1074 | Chopter 11 Figure 11-12 Schematic diagram of filler beds ilustating potenti! increase in storage copocity: (a) single medi, (b) dual medium, and ke moliinedium, Advanced Wastewater Treatnent Grain siza ‘medium bed Tone ot interning Grain size (b} Cress seston though dual medium bed Zoreoh intermixing 7 Gain size (2 Cress section through mutimedi bed sand. The clean filtrate exits from the sand bed, overflows a weir, and is discharged from the filter. At the same time sand particles, along with trapped solids, are drawn downward into the suction of an airlift pipe that is positioned in the center of the filter, ‘A small volume of compressed air. introduced inta the bottom of the aiclift, draws sand, solids, and weter upward through the pipe by cfeating a fluid with a density less than 1 Impurities are scoured (abraded) from the sand particles during the turbulent upward flow. Upon reaching the top of the stlift, the dirty slumry spills ever into the central reject compartment. By setting the filtrate weir above the reject weir, a steady stream of clean filtrate flows upward, countercurrent to the movement of sand, through the washer section, The upflow liquid carties away the solids and reject water. Because the sand has a higher seilling velocity than the removed solids, the sand is not carried out of the filter, The sand is cleaned further as it moves down through the washer. The Geaned sand is redistributed onto the top of the sand bed, allewing for a continuous uninterrupted flow of filtrate and reject water. Pulsed-Bed Filters. The pulsed-bed filter (see Figs. L1-Lle and 11-14) is a pro- prietary dowalow gravity filer with an unstratified shallow layer of fine sand asthe fl-Backwash reject water weie Air am\) os 11-4 Selection ond Design Considerations for Depth Fiters 1075 Aline eject compartment Effivent weir NT Inflvent {a} Figure 11-13 Deepbed upfiow continuous backwash fille: (0) schematic view and (b) view of test unit with older style influent feed system. Note: The influent feed assembly wil vay depending on the fiter configuration {see Fig. 11-22). (Courtesy: Porkson Corporation) tering medium, The shallow bed is used for solids storage, as opposed to other shallow- bed filters where solids are principally stored on the sand surface. An unusual feature of this filter is the use of an air pulse to disrupt the sand surface and thus allow pene- tration of suspended solids into the bed. The air pulse process involves forcing a vol- ume of air, rapped in the underdrain system, up through the shallow filter bed to break up the surface mat of solids and renew the sand surface. When the solids mat is dis- turbed, some of the trapped material is suspended into the admixture over the sand, but the majority of solids are entrapped within the filter bed. The intermittent air pulse causes a folding over the sand surface, burying solids within the medium and regener- ating the filter bed surface. The filter continues to operate with intermittent pulsing until terminal headloss limit is reached. The filter then operates in a conventional backwash cycle to remove solids from the sand. It should be noted that during normal operation the filter underdrain is not flooded as itis in a conventional filter. Traveling-Bridge Filters. The traveling-bridge filter (see Figs. 11-IIf and 11-15) is a proprietary continuous downflow, automatic backwash, low-head, granular medium-depth filter. The bed of the filter is divided horizontally into long independent1076 | Chapter 11 Advanced Wastewater Trealment Ini box wih proportioning wor Concrete steel Single grace. “fuer a dtuscr Crearwellfitate storage) Figure 11-14 Schematic view of pulsedbed filer. (Courtesy of U.S. Fier.) Figure 11-15 Traveling bridge fier Courtesy: Aqua Taveling iridge Aerobic, incj influent Waahwater creme vende gh / ever | onerna fn q outlet a é \ iver backvadhpune Mega Porous alent vr formalesmnon wor filter cells, Each filter celi consams approximately 280:mm (11 in) of medium. Treated wastewater flows through the mediom by gravity and exits to the clearwell plenum via, a porous-plate, polyethylene underdrain, Each cell is backwashed individuelly by an ovethead, traveling-bridge assenibly, while all other cells remain in service, Weter used for backwashing is pumped directly from the clearwell pienum up through the medium and deposited in a hackwash cough, During the backwash cycle, wastewater is filtered continuously through the cells that are not being backwashed. The backwash mecha- nism includes a surface wash pump (u assist in breaking up of the surface matting and