Comprehensive Guide to CDS Combined Defence Services Exam by UPSC . aN Brel ial @ Mathematics yevtrmnted (loci | oor ie ; © English eg Level 2 att og © General Knowledge “Seiad? “Waileaa Nurturing Ambitions Comprehensive Guide to CDS COMBINED DEFENCE SERVICES mus EXAM BY UPSC eee Mathematics | English | General Knowledge PEM TOMASO CE nett PAC Ce meee uae pant a eo PDC) FREE STUDY MATERIALS DOWNLOAD #2 & fetq gdt Aaurge VISIT @t : WWW.SARKARIPOST.IN: Head Office : 8-32, Shivalik Main Road, Malviya Nagar, New Delhi-110017 . Sales Office : 8-48, Shivalik Main Road, Malviya Nagar, New Delhi-110017 Tel. : 011-26691021 / 26691713 ‘Typeset by Disha DTP Team OE | DISHA PUBLICATION ALL RIGHTS RESERVED © Copyright Publisher ‘No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form without prior permission of the author and the publisher. 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HEDIDD 1: Witeeach oft folowing numeratsin words. Ten Crares | Tex Lacs | Ten ‘Thoussiils_ | Hundreds ] Ten Units Crares Lacs Thousands 0 6 3 8 3 4 9 @ 2 5 7 7 T 7 (i, 5 5 a T 6 0 0 8 ™ 6 T 7 v 7 7 Solution: The given numerals in words ate: TYPES OF NUMBER @ _Sixtac thirty-eight thousand five husred fOrfy-Aine. Gi Twenty-three lac eighty thousind imine. hundred seventeen, (Eight crove fity-four lacGixucemahousand eight. Gy) Filly-six crore thirteginlac seven thousand ninety Face value and Placeivalue (or Local Value) of a Digit In aNumeral (@ The face valuc of digit in a numeral is its own value at whatever place it may be Ex In the numeral 6872, the fa value of 7 is 7, the face value of 8 is 8 and the face value of 6 is 6. (Ina given numeral Place value of unit digit Place value of tens digit Place value of hundreds di value of is 2, the face (unit digit) x 1 (tens digit) x 10, git = (hundred's digit) x 100 and so on, Ex In the numeral 70984, we have Place value of 4= (4 x 1) = 4 Place value of 8 = (8 * 10) = 80, Place value of 9 = (9 * 100) = 900, Place value of 7 = (7 10000) = 70000, NOTE: Place value of 0 in a given numral is 0, at whatever place tt may be Natural Numbers ‘These are the numbers (1, 2, 3, ete.) that arc used for counting. + ‘There are infinite natural numbers and the smallest natural number is one (1), Even numbers Natural numbers which are divisible Thus2,4, 6 8, ‘+ Smallest even number is 2. + Thereisno largest even number. (Odd numbers Natural numbers which are not divisible by 2 are odd numbers Thus 1, 3,5, 7. are all odd numbers, + Smallest odd number is 1 + Thereisno largest odd number. 2are even numbers, are all even numbers, Based on divisibility, there could be two types of natural numbers : G@) Prime numbers : Natural numbers which haveexactly two factors, ie, Land the number itselfare called prime numbers. ‘The lowest prime numbers 2 2 isalso the only even prime number ©) Composite numbers : Natural numbers which haveatleast ‘one divisor different from unity and itself are called composite numbers FREE STUDY MATERIALS DOWNLOAD wea & fq garet Saarge VISIT Bt : WWW.SARKARIPOST.INNumber System + Every composite number can be factorised into its prime factors, Ex. 24=2*2%2%3, Hence,24isa compositenumber. ‘Thesmallest composite number is4 Whole Numbers ‘The natural numbers along with zero (0), form the system of whole rumbers, ‘Thus, 1,2,3, + There is no largest whole number + Thesmallest whole number is 0 are whole numbers. Integers The nuunber system consisting ofnatural numbers their negative and zero is called integers, Ths, ., 3,-2.1. 0, 1, 2,3,» are all integers. + ‘Thesmallest and the largest integers cannot be determina “~ = Remember Lisneither primenor composite Lisan odd integer. 4 Oisneither postive nor negative 0 isan even integer. + + Disprime & even both, ¢_Allprime numbers (except2) areodd. The number line ‘The mumber lincisa straight line between negatiyé infinityor the left to positive infinity on the right “32-1 0 1s Real Numbers All numbers that ean be repsenieddon the number line are called real numbers + Real numbers= Ratio numbers (a) Rational numbers Irrational numbers. ‘A number that can be written in the form ©, wherep and a « are integers and q #0. is calleda rational number: Here, piscalledthenumerator and qiscalled the denominate. Every integers a rational number. + Zero (0)is also a rational number. + ‘The smallest and largest rational numbers cannot be determined. + Every faction (and decimal faction) is a rational number. If and y are two rational numbers, then ~—> is alsoa rational number and its value lies between the given two rational numbers x and y An infinite number of rational numbers ean be determined between any two rational numbers. Istrational number 2nd rational number (Le,, between 3 and 4) 344_7 22 3rdrational number (i.e., beoween 4 and 5) 445.9 2 2 (b) Irrational numbers The numbers whi@h are AGbrational or which cannot be expressedsilthe fort “ where p and q are integers and <4 Migcalled an rational number Exp y2NS.V5,2 + 3.35, 3V5 ave irrational numbers, NOTE : (Every positive irrational number has a negative irrational number corresponding (it (i) Pa fieys V5-V3 42 Pr Bp Wisin a8 Some times, product of two irrational numbers is a rational number. Be: Bx 2+ VD x0-V5) xd =2 ay ~(3) Both rational and irrational numbers can be represented on ‘number line Everyreal number is either rational or irrational, PRIME NUMBERS We know that a number other than 1 is ealled.a prime number if it is divisible by only 1 and itself So, all prime numbers less than 100 are: 2,3,5,7, 11,1317, 19,23,29, 31, 37,41,43,47,93, 99,61, 67, 71,73, 79,83,89,97 FREE STUDY MATERIALS DOWNLOAD 2 & feta garet daerge VISIT @t : WWWSARKARIPOSTIN