Introduction to Transport Phenomena Home Assignment 12-02-2018 1. Ammonia, NH, is selectively removed from an air-NH; mixture by absorption into water. In this Pege | steady-state process, ammonia is transferred by molecular diffusion through a stagnant gas layer 2 em thick and then through a stagnant water layer I em thick. The concentration of ammonia atthe outer 220, Yuua = 0.0842 XAXRMASARSS boundary of the gas layer is 3.42 mole percent and the concentration at the lower boundary of the water layer is essentially zero. The temperature of the system is 15° C and the total pressure on the system is 1 atm. The concentration at the interface between the gas and the liquid phases is given by the following equilibrium dat Equilibrium Data for Ammonia in Air over Aqueous Solutions an(mm Hi 15. ToS [prvo(mm Hg) i} 50 = cxnmolem (10) | 6. TH 200 — Determine the rate of diffusion of ammonia. At 15° C, the diffusivity of ammonia in air is 0.215 em’'s and in liquid water it is 1.77*10* ems. t. Compare 2. In the treatment of wastewater, chlorine gas is bubbled through water as a disinfectiny of the time that is required for 1 mole of chlorine to diffuse through 2 S-mm_ thick (@) air at 289 (b) liquid water at 289K: when the chlorine concentration levels are 0.04 mol/m’ on the one edge of the film and 0.01 mol/m’ on the other edge. ‘The pressure on the system is 1.013%10* Pa. 3. Ina hot combustion chamber, oxygen diffuses through ai CO and/or CO: The mole fraction of oxygen at z= 0 is 0.21. The rea to be instantaneous. No reaction occurs in the gas film. to make 10 the carbon surface where it rea iction at the surface may be assumed Determine the rate of oxygen diffusion per hour through one square meter of area if(a) only carbon monoxide is produced at the carbon surface: (b) only carbon dioxide is produced at the carbon surfaces () the following instantaneous reaction occurs at the carbon surface: 4C+30;—» 2€0+2C0, 4. An ethanol/water vapor misture is being rectified by contact with an alcohol/water liquid solution. ‘The alcohol is transferred from the liquid to the vapor phase and the water is transferred in the opposite direction. Both components are diffusing though a gas film 0.1 mm thick. The temperature is 368 K and the pressure is 1.013%10* Pa, At that temperature, the latent heat af vaporization of the alcohol and water are 1.122*10° J/kg and 2.244%10° J/kg, respectively. The mole fraction of ethanol is 0.80 on one side of ‘the gas film and 0.20 on the other side of the film, Calculate the rate of diffusion of ethanol and of water in kg/s through one square meter of area, 5. The following sketch illustrates the gas phase diffusion in the neighborhood of a catalytic surface, Component A diffuses through a stagnant film to the catalytic surface where it is instantaneously converted to B. The product B diffuses away from the catalytic surface, back though the stagnant film. (@) If the reaction on the surface is A B, determine an equation that will predict the concentration profile; ie. y, at various z levels, (b) Ifthe reaction on the surface is A~~~-3B, determine an equation that will predict the concentration profile, 8. A liquid mixture of A and B is being separated by a distillation operation. The more volatile component A is transferred from the liquid phase into the vapor phase while B is transferred in the ‘opposite direction. Both components are diffusing though a gas film 1 in. thick. At the temperature of the system, the difference in the latent heats of vaporization for the two compounds predicts that 2 ‘mol of A will vaporize per mole of B that is condensing. The mole traction of A is 0.8 at one side of the film and 0.3 on the other side. Page | 2Determine an equation that will predict the concentration in mole fraction of A at various distances,z, from the liquid surface. 6. A tank containing water has its top open to the air. The tank is cylindrical with pan ener meltne diameter of Lm 9g 5 The liquid level is maintained at a level 1 m below the top ofthe tank as shown in sketch (a) a (a) (b) (a) How many moles of water are lost per hour if dry air at 310 K is blown across the top of the tank? (b) It is proposed to add a tapered top to this water tank as shown in sketch (b). What will be the loss per hour in this case if dry air at 310 K is blown across the top of the tank? 7. An early mass-transfer study of oxygen transport in human tissue won a Nobel prize for August Krough. By considering a tissue cylinder surrounding each blood vessel, he proposed that the diffusion of oxygen away from the blood vessel into the annular tissue was accompanied by a zero-order reaction: that is Rx=m, where m is a constant. The reaction was necessary to e: lain the metabolic consumption of the oxygen to produce carbon dioxide. Since the tissue cylinders were believed to be arranged in a hexagonal bundle, the following boundary conditions were suggested: ae atr=R,, at r= Rj, pa= Pan the average oxygen pressure between the arterial and venous ends of the blood vessel $24 = 0, due tothe idemical oxy! n luxes from the neighboring tissue cylinders Determine the concentration profile, py, as a function of r, and the Muy of oxygen that enters the tissue cylinder, 8. A pulverized coal particle burns in air at 1145 K. The process is limited by dill MW of the oxygen counterflow to the CO) and CO that are formed at the particle surface. Twice as much CO is formed as CO; Assume that the coal is pure earbon with a density of 1280 ky swith an initial diameter of 0.015 em. Air (21 mole% sphere, cm’ and that the particle is spherical oxygen) exists several diameters away from the Under the conditions of the combustion process, the ditt ivity of oxygen in the gas mixture may be assumed to be 10% m’/s. Determine the time that is necessary to reduce the diameter to 0.005 em.