-*&'%;'6!SihS!#'2'!$%!$7!
eijmiv!M! ei[hn, ei[h", ei[h, ei[hmen, ei[hte, ei[hsan. I1(! 2-(21(! G',21(! C1)! $%! 7'(! J$,?'(! 1&$23&-#'(! #'%!
,$4.*7-#1#-:%6! *$,'! $%! 7'(! (.G-A14'(! #'% -numi6! *',! $=&$%(-:%! 4$7! &-*'! &$23&-#'6! $%#'%&,12'(! G',21(!
#'2'!M deiknuvoimi, deiknuvoi", deiknuvoi..

<=>?2@=<-
-
E7!'*&1&-J'!21%&-$%$!$%!;,-$;'!(.(!4'(!J17',$(!G.%412$%&17$(!4$7!-%4'$.,'*$'M!71!$=*,$(-:%!4$7!4$($'!)!71!
*'(-?-7-4146!#'%!71!%$;1#-:%!!mhv!*1,1!$7!*,-2$,'!)!ouj!*1,1!$7!($;.%4'/!
!
*(&35:*:1D3&2-+12-4*:1D3M!
R1!G,$#.$%&$2$%&$!-%&,'4.#-4'!*',!.%1!*1,&+#.71!4$(-4$,1&-J1M!ei[, ei[qe6!@.$!&,14.#$!y$A6/XzM!
F'*C/!\+/!WWXM!w\ pai',!gevnoio patro;" eujtucuvstero")))
Hh+Y$D)$A6/X)2%62)5X2)@%/+<)Q&%)8&)(6#'%I)
)
=()35:*:1D3&53:-.91*,M!
F$! ,$G.$,B1! #'%! 71! *1,&+#.71! 2'417! a[n! <)! 1! J$#$(! #'%! 14J$,?-'(! #'2'! i[sw">! I1! %$;1#-:%! $(! ou[!! $%! ',/!
*,-%#-*17$(!!)!mhv! $%!(.?',4-%141(s!71!*'(-?-7-414!*.$4$!($,!,$G$,-41!17!*,$($%&$6!17!*1(14'!'!17!G.&.,'6!)!%'!
-%4-#1!(-!($!#.2*7$!'!%'/!E%!$(*15'7!($!*.$4$!&,14.#-,!*',!.%!#'%4-#-'%17!'!*',!y($#'C6z!{!-%G-%-&-J'!M!
Tiv" d j a[n soi pisteuvseien!s!!!!!!
!y_k&+9")8%)='%%'C6)T)($#'C6)='%%'8%`z!
!
Sumbouleuveto pw'" a[n thn mavchn poioi'to!!!!
yf%/+;%'6;6)=M5$)36'C6T)($#'C6)36=%')/6);686//6I,)
&
9(&35:*:1D3&3=,H903^&
E7!'*&1&-J'!(-%!a[n!(.?(&-&.)$!17!(.?A.%&-J'!'!17!-%4-#1&-J'!$%!',1#-'%$(!(.?',4-%141(!@.$!4$*$%4$%!4$!.%1!
*,-%#-*17!4$!&-$2*'!*1(14'M!
! ! F'*C,).,c/![[i[M!a[ll j ei\pon, wJ" doivhn pavlai)))))
Hb%'$)#+A%)Q&%)#C)36=%)8+%5($uz!
! ! b.#/!996!nZ6!ZM!ajpekrivnanto aujtw/, o{ti ajduvnata sfivsin ei[h poiei'n!!
HF%)'%2($"#+%'$")Q&%)6)%//$2)/%2)%'6)+5($2+;/%)36=%',,,I)
)

!
!! ! !
!!!! ! ! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

!
!

%)"#
0&'"YG`0'0`Y\YUY>'
j gw; d j e[soptron ei[hn
E
o{pw" ajei; blevph/" me.
ejgw; citw;n genoivmhn,
o{pw" ajei; forh'/" me.
u{dwr qevlw genevsqai,
o{pw" se crw'ta louvsw.
muvron, guvnai, genoivmhn
o{pw" ejgwv s j ajleivyw.
kai; tainiva183 de; mastw'/,
kai; mavrgaron trachvlw/,
kai; savndalon genoivmhn.
movnon posi; pavtei184 me.
''
'
d&! '/5#t76*$3('a-(';&'!_57:J:7%5+'
!"#C%+#)R+#567+8P).#@8A#S8@'$8.C0+.).#*';A#18L18#T-8+Q#!"#$%#U7V8P).#M*'A#
@81'-1;DW8+1)#132#M+#1X#Y).:19Z#*0('.2E#M-1;N1'=)+#@8A#'/2#1I+#[:@9$8Q#\2#$]#8R#
@8A#)"#[:@'P2#M*;D-V'=)+#'/2#1I+#S8@'$89C)+8#@8A#F('H)+#^1.#'/#CI#V)76,-).'+E#)_#
$=+,-).+1)#CI!&##*'96'-68.#1)P2#U7V89).2#Q##

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
183, ( tainivaM!=+"86D);6"#6s!$%!*1,&-#.71,!$7!(.A$&14',6!.%1!$(*$#-$!4$!&'*!@.$!*'4+1!($,!.%!(-2*7$!14',%'!
('?,$!$7!*$#C'!'!77$J14'!#'2'!#C17/!
184, (,!92*$,1&-J'!4$!patevw6!(+26'/,,
!&#, ,,h$)($#'C6")36=%')$8'6)=$26)Q&%)2$5%8%'2%)6)/$2)8%;6"$2,)

!
!! ! !
!!!! ! ! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

!
!
'
2)/3"$4G1$$!+#$9%,5+#$%&$/+&#+&"&0%$
! !
C2,! E0)R2,! 0$! -2$,2$($10! ,0! -'(,#/#-($! ,0%l$! 0'! 1#72! A0! -2$,2$($10! i&0! 7)0-0A0! (! '(!
A0,#$0$-#(.!
!
f2YU'`[ZYU!2!0$!2-'&,#E(!,&/)0$!'2,!-(+R#2,!/2$U1#-2,!0,70)(A2,@!
!
! ! J-5-*)& W)*"%5)& `/*>/75)&
! W75=& yw ya fa
C4j;4C@ pw, bw, fw, ptw '/@=& -yomai -yamhn -mmai
! `$%=& -fqhvsomai -gqhn -mmai
! W75=& -xw -xa -ca
J=C4b@!kw, gw, cw, ttw '/@=& -xomai -xamhn -gmai
! `$%=& -cqhv s omai -cqhn -gmai
! W75=& -sw -sa -ka
6=3`4C@!dw, tw, qw , zw '/@=& -somai -samhn -smai
! `$%=& -sqhvsomai -sqhn -smai
!
f=$!2ib[-Z0@!
! ! f7)0,0$10!0!#+70)/0-12@!10+(!)0/2)K(A2@!
! ! ! flw!!!!{!!fllw! ! Xsaggelf!!{!ajggevllwZ!
! ! ! fnw!!!!{!!fivnw ! Xsfanf!!!!!!{!faivnwZ!
! ! ! fmw!!!!{!!fmnw! ! Xstemf!!!!!!{!tevmnwZ!
! ! ! frw !!{!!fivrw! ! Xsarf!!!!!!!!{!ai[rwZ!
! ! f/&1&)2@!-2$1)(-12Y!$2!,#%+^1#-2!
! ! f(2)#,12@!(&,0$-#(!A0!,#%+(!F!('()%(+#0$12!A0!(!E2-('!A0'!10+(!
! ! f70)/0-12@!10+(!E0)R('!7&)2@!
! ! !
! `*/%/35/& J-5-*)& W)*"%5)& `/*>/75)&
Clw stevllw stelw' e{steila e[stalka
Cnw faivnw fanw' e[fhna pevfagka
Cmw tevmnw temw' e[tamon tetevmhka
Crw fqeivrw fqerw' e[fqeira e[fqarka
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
!

!
!! ! !
!!!! ! ! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

!
!

%*"#
!
!"#$%&'(!)!a$DV;<b<;@V1$
*
!R77?! /3(;! $(:*8! )J5! :+7J5! :SG+>J5! S5$'J5! T'G+! (U! 3A5(5! )6! 3*)6! 4&(<$ID! &'+))A3*5+!
SF0(35E3A5*<)+!&$!*V5+0.!S776!:+;!)6!/5!)+8D!&+0$0+8DQ!WXD!&%!$%!&+'+G*5A3*5(D!)+Y)+!G0G5Z4:C.!
$E7J4+0![(\7(3+0Q!

]5! 3%5! G6'! ^+5+>E5+,C5! )J5! 3*G97C5!&&! _&&($'(3,+.! `+77,+D! $%! a! b&&(5,:(<!&(! /'J5!("!
/)\Gc+5*5! dU)(7\:(<.! &+0$HD! e5)(D.! :+;! +U)H5.! 5*50:E:A)+! &+G:'9)0(5.! f:*5! gGC5! /&;! )15!
>K+5Q!hD!$%!i!_&&($'(3,+!T7EF*5.!TcC5!)A5!)*!dU)A7<:(5!:+;!)H5!&+)K'+!+U)(Y!S&=0*0!*OD!)15!/5!
^*0'+0*8!(O:,+5j!4<5*,&*)(!$%!+U)k!:+;!l0:='+)(DQ!!

!m!n!o$p5! $%! a3(Y! e5)+D! qC:'9)E5! )*! :+;! `'0)A[(<7(5! :+;! r'3(GK5E5! :+;! R5)04>K5E5! :+;!
s+'3,$E5.! )(8D! 3%5! S3t?! dU)A7<:(5!(!! iG*84>+,! )05+! T)+F*5.!+U)HD! $%!()! &'(4I7>*! )(8D! S3t;!
qC:'9)E5.!:+;!*V&*5!u!v!wOD!:+7A5!(*!G*!x385!4<5)*)\cE:+j!@4)0y5!G6'!3K77C!dU)A7<:(5!:+;!)H5!
&+)K'+! +U)(YQ! WV3+0! (z5! &(7{! M5! )15! :+)+4:*<=5! 3(0! 7+3&'()K'+5! t+5I5+0! *O! S5$'9405!
/::*:+>+'3K5(0D!('! )6D! |<c6D! }4&*'! x385! a! S5$'p5!(#! :*:(43E3K5(D! *~E!($! 3y77(5! ! *O!
4)'+)EG(8D!:+;!_&&9'c(0D!:+;!4&(<$+'c,+0DQ!!"

!
!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!&$, ,,f+1"$2)#%)5%5$'+6D)#+1"$2)#%)2%')'%=$'#6#$2,)
!&%, ,Y$71&-J'!#'%!1%&$#$4$%&$!*'(*.$(&'!tau'ta/!)V)(&%28$)Q&%)3%)2+#$)8%28+1$)#%)%2862)=$262D)#%)/62)Q&%)
8%"1$)=$"$=+5+%"8$D))
!&&, ,!I1(!G-$(&1(!4$!71(!\,1%4$(!_1%1&$%1-#1(!@.$!($!#$7$?,1?1%6!$%!C'%',!4$!"&$%$16!#141!#-%#'!15'(/!QG!
_'')LFF*:*;*<)(u7&4)&*99(=7.FkggtFffFgdF:%9/<&%;4*9/+-*9'%9/%'*;-*;9*9F,
!&(, ,!\$%-&-J'!4$!*1,$%&$(#'/!Q17-1(!$,1!.%'!4$!7'(!#-.4141%'(!,-#'(!4$!"&$%1(/!
!(", , 0286')%"65$'6#$)
!(!, ,,Q,-&:?.7'6!0$,2:;$%$(6!"%&+(&$%$(6!Q3,2-4$(6!".&:7-#'u!*$,('%1A$(!4$7!$%&',%'!4$!F:#,1&$(/!
!(), ,!V*'(-#-:%!mevn ... dev.
!(*, ,,0");&%")5$5%"8$,)
!(', ,,_1,&-#-*-'! 4$! *$,G$#&'! $%! 41&-J'! *7.,17! *',@.$! #'%#-$,&1! #'%! ! ajndravsin M! =$") 3$5;'%2) Q&%) 8+%"%")
/+5(+62)/62)6/562,)Q17-1(!4-#$!@.$!$7!(-2*'(-'!($,3!23(!?,-771%&$!(-!(.!#1(1!($!J$!y14',%141z!*',!F:#,1&$(!)!
(.(!1#'2*151%&$(!@.$!*',!$(&,1&$;1(6!C-*1,#1(!)!G.&.,'(!21;-(&,14'(/!
!(#, ,,F.A$&'M!!$7!1%4,:%6!71!C1?-&1#-:%!,$($,J141!1!7'(!C'2?,$(!*',!'*'(-#-:%!17!;-%$#$'!
<gunaikwni'ti")
!($, ,!Kekosmhmeno" ei[h!M!c‚*/(;/!!4$!_$,G$#&'!4$!V*&1&-J'!

!
!! ! !
!!!! ! ! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

!
!
!
2)/3"$7I1$$-,%#%&0%#$"0%:J0)/+#$
!
I'(!J$,?'(!$%!Smi!($!4-G$,$%#-1%!4$!7'(!J$,?'(!$%!-w!H%-#12$%&$!$%!$7!*,$($%&$!)!$7!-2*$,G$#&'!4$!71(!&,$(!
J'#$(!)!$%!7'(!1',-(&'(!Z…!1#&-J'!)!2$4-'!$%M!
S@.$!71(!4$(-%$%#-1(!($!.%$%!4-,$#&12$%&$!17!,14-#17!(-%!J'#17!4$!$%71#$!$l'!!
(tivqe-men ------ lu-o-men)
S@.$!C1)!4$(-%$%#-1(!$(*$#-17$(M!
S9%4-#1&-J'!*,$($%&$M!(-%;.71,M!!!!!-mi,!!
! S"!<71!&'21!4$!71!4$(-%$%#-1!($#.%41,-1!1#&-J1>6!
! -si!<„!|ti>!
! Sc‚!*/!*7.,17M!Sasi/!
Sb-$2*'(!($#.%41,-'(M!c‚*/*7////M!Ssan.
S92*$,1&-J'////////////////////////////////M!Sqi.
S9%G-%-&-J'(/////////////////////////////////MSnai.
SV*&1&-J'!*,$($%&$!(-%;.71,M!//////MSivhn, Sivh"6!Sivh/!
SI1!(-;21!4$!Ssai, -so!<Z‚!*/!(;/>!%'!(.$7$!#1$,!$%&,$!J'#17$(/!
!
QI"F9r9Q"Q9}D!NE!IVF!REYdVF!ED!-mi.

[…>!R$,?'(!#'%!,$4.*7-#1#-:%!!lS-l!$%!_,$($%&$!$!92*$,G$#&'M!tivqhmi, divdwmi, i{sthmi, i{hmi.


Z…>!R$,?'(!#'%!(.G-A'!Snumi M!!deivknumi/!
c…>!R$,?'(!(-%!,$4.*7-#1#-:%!%-!(.G-A'M!eijmiv, ei\mi, fhmiv...
!
&
'(&b-4=3+&93.&4-205,19*91@.(&
!
_,$($%&1%! .%! ,14-#17! 1#1?14'! $%! J'#176! )! (:7'! #.1&,'! ,14-#17$(! ;,-$;'(! 'G,$#$%! $(&$! &-*'/! F'%! J$,?'(! 2.)!
.(14'(! @.$! *,$($%&1%! %.2$,'('(! #'2*.$(&'(/! E%! 1#&-J1! 71! J'#17! 4$7! &$21! ($! 171,;1! $%! $7! (-%;.71,! 4$7!
*,$($%&$!$!-2*$,G$#&'!4$!-%4-#1&-J'!<$(!4$#-,6!($!21%&-$%$!71!17&$,%1%#-1!J'#37-#1!71,;1S(-%;.71,6!?,$J$S*7.,17!
)!2$4-1>/!
! |4$0!S!l!|40S!!!!!ƒ! !-dw- / -do- : divdwmi / divdomen.
! |4C$0!S!l!|4C0S!ƒ! Sqh- / -qe- : tivqhmi / tivqemen.
! |)$0!S!l!|)0!S!!ƒ! S|)CSl!|S)$SM!! i{hmi / i{emen.
! |(&$0!S!l!|(&0!S!ƒ!! -sta- / sta-: i{sthmi / i{stamen.
I1!G',21!?,$J$!4$!71!,1-B!*,$J17$#$!$%!&'41!71!2$4-1/!E%!92*$,G$#&'!9%4-#1&-J'!(-%;.71,6!'G,$#$%!G',21(!$%!
4-*&'%;'!$@.-*1,1?7$(!1!71(!4$!7'(!J$,?'(!#'%&,1#&'(!<$=#$*&'!$7!i{sthmi):
ejdivdoun, ejdivdou", ejdivdou...
E7!G.&.,'!1#&-J'!)!2$4-'!($!C1!#'%(&,.+4'!#'2'!(-!($!&,1&1,1!4$!J$,?'(!#'%&,1#&'(!('?,$!71!G',21!71,;1!4$7!
,14-#17M!qhvsw, dwvsw, sthvsw, h{sw.
!
6(&b-4=3+&-.&[numi
&
_,$($%&1%!$7!(.G-A'!-nu-!$%!$7!&$21!4$!*,$($%&$!$%&,$!$7!&$21!J$,?17!)!71!4$(-%$%#-1M!
!
! _YEFEDbE! ! rPbPYV! "VY/!"Qb/! "VY/_"F/! _EYrEQbV/!
! deivknumi! <2'(&,1,>! deivxw e[deixa ejdeivcqhn devdeica.
meivgnumi! <2$B#71,>! meivxw e[meixa ejmeicqh mevmeiktai
a[gnumi! <,'2*$,>! a[xw e[axa ejavgh ---
rJhvgnumi <,'2*$,>! rHhvxw e[rrhxa ejrravgh e[rrwgw
o[llumi! <*$,4$,>! ojlw' w[lhsa --- o[lwla
o[mnumi! <A.B;1,>! ojmou'mai w[mosa --- ojmwvmoka.
!

!
!! ! !
!!!! ! ! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

!
!
!
!
;(&b-4=3+&+1.&4-205,19*91@.&.1&+0<1]3+(&
!
F'%!*,$($%&$(!1&$23&-#'(!4$!,14-#17!*.,'/!F$!&,1&1!4$!,$(-4.'(!4$!.%1!(-&.1#-:%!1,#1-#1!$%!7'(!@.$!($!'G,$#$!
2.)!#71,1!71!'*'(-#-:%!*,$($%&$l!-2*$,G$#&'/!D'!$=-(&$%!$%!$77'(!#'%&,1(&$(!4$!J'B!)!1!J$#$(!%'!($!C1!77$;14'!
1!#'2*7$&1,!$7!4$(1,,'77'!4$!7'(!2'4'(M!
!
-eijmiv!6!2%'6!<ejsS!l!sS!#1$!-%-#-17!1%&$!J'#17>!
! Sei\mi6!+'!/!F:7'!&-$%$!_,$($%&$!$!92*$,G$#&'/!E7!*,$($%&$!($!.(1!#'%!J17',!4$!G.&.,'<4$!e[rcomai).
! Sfhmiv,!!6@+'56',)!<faSƒ!fh!Sl!faS>!92*$,G/!e[fhn $!-%G/!fanai!#'%!J17',!4$!1',-(&'/!
! -hjmiv!6!!#%=+'/!F:7'!$%!7'#.#-'%$(M!h\n d j e[gw!B$)#%=C6; h\d j o{"!)#+A$)9/,,//!
! -kei'mai6!!)%286')2%"86#$/!_,$($%&$!4$!$(&14'/!F:7'!*,$($%&$!$!-2*$,G$#&'/!
! -kavqhmai!6)%286')8%"#+#$D)B6=%',!F:7'!*,$($%&$6!-2*$,G$#&'!)!G.&.,'/!

!
!! ! !
!!!! ! ! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

!
!
!!

&!"#
*
*+,-./0123#DV;<b<;@V1$
€" *)6!$%!)+Y)+!"044+tK'5ED!‚7>*5!*OD!r77=4&(5)(5j!St0:A3*5(5!$%!&+'?!+U)H5!30ƒ!)'0='*0!
R7:0[09$E5! FK509! )*! :+;! $J'+! gG(5)+! 4<77+[p5! *V'F*5! /5! q9'$*40.! t94:C5! :*7*\*05!
[+407K+!&(7*3*85!R>E5+,(0DQ!„….!†.‡ˆ!
€" R7:0[09$ED! $%! )+8D! *~:(40!)J5! 5*J5!&*'0&7*\4+D! S&K[E! *OD! )15! GI5Q! o$p5! $%! a! ,5$+'(D.!
:+;!+U)HD!S&([6D!/5!)#!G#!3+cA3*5(D!S&K>+5*5j!„….!†.!†‰ˆ!
€" W_!$?!R>E5+8(0!2D!(U$%5!/$\5+5)(!$0+&'9F+4>+0!:+)?!O4c\5.!T&*0495!)05+D!)J5!Š<P+5),C5!
&'($(Y5+0!)15!&A705Q„….!‹.!†Œˆ!
€" !R7:0[09$ED!$%!)'(&+8A5!)*!T4)E4*!:+;!3*,5+D!+U)(Y!7,G+D!i3K'+D!T&7*<4*5!*OD!q93(5Q„….!‹.!
Ž‹ˆ!
€" W_!$%!R>E5+8(0!!)'(&+8(5!$%!4)=4+5)*D!+U)(Y!(%!EU7,P(5)(Q!„….!‹.!Ž‹ˆ!
€" R'cK$E3(D!a!)(Y!$=3(<!)A)*!&'(*4)E:pD!/5!R>=5+0D.!'+405,$!:+)EGA'*0!/5!$0:+4)E',‘.!
t94:C5!/F!r77E4&A5)(<!+U)H5!Tc*05!c'=3+)+!e5)+!)(Y!$=3(<!„….!’.!†ˆ!
€" "03(:'9)(<D! $?! *O&A5)(D! B)0! :+;! )({D! g77(<D! c'1! &+'+$(>I5+0! $*>K5)+D! *OD! )H5! $I3(5.! i!
[(<71!T$E4*Q!„….!’.!‹ˆ!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!(%, ,!"4J$,?-'!4$!7.;1,/!

!
!! ! !
!!!! ! ! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

!
!
!
2)/3"$7H1$$!"$9+S$-"#)9"$
!
F.,;$! &1,4+12$%&$! )! $%! G',21! *,$#1,-1! #'2'! .%1! $(*$#-17-B1#-:%! 4$! G',21(! 1#&-J1(! )! 2$4-1(! 4$! #1,3#&$,!
-%&,1%(-&-J'/! E%! 71(! J'#$(! 4$7! ;,-$;'! ($! $=*,$(1! G',2172$%&$! <$%! *1,&$>! 71! 4-(&-%#-:%! 4$! 71! &,1%(-&-J-414! $!
-%&,1%(-&-J-414M!($!'*'%$%!71(!J'#$(!J$,?17$(6!1(.2-$%4'!71!2$4-1!J17',$(!-%&,1%(-&-J'(!G,$%&$!1!7'(!&,1%(-&-J'(!
$=*,$(14'(!*',!71!1#&-J1/!
peivqw!L#'%J$%#$,L!!!l!!peivqomai!L'?$4$#$,L/!
o[llumi!!L4$(&,.-,L!!!!l!o[llumai!L*$,$#$,L!
ejgeivrw!!L4$(*$,&1,L!!!l!ejgeivromai !L4$(*$,&1,($L/!
!
"! $(&1(! G',21(! 2$4-1(! -%&,1%(-&-J1(! ($! 7$(! 1('#-1%! G',21#-'%$(! 4$! *$,G$#&'! 4$! $(&14'!
<pevpoiqa, o[lwla, ejgrhvgora>!'!$(&,.#&.,1(!4$!1',-(&'!#'%!#1,1#&$,+(&-#1(!G',217$(!@.$!$=*,$(1%!$(&14'!#'%!
7'(!(.G-A'(!<|$!ƒ>!h[&r&[qh[^!ejcavrhn, ejfavnhn, hjbouvlhqhn, hjdunhvqhn...!!'!?-$%!($!'*'%$%!G',21#-'%$(!1#&-J1(!
41%4'!7.;1,!1!71!'*'(-#-:%!&,1%(-&-J'!l!-%&,1%(-&-J'M!
!
bY"DF/!M!e[bhsa, e[fusa, e[dusa, e[sthsa...
9DbY"DF.: e[bhn, e[fun, e[dun, e[sthn....
!
E(&1(!G',21#-'%$(!$%!Sh-!l!SqhS!6!',-;-%1,-12$%&$!-%&,1%(-&-J1(6!'G,$#-$,'%!71!?1($!G',217!*1,1!71!#'%(&-&.#-:%!
4$!71!*1(-J16!@.$!#'%J-$,&$!$7!'?A$&'!4$7!*,'#$('!J$,?17!1#&-J'!$%!(.A$&'!*1#-$%&$/!I1!*1(-J1!#1,$#$6!*.$(6!4$!
G',21(!$=*,$(-J1(!*,'*-1(M!
S$%!*,$($%&$!)!*$,G$#&'M!($!(-,J$!4$!G',21(!2$4-1(/!
S$%!1',-(&'!.&-7-B1!G',21(!1#&-J1(!$%!ShS!l!SqhS!4$!J17',!-%&,1%(-&-J'/!
S$%!G.&.,'M!#'%(&,.)$!('?,$!$7!1',-(&'!#'%!4$(-%$%#-1(!2$4-1(!<'!($16!1!$=*$%(1(!4$!71!1#&-J1!)!4$!71!
*1(-J1>!
!
E7!J17',!-%&,1%(-&-J'!4$!SqhS!%'!1*1,$#$!$%!&'4'(!7'(!J$,?'(M!hjboulhvqhnM!L@.-($L/!
!
E7!1',-(&'!$%!SqhS!($!$=&-$%4$!$%!$7!(-(&$21!J$,?17!;,-$;'M!
S$%!J$,?'(!4$!,14-#17!$%!J'#17M!
! lu- e[luvqhn
timav- ejtivmhqhn
poiev- ejpoihvqhn
!
S$%!J$,?'(!4$!,14-#17!$%!'#7.(-J1M!
! *6!?6!G6!71?-17!!{!!@!!ƒ!!1(*-,141M!!trivbw. ejtrivfqhn
! T6!;6!#6!J$71,!!!{!!@!!ƒ!!1(*-,141M!a[gw h[cqhn
! 46!&6!@6!4$%&17!!{!!@!!ƒ!!S(S!!!!!!!!!M!peivqw ejpeivsqhn/!
!
S$%! J$,?'(! 4$! ,14-#17! $%! ('%1%&$! <7! 2! %! ,! >6! $7! 1',-(&'! $%! SqhS! ($! G',21! ('?,$! $7! *$,G$#&'! #'%!
171,;12-$%&'!ShSM!
! nevmw!//////!*$,G/!nenevmhka.//////////1',/!*1(.: ejnemhvqhn
! teivnw .....!*$,G/!tevtaka.////////////1',/!*1(/M!ejtavqhn.
!
S$%!7'(!J$,?'(!$%!Sm-!#'%!*,$($%&$!,$4.*7-#14'!C1)!#12?-'(!G'%j&-#'(!-%&$,-',$(M!
! divdwmi.... dw / do! 1',/!*1(M!ejdovqhn!!!-%G/M!doqh'nai/!
! tivqhmi/////qh / qe! 1',/!*1(/!ejtevqhn!„!|eqeqhn!! -%G/!tevqhnqi
! i{hmi.........yh / ye! 1',/!*1(!/ei{qhn!!!„!|$)$@C%! -%G!/ejqh'nai
! i{sthmi.....sta/ sta! 1',!*1(/!ejstavqhn!!!!-%G/!staqh'nai.
!
S$%!17;.%'(!J$,?'(!$(&$!1',-(&'!*1(-J'!<)!$7!G.&.,'!@.$!4$!j7!4$,-J1>!($!C1!#'%(&-&.+4'!1!$=*$%(1(!4$!
71(!G',21#-'%$(!1&$23&-#1(!-%&,1%(-&-J1(!4$!1',-(&'!$%!ShSM!e[grafhn, ejfavnhn, ejstavlhn, ejcavrhn...
!

!
!! ! !
!!!! ! ! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

!
!
F9DbkQb9Q"OEDbE! $(! G,$#.$%&$! $%! ;,-$;'! 71! #'%(&,.##-:%! 4$! 71! *1(-J1! -2*$,('%17! #'%! 4$(-%$%#-1(!
2$4-1(M!Kuvro" levgetai prosivenaiM!?E+'$)%2)#+=3$):%"+')l)d%)#+=%)Q&%)E+'$)2%)6=%'=6,)
!
!
!
! !
2)/3"$7Q1$$%!$)&2)&)0)9+$#)&0J/0)/":%&0%$
'
0+'-W,-W-<-aY'2-`-<0<-aY':',-W02C.YWUG.[<-aY>'
&
I'(! ! 14A$&-J'(! @.$! -%4-#1%! 2&@+=+%"=+6D) =6(6=+#6#D) ($2+;+/+#6#,,/! %'! (.*'%$%! .%! $A(&-J%6!
(-%'! @.$! 77$J1%! .%! -%G-%-&-J'! 7-2-&1&-J'! @.$! ,$(&,-%;$! 71! #1*1#-414! 4$! 1&$%#-:%! 4$7! J$,?'6! 71!
$(G$,1!4$!1##-:%!J$,?17M!iJkanov", ejpithvdeio", deinov", avxio"...
!
b.#/!96!gScM!wJ" {Omhro" tou]to dedhvlwken, eij tw/' iJkano;" teknhrijw'sai
L#'2'!C1!2'(&,14'!$(&'!0'2$,'6!(-!*1,1!17;.%'!$(!(.G-#-$%&$!<#1*1BS#'%#-$,&1!$%!D'2/!#'%!$7!
(.A$&'!R$5%'$S>!*1,1!2'(&,1,7'!~@.$!j7!7'!C1)1!C$#C'L/!
!
E%!71&+%!J1%!($;.-4'(!4$!;$,.%4-'!'!;$,.%4-J'!$%!"#.(1&-J'!#'%!146!'!4$!(.*-%'!$%!S.!/!
_7/dB5(/[nc?MhJ oJdo;" hJ eij" avstu ejpithdei'a poreuovmenoi" kai; levgein kai; ajkouei'n.
L0/)=65+"$)36=+6)/6)=+&#6#)(6'6)/$2)Q&%)(62%6")%2)6('$(+6#$)"$)2M/$)(6'6)36;/6')2+"$)865;+9")
(6'6)%2=&=36'L,)
!
!
d+'-W,-W-<-aY'0dUY2[<Y>'
!
E7!-%G-%-&-J'!*.$4$!1*1,$#$,!$%!.%1!#'%(&,.##-:%!1?('7.&1!(-%!4$*$%4$,!4$!%-%;H%!J$,?'!
,$;$%&$/!I1!',1#-:%!($!#'%#-?$!#'%!.%!($%&-4'!,$(&,-#&-J'!'!4$!7-2-&1#-:%!*$,'!%'!$(!7'!2-(2'!
@.$!$7!#1('!4$7!-%G-%-&-J'!7-2-&1&-J'/!
"!*1,&-,!4$7!(/R!14'*&1!G',21!$(&$,$'&-*141!$%!G:,2.71(!G-A1(M!
Sto; sumpa'n eijpei'n!M!L*',!4$#-,7'!&'4'L!
SwJ" ejpo;" eijpei;nM!L*',!4$#-,7'!1(+L/!
!
!
.+'-W,-W-<-aY''.YW''ajvn>'
!!
I1!*1,&+#.71!avn!*.$4$!-,!($*1,141!4$7!-%G-%-&-J'/!!
I1!%$;1#-:%!$(!mhv .
_.$4$!&$%$,!4'(!J17',$(M!!
S9YYE"IM!!
_7/!Q,-&/!Zc[!4/M!oujk oivei avschmon avn fanei'sqai to; tou' Swkravtou" pravgma;
LvD'!#,$$(!@.$!*'4,+1!1*1,$#$,!#'2'!-%4$#','(1!71!J-,&.4!4$!F:#,1&$(xL!
S_VbEDQ9"IM!!
_7/!r$4/!iZ#///!to; tou;" filosovfou" rja/diw" avn evqelein ajpoqnh/skein.
L///71!G1#-7-414!#'%!71!@.$!7'(!G-7:('G'(!$(&1,+1%!4-(*.$(&'(!1!2',-,xL/!
!
Z+&'at$35'Y9$*6:753'45'67J676%6A:'57'Y\0.-YWGU'.Y`"2G<-a0U'!,6*x$'L+'
!
!
!
!
!

!
!! ! !
!!!! ! ! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

!
!
2)/3"$741$$!+#$"*D%0)9+#$9%,5"!%#$
!
I1(! G',21#-'%$(! 14A$&-J1(! $%! ^tevo", -teva, tevon, &-$%$%! .%! #1,3#&$,! J$,?17! ?-$%! #'%('7-414'! *',! (.!
G.%#-'%12-$%&'!$%!71!7$%;.16!1!*$(1,!4$!7'!#.17!71!;,123&-#1!&,14-#-'%17!7'(!(.$7$!4$A1,!17!21,;$%!4$7!(-(&$21!
J$,?17/!
!
!
TCR!C)C_a%^&
! Y14-#17!J$,?17!{!(.G-A'!^tevo", -teva, tevon
K"Z?%s"K^&
E7! .('! 4$! $(&'(! 14A$&-J'(! *,'%&'! ($! $=&-$%4$! #'2'! G',21#-'%$(! @.$! $=*,$(1%! '?7-;1#-:%! '! #'%J$%-$%#-1!
<#'2*1,1?7$(! 1! 71(! 71&-%1(! $%! ^%4.(6! 16! .2>6! (-$%4'! *,-2$,'! .%! (-2*7$! *,$4-#14'! $%! G,1($(! %'2-%17$(! )!
14@.-,-$%4'6!*'(&$,-',2$%&$6!.%!J17',!-2*$,('%17M!
! filetevon thvn patrivda M!36B)Q&%)656')6)/6)(68'+6,)
)
E(&1(!$=*,$(-'%$(!4$!J17',!-2*$,('%17!#'%&,-?.)$,'%!17!4$(1,,'77'!4$!.%!J17',!*1(-J'M!
! poihtevon (esti) tau'ta: M!36B)Q&%)36=%')%28$)
) fileteva ejstin hJ patriv" S)/6)(68'+6)36)#%)2%')656#6)
ejpi; tivni uJmi'n mevga fronhtevon ejstivn M! ! =$") Q&9) 5$8+:$) 36) #%) 36;%') $'1&//$) ($') :&%28'6) (6'8%) m)
=$")Q&9)5$8+:$)$2)A6=8X+2)
)
)
@.$!*.$4$!77$J1,!.%!1;$%&$!$%!41&-J'M!
! fileteva ejstin hJmi'n hJ patriv" S)/6)(68'+6)36)#%)2%')656#6)($')"$2$8'$2,)
)
I1!#'%(&,.##-:%!-2*$,('%17!(-$2*,$!$(!*'(-?7$6!#'%!J17',!4$!VdI9\"Q9}DM!
! poihtevon hJmi'n tau'ta: M!36)#%)2%')3%=3$)%28$)($')"$2$8'$2m)8%"%5$2)Q&%)36=%')%28$)
! !

!
!! ! !
!!!! ! ! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

!
!
!
2)/3"$771$$%!$):-%,"0)9+$
!
E7!92*$,1&-J'!%'!&-$%$!G.&.,'s!(.(!&,$(!&$21(!<*,$($%&$6!1',-(&'!)!*$,G$#&'>!%'!$=*,$(1%!$7!&-$2*'6!(-%'!(:7'!
'*'(-#-'%$(! 4$! 1(*$#&'/! N$($2*$51! $%! 71! #'%A.;1#-:%! .%1! G.%#-:%! #'2*1,1?7$! 1! 71! 4$7! J'#1&-J'! $%! 71!
4$#7-%1#-:%/!
!
E7!-2*$,1&-J'!%'!*,$($%&1!#1,1#&$,+(&-#1!2'417!17;.%1!)!($!.&-7-B1!$%!*,-%#-*-'!$7!&$21!4$!-%4-#1&-J's!($!(.$7$!
#1,1#&$,-B1,!#'%!2',G$21(!',-;-%17$(6!)1!1%&-;.'(!<Sqi>6!)1!141*&14'(!*',!$7!;,-$;'!<Stw, -ntw...)
~_1,1!71(!4$(-%$%#-1(!4$7!-2*$,1&-J'!Jj1($!71!G-#C1![n!4$!4$(-%$%#-1(!*$,('%17$(/!
!
EA$2*7'(!4$!G7$=-:%!4$7!-2*$,1&-J'!4$!*,$($%&$M!
!
!!!!!!!!!!!! ! ! ! !!!"bEOkb9QV!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!bEOkb9QV!
!
Z…!*/!(;/////////////////ivsqi!L(jL!!!!ivqi!!!LJjL!!!!!!!!!!! !!!!!!!!leivpe!!L4$A1L!!
c…!*6!(;.................evstw ivtw leipevtw!!!!
Z…*/!*7//////////////////evste ivte leivpete
c…*/*7///////////////////evstwn ijovntwn leipovntwn.
!
!
E7!-2*$,1&-J'!4$!*,$($%&$!-2*7-#1!#'%(-4$,1#-'%$(!4$!,$*$&-#-:%!'!4$!4$(1,,'77'!4$!71!1##-:%!!@.$!$(&3%!
1.($%&$(!$%!$7!1',-(&'/!Q.1%4'!($!$2*7$1!$7!-2*$,1&-J'!4$!*$,G$#&'!7'!@.$!($!*,$&$%4$!$(!.%!$(&14'!4$!#'(1(!
4$&$,2-%14'!
SEijrhvsqw tau'taM!L@.$!$(&'!@.$4$!4-#C'L!<)!%'!($!4-;1!%141!23(!17!,$(*$#&'>!
SKuvklo" gegravfqwM!L@.$!($1!&,1B14'!.%!#+,#.7'L/!
-skevyasqe <e6!eX>!

fuente: IES Benicalap

You might also like