Primary Sources

"Architect's Death Shocks President." ​The Washington Herald,​ 2 June 1912, pp.

3. ​Chronicling America​, chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83045433/

1912-06-02/ed-1/seq-3/. Accessed 17 Jan. 2019.

This newspaper article can be used to represent the importance of Burnham’s work. The

article reads off a telegram from the President of the United States, him stating his shock at

Burnham’s death and how impressed he was with Burnham’s designing skill. This is relevant to

the Burnham Plan because it further cements how importance the Plan and one of its authors

were. The source is also reliable as it was published in a respectable newspaper.

Burnham, Daniel, and Edward Herbert Bennett. ​Plan of Chicago​. Commercial Club of

Chicago, 1908. ​https://archive.org/details/planofchicagopre00comm/page/n21

Accessed 25 Oct. 2018.

This book is the actual publication of the official Plan of Chicago by Daniel Burnham.

The book details the plan, describing the different things that it hopes to achieve. The book

describes how the plan worked to create new and widened streets, parks, new railroad and harbor

facilities, and civic buildings. The book also detailed a prediction for how it will successfully

renovate Chicago. The source is extremely reliable and credible because it details the official

plan and hopes, written by Daniel Burnham himself. This book will help provide an insight into

the goals of the Burnham Plan and what it hoped to achieve, and it will allow a comparison to

what was actually achieved.

Burnham, Daniel. Letter to Edward Bennett. 17 Oct. 1910,

edwardbennett.lakeforest.edu/items/show/25. Accessed 1 Feb. 2019

This letter showcases Burnham’s reaction at the popularity of the 1909 Plan of Chicago at

a Town Planning Conference. The enthusiastic response of the people at the conference helps

show the powerful ideas of the plan. This helps showcase why the Plan had such a long-term

impact on planning, with its ideas being so effective that future Chicago projects would be

advised by them. This source is very reliable as it is a correspondence between the two authors of

the Plan.

Moody, Walter Dwight, and Charles Henry Wacker. ​Wacker's Manual of the Plan of

​Chicago.​ Calumet Publishing Company. ​Forgotten Books​, Calumet

Publishing Company, www.forgottenbooks.com/en/readbook/

WackersManualofthePlanofChicago_10071177#4. Accessed 25 Oct. 2018.

Wacker’s Manual is a manual for eighth graders in Chicago that promoted Burnham’s

Plan of Chicago. The manual outlines stories for the greatness of Chicago and describes the plans

for city renovation, all in order to raise support for the Plan of Chicago. The manual also

provides an outlook into the intended outcome of the Plan. This source can help create an outside

view into the intended effectiveness of the plan, as this is a source that intended to rally the

support of others. The commercially educational use of the book also provides an insight into

how support was rallied for this reshaping of Chicago.

"Taft Pays Tribute." ​The Evening Star​, 2 June 1912. ​Chronicling America​,

chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83045462/1912-06-02/ed-1/seq-16/. Accessed 31 Jan.

2019.

This newspaper article specifically shows the immediate impact of Burnham’s work and

his plan. The attitudes conveyed in the article, which speaks of his death, showcases that with his

ideas, he gained respect and a reputation as a talented city planner. Along with this, the article’s

content, along with the fact that it was written 3 years after the plan was published, shows that

the plan didn’t have many immediate effects on the city. This will be useful for the project in

conveying the impact of the plan was a long-term over time effect rather than immediate change.

The article is also reliable as it is written in the Evening Star, which is a reputable newspaper

company,
 Secondary Sources

"1909 Plan of Chicago." ​Chicago Architecture Center​, 2018, www.architecture.org/

learn/resources/architecture-dictionary/entry/1909-plan-of-chicago/.

Accessed 25 Oct. 2018.

In this website, it talks more in depth about what Burnham Plan created and the length of

where it was being constructed. It provides such information as the fact that there were six

categories that the Burnham Plan was focused on. The information in this source is reliable

because the organization who put this website up is people who study architecture, and they also

have credibility as they operate a museum open to the public based on Chicago architecture.

Bachrach, Julia. ​Daniel H. Burnham and Chicago‘s Parks​. 2008,

www.chicagoparkdistrict.com/sites/default/files/images/page/burnham.pdf.

Accessed 14 Nov. 2018.

This pamphlet, written to inform on the development of parks throughout Chicago’s

history, specifically focuses on the influences of Daniel Burnham and the ideals that he had for

his plan. It specifically describes various park developments from the time of the plan being

published and decades afterwards. Specifically describing parks developed, this pamphlet

showcases the effects of Burnham’s influential ideas from the plan. This source is useful and

reliable as it showcases the successes of the park-developing side of the plan both initially and

for years after, while also being written by a Chicago Park District historian.
Benzkofer, Stephan. "Daniel Burnham: The man with a plan." ​The Chicago Tribune,​

3 Nov. 2013. ​Chicago Tribune​, www.chicagotribune.com/news/

ct-per-flash-burnham-1103-20131103-27-story.html. Accessed 17 Jan. 2019.

This article is written to reflect on the impacts of the Burnham Plan while also speaking

about the lack of fame Burnham had obtained from the unveiling of the Plan even though it was

a widespread and important document. The article presents multiple examples of immediate

implementations of the plan in the planning of Chicago, making it useful for our project’s review

of the Plan’s legacy and impact. The source is reliable due it being from the Chicago Tribune,

which is a respectable newspaper. The Tribune proves even more reliability with this article as it

reflects on its own past-articles on Burnham from the time that he unveiled the Plan.

"Daniel Burnham and the 1909 Plan of Chicago." ​After Burnham,​ Word Press, 2018,

afterburnham.com/daniel-burnham-2/. Accessed 14 Nov. 2018.

This website talks about more about the Burnham Plan. It talks about his partnership with

John Wellborn Root and what their plan was and what they wanted to create out of it. This

website also has maps and images of their plan and where it is going to take place. There is also

images of what it is suppose to look like. This source is reliable because the website was made

by college professors who study urban areas. The source will be helpful for our research because

it give more information and gives images/maps of the plan.

DiJohn, Joseph, and Karin Allen. "The Burnham Transportation Plan of Chicago:

100 Years Later." ​The Burnham Transportation Plan of Chicago: 100 Years

Later,​ 17 Mar. 2009, utc.uic.edu/wp-content/uploads/

BurnhamTransportation-100-years-later_paper.pdf. Accessed 15 Nov. 2018

In this article made by University of Illinois at Chicago professors’, talks about Daniel

Burnham’s contributions and his plan. It also talks about what Chicago was like before the

Burnham Plan. Daniel’s Burnham contribution about transportation really helped Chicago

flourish. This source is useful because this source provides information before and after the plan

was implemented. The source is also reliable because the authors, Joseph DiJohn and Karin

Allen, are professors and director/manager of the Urban Transportation Center in University of

Illinois at Chicago.

DiJohn, Joseph, and Karin Allen. "The Burnham Transportation Plan of Chicago:

100 Years Later." ​The Burnham Transportation Plan of Chicago: 100 Years

Later,​ 17 Mar. 2009, utc.uic.edu/wp-content/uploads/

BurnhamTransportation-100-years-later_paper.pdf. Accessed 15 Nov. 2018

In this article made by University of Illinois at Chicago professors’, talks about Daniel

Burnham’s contributions and his plan. It also talks about what Chicago was like before the

Burnham Plan. Daniel’s Burnham contribution about transportation really helped Chicago

flourish. This source is useful because this source provides information before and after the plan

was implemented. The source is also reliable because the authors, Joseph DiJohn and Karin

Allen, are professors and director/manager of the Urban Transportation Center in University of

Illinois at Chicago.
Donovan, Deborah. "Daniel Burnham's Most Enduring Legacy Had Impact on the

Suburbs." ​Daily Herald,​ 19 July 2009, prev.dailyherald.com/story/

?id=307769. Accessed 15 Nov. 2018.

In this article by the Daily Herald talks about the impacts and legacy of Daniel Burnham

on the suburb population. It says that it helped the growth of the population and talks about why

Burnham got interested in Chicago. This source is useful because it adds detail that none of the

other sources had. This information is reliable because it is made by the Daily Herald who are a

major newspaper company based in Chicago.

Greenough, Nan. “Burnham Plan Centennial.” ​Winnetka Historical Society​, 2008,

www.winnetkahistory.org/gazette/burnham-plan-centennial/.

In this section of the gazette, talks about that the Burnham plan help shape the Chicago

community, who created the plan, Daniel Burnham, who will well known as the person who

created the image of the Community in the Chicago area. It also talked about who helped him

develop the architecture. This source is useful because it gives a good analysis what the Burnham

Plan is and what it created. This source is reliable because first this source is from a Gazette

which is a magazine and the author is an Landmark preservationist.

Kamin, Blair. "He helped bring city's Plan to life." ​Chicago Tribune​, 4

July 2009, www.chicagotribune.com/news/

ct-xpm-2009-07-04-0907030161-story.html . Accessed 25 Oct. 2018.

In this article made by the Chicago Tribune, Kamin talks about the men created the

Burnham Plan and how it wasn’t just Daniel Burnham, but Edward Bennett also contributing. It

emphasized how both men worked to create the vision of the Plan rather than just Burnham, who

usually gets the credit. This source is credible as it was written in the Chicago Tribune by Blair

Kamin, who is an architecture critic. The source is also useful as it emphasizes the importance of

the legacy of the plan and how all contributors need to be recognized for this Plan that held a

great architectural legacy.

Lasher, Aric, Sam Roche, Janice Metzger, and Donald Whitfield. "Authors Weigh in on

Burnham's Plan of Chicago." ​WBEZ News,​ hosted by Robert Loerzel, WBEZ 95.1

Chicago, 10 Nov. 2009. ​WBEZ 91.5Chicago,​

www.wbez.org/shows/wbez-news/authors-weigh-in-on-burnhams-plan-of-chicago/

edcef5fb-8caa-459f-8361-f5a853ba9c46. Interview.

In this radio broadcast, four authors who write about architecture and Chicago planning

are interviewed, leading a discussion on the legacy of the plan. They discuss what the plan was

able to accomplish, while also emphasizing how the ideas of the plan were able to impact future

planning of the city. This interview can be used as a source to further describe the long-term

impacts of the plan.

McClendon, Dennis. ​The Plan of Chicago​. The Burnham Plan Centennial, 2009.

The Burnham Plan Centennial,​ burnhamplan100.lib.uchicago.edu/files/

content/documents/Plan_of_Chicago_booklet.pdf. Accessed 14 Nov. 2018.

In this booklet, it addresses the impacts of the Burnham plan and goes even more depth

into the plan. It also talks about Daniel Burnham's visions and what he is actually going to

implement in his plan. Each idea in his plan goes more in depth. This booklet also has images

and maps of the his plans. It also talks about his Legacy which also falls in with the impacts the

Burnham plan/ Daniel Burnham had of the Chicago metropolitan area. This source is reliable

because the author of this booklet is part of the Chicago Cartographics. The source goes more in

depth in everything in his plan and there are pictures and maps of the plan.

Smith, Carl. "About Daniel Burnham." ​Chicago Public Library,​ Chicago Public

Library, 2009, www.chipublib.org/about-daniel-burnham/. Accessed 17 Jan.

2019.

In the article created by the Chicago Public Library, talks about Daniel Burnham's early

life and his path to become an architect. It talks about the colleges he went to in order to become

an architect. In addition, it talks about the projects and designs that he created. This article is

reliable as the author, Carl Smith, is a history professor from Northwestern and has written

multiple books about Chicago.

"The Edward H. Bennett Collection." ​The Edward H. Bennett Collection,​ Lake Forest College,

edwardbennett.lakeforest.edu/bennettexhibit. Accessed 17 Jan. 2019.

This exhibit presents an exhibit on the life and work of Edward H. Bennett, one of the

two co-authors of the 1909 Plan of Chicago. It presents a timeline-based biography on Bennett’s

life, showcasing his path to architecture and showing how he paired with Burnham to create the

plan. This source is reliable as it was created based on research and actual sources collected from

Bennett’s family in order to build a narrative on Bennett’s work and life.