Graficas Intercambiadores (NTU) PDF

ESDU 98005Issued July 1998
With Amendments A to C
October 2007
Supersedes ESDU 91036
Supersedes in part
ESDU 89016
ESDU 87020
ESDU 88021
Design and performance evaluation

of heat exchangers:
ESDU Copyright material. For current status contact ESDU.
The effectiveness – NTU method
Part 3: Graphical and analytical data
Endorsed by
The Institution of Chemical Engineers
The Institution of Mechanical Engineers
ESDU 98005
ESDU DATA ITEMS
Data Items provide validated information in engineering design and analysis for use by, or under the supervision
of, professionally qualified engineers. The data are founded on an evaluation of all the relevant information, both
published and unpublished, and are invariably supported by original work of ESDU staff engineers or consultants.
The whole process is subject to independent review for which crucial support is provided by industrial companies,
government research laboratories, universities and others from around the world through the participation of some
of their leading experts on ESDU Technical Committees. This process ensures that the results of much valuable
work (theoretical, experimental and operational), which may not be widely available or in a readily usable form, can
be communicated concisely and accurately to the engineering community.
We are constantly striving to develop new work and review data already issued. Any comments arising out of your
use of our data, or any suggestions for new topics or information that might lead to improvements, will help us to
provide a better service.
THE PREPARATION OF THIS DATA ITEM
The work on this particular Data Item was monitored and guided by the Working Party on behalf of the Heat
Transfer Steering Group.
Prof. P.J. Heggs — UMIST

Mr G.H. Walter — Independent.
This Heat Transfer Steering Group first met in 1966 and now has the following membership:
Chairman
Prof. P.J. Heggs — UMIST
Vice-Chairman
Dr R. Cheesewright — Brunel University
Members
Dr T.R. Bott — Birmingham University
Eur. Ing. R.J. Brogan — HTFS, Hyprotech
Eur. Ing. T.J. Loraine — Stone & Webster Engineering Ltd
Dr A.C. Pauls* — Independent
Mr R.E. Sacks — Air Products Ltd
Dr J. Taborek* — Independent
Eur. Ing. M.A. Taylor — Independent
Mr G.H. Walter — Independent
Dr D. Wilkie — Independent.
*
Corresponding Member
This Data Item is one of a group that supersedes Data Items developed for ESDU under contract by
Mr J.A. Ward — Harwell Laboratory
who undertook the technical work involved in the assessment of the available information and the construction and
subsequent development of the original Data Items.
The members of Staff involved with the reassessment of the data, the incorporation of new data for plate-type
exchangers (provided by Mr J.A. Ward) and the development of the new group of Data Items were
Mr S.J. Garvey — Engineer

Mr M.J. Hirt — Engineer
Mr S.J. Pugh — Head of Thermofluids Group.
The person with overall responsibility for the work in this subject area is Mr S.J. Pugh, Head of Thermofluids Group.
ESDU 98005
DESIGN AND PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF HEAT EXCHANGERS:
THE EFFECTIVENESS – NTU METHOD
PART 3: GRAPHICAL AND ANALYTICAL DATA
CONTENTS
Page
1. NOTATION AND UNITS 1
2. PURPOSE AND SCOPE 2

3. GUIDE TO PRESENTATION OF DATA 3

3.1 Heat Exchanger Family Groups and Key to Index of Geometries 3
3.2 How to Use the Index of Geometries 4
3.2.1 Summary 4
3.2.2 Reference information 4
3.2.3 Relationship between E, NTU and C* 5
3.2.4 Asymptotic expressions 5
3.2.5 Empirical relationship coefficients 5
3.2.6 Acronym Definition 6
4. INDEX OF GEOMETRIES FOR BASIC CONFIGURATIONS 7

4.1 Pure Counter- and Co-current Flows 7
5. INDEX OF GEOMETRIES FOR CROSSFLOW CONFIGURATIONS 8

5.1 Crossflow, Single-pass Configurations, Various Mixing Assumptions 8
5.2 Crossflow, Multi-pass, Unmixed Flow in Exchanger - Counter-current 8
5.3 Crossflow, Multi-pass, Unmixed Flow in Exchanger - Co-current 9
5.4 Crossflow, Tubular Exchangers, Single-pass 10
5.5 Crossflow, Tubular Exchangers, Multi-pass - Counter-current 11
5.6 Crossflow, Tubular Exchangers, Multi-pass - Co-current 12
6. INDEX OF GEOMETRIES FOR SERPENTINE CONFIGURATIONS 13

6.1 Serpentine - Counter-current 13
6.2 Serpentine - Co-current 14
7. INDEX OF GEOMETRIES FOR SHELL-AND-TUBE CONFIGURATIONS 15

7.1 Single E-shell 15
7.2 Multiple E-shells 16
7.3 Single F-shell 17
7.4 Single G-shell 17
7.5 Single J-shell 18
7.6 Multiple J-shells 19
7.7 Single X-shell 19
i
ESDU 98005
8. INDEX OF GEOMETRIES FOR PLATE-TYPE CONFIGURATIONS 20
8.1 One Pass/One Pass, Counter-current (1 of Nch,1 versus 1 of Nch,2) 20
8.2 One Pass/One Pass, Co-current (1 of Nch,1 versus 1 of Nch,2) 20
9. DERIVATION AND REFERENCES 21

9.1 Derivation 21
9.2 References 21
10. DATA FOR BASIC CONFIGURATIONS 22
11. DATA FOR CROSSFLOW CONFIGURATIONS 26

11.1 Crossflow, Single-pass, Various mixing Assumptions 26
11.2 Crossflow, Multi-pass, Unmixed Flow in Exchanger – Counter-current 34
11.3 Crossflow, Multi-pass, Unmixed Flow in Exchanger – Co-current 38
11.4 Crossflow, Tubular Configurations, Single-pass 46

11.5 Crossflow, Tubular Configurations, Multi-pass – Counter-current 64
11.6 Crossflow, Tubular Exchangers, Multi-pass – Co-current 78
12. DATA FOR SERPENTINE CONFIGURATIONS 122

12.1 Serpentine, Counter-current 122
12.2 Serpentine, Co-current 138
13. DATA FOR SHELL-AND-TUBE CONFIGURATIONS 150

13.1 Single E-shell 150
13.2 Multiple E-shells 172
13.3 Single F-shells 194
13.4 Single G-shells 202
13.5 Single J-shells 206
13.6 Multiple J-shells 232
13.7 Single X-shells 248
14. DATA FOR PLATE-TYPE CONFIGURATIONS 252

14.1 One Pass/One Pass, Counter-current 252
14.2 One Pass/One Pass, Co-current 258
ii
ESDU 98005
DESIGN AND PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF HEAT EXCHANGERS:
THE EFFECTIVENESS – NTU METHOD
PART 3: GRAPHICAL AND ANALYTICAL DATA
1. NOTATION AND UNITS
Two sets of self-consistent units are given.
Units
SI British
C* thermal capacity ratio, defined in Section 4.2.3 of Part 1 – –
cp specific heat capacity J/kg K Btu/lb°F
E thermal effectiveness, defined in Section 4.2.1 of Part 1 – –

· mass flow rate kg/s lb/h
M
Np number of thermal plates – –
N TU number of heat transfer units, defined in Section 4.2.2 of – –

Part 1
S number of shells – –
Y ratio of potential for heat transfer across baffle and between – –

streams in F-shell heat exchanger (defined in Section 4.5.1 of
Part 2)
Subscripts
asymp value as N TU tended towards
larger larger value of parameter in streams
smaller smaller value of parameter in streams
1 refers to stream number 1 or location 1
2 refers to stream number 2 or location 2
Note:
A number of additional symbols are defined and used in the algebraic expressions presented in the
data tables.
Issued July 1998

With Amendments A to C, October 2007
1
ESDU 98005
2. PURPOSE AND SCOPE
This is the third of a group of Data Items concerning the effectiveness (E) - number of heat transfer units
( N TU ) method for the thermal analysis of two-stream heat exchangers. Aspects of the method presented
in the Data Items in the group are as follows.
Data Item
Title Description
Number
98003 Part 1. Introduction Description and overview of the E– N TU method.

98004 Part 2. Comparison of Comparative performance and performance
performance of various limitations of particular heat exchanger
configurations and selection of configurations.
configurations presented in
Part 3
98005 Part 3. Graphical representation Data required to use the method. The range of
heat exchangers covered includes pure
counter-current, pure co-current, crossflow,
shell-and-tube and plate heat exchanger
configurations.
98006 Part 4. Case studies Case studies, incorporating all elements of the
method presented.
98007 Part 5. Analytical techniques Numerical and algebraic techniques for relating
heat transfer effectiveness, E, to the number of
heat transfer units, N TU .
This Data Item provides graphical and analytical data for a wide range of practical heat exchanger types
and configurations. To allow the engineer rapid access to the data this Item is divided into the following
main sections.
Section 3 A guide to the presentation of the data, which are presented in “family groups” based on
exchanger types (see Sketch 3.1), and guidance on the use of the Index of Geometries
(see Section 3.2).
Sections 4 For each family group there is an Index of Geometries, in which each particular
to 8 configuration is identified by a concise description and is assigned a unique acronym
(see Section 3.2.6).
Sections 10 For each exchanger family group the E – N TU data are presented in data sheet form,
to 14 where for each configuration graphical information is presented on right hand pages and
a detailed description is presented on facing left hand pages.
2
3. GUIDE TO PRESENTATION OF DATA
3.1 Heat Exchanger Family Groups and Key to Index of Geometries
BASIC CONFIGURATION (Section 4) SERPENTINE CONFIGS (Section 6) PLATE-TYPE CONFIGS. (Section 8)
One-pass/one pass
Pure counter-current Counter-current (6.1) counter-current (8.1)
(4.1)
Pure co-current Co-current (6.2) One pass/one pass,
(4.1) co-current (8.2)
CROSSFLOW CONFIGURATIONS (Section 5) SHELL-AND-TUBE CONFIGURATIONS (Section 7)
Single-pass, various mixing assumptions (5.1) E-Shells J-Shells

Single (7.1) Single (7.5)
3
Multi-pass, unmixed Multiple (7.2)

in exchanger Multiple (7.6)
Counter-current (5.2)
Co-current (5.3)
Single F-shell (7.3) Single X-shell (7.7)
ESDU 98005
Tubular crossflow exchangers
Single-pass (5.4) Multi-pass, counter-current (5.5)
Multi-pass, co-current (5.6)
Single G-shell (7.4)
Sketch 3.1 Schematic diagram of heat exchanger family groups

ESDU 98005
3.2 How to Use the Index of Geometries
3.2.1 Summary
Each unique heat exchanger configuration is identified in Sections 4, 5, 6 and 7 by its location within its
family group (see Sketch 3.1) and by its reference information. For each configuration a unique acronym
is provided that is noted on the data sheets and graphs.
For all exchanger configurations (as applicable) the following information is stated:
• the flow configuration,
• the number of tube or flow channel passes,
• the stream mixing assumptions,

• the number of tube rows per pass,
• the pass connections,
• the number of shells and their configuration (shell-and-tube configurations only),
• the number of baffles (shell-and-tube configurations only),

·
• the position of ( M c p ) smaller .
Graphical and analytical data are provided for each exchanger configuration in data sheet form. For a single
configuration, the reference information (see Section 3.2.2) and data are presented on facing pages. The
analytical data are presented in three forms, as follows.
(1) Algebraic relationship between effectiveness, E, number of heat transfer units, N TU , and thermal
capacity ratio, C* . (See Section 3.2.3.)
(2) Expression (where available) and table for E asymp . (See Section 3.2.4.)
(3) Empirical relationship coefficients (where available). (See Section 3.2.5.)
Entries are omitted where information is not available.
3.2.2 Reference information
In addition to the schematic diagrams, seven categories are illustrated in Sketch 3.2 that are used to describe
fully all exchanger configurations. A null entry is shown by a ‘-’, and indicates that either the entry does
not apply to the particular configuration or the entry is irrelevant.
In some cases data for a single exchanger type apply to more than one configuration; this is illustrated in
the schematic diagrams on the data tables.
4
ESDU 98005
(1) Exchanger type Crossflow
(2) Number of 2 Passes
passes/shells/thermal plates
2 Tube rows per pass
(3) Exchanger configuration ·
( M c p ) smaller inside tubes
·
(4) Stream with ( M c p ) smaller All connections
(5) Pass connections Part mixed/Unmixed
(6) Mixing in the exchanger -
(tubeside/shellside or
ductside)
(7) Mixing between passes

(Shellside or ductside/
tubeside)
or
flow configuration
Sketch 3.2 Reference Information
3.2.3 Relationship between E , N TU and C*
The graphical relationship between E , N TU and C* is, in some cases, described by the analytical
expression.
E = function ( N TU ,C* ) .
Where available, the sources of the analytical expressions are noted on the data sheets. The analytical
techniques used to generate data for heat exchanger configurations for which expressions were not available
are discussed in Part 5 of the group of Data Items.
3.2.4 Asymptotic expressions
In general, heat transfer effectiveness, E, increases with increasing values of N TU , reaching a maximum
as N TU tends to infinity. For some types of heat exchanger, the value of E passes through a maximum
before falling to a lower asymptotic value as NTU tends to infinity.
In designing a heat exchanger, for those exchangers for which E has no maximum, the asymptotic or
maximum value of E is important because it represents the performance limit that can be achieved for any
particular value of C*, no matter how large the heat exchanger is made. In such situations, for a given
configuration the asymptotic or maximum values of E for each curve are tabulated. A further explanation
of these values can be found in Part 1 of this group of Data Items.
3.2.5 Empirical relationship coefficients
For certain exchanger configurations empirical relationships relating E, N TU and C* have been developed.
For each of those configurations a set of coefficients is presented in a table. The full form of this equation
is given in Part 1 of the group of Data Items.
5
ESDU 98005
3.2.6 Acronym Definition
Each exchanger configuration presented in this group of Data Items is identified by a unique acronym. This
acronym describes the generic family group of the heat exchanger and identifies its particular configuration.
The definitions of the individual components of the acronyms are listed in Sketch 3.3.
Top Level
PURE Used for pure counter-current or co-current configurations

CRO Crossflow configurations
SERP Serpentine configurations
SAT Shell-and-tube configurations

PLATE Plate-type configurations
Lower levels
1:1 Refers to one pass/one pass plate-type configurations
CO Co-current flow
CU Counter-current flow
E E-shell
F F-shell
G G-shell
J J-shell
MIX Fully-mixed flow in stream
MP Multiple passes
MS Multiple shells
SP Single pass
SS Single shell
UNMIX Unmixed flow in stream
X X-shell
Sketch 3.3 Acronym Components and Heirarchy
6
ESDU 98005
4. INDEX OF GEOMETRIES FOR BASIC CONFIGURATIONS
4.1 Pure Counter- and Co-current Flows
See Sketch 3.1 for exchanger family groups Position of ( M· c p ) smaller
Flow
Figure No. Acronym No. passes Either stream
config.
1 PURE-CU Cu 1 Yes
2 PURE-CO Co 1 Yes
7
5. INDEX OF GEOMETRIES FOR CROSSFLOW CONFIGURATIONS
5.1 Crossflow, Single-pass Configurations, Various Mixing Assumptions
Stream mixing assumptions

Either Mixed Unmixed
Figure No. Acronym No. passes
stream stream stream
Stream 1 Stream 2
3 CRO-MIX/MIX 1 Mixed Mixed Yes
CRO-UNMIX/MIX-1
4 1 Mixed Unmixed Yes
(also CRO-TUBE-SP-1)
CRO-UNMIX/MIX-2
5 1 Mixed Unmixed Yes
(also CRO-TUBE-SP-2)
8
6 CRO-UNMIX/UNMIX 1 Unmixed Unmixed Yes
5.2 Crossflow, Multi-pass, Unmixed Flow in Exchanger - Counter-current
ESDU 98005
Stream mixing
No. tube/ No. tube/ Pass connections
Figure Flow assumptions
Acronym channel channel Either stream
No. config.
passes rows/pass
Stream 1 Stream 2 Stream 1 Stream 2
7 CRO-UNMIX-MP-CU-1 Cu 2 >3 Unmixed Unmixed Any Any Yes
8 CRO-UNMIX-MP-CU-2 Cu 3 >2 Unmixed Unmixed Any Any Yes

5.3 Crossflow, Multi-pass, Unmixed Flow in Exchanger - Co-current
Stream mixing
No. tube/ No. tube/ Pass connections
Flow assumptions Either Mixed Unmixed
Figure No. Acronym channel channel
config. stream Stream Stream
passes rows/pass
Stream 1 Stream 2 Stream 1 Stream 2
9 CRO-UNMIX-MP-CO-1 Co 2 >3 Unmixed Unmixed Mixed Mixed Yes

10 CRO-UNMIX-MP-CO-2 Co 2 >3 Unmixed Unmixed Mixed Unmixed Yes
11 CRO-UNMIX-MP-CO-3 Co 2 >3 Unmixed Unmixed Mixed Unmixed Yes
12 CRO-UNMIX-MP-CO-4 Co 2 >3 Unmixed Unmixed Unmixed Unmixed Yes

9
ESDU 98005
5.4 Crossflow, Tubular Exchangers, Single-pass
Stream mixing
assumptions
No. tube No. tube No. tubes Either Inside Outside
Figure No. Acronym
passes rows/pass per row stream tubes tubes
Inside Outside
tubes tubes
CRO-TUBE-SP-1
13 1 1 Any Mixed Unmixed Yes
(also CRO-UNMIX/MIX-2)
CRO-TUBE-SP-2
14 1 1 Any Mixed Unmixed Yes
(also CRO-UNMIX/MIX-1)
15 CRO-TUBE-SP-3 1 2 Any Part-mixed Unmixed Yes

10
ESDU 98005
CRO-TUBE-SP-9
21 1 >4 Any Unmixed Unmixed Yes
(also CRO-UNMIX/UNMIX)
5.5 Crossflow, Tubular Exchangers, Multi-pass - Counter-current
See Sketch 3.1 for exchanger family groups

Position of ( M· c p ) smaller
Note: for one tube row per pass (serpentine), see Section 6.1
Stream mixing
* assumptions
Flow No. tube No. tube No. tubes Tube pass Either Inside Outside
Figure No. Acronym
config. passes rows/pass per row connections stream tubes tubes
Inside Outside
tubes tubes
22 CRO-TUBE-MP-CU-1 Cu 2 2 Any Part-mixed Unmixed Any Yes

11
25 CRO-TUBE-MP-CU-4 Cu 2 >3 Any Unmixed Unmixed Any Yes
ESDU 98005
* A counter-current arrangement is defined as one where the tubeside inlet is located adjacent to the exit of the crossflow stream.
5.6 Crossflow, Tubular Exchangers, Multi-pass - Co-current
See Sketch 3.1 for exchanger family groups Position of

Note: for one tube row per pass (serpentine), see Section 6.2 ( M· c p ) smaller
*Flow No. No. Stream mixing assumptions
Figure No. tube Inside Outside
Acronym tube tubes per Inside Outside Tube pass connections
No. config. rows/pass tubes tubes
passes row tubes tubes
29 CRO-TUBE-MP-CO-1 Co 2 2 Any Part-mixed Unmixed Mixed Yes
31 CRO-TUBE-MP-CO-3 Co 2 2 Any Part-mixed Unmixed U-tube, inverted Yes
33 CRO-TUBE-MP-CO-5 Co 2 2 Any Part-mixed Unmixed U-tube, non-inverted Yes

37 CRO-TUBE-MP-CO-9 Co 2 >3 Any Unmixed Unmixed Mixed Yes
12

40 CRO-TUBE-MP-CO-12 Co 3 2 Any Part-mixed Unmixed Any connections Yes
ESDU 98005

49 CRO-TUBE-MP-CO-21 Co 4 Any Any Mixed or unmixed Unmixed Header or U-tube, non-inverted Yes
50 CRO-TUBE-MP-CO-22 Co 4 Any Any Mixed or unmixed Unmixed Header or U-tube, non-inverted Yes
*
A co-current arrangement is defined as one where the tubeside inlet is located adjacent to the inlet of the crossflow stream.
6. INDEX OF GEOMETRIES FOR SERPENTINE CONFIGURATIONS
6.1 Serpentine - Counter-current
Stream mixing
Flow No. tube No. tube No. tubes Either Inside Outside
Figure No. Acronym
Config. passes rows/pass per row Inside Outside stream tubes tubes
tubes tubes
51 SERP-CU-1 Cu 2 1 Any Mixed Unmixed Yes

13
ESDU 98005

6.2 Serpentine - Co-current
Stream mixing
Flow No. tube No. tube No. tubes Either Inside Outside
Figure No. Acronym
config. passes rows/pass per row Inside Outside stream tubes tubes
tubes tubes
59 SERP-CO-1 Co 2 1 Any Mixed Unmixed Yes


14
SERP-CO-5
63 Co 4 1 Any Mixed Unmixed Yes
(also CRO-TUBE-MP-21)
SERP-CO-6
64 Co 4 1 Any Mixed Unmixed Yes
(also CRO-TUBE-MP-22)
ESDU 98005
7. INDEX OF GEOMETRIES FOR SHELL-AND-TUBE CONFIGURATIONS
7.1 Single E-shell
No. tube No. tube No. tubes No. shells No. *Flow Either
Figure No. Acronym Tubeside Shellside
passes rows/pass per row in series baffles configuration stream
65 SAT-E-SS-1 Even no. Any Any 1 >5 – Yes

66 SAT-E-SS-2 3 Any Any 1 >5 – Yes
67 SAT-E-SS-3 3 Any Any 1 >5 – Yes

15
68 SAT-E-SS-4 2 Any Any 1 1 Co-current Yes
69 SAT-E-SS-5 2 Any Any 1 1 Counter-current Yes
ESDU 98005
*
A counter-current configurations is defined as one where the tubeside outlet is located adjacent to the shellside inlet.
A co-current configuration is defined as one where the tubeside inlet is located adjacent to the shellside inlet.
7.2 Multiple E-shells
No. tube No. tube No. tubes No. shells No. Flow
Figure No. Acronym Flow config. Either stream Side
passes rows/pass per row in series baffles configuration
Overall
76 SAT-E-MS-1 Series/series Even no. Any Any 2 >5 Yes
counter-current
Overall
counter-current
Overall
counter-current
Overall
16
counter-current
Overall
counter-current
ESDU 98005
81 SAT-E-MS-6 Series/parallel Even no. Any Any 2 >5 – Parallel
82 SAT-E-MS-7 Series/parallel Even no. Any Any 2 >5 – Series
83 SAT-E-MS-8 Series/parallel Even no. Any Any3 3 >5 – Parallel
85 SAT-E-MS-10 Series/parallel Even no. Any Any 4 >5 – Parallel

7.3 Single F-shell
No. tube No. tubes

Figure No. Acronym Y Tubeside Shellside
rows/pass per row
87 SAT-F-SS-1 Any Any 0.02 Yes


17
7.4 Single G-shell
See Sketch 3.1 for exchanger family

Position of ( M· c p ) smaller
groups
ESDU 98005
No. tube
passes
91 SAT-G-SS-1 2 Yes
92 SAT-G-SS-2 2 Yes
7.5 Single J-shell

*Flow
No. tube No. Either
passes baffles configuration stream
93 SAT-J-SS-1 1 >9 Yes
94 SAT-J-SS-2 1 >9 Yes
95 SAT-J-SS-3 2 >9 Counter-current Yes

96 SAT-J-SS-4 2 >9 Counter-current Yes
97 SAT-J-SS-5 >2 >9 Counter-current Yes
98 SAT-J-SS-6 2 5 Counter-current Yes

18
100 SAT-J-SS-8 2 5 Co-current Yes
ESDU 98005
* A counter-current configuration is defined as one where the tubeside inlet is located adjacent to a shellside outlet port.
A co-current arrangement is defined as one where the tubeside outlet is located adjacent to a shellside outlet port.
7.6 Multiple J-shells
No. tube Tubeside Shellside

No. shells Shellside
Figure No. Acronym Flow config. passes per
in series connections
shell
106 SAT-J-MS-1 Overall counter-current 1 2 Cross connections Yes
107 SAT-J-MS-2 Overall counter-current 1 2 Cross connections Yes

108 SAT-J-MS-3 Overall counter-current 1 2 Mixed connections Yes
110 SAT-J-MS-5 Overall counter-current 1 2 Direct connections Yes
111 SAT-J-MS-6 Overall counter-current 1 2 Direct connections Yes

19
ESDU 98005
7.7 Single X-shell
No. tube Tubeside pass

Figure No. Acronym Flow config. Either stream
passes connections
114 SAT-X-SS-CU Overall counter-current 2 U-tube Yes
115 SAT-X-SS-CO Overall co-current 2 U-tube Yes

8. INDEX OF GEOMETRIES FOR PLATE-TYPE CONFIGURATIONS
8.1 One Pass/One Pass, Counter-current (1 of Nch,1 versus 1 of Nch,2)
Position of
( M· c p ) smaller
Figure No. Acronym Flow config. No. thermal plates Either stream
116 PLATE-1:1-CU-1 Counter-current 1, 2 or ≥ 14 Yes
117 PLATE-1:1-CU-2 Counter-current 4, 6 to 13 Yes

118 PLATE-1:1-CU-3 Counter-current 3, 5 Yes
8.2 One Pass/One Pass, Co-current (1 of Nch,1 versus 1 of Nch,2)
Position of
( M· c p ) smaller
20
Figure No. Acronym Flow config. No. thermal plates Either stream
119 PLATE-1:1-CO-1 Counter-current 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 or ≥ 12 Yes
120 PLATE-1:1-CO-2 Counter-current 5, 7, 9 or 11 Yes
ESDU 98005
121 PLATE-1:1-CO-3 Counter-current 3 Yes
ESDU 98005
9. DERIVATION AND REFERENCES
9.1 Derivation
The following sources have assisted in the preparation of this Item.
1. UNDERWOOD, J.A.V. The calculation of mean temperature difference in multi-pass heat

exchangers. J. Inst. Pet. Technology, Vol. 22, pp. 145-158, 1934.
2. BOWMAN, R.A. Mean temperature difference correction in multi-pass exchangers. Ind.
Engng Chem., Vol. 28, pp. 541-544, 1936.
3. FISCHER, F.K. Mean temperature difference correction in multi-pass exchangers. Ind.
Engng. Chem, Vol. 30, No. 4, pp. 377-382, 1938.
4. STEVENS, R.A. Mean temperature difference in one, two and three pass crossflow heat
FERNANDEZ, J. exchangers. Trans ASME, pp. 287-297, February 1957.
WOOLF, J.R.
5. SCHLINDER, D.L. True temperature difference in a 1-2 divided flow heat exchanger.
BATES, H.T. Chem. Engng Prog., Symp. Series, Vol. 56, No. 30, pp. 203-206, 1960.
6. JAW, L. Temperature relations in shell and tube exchangers having one-pass
split-flow shells. Trans ASME, J. Heat Transfer, pp. 408-416, August
1964.
7. ROZENMAN, T. The effect of leakage through the longitudinal baffle on the
TABOREK, J. performance of two-pass shell exchangers. AIChemE, Symp. Series,
Vol. 68, No. 118, pp. 12-20, 1972.
8. TABOREK, J. Heat Exchanger Design Handbook, Section 1.5, Hemisphere
Publishing Corporation, 1983.
9. PIGNOTTI, A. Matrix formalism for complex heat exchangers. Trans ASME, J. Heat
Transfer, Vol. 106, pp. 352-360, May 1984.
9.2 References
The following sources provide additional guidance on the E – N TU method. A full bibliography for the
group of Data Items is given in Part 5.
10. TEN BROECK, H. Multi-pass exchanger calculations. Ind. Engng Chem., Vol. 30,
pp. 1041-1042, 1938.
11. WHISTLER, A.M. Correction for heat conduction through longitudinal baffle of heat
exchanger. Trans ASME, Vol. 69, pp.683-685, 1947.
12. KERN, D.Q. Process Heat Transfer. 1st Ed., McGraw-Hill, 1950.
13. NICOLE, F.J.L. Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) Rep. Chem. 223,
Pretoria, S. Africa, 1972.
14. DODD, R. Temperature efficiency of heat exchangers with one shell pass and even
numbers of tube passes. Trans I. Chem. Eng., Vol. 60, pp. 364-368,
1982.
15. TABOREK, J. Private communication. 1982.
16. KAYS, W. Compact Heat Exchangers. 3rd Ed., McGraw-Hill, 1984.
LONDON, A.L.
17. PIGNOTTI, A. Effectiveness of series assemblies of divided-flow heat exchangers.
Trans ASME, J. Heat Transfer, Vol. 108, pp. 141-146, February 1986.
21
ESDU 98005
10. DATA FOR BASIC CONFIGURATIONS
TABLE 10.1
Pure counter-current PURE-CU
Single pass
–
·c )
(M p smaller in either stream
–
-
–
Relationship between E , N TU and C*
log e  ----------------------
1 – EC*
 1–E  E
N TU = --------------------------------------- = -------------- , or
1 – C* C∗ ≠ 1 1 – E C∗ = 1
1 – exp [ N TU ( 1 – C * ) ] N TU
E = ---------------------------------------------------------------- = --------------------- .
C* – exp [ N TU ( 1 – C * ) ] 1 + N TU C∗ = 1
C∗ ≠ 1
Asymptotic expression
E asymp = E max = 1.0 for all values of C* .
Algebraic coefficients
0 1 2 3 4
a 1 0 0
b 0 0 0 0 0
c 100
d 0 0 0 0 0
g 0.5 0.6197 –0.1940
22
NTU
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1.0 1.0
PURE-CU
0.9 0.9
0. 6 . 7
0
C* 0. 8
0.8
0.0 0.9 0.8
0.1 1.0
0.2 C*
0.3
0.4
0.7 0.7
0.5
E E
0.6 0.6
23
0.5 0.5
95% of Emax
Temperature meet
0.4 0.4
ESDU 98005
Configuration Data
0.3 See Table 10.1 0.3
Index of Geometries
See Section 4.1
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
NTU
FIGURE 1 PURE COUNTER-CURRENT
ESDU 98005
TABLE 10.2
Pure co-current PURE-CO
Single pass
-
·
( M c p ) smaller in either stream
–
–

– log e [ 1 – E ( 1 + C* ) ]
N TU = --------------------------------------------------------- , or
C* + 1
1 – exp [ – N TU ( 1 + C* ) ]
E = ---------------------------------------------------------------- .
1 + C*
1
E asymp = E max = ------------------ for all values of C* .
C* + 1
Tabulated values of E max are given in the following table.
C* E max
0 1
0.1 0.91
0.2 0.83
0.3 0.77
0.4 0.71
0.5 0.67
0.6 0.63
0.7 0.59
0.8 0.56
0.9 0.53
1.0 0.5
0 1 2 3 4
a 1 0 0
b 0 0 0 0 0
c 100
d 0 0 0 0 0
g 0.5 0.6197 –0.1940
24
NTU
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

1.0 1.0
PURE-CO
0.9 0.9
C*
0.8 0.0 0.8
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.7 0.5 0.7
E E
0.6
0.6 0.7 0.6
0.8
0.9
25
0.5 1.0 0.5

C*
95% of Emax
0.4 0.4
Configuration Data
ESDU 98005
See Table 10.2
Index of Geometries
0.3 See Section 4.1 0.3
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
NTU
FIGURE 2 PURE CO-CURRENT
ESDU 98005
11. DATA FOR CROSSFLOW CONFIGURATIONS
11.1 Crossflow, Single-pass, Various mixing Assumptions
TABLE 11.1
Crossflow CRO-MIX/MIX
Single pass
–
·c )
–
Both streams fully mixed
–
Relationship between E , N TU and C* . (See Derivation 4.)
1
E = ----------------------------------------------------------------- ,where φ = exp [ N TU ] .
C*
C∗ φ φ 1
-------------------- + ------------- – ---------------
C* φ – 1 loge φ
φ –1
1
E asymp = ------------------ .
1 + C*
Since the curves pass through a maximum before reaching the asymptotic value, the following data are provided
to assist their use.
C* E max N TU for E max E asymp
0 1 inf. 1
0.1 0.946 7.12 0.91
0.2 0.891 5.78 0.83
0.3 0.838 5.02 0.77
0.4 0.789 4.50 0.71
0.5 0.742 4.10 0.67
0.6 0.700 3.79 0.63
0.7 0.662 3.54 0.59
0.8 0.626 3.32 0.56
0.9 0.594 3.14 0.53
1 0.565 2.98 0.50
0 1 2 3 4
a 0.4219 –0.4810 0.1880
b 1.3350 –1.6590 –0.8430 2.1900 –0.7320
c 100.0000
d 0.0000 –4.1440 11.6760 –12.5030 4.6080
g 0.3352 0.7187 –0.1931
26
NTU
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1.0 1.0
CRO-MIX/MIX
0.9 0.9
C*
0.8 0.0 0.8
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.7 0.5 0.7
0.6
0. 7
E E
0.8
0.6 0.9 0.6
1.0
C*
27
0.5 0.5
95% of Emax
Temperature meet
0.4 0.4
Configuration Data
ESDU 98005
See Table 11.1
0.3 Index of Geometries 0.3
See Section 4.1
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
NTU
FIGURE 3 CROSSFLOW, SINGLE PASS, MIXED/MIXED
ESDU 98005
TABLE 11.2
Crossflow
CRO-UNMIX/MIX-1
Single pass
Infinite tube rows
·c )
(M p smaller in unmixed
stream
–
Equivalent to
Mixed/unmixed CRO-TUBE-SP-2
–
1 – exp [ – C* ( 1 – exp ( – N TU ) ) ]
E = ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- .
C*
E asymp = ( 1 – exp [ – C* ] )/C* .
C* E asymp
0 1.00
0.1 0.95
0.2 0.91
0.3 0.86
0.4 0.82
0.5 0.79
0.6 0.75
0.7 0.72
0.8 0.69
0.9 0.66
1 0.63
0 1 2 3 4
a 0.4939 –0.3019 0.0722
b 0.2886 2.1267 –6.6072 6.7717 –2.3616
c 100.0000
d –0.6400 0.6117 –0.7777 1.2072 –0.5900
g 0.3749 0.7021 –0.2012
28
NTU
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1.0 1.0
CRO-UNMIX/MIX-1
0.9 0.9
0.8 C* 0.8
0.0
0.1 0.6
0.2
0.3 0.7
0.7 0.4 0.8 0.7
0.5
0.9
E 1.0 E
*
C
0.6 0.6
29
0.5 0.5
95% of Emax
Temperature meet
0.4 0.4
Configuration Data
ESDU 98005
See Table 11.2
Index of Geometries
0.3 0.3
See Section 5.1
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
NTU
·c )
FIGURE 4 CROSSFLOW, SINGLE PASS, MIXED/UNMIXED, ( M p smaller ON UNMIXED SIDE
ESDU 98005
TABLE 11.3
Crossflow CRO-UNMIX/MIX-2
Single pass
1 Tube row
·c )
(M p smaller in mixed stream
–
Mixed/unmixed Equivalent to
– CRO-TUBE-SP-1

– ( 1 – exp ( – N TU C* ) )
E = 1 – exp --------------------------------------------------------
C*
E asymp = 1 – exp [ – 1/C* ] .
C* E asymp
0 1
0.1 1
0.2 0.99
0.3 0.96
0.4 0.92
0.5 0.86
0.6 0.81
0.7 0.76
0.8 0.71
0.9 0.67
1 0.63
0 1 2 3 4
a 1.3249 –1.8438 0.7831
b –7.1739 37.6000 –73.1022 63.8124 –20.9271
c 100.00
d –0.2330 –0.8090 2.8338 –3.3782 1.3972
g 0.3572 0.8252 –0.2785
30
NTU
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1.0 1.0
CRO-UNMIX/MIX-2
0.9 0.9
C* 0.6
0.8 0.0 0.8
0.1
0.7
0.2
0.3
0.4 0.8
0.7 0.5 0.7
0.9
E 1.0 E
0.6 C* 0.6
31
0.5 0.5
95% of Emax
Temperature meet
0.4 0.4
Configuration Data
ESDU 98005
See Table 11.3
Index of Geometries
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
NTU
·c )
FIGURE 5 CROSSFLOW, SINGLE PASS, MIXED/UNMIXED, ( M p smaller ON MIXED SIDE
ESDU 98005
TABLE 11.4
Crossflow
CRO-UNMIX/UNMIX
Single-pass
Infinite channels/tube rows in
both streams
·c )
–
Unmixed/unmixed
–
The analytical procedure used to generate the data is described in Part 5.
E asymp = 1 .
0 1 2 3 4
a 1.0000 0.0000 0.0000
b –8.0303 41.3607 –85.1402 78.4532 –26.8626
c 100.0000
d –0.7007 1.9395 –2.4416 1.7539 –0.5991
g 0.4233 0.7017 –0.2189
32
NTU
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1.0 1.0
CRO-UNMIX/UNMIX
0.9 0.9
0. 6
0. 7
0.8 0.8 0.8
C*
0.0 0. 9
0.1 1.0
0.2
0.3 C*
0.7 0.7
0.4
0.5
E E
0.6 0.6
33
0.5 0.5
95% of Emax
Temperature meet
0.4 0.4
ESDU 98005
Configuration Data
See Table 11.4
Index of Geometries
0.3 0.3
See Section 4.1
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
NTU
FIGURE 6 CROSSFLOW, SINGLE PASS, UNMIXED/UNMIXED

ESDU 98005
11.2 Crossflow, Multi-pass, Unmixed Flow in Exchanger – Counter-current
TABLE 11.5
Crossflow
2 Passes CRO-UNMIX-MP-CU-1
Infinite channels/tube rows
in both streams
·
All connections
Unmixed/unmixed
Mixed/unmixed

The analytical procedure used to generate the data is described in Part 5 and Derivation 4.
E asymp = 1 .
34
NTU
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

1.0 1.0
CRO-UNMIX-MP-CU-1
0.9 0.9
0.6
0. 7
0.8 0 .8 0.8
C*
0.0 0.9
0.1 1 .0
0.2
0.3 C*
0.7 0.7
0.4
0.5
E E
0.6 0.6
35
0.5 0.5
95% of Emax
Temperature meet
0.4 Configuration Data 0.4
See Table 11.5
ESDU 98005
Index of Geometries
See Section 5.2
0.3 0.3
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
NTU
·c )
FIGURE 7 TWO-PASS COUNTER-CURRENT CROSSFLOW, UNMIXED/MIXED BETWEEN PASSES, ( M p smaller IN EITHER STREAM
ESDU 98005
TABLE 11.6
Crossflow CRO-UNMIX-MP-CU-2
3 Passes
in both streams
·
All connections
Unmixed/unmixed
Mixed/unmixed

E asymp = 1 .
36
NTU
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1.0 *
1.0
C
CRO-UNMIX-MP-CU-2 0
0.1 0. 6
0.2 0. 7
0.9 0.3 0.9
0.4 0. 8
0.5 0. 9
1 .0
0.8 0.8
C*
0.7 0.7
E E
0.6 0.6
37
0.5 0.5
95% of Emax
Temperature meet

See Table 11.6
ESDU 98005
Index of Geometries
See Section 5.2
0.3 0.3
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
NTU
·c )
FIGURE 8 THREE-PASS COUNTER-CURRENT CROSSFLOW, UNMIXED/UNMIXED BETWEEN PASSES, ( M p smaller IN EITHER STREAM
ESDU 98005
11.3 Crossflow, Multi-pass, Unmixed Flow in Exchanger – Co-current
TABLE 11.7
Crossflow
2 Passes
CRO-UNMIX-MP-CO-1
in both streams
·c )
–
Unmixed/unmixed
Mixed/mixed

C∗ E max E for N TU = 100 Easymp
0 1 1 1
0.1 0.91 0.9000 0.9
0.2 0.83 0.8000 0.8
0.3 0.77 0.7000 0.7
0.4 0.71 0.6000 0.6
0.5 0.67 0.5000 0.5
0.6 0.63 0.4007 0.4
0.7 0.59 0.3061 0.3
0.8 0.56 0.2254 0.2
0.9 0.53 0.1694 0.1
1 0.50 0.1448 0
38
NTU
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1.0 1.0
CRO-UNMIX-MP-CO-1
0.9 0.9
C*
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.8 0.3 0.8
0.4
0.5
0.7 0.7
E E
0.6
0.6 0.7 0.6

0.8
0.9
39
1.0
0.5 0.5
*
C
0.4 0.4
No
No local temperature
local temperature crossmeet
ESDU 98005
95% of Emax

See Table 11.7
Index of Geometries
See Section 5.3
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
NTU
FIGURE 9 TWO-PASS CROSSFLOW WITH CO-CURRENT FLOW, BOTH STREAMS MIXED BETWEEN PASSES
ESDU 98005
TABLE 11.8
Crossflow
2 Passes
CRO-UNMIX-MP-CO-2
both stream
·c )
(M p smaller in stream
unmixed between passes
–
Unmixed/unmixed
Mixed/unmixed

C∗ E max E for N TU = 100

0 1 1
0.1 0.885 0.347
0.2 0.808 0.249
0.3 0.745 0.204
0.4 0.692 0.177
0.5 0.649 0.158
0.6 0.610 0.145
0.7 0.576 0.134
0.8 0.544 0.130
0.9 0.517 0.128
1.0 0.493 0.127
0 1 2 3 4
a –0.0027 –0.0265 0.0131
b 0.5600 –0.5567 –1.0433 2.3217 –0.7717
c 100.0000
d –0.2600 0.5983 –4.7800 6.5767 –4.1250
g 0 0 0
40
NTU
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1.0 1.0
0
CRO-UNMIX-MP-CO-2
0.9 0.1 0.9
0.2
0.8 0.8
0.3
0.4 C*
0.7 0.7
0.5
E E
0.6
0.6 0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
41
0.5 0.5
1.0
0.4 0.4
No
Nolocal temperature
local temperature meetmeet
ESDU 98005
See Table 11.8
95% of Emax Index of Geometries
See Section 5.3
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
NTU
·c )
FIGURE 10 TWO-PASS CROSSFLOW WITH CO-CURRENT FLOW, ONE STREAM MIXED, THE OTHER UNMIXED BETWEEN PASSES, ( M p smaller
IN UNMIXED STREAM
ESDU 98005
TABLE 11.9
Crossflow
CRO-UNMIX-MP-CO-3
2 Passes
in both streams
·c )
(M p smaller in stream mixed
between passes
–
Unmixed/unmixed
Mixed/unmixed

C∗ E max E for N TU = 100 E asymp
0 1 1 1
0.1 0.909 0.9000 0.9
0.2 0.832 0.8000 0.8
0.3 0.767 0.7000 0.7
0.4 0.712 0.6000 0.6
0.5 0.662 0.5000 0.5
0.6 0.621 0.4007 0.4
0.7 0.582 0.3006 0.3
0.8 0.548 0.2243 0.2
0.9 0.518 0.1642 0.1
1 0.493 0.1267 0
0 1 2 3 4
a –0.1575 0.2726 –0.1312
b 6.8700 –30.0608 54.9996 –47.5842 16.1154
c 100.0000
d –1.0000 –0.0100 0.0000 –0.0100 –0.5000
g 0.0 0.0 0.0
42
NTU
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1.0 1.0
*
C 0
CRO-UNMIX-MP-CO-3
0.1
0.9 0.9
0.2
0.8 0.8
0.3
0.4
0.7 0.7
0.5
E E
0.6
0.6 0.7 0.6
0.8
0.9
43
0.5 0.5
1.0
C*
0.4 0.4
NoNo
local
localtemperature meet
temperature meet
ESDU 98005
See Table 11.9
See Section 5.3
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
NTU
·c )
FIGURE 11 TWO-PASS CROSSFLOW WITH CO-CURRENT FLOW, ONE STREAM MIXED, THE OTHER UNMIXED BETWEEN PASSES, ( M p smaller
IN MIXED STREAM
ESDU 98005
TABLE 11.10
Crossflow
CRO-UNMIX-MP-CO-4
2 Passes
both streams
·c )
–
Unmixed/unmixed
Unmixed/unmixed
0 1 1 0
0.1 0.883 0.3478 0
0.2 0.805 0.2488 0
0.3 0.745 0.2039 0
0.4 0.689 0.1768 0
0.5 0.644 0.1582 0
0.6 0.605 0.1445 0
0.7 0.570 0.1337 0
0.8 0.535 0.1248 0
0.9 0.509 0.1167 0
1 0.482 0.1087 0
0 1 2 3 4
a –0.1590 0.2744 –0.1320
b 6.8600 –30.0708 54.9996 –47.5942 16.4554
c 100
d –1.0100 –0.0400 –0.2000 –0.1000 –1.4000
g 0 0 0
44
NTU
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1.0 1.0
0
CRO-UNMIX-MP-CO-4
C*
0.9 0.9
0.1
0.2
0.8 0.8
0.3
0.7 0.4 0.7
0.5
E E
0.6
0.6 0.6
0.7
0.8
45
0.9
0.5 0.5
1.0
C*
0.4 0.4
NoNolocal
temperature meet
ESDU 98005
Configuration Data
0.3 See Table 11.10 0.3

See Section 5.3
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
NTU
FIGURE 12 TWO-PASS CROSSFLOW WITH CO-CURRENT FLOW, BOTH STREAMS UNMIXED BETWEEN PASSES
ESDU 98005
11.4 Crossflow, Tubular Configurations, Single-pass
TABLE 11.11
Crossflow CRO-TUBE-SP-1
Single pass
1 Tube row
·c )
(M p smaller inside tubes
–
Mixed/Unmixed
Equivalent to
– CRO-UNMIX/MIX-2
Relationship between E , N TU and C∗

– ( 1 – exp [ – N TU C∗ ] )
E = 1 – exp -------------------------------------------------------- .
C∗
E asymp = 1 – exp [ – 1/C∗ ] .
C∗ E asymp C∗ E asymp
0 1 0.6 0.81
0.1 1 0.7 0.76
0.2 0.99 0.8 0.71
0.3 0.96 0.9 0.67
0.4 0.92 1 0.63
0.5 0.86
0 1 2 3 4
a 1.3249 –1.8438 0.7831
b –7.1739 37.6000 –73.1022 63.8124 –20.9271
c 100
d –0.2330 –0.8090 2.8338 –3.3782 1.3972
g 0.3572 0.8252 –0.2785
46
NTU
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1.0 1.0
CRO-TUBE-SP-1
(Also CRO-UNMIX/MIX-2)
0.9 0.9
C* 0.6
0.8 0.0 0.8
0.1
0.7
0.2
0.3
0.4 0.8
0.7 0.5 0.7
0.9
E 1.0 E
*
0.6 C 0.6
47
0.5 0.5
95% of Emax
Temperature meet
0.4 0.4
Configuration Data
ESDU 98005
See Table 11.11
Index of Geometries
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
NTU
·
FIGURE 13 CROSSFLOW, SINGLE-PASS, ONE TUBE ROW, ( M c p ) smaller INSIDE TUBES
ESDU 98005
TABLE 11.12
Single pass
1 Tube row
·c )
(M p smaller outside tubes
–
Mixed/Unmixed
Equivalent to
– CRO-UNMIX/MIX-1

1 – exp [ – C∗ ( 1 – exp [ – N TU ] ) ]
E = ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- .
C∗
1 – exp [ – C∗ ]
E asymp = ------------------------------------ .
C∗
C∗ E asymp
0 1
0.1 0.95
0.2 0.91
0.3 0.86
0.4 0.82
0.5 0.79
0.6 0.75
0.7 0.72
0.8 0.69
0.9 0.66
1.0 0.63
0 1 2 3 4
a 0.4939 –0.3019 0.0722
b 0.2886 2.1267 –6.6072 6.7717 –2.3616
c 100
d –0.6400 0.6117 –0.7777 1.2072 –0.5900
g 0.3749 0.7021 –0.2012
48
NTU
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1.0 1.0
CRO-TUBE-SP-2
0.9 (Also CRO-UNMIX/MIX-1) 0.9
0.8 C* 0.8
0.0
0.1 0.6
0.2
0.3 0.7
0.7 0.4 0.8 0.7
0.5
0.9
E 1.0 E
*
C
0.6 0.6
49
0.5 0.5
95% of Emax
Temperature meet
0.4 0.4
ESDU 98005
Configuration Data
See Table 11.12
See Section 5.4
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
NTU
·
FIGURE 14 CROSSFLOW, SINGLE-PASS, ONE TUBE ROW, ( M c p ) smaller OUTSIDE TUBES
ESDU 98005
TABLE 11.13
Single Pass
2 Tube Rows
·c )
–
Part-mixed/Unmixed
–
2
 K  – 2K
E = 1 –  1 + ------- exp ---------- ,
 C  ∗ C∗
– N TU C∗
where K = 1 – exp  --------------------- .
 2 
E asymp = 1 –  1 + ------- exp ------- .

1 –2
 C∗ C∗
C∗ E asymp
0 1
0.1 1
0.2 1
0.3 0.99
0.4 0.98
0.5 0.95
0.6 0.90
0.7 0.86
0.8 0.82
0.9 0.77
1 0.73
0 1 2 3 4
a 1.3424 –1.1815 0.2977
b –3.5727 10.6147 –9.2380 1.2380 1.1198
c 10
d –0.3136 0.0388 –0.4773 –0.4582 0.1650
g 0.4076 0.7360 –0.2346
50
NTU
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1.0 1.0
CRO-TUBE-SP-3
0.9 0.9
0.8 0. 6 0.8
C* 0 .7
0.0
0.1 0.8
0.2 0.9
0.7 0.3 0.7
0.4 1.0
0.5 C*
E E
0.6 0.6
51
0.5 0.5
95% of Emax
Temperature meet
0.4 0.4
Configuration Data
ESDU 98005
See Table 11.13
Index of Geometries
0.3 0.3
See Section 5.4
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
NTU
·c )
FIGURE 15 CROSSFLOW, SINGLE-PASS, TWO TUBE ROWS, ( M p smaller INSIDE TUBES
ESDU 98005
TABLE 11.14
Single pass
2 Tube rows
·c )
–
Part-mixed/unmixed
–
1 2
E = ------- ( 1 – ( 1 + C∗ K ) exp [ – 2KC∗ ] ) ,
C ∗
– N TU
where K = 1 – exp  -------------- .
 2 
1 – ( 1 + C∗ ) exp [ – 2C∗ ]
E asymp = --------------------------------------------------------------- .
C∗
0 1.00 0.6 0.86
0.1 0.99 0.7 0.83
0.2 0.98 0.8 0.80
0.3 0.96 0.9 0.76
0.4 0.93 1 0.73
0.5 0.90
0 1 2 3 4
a 1.0073 –0.7241 0.1755
b –5.3370 26.1152 –48.2362 40.4877 –12.8809
c 10
d 0.0186 –3.7086 10.4954 –10.7689 3.8756
g 0.4117 0.7023 –0.2146
52
NTU
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

1.0 1.0
CRO-TUBE-SP-4
0.9 0.9
C*
0.8 0. 6 0.8
0.0
0.1 0 .7
0.2
0.8
0.3
0.4 0. 9
0.7 0.7
0.5 1.0
E C*
E
0.6 0.6
53
0.5 0.5
95% of Emax
Temperature meet
0.4 0.4
ESDU 98005
Configuration Data
See Table 11.14
Index of Geometries
0.3 0.3
See Section 5.4
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
NTU
·c )
FIGURE 16 CROSSFLOW, SINGLE-PASS, TWO TUBE ROWS, ( M p smaller OUTSIDE TUBES
ESDU 98005
TABLE 11.15
Single pass
3 Tube rows
·c )
–
Part-mixed/unmixed
–
2 4
 K (3 – K) 3K  – 3K
E = 1 –  1 + --------------------------- + ------------- exp ---------- ,
 ∗ C∗
2C∗ 
C 2
– N TU C∗
where K = 1 – exp  --------------------- .
 3 
 1 3  –3
E asymp = 1 –  1 + ------- + ------------- exp ------- .
 C∗ 2C∗  2 C∗
0 1 0.6 0.94
0.1 1 0.7 0.90
0.2 1 0.8 0.86
0.3 1 0.9 0.82
0.4 0.99 1 0.78
0.5 0.97
0 1 2 3 4
a 1.2588 –0.7583 0.0595
b –3.7696 10.0971 –7.3076 –0.5522 1.6290
c 10
d –0.4665 1.0873 –2.6419 3.2634 –1.2845
g 0.4242 0.6931 –0.2135
54
NTU
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1.0 1.0
CRO-TUBE-SP-5
0.9 0.9
0. 6
0.7
0.8 0.8 0.8

*
C 0.9
0.0
1.0
0.1
0.2 C*
0.7 0.7
0.3
0.4
This page Amendment C
E 0.5
E
0.6 0.6
55
0.5 0.5
95% of Emax
Temperature meet
0.4 0.4
ESDU 98005
Configuration Data
See Table 11.15
See Section 5.4
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
NTU
·c )
FIGURE 17 CROSSFLOW, SINGLE-PASS, THREE TUBE ROWS, ( M p smaller INSIDE TUBES
ESDU 98005
TABLE 11.16
Single pass
3 Tube rows
·c )
–
Part-mixed/unmixed
–
2 4
1  2 3C∗ K 
E = ------- 1 –  1 + C∗ K ( 3 – K ) + -------------------- exp [ – 3KC∗ ] ,
C∗  2 
– N TU
where K = 1 – exp  -------------- .
 3 
2
1  3C∗ 
E asymp = ------- ( 1 – exp [ – 3C∗ ] )  1 + 2C∗ + ------------- .
C∗  2 
0 1 0.6 0.91
0.1 1 0.7 0.88
0.2 0.99 0.8 0.85
0.3 0.98 0.9 0.81
0.4 0.96 1 0.78
0.5 0.94
0 1 2 3 4
a 1.1055 –0.5967 0.0432
b –3.3972 13.1146 –20.6168 15.9542 –4.9552
c 10
d –0.3394 0.6387 –2.4577 4.2374 –2.1245
g 0.4184 0.6936 –0.2116
56
NTU
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

1.0 1.0
CRO-TUBE-SP-6
0.9 0.9
0.6
0.7
0.8 *
0.8 0.8
C
0.0 0.9
1.0
0.1
0.2 C*
0.7 0.3 0.7
0.4
0.5
E E
0.6 0.6
57
0.5 0.5
95% of Emax
Temperature meet
0.4 0.4
ESDU 98005
Configuration Data
See Table 11.16
See Section 5.4
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
NTU
·c )
FIGURE 18 CROSSFLOW, SINGLE-PASS, THREE TUBE ROWS, ( M p smaller OUTSIDE TUBES
ESDU 98005
TABLE 11.17
Single pass
4 Tube rows
·c )
–
Part-mixed/unmixed
–
2 2 4 6
 K ( 6 – 4 K + K ) 4K ( 2 – K ) 8K  – 4K
E = 1 –  1 + ----------------------------------------- + ------------------------------ + ------------- exp ---------- ,
 ∗ C∗
3C∗ 
2 3
C C∗
– N TU C∗
where K = 1 – exp  --------------------- .
 4 
 3 4 8  –4
E asymp = 1 –  1 + ------- + --------- + ------------- exp ------- .
 ∗ C∗
3C∗ 
2 3
C C∗
0.0 1 0.6 0.96
0.1 1 0.7 0.93
0.2 1 0.8 0.89
0.3 1 0.9 0.85
0.4 1 1.0 0.80
0.5 0.99
0 1 2 3 4
a 1.1014 –0.1440 –0.3480
b –5.0928 23.6681 –46.6196 42.9979 –14.8784
c 10
d –0.6945 2.6625 –4.8442 3.4573 –0.6160
g 0.4204 0.7295 –0.2377
58
NTU
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

1.0 1.0
CRO-TUBE-SP-7
0.9 0.9
0.6
0. 7
0.8 * 0.8 0.8
C
0.0 0. 9
0.1
0.2 1.0
0.7 0.3 C* 0.7
0.4
0.5
E E
0.6 0.6
59
0.5 0.5
95% of Emax
Temperature meet
0.4 0.4
ESDU 98005
Configuration Data
See Table 11.17
Index of Geometries
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
NTU
·c )
FIGURE 19 CROSSFLOW, SINGLE-PASS, FOUR TUBE ROWS, ( M p smaller INSIDE TUBES
ESDU 98005
TABLE 11.18
Single pass
4 Tube rows
·c )
–
Part-mixed/unmixed
–
6 3
1  2 2 2 4 8K C∗ 
E = ------- 1 –  1 + C∗ K ( 6 – 4K + K ) + 4C∗ K ( 2 – K ) + -------------------- exp [ – 4C∗ K ] ,
C∗  3 
– N TU
where K = 1 – exp  -------------- .
 4 
3
1  2 8C∗ 
E asymp = ------- 1 –  1 + 3C∗ + 4C∗ + ------------- exp [ – 4C∗ ] .
C∗  3 
0 1 0.6 0.94
0.1 1 0.7 0.91
0.2 1 0.8 0.88
0.3 0.99 0.9 0.84
0.4 0.98 1 0.80
0.5 0.96
0 1 2 3 4
a 1.1017 –0.3813 –0.1111
b –4.1175 17.9137 –33.5078 30.2323 –10.4447
c 10
d –0.5190 2.2081 –6.0733 6.9594 –2.6102
g 0.4049 0.7506 –0.2474
60
NTU
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

1.0 1.0
CRO-TUBE-SP-8
0.9 0.9
0. 6
0.7
0. 8
0.8 * 0.8
C 0.9
0.0
0.1 1.0
0.2
C*
0.7 0.3 0.7
0.4
0.5
E E
0.6 0.6
61
0.5 0.5
95% of Emax
Temperature meet
0.4 0.4
Configuration Data
ESDU 98005
See Table 11.18
Index of Geometries
See Section 5.4
0.3 0.3
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
NTU
·c )
FIGURE 20 CROSSFLOW, SINGLE-PASS, FOUR TUBE ROWS, ( M p smaller OUTSIDE TUBES
ESDU 98005
TABLE 11.19
Single pass
>4 Tube rows
·c )
–
Unmixed/unmixed
Equivalent to
– CRO-UNMIX/UNMIX

E asymp = 1 .
0 1 2 3 4
a 1.0000 0.0000 –0.0000
b –8.0303 41.3607 –85.1420 78.4532 –26.8626
c 100.0000
d –0.7007 1.9395 –2.4416 1.7539 –0.5991
g 0.4233 0.7017 –0.2189
62
NTU
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1.0 1.0
CRO-TUBE-SP-9
0.9 (Also CRO-UNMIX/UNMIX) 0.9
0. 6
0. 7
0.8 * 0.8 0.8
C
0.0 0. 9
0.1 1.0
0.2
0.3 C*
0.7 0.7
0.4
0.5
E E
0.6 0.6
63
0.5 0.5
95% of Emax
Temperature meet
0.4 0.4
ESDU 98005
Configuration Data
See Table 11.19
See Section 5.4
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
NTU
·c )
FIGURE 21 CROSSFLOW, SINGLE-PASS, MORE THAN FOUR TUBE ROWS, ( M p smaller IN EITHER STREAM
ESDU 98005
11.5 Crossflow, Tubular Configurations, Multi-pass – *Counter-current
TABLE 11.20
Crossflow CRO-TUBE-MP-CU-1
2 Passes
·c )
All connections
Part-mixed/unmixed
–
Relationship between E , N TU and C∗ . (See Derivation 8.)

1
E = 1 – --- ,
A
2 3 3 2
K  K K 
exp ------- +  K – ------ + ------  1 – exp -------  + -------  2 – ---- + -------
4K K K 4K
C∗  2 8   C∗  C∗  2 C∗
where A = -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- .
2 2
 K 
 1 + -------
 C∗
– N TU C∗
and K = 1 – exp  --------------------- .
 4 
2
1 ( 1 + C∗ )
E asymp = 1 – --------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- .
C∗
2
3 --- + -------
1
 2 C∗
exp ------- + ---  1 – exp -------  + ------------------------
4 5 4
C∗ 8 C∗  C∗
C∗ E max C∗ Easymp
0 1 0.6 0.976
0.1 1 0.7 0.950
0.2 1 0.8 0.915
0.3 1 0.9 0.874
0.4 1 1 0.831
0.5 0.992
0 1 2 3 4
a 0.9924 0.6684 –0.9989
b –2.9794 15.3988 –32.4694 30.5203 –10.3523
c 100.0000
d –0.6209 1.6255 –1.4339 0.7541 –0.3819
g 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
*
A counter-current arrangement is defined as one where the tubeside inlet is located adjacent to the exit of the crossflow stream.
64
NTU
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1.0 1.0
*
C
CRO-TUBE-MP-CU-1 0.0
0.1
0.2 0.6
0.9 0.9
0.3 0. 7
0.4
0.5 0.8
0.9
0.8 0.8
1. 0
C*
0.7 0.7
E E
No local temperature meet
0.6 No local temperature meet 0.6
65
0.5 0.5
0.4 0.4
Configuration Data
ESDU 98005
See Table 11.20
Index of Geometries
95% of Emax
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
NTU
·c )
FIGURE 22 TWO-PASS COUNTER-CURRENT CROSSFLOW, TWO TUBE ROWS/PASS, ALL PASS CONNECTIONS, ( M p smaller INSIDE TUBES
ESDU 98005
TABLE 11.21
2 Passes
·c )
All connections
Part-mixed/unmixed
–
E = -------  1 – --- ,
1 1
C∗  A
2 3
exp [ 4C∗ K ] +  K – ------ + ------ ( 1 – exp [ 4C∗ K ] ) + C∗ K  2 – ---- + C∗ K 
K K 3 K 2
 2 8   2 
where A = ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- .
2 2
( 1 + C∗ K )
– N TU
and K = 1 – exp  -------------- .
 4 
 2 
1  ( 1 + C∗ ) 
E asymp = -------  1 – ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- .
C∗  
exp [ 4C∗ ] + --- ( 1 – exp [ 4C∗ ] ) + C∗  --- + C∗
5 3
 8  2  
C∗ E max C∗ Easymp
0 1 0.6 0.958
0.1 1 0.7 0.933
0.2 0.999 0.8 0.903
0.3 0.996 0.9 0.868
0.4 0.989 1 0.831
0.5 0.976
0 1 2 3 4
a 1.0477 –0.1019 –0.2837
b –1.4186 6.1210 –12.2939 12.7271 –5.0080
c 100
d –0.2034 –0.3194 1.7244 –2.6913 1.4242
g 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
66
NTU
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1.0 1.0
C*
0.1
0.9 0.2 0.6 0.9
0.3 0. 7
0.4
0.5 0.8
0.9
0.8 0.8
1.0
C*
0.7 0.7
E E
No local temperature meet
meet
0.6 0.6
67
0.5 0.5
0.4 0.4
ESDU 98005
Configuration Data
See Table 11.21
0.3
Index of Geometries 0.3
See Section 5.5
95% of Emax
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
NTU
·c )
FIGURE 23 TWO-PASS COUNTER-CURRENT CROSSFLOW, TWO TUBE ROWS/PASS, ALL PASS CONNECTIONS, ( M p smaller OUTSIDE TUBES
ESDU 98005
TABLE 11.22
2 Passes
·c )
All connections
Part-mixed/unmixed
–
0 1 0.6 1
0.1 1 0.7 1
0.2 1 0.8 1
0.3 1 0.9 0.999
0.4 1 1 0.999
0.5 1
0 1 2 3 4
a 1 0 0
b –0.9850 1.8183 –0.4777 –1.1933 0.7097
c 1
d –0.25 –0.3625 2.3305 –2.5457 0.8268
g 0 0 0
68
NTU
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1.0 1.0
CRO-TUBE-MP-CU-3 C*
0.0
0.9 0.1 0.9
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.8 0.8
0. 6
0.7
0. 8
0. 9
0.7 0.7
1.0
C*
E E
0.6 0.6
69
0.5 0.5
95% of Emax
NoNo
local
temperature meet
0.4 0.4
ESDU 98005
Configuration Data
See Table 11.22
See Section 5.5
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
NTU
·c )
FIGURE 24 TWO-PASS COUNTER-CURRENT CROSSFLOW, THREE TUBE ROWS/PASS, ALL PASS CONNECTIONS, ( M p smaller IN EITHER
STREAM
ESDU 98005
TABLE 11.23
2 Passes
>3 tube rows per pass
·c )
All connections
Unmixed/unmixed
–
E asymp = 1 .
70
NTU
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1.0 1.0
C*
0.1 0.6
0.9 0.2 0.9
0.3 0. 7
0.4 0. 8
0.5
0. 9
0.8 1.0 0.8
*
C
0.7 0.7
E E
Nolocal
temperature cross
meet
0.6 0.6
71
0.5 0.5
0.4 0.4
ESDU 98005
Configuration Data
See Table 11.23
See Section 5.5
95% of Emax
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
NTU
·c )
FIGURE 25 TWO-PASS COUNTER-CURRENT CROSSFLOW, > THREE TUBE ROWS/PASS, ALL PASS CONNECTIONS, ( M p smaller IN EITHER
STREAM
ESDU 98005
TABLE 11.24
3 Passes
·c )
All connections
Part-mixed/unmixed
–
E asymp = 1 .
0 1 2 3 4
a 1.0000 0.0000 0.0000
b –1.1564 4.8910 –8.4500 6.3933 –1.7489
c 1.0000
d –0.4733 0.3629 2.7742 –4.9884 2.3556
g 0.000 0.0000 0.0000
72
NTU
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1.0 1.0
CRO-TUBE-MP-CU-5
C*
0.0 0 .6
0.9 0.9
0.1 0 .7
0.2
0 .8
0.3
0.4 0 .9
0.8 0.5 0.8
1.0
C*
0.7 0.7
E No local temperature meet E
0.6 0.6
73
0.5 0.5
0.4 95% of Emax 0.4
ESDU 98005
Configuration Data
See Table 11.24
See Section 5.5
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
NTU
·c )
FIGURE 26 THREE-PASS COUNTER-CURRENT CROSSFLOW, TWO TUBE ROWS/PASS, ALL PASS CONNECTIONS, ( M p smaller IN EITHER
STREAM
ESDU 98005
TABLE 11.25
3 Passes
>2 Tube rows per pass
·c )
All connections
Unmixed/unmixed
–
E asymp = 1 .
0 1 2 3 4
a 1 0 0
b –2.0356 9.9306 –19.6277 17.5799 –5.9062
c 10
d –0.6812 1.6827 –1.7804 1.4455 –0.6484
g 0 0 0
74
NTU
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1.0 1.0
CRO-TUBE-MP-CU-6 C*
0.0
0.9 0.1 0.9
0.2
0.6
0.3
0.4 0. 7
0.5 0.8
0.8 0.8
0. 9
1 .0
C*
0.7 0.7
E E
NoNolocal
temperature meet
0.6 0.6
75
0.5 0.5
95% of Emax
0.4 0.4
ESDU 98005
Configuration Data
See Table 11.25
0.3 0.3
Index of Geometries
See Section 5.5
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
NTU
·c )
FIGURE 27 THREE-PASS COUNTER-CURRENT CROSSFLOW, > TWO TUBE ROWS/PASS, ALL PASS CONNECTIONS, ( M p smaller IN EITHER
STREAM
ESDU 98005
TABLE 11.26
4 Passes
>1 Tube row per pass
·c )
All connections
Unmixed/unmixed
–
E asymp = 1 .
0 1 2 3 4
a 1 0 0
b –0.7754 2.9826 –5.0793 4.2971 –1.4591
c 10
d –0.66 1.1216 –0.1676 –0.2958 0.0287
g 0 0 0
76
NTU
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1.0 1.0
CRO-TUBE-MP-CU-7 C* 0. 6
0.0 0 .7
0.9 0.1 0.9
0.2 0 .8
0.3 0.9
0.4
0.5 1.0
0.8 0.8
C*
0.7 0.7
E E
This page Amendment A
Notemperature
No local local temperature meet
meet
0.6 0.6
77
0.5 0.5
0.4 0.4
95% of Emax
ESDU 98005
Configuration Data
See Table 11.26
0.3 0.3
Index of Geometries
See Section 5.5
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
NTU
·c )
FIGURE 28 FOUR-PASS COUNTER-CURRENT CROSSFLOW, > ONE TUBE ROW/PASS, ALL PASS CONNECTIONS, ( M p smaller IN EITHER
STREAM
ESDU 98005
11.6 Crossflow, Tubular Exchangers, Multi-pass – *Co-current
TABLE 11.27
Crossflow CRO-TUBE-MP-CO-1
2 Passes
·c )
Header
Part-mixed/unmixed
–
1
E asymp = 1 – exp – ------- .
C∗
Since the curves pass through a maximum before reaching the asymptotic value, the following data
are provided to assist their use.
C∗ E maxE for N = 100 ETU asymp
0 1 1 1
0.1 0.885 0.407 0.375
0.2 0.808 0.378 0.375
0.3 0.746 0.375 0.375
0.4 0.694 0.375 0.375
0.5 0.649 0.374 0.374
0.6 0.610 0.373 0.373
0.7 0.576 0.371 0.371
0.8 0.545 0.368 0.368
0.9 0.517 0.364 0.364
1 0.492 0.359 0.359
0 1 2 3 4
a –0.1590 0.2744 –0.1320
b 6.8700 –30.0408 55.0096 –47.5742 16.1454
c 100
d –1 –0.0300 0 0 –0.7000
g 0.1317 0.9841 0.2780
*
A co-current arrangement is defined as one where the tubeside inlet is located adjacent to the inlet of the crossflow stream.
78
NTU
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1.0 1.0
CRO-TUBE-MP-CO-1
0.9 0.9
0.8 C* 0.8
0.0
0.1
0.7 0.2 0.7
0.3
E E
0.4 0.6
0.6 0.6
0.5 0.7
0.8
0.9
79
0.5 1.0 0.5

95% of Emax *
C
Temperature meet
0.4 0.4
ESDU 98005
Configuration Data
0.3 See Table 11.27 0.3
Index of Geometries
See Section 5.6
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
NTU
·c )
FIGURE 29 TWO-PASS CO-CURRENT CROSSFLOW, TWO TUBE ROWS/PASS, MIXED BETWEEN PASSES, ( M p smaller INSIDE TUBES
ESDU 98005
TABLE 11.28
2 Passes
·c )
Header
Part-mixed/unmixed
–
C∗ E
max E for N = 100
TU E asymp
0 1 1 1
0.1 0.909 0.901 0.901
0.2 0.832 0.808 0.808
0.3 0.767 0.723 0.723
0.4 0.711 0.647 0.647
0.5 0.662 0.581 0.581
0.6 0.619 0.523 0.523
0.7 0.582 0.473 0.473
0.8 0.548 0.429 0.429
0.9 0.519 0.392 0.392
1 0.492 0.359 0.359
0 1 2 3 4
a –0.0041 –0.0263 0.0138
b 0.5700 –0.5467 –1.0033 2.3317 –0.7417
c 100
d –0.2700 0.5483 –4.1800 6.5767 –4.3250
g 0.2540 0.5858 –0.1101
80
NTU
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

1.0 1.0
CRO-TUBE-MP-CO-2
0.9 0.9
C*
0.0
0.8 0.1 0.8
0.2
0.3
0.7 0.7
0.4
E 0.5 E
0.6
0.6 0.6
0.7
0.8
81
0.9
0.5 1.0 0.5
95% of Emax *
C
Temperature meet
0.4 0.4
ESDU 98005
Configuration Data
0.3 See Table 11.28 0.3
Index of Geometries
See Section 5.6
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
NTU
·c )
FIGURE 30 TWO-PASS CO-CURRENT CROSSFLOW, TWO TUBE ROWS/PASS, MIXED BETWEEN PASSES, ( M p smaller OUTSIDE TUBES
ESDU 98005
TABLE 11.29
2 Passes
·c )
Inverted U-tube
Part-mixed/unmixed
–
C∗ E
max E for N = 100
TU E asymp
0 1 1 1
0.1 0.885 0.407 0.375
0.2 0.808 0.378 0.375
0.3 0.745 0.375 0.375
0.4 0.692 0.375 0.375
0.5 0.647 0.373 0.373
0.6 0.607 0.370 0.370
0.7 0.572 0.365 0.365
0.8 0.540 0.358 0.358
0.9 0.512 0.350 0.350
1 0.487 0.341 0.341
0 1 2 3 4
a –0.1595 0.2537 –0.1210
b 4.9700 –14.6217 12.6742 –0.1783 –2.3142
c 100
d –1 0 0 0 –1.2000
g 0.1062 1.0659 –0.3250
82
NTU
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1.0 1.0
CRO-TUBE-MP-CO-3
0.9 0.9
C*
0.0
0.8 0.8
0.1
0.2
0.7 0.7
0.3
E 0.4
E
0.5 0.6
0.6 0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
83
0.5 1.0 0.5

95% of Emax *
C
Temperature meet
0.4 0.4
ESDU 98005
Configuration Data
See Table 11.29
See Section 5.6
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
NTU
·c )
FIGURE 31 TWO-PASS CO-CURRENT CROSSFLOW, TWO TUBE ROWS/PASS, INVERTED U-TUBES BETWEEN PASSES, ( M p smaller INSIDE
TUBES
ESDU 98005
TABLE 11.30
2 Passes
·c )
Inverted U-tube
Part-mixed/unmixed
–
C∗ E
max E for N = 100
TU E asymp
0 1 1 1
0.1 0.891 0.834 0.834
0.2 0.813 0.718 0.718
0.3 0.750 0.633 0.633
0.4 0.696 0.567 0.567
0.5 0.650 0.513 0.513
0.6 0.609 0.469 0.469
0.7 0.573 0.430 0.430
0.8 0.541 0.397 0.397
0.9 0.513 0.367 0.367
1 0.487 0.341 0.341
0 1 2 3 4
a –0.1222 0.1806 –0.0852
b 4.9500 –14.6217 12.6842 –0.1583 –2.3642
c 100
d –0.9900 –0.0100 0.0100 0 –1.1000
g 0.2720 0.5485 –0.0949
84
NTU
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1.0 1.0
CRO-TUBE-MP-CO-4
0.9 0.9
C*
0.8 0.0 0.8
0.1
0.2
0.7 0.7
0.3
E E
0.4
0.6
0.6 0.5 0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
85
0.5 1.0 0.5

95% of Emax
C*
Temperature meet
0.4 0.4
ESDU 98005
Configuration Data
See Table 11.30
0.3 0.3
Index of Geometries
See Section 5.6
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
NTU
·c )
FIGURE 32 TWO-PASS CO-CURRENT CROSSFLOW, TWO TUBE ROWS/PASS, INVERTED U-TUBES BETWEEN PASSES, ( M p smaller OUTSIDE
TUBES
ESDU 98005
TABLE 11.31
2 Passes
·c )
Non-inverted U-tube
Part-mixed/unmixed
–
C∗ E
max E for N = 100
TU E asymp
0 1 1 1
0.1 0.885 0.407 0.375
0.2 0.809 0.378 0.375
0.3 0.748 0.375 0.375
0.4 0.696 0.376 0.376
0.5 0.652 0.376 0.376
0.6 0.614 0.377 0.377
0.7 0.580 0.377 0.377
0.8 0.549 0.377 0.377
0.9 0.522 0.377 0.377
1 0.498 0.377 0.377
0 1 2 3 4
a –0.1616 0.2760 –0.1324
b 6.5800 –29.6258 55.6237 –48.8342 16.4762
c 100
d –0.9400 0.0700 0.0500 0.0300 –0.1200
g 0.2222 0.9037 –0.2693
86
NTU
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1.0 1.0
CRO-TUBE-MP-CO-5
0.9 0.9
C*
0.8 0.0 0.8
0.1
0.2
0.7 0.7
0.3
E 0.4 E
0.6
0.6 0.5 0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
87
0.5 0.5
C*
95% of Emax
Temperature meet
0.4 0.4
ESDU 98005
Configuration Data
See Table 11.31
0.3 0.3
Index of Geometries
See Section 5.6
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
NTU
·c )
FIGURE 33 TWO-PASS CO-CURRENT CROSSFLOW, TWO TUBE ROWS/PASS, NON-INVERTED U-TUBES BETWEEN PASSES, ( M p smaller INSIDE
TUBES
ESDU 98005
TABLE 11.32
2 Passes
·c )
Non-inverted U-tube
Part-mixed/unmixed
–
C∗ E
max E for N = 100
TU E asymp
0 1 1 1
0.1 0.968 0.968 0.968
0.2 0.898 0.898 0.898
0.3 0.813 0.813 0.813
0.4 0.733 0.728 0.728
0.5 0.678 0.649 0.649
0.6 0.632 0.571 0.577
0.7 0.592 0.515 0.515
0.8 0.557 0.462 0.462
0.9 0.525 0.416 0.416
1 0.498 0.377 0.377
0 1 2 3 4
a 0.5945 –1.7167 0.8762
b –2.9584 17.1339 –32.3530 26.6397 –8.1532
c 100
d 0.0137 –2.7687 7.6546 –7.7910 2.5954
g 0.2723 0.6679 –0.1500
88
NTU
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1.0 1.0
CRO-TUBE-MP-CO-6
0.9 0.9
C*
0.0
0.8 0.8
0.1
0.2
0.7 0.7
0.3
E 0.4 0.6 E
0.5 0.7
0.6 0.6
0.8
0.9
89
0.5 1.0 0.5

C*
95% of Emax
Temperature meet
0.4 0.4
Configuration Data
ESDU 98005
See Table 11.32
See Section 5.6
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
NTU
·c )
FIGURE 34 TWO-PASS CO-CURRENT CROSSFLOW, TWO TUBE ROWS/PASS, NON-INVERTED U-TUBES BETWEEN PASSES, ( M p smaller OUTSIDE
TUBES
ESDU 98005
TABLE 11.33
2 Passes
·c )
Header
Part-mixed/unmixed
–
C∗ E
max E for N = 100
TU E asymp
0 1 1 1
0.1 0.886 0.313 0.313
0.2 0.809 0.313 0.313
0.3 0.748 0.313 0.313
0.4 0.696 0.313 0.313
0.5 0.651 0.313 0.313
0.6 0.611 0.313 0.313
0.7 0.577 0.313 0.313
0.8 0.546 0.313 0.313
0.9 0.519 0.313 0.313
1 0.494 0.313 0.313
0 1 2 3 4
a –0.1585 0.2740 –0.1319
b –2.2100 26.4917 –69.9792 71.4683 –25.4908
c 100
d –1.3300 12.8817 –59.6175 86.5483 –40.0725
g 0.0687 1.1333 –0.3543
90
NTU
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1.0 1.0
CRO-TUBE-MP-CO-7
0.9 0.9
C*
0.0
0.8 0.1 0.8
0.2
0.3
0.7 0.7
0.4
E E
0.5
0.6
0.6 0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
91
0.5 1.0 0.5

*
95% of Emax C
Temperature meet
0.4 0.4
ESDU 98005
Configuration Data
See Table 11.33
0.3 0.3
Index of Geometries
See Section 5.6
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
NTU
·c )
FIGURE 35 TWO-PASS CO-CURRENT CROSSFLOW, THREE TUBE ROWS/PASS, MIXED BETWEEN PASSES, ( M p smaller INSIDE TUBES
ESDU 98005
TABLE 11.34
2 Passes
·c )
Header
Part-mixed/unmixed
–
C∗ E
max E for N = 100
TU E asymp
0 1 1 1
0.1 0.909 0.900 0.900
0.2 0.832 0.802 0.802
0.3 0.767 0.710 0.710
0.4 0.717 0.625 0.625
0.5 0.662 0.551 0.551
0.6 0.620 0.486 0.486
0.7 0.582 0.431 0.431
0.8 0.549 0.385 0.385
0.9 0.519 0.346 0.346
1 0.492 0.313 0.313
0 1 2 3 4
a –0.0033 –0.0267 0.0135
b 1.1700 –4.0783 7.1225 –5.3667 1.6225
c 100
d –0.1400 –1.0400 –0.0200 –0.0100 –0.8000
g 0.2426 0.6087 –0.1178
92
NTU
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1.0 1.0
CRO-TUBE-MP-CO-8
0.9 0.9
C*
0.0
0.8 0.1 0.8
0.2
0.3
0.7 0.7
0.4
E 0.5 E
0.6
0.6 0.7 0.6
0.8
0.9
93
0.5 1.0 0.5

*
95% of Emax C
Temperature meet
0.4 0.4
ESDU 98005
Configuration Data
See Table 11.34
See Section 5.6
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
NTU
·c )
FIGURE 36 TWO-PASS CO-CURRENT CROSSFLOW, THREE TUBE ROWS/PASS, MIXED BETWEEN PASSES, ( M p smaller OUTSIDE TUBES
ESDU 98005
TABLE 11.35
2 Passes
·c )
Header
Unmixed/unmixed
–
C∗ E
max E for N = 100
TU E asymp
0 1 1 1
0.1 0.885 0.347 0
0.2 0.808 0.249 0
0.3 0.745 0.204 0
0.4 0.692 0.177 0
0.5 0.649 0.158 0
0.6 0.610 0.145 0
0.7 0.576 0.134 0
0.8 0.544 0.130 0
0.9 0.517 0.128 0
1 0.493 0.127 0
94
NTU
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

1.0 1.0
CRO-TUBE-MP-CO-9
0.9 0.9
0.8 0.8
*
C
0.0
0.7 0.1 0.7

0.2
E E
0.3 0.6
0.6 0.6
0.4 0.7
0.8
0.5
95
0.9
0.5 1.0 0.5
95% of Emax C*
Temperature meet
0.4 0.4
ESDU 98005
Configuration Data
See Table 11.35
See Section 5.6
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
NTU
·c )
FIGURE 37 TWO-PASS CO-CURRENT CROSSFLOW, >THREE TUBE ROWS/PASS, MIXED BETWEEN PASSES, ( M p smaller INSIDE TUBES
ESDU 98005
TABLE 11.36
2 Passes
·c )
Header
Unmixed/unmixed
–
C∗ E
max E for N = 100
TU E asymp
0 1 1 1
0.1 0.909 0.900 0.9
0.2 0.832 0.800 0.8
0.3 0.767 0.700 0.7
0.4 0.712 0.600 0.6
0.5 0.662 0.500 0.5
0.6 0.621 0.401 0.4
0.7 0.582 0.306 0.3
0.8 0.548 0.224 0.2
0.9 0.518 0.164 0.1
1 0.493 0.127 0
96
NTU
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1.0 1.0
CRO-TUBE-MP-CO-10
0.9 0.9
0.8 0.8
C*
0.0
0.1
0.7 0.7
0.2
E 0.3 E
0.6
0.6 0.4 0.7 0.6
0.5 0.8
0.9
97
0.5 1.0 0.5

95% of Emax *
C
Temperature meet
0.4 0.4
ESDU 98005
Configuration Data
See Table 11.36
See Section 5.6
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
NTU
·c )
FIGURE 38 TWO-PASS CO-CURRENT CROSSFLOW, > THREE TUBE ROWS/PASS, MIXED BETWEEN PASSES, ( M p smaller OUTSIDE TUBES
ESDU 98005
TABLE 11.37
3 Passes
·c )
Header
Part-mixed/unmixed
–
C∗ E asymp
0 1
0.1 1
0.2 0.998
0.3 0.974
0.4 0.922
0.5 0.857
0.6 0.789
0.7 0.726
0.8 0.670
0.9 0.622
1 0.579
98
NTU
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1.0 1.0
CRO-TUBE-MP-CO-11
0.9 0.9
C*
0.0
0.1
0.8 0.2 0.8
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.7 0.7
E E
0.6
0.6 95% of Emax 0.6
0.7
Temperature meet 0.8
0.9
99
1.0
0.5 0.5
C*
0.4 0.4
ESDU 98005
Configuration Data
See Table 11.37
See Section 5.6
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
NTU
·c )
FIGURE 39 THREE-PASS CO-CURRENT CROSSFLOW, TWO TUBE ROWS/PASS, MIXED BETWEEN PASSES, ( M p smaller INSIDE TUBES
ESDU 98005
TABLE 11.38
3 Passes
·c )
Any connections
Part-mixed/unmixed
–
C∗ E asymp
0 1
0.1 0.910
0.2 0.838
0.3 0.781
0.4 0.735
0.5 0.698
0.6 0.668
0.7 0.642
0.8 0.619
0.9 0.598
1 0.579
0 1 2 3 4
a –0.0430 0.3577 –0.1567
b 0.2417 –1.5658 1.7850 –0.2242 –0.3607
c 10
d –0.0925 0.8424 –2.8522 3.3591 –1.3490
g 0.0608 0.6221 –0.0992
100
NTU
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1.0 1.0
C*
CRO-TUBE-MP-CO-12 0.0
0.1
0.9 0.9
0.2
0.3
0.8 0.4 0.8
0.5
0.7 0.7
E E
0.6
0.6 0.7 0.6
0.8
0.9
101
1.0
0.5 0.5
95% of Emax C*
Temperature meet
0.4 0.4
Configuration Data
ESDU 98005
See Table 11.38
See Section 5.6
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
NTU
·c )
FIGURE 40 THREE-PASS CO-CURRENT CROSSFLOW, TWO TUBE ROWS/PASS, MIXED BETWEEN PASSES, ( M p smaller OUTSIDE TUBES
ESDU 98005
TABLE 11.39
3 Passes
·c )
Inverted U-tube
Part-mixed/unmixed
–
C∗ E asymp
0 1
0.1 1
0.2 0.998
0.3 0.976
0.4 0.927
0.5 0.866
0.6 0.804
0.7 0.746
0.8 0.695
0.9 0.650
1 0.610
102
NTU
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1.0 1.0
CRO-TUBE-MP-CO-13
0.9 0.9
C*
0.0
0.1
0.8 0.2 0.8
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.7 0.7
E 0.6 E
0.6 95% of Emax 0.7 0.6

0.9
103
1.0
0.5 0.5
C*
0.4 0.4
Configuration Data
ESDU 98005
See Table 11.39
See Section 5.6
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
NTU
·c )
FIGURE 41 THREE-PASS CO-CURRENT CROSSFLOW, TWO TUBE ROWS/PASS, INVERTED U-TUBES BETWEEN PASSES, ( M p smaller INSIDE
TUBES
ESDU 98005
TABLE 11.40
3 Passes
·c )
Inverted U-tube
Part-mixed/unmixed
–
C∗ E asymp
0 1
0.1 0.972
0.2 0.918
0.3 0.862
0.4 0.810
0.5 0.765
0.6 0.726
0.7 0.692
0.8 0.661
0.9 0.635
1 0.610
104
NTU
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1.0 1.0
CRO-TUBE-MP-CO-14
0.9 0.9
C*
0.0
0.1
0.8 0.2 0.8
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.7 0.7
E 0.6 E
0.6 95% of Emax 0.7 0.6

0.9
105
1.0
0.5 C* 0.5
0.4 0.4
ESDU 98005
Configuration Data
See Table 11.40
Index of Geometries
0.3 0.3
See Section 5.6
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
TU N
·c )
FIGURE 42 THREE-PASS CO-CURRENT CROSSFLOW, TWO TUBE ROWS/PASS, INVERTED U-TUBES BETWEEN PASSES, ( M p smaller OUTSIDE
TUBES
ESDU 98005
TABLE 11.41
3 Passes
·c )
Non-inverted U-tube
Part-mixed/unmixed
–

C∗ E asymp
0 1
0.1 1
0.2 0.997
0.3 0.973
0.4 0.918
0.5 0.847
0.6 0.774
0.7 0.706
0.8 0.646
0.9 0.593
1 0.548
106
NTU
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1.0 1.0
CRO-TUBE-MP-CO-15
0.9 0.9
C*
0.0
0.1
0.8 0.2 0.8
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.7 0.7
E 0.6 E
0.6 95% of Emax 0.6

0.7
0.9
107
1.0
0.5 0.5
C*
0.4 0.4
ESDU 98005
Configuration Data
See Table 11.41
See Section 5.6
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
NTU
·c )
FIGURE 43 THREE-PASS CO-CURRENT CROSSFLOW, TWO TUBE ROWS/PASS, NON-INVERTED U-TUBES BETWEEN PASSES, ( M p smaller IN
TUBES
ESDU 98005
TABLE 11.42
3 Passes
·c )
Non-inverted U-tube
Part-mixed/unmixed
–

C∗ E asymp
0 1
0.1 0.947
0.2 0.854
0.3 0.769
0.4 0.704
0.5 0.656
0.6 0.622
0.7 0.597
0.8 0.578
0.9 0.562
1 0.548
108
NTU
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1.0 1.0
CRO-TUBE-MP-CO-16
0.9 0.9
C*
0.0
0.1
0.8 0.2 0.8
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.7 0.7
E 0.6 E
0.6 95% of Emax 0.7 0.6

109
0.5 0.5
C*
0.9
1.0
0.4 0.4
ESDU 98005
Configuration Data
See Table 11.42
See Section 5.6
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
NTU
·c )
FIGURE 44 THREE-PASS CO-CURRENT CROSSFLOW, TWO TUBE ROWS/PASS, NON-INVERTED U-TUBES BETWEEN PASSES, ( M p smaller
OUTSIDE TUBES
ESDU 98005
TABLE 11.43
3 Passes
·c )
Header
Unmixed/unmixed
–
C∗ E asymp
0 1
0.1 1
0.2 1
0.3 1
0.4 1
0.5 0.998
0.6 0.996
0.7 0.992
0.8 0.986
0.9 0.982
1 1
110
NTU
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1.0 1.0
CRO-TUBE-MP-CO-17
0.9 0.9
C*
0.0
0.1
0.8 0.2 0.8
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.7 0.7
E 0.6 E
0.6 95% of Emax 0.7 0.6

0.9
111
1.0
0.5 0.5
C*
0.4 0.4
ESDU 98005
Configuration Data
See Table 11.43
See Section 5.6
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
NTU
·c )
FIGURE 45 THREE-PASS CO-CURRENT CROSSFLOW, > TWO TUBE ROWS/PASS, MIXED BETWEEN PASSES, ( M p smaller INSIDE TUBES
ESDU 98005
TABLE 11.44
3 Passes
·c )
Header
Unmixed/unmixed
–
C∗ E asymp
0 1
0.1 0.910
0.2 0.840
0.3 0.790
0.4 0.760
0.5 0.750
0.6 0.750
0.7 0.760
0.8 0.840
0.9 0.910
1 1
112
NTU
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1.0 1.0
CRO-TUBE-MP-CO-18
0.9 0.9
C*
0.0
0.1
0.8 0.2 0.8
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.7 0.7
E 0.6 E
0.6 95% of Emax 0.7 0.6

0.9
113
1.0
0.5 0.5
C*
0.4 0.4
ESDU 98005
Configuration Data
See Table 11.44
See Section 5.6
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
NTU
·c )
FIGURE 46 THREE-PASS CO-CURRENT CROSSFLOW, > TWO TUBE ROWS/PASS, MIXED BETWEEN PASSES, ( M p smaller OUTSIDE TUBES
ESDU 98005
TABLE 11.45
4 Passes
·c )
Inverted U-tube
Part-mixed/unmixed
–
C∗ E
max E for N = 100
TU E asymp
0 1 1 1
0.1 0.903 0.608 0.492
0.2 0.828 0.525 0.492
0.3 0.765 0.501 0.492
0.4 0.711 0.493 0.491
0.5 0.664 0.487 0.486
0.6 0.622 0.478 0.478
0.7 0.586 0.466 0.466
0.8 0.554 0.453 0.453
0.9 0.525 0.438 0.438
1 0.498 0.423 0.423
0 1 2 3 4
a –0.0250 0.0464 –0.0246
b 0.1403 –0.4672 0.9682 –0.7392 0.2980
c 100
d –0.2100 –0.3000 –0.5000 –0.5000 –1.4000
g –0.3533 1.4294 –0.3765
114
NTU
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1.0 1.0
CRO-TUBE-MP-CO-19
0.9 0.9
0.8 C* 0.8
0.0
0.1
0.7 0.2 0.7
0.3
E 0.6 E
0.4
0.6 0.7 0.6
0.5
0.8
0.9
115
0.5 1.0 0.5

C*
95% of Emax
Temperature meet
0.4 0.4
ESDU 98005
Configuration Data
See Table 11.45
See Section 5.6
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
NTU
·c )
FIGURE 47 FOUR-PASS CO-CURRENT CROSSFLOW, TWO TUBE ROWS/PASS, INVERTED U-TUBES BETWEEN PASSES, ( M p smaller INSIDE
TUBES
ESDU 98005
TABLE 11.46
4 Passes
·c )
Inverted U-tube
Part-mixed/unmixed
–
0 1 1 1
0.1 0.905 0.857 0.857
0.2 0.829 0.771 0.771
0.3 0.766 0.706 0.706
0.4 0.711 0.651 0.651
0.5 0.664 0.602 0.602
0.6 0.623 0.559 0.599
0.7 0.586 0.520 0.520
0.8 0.554 0.484 0.484
0.9 0.525 0.452 0.452
1 0.498 0.423 0.423
0 1 2 3 4
a –0.0250 0.0464 –0.0246
b 0.1413 –0.4872 0.9182 –0.7592 0.3280
c 100
d –0.1700 –0.2000 –0.1000 –0.3000 –1.3000
g 0.1565 0.4582 0.0284
116
NTU
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1.0 1.0
CRO-TUBE-MP-CO-20
0.9 0.9
C*
0.0
0.8 0.1 0.8
0.2
0.3
0.7 0.7
0.4
E 0.5 E
0.6
0.6 0.7 0.6
0.8
0.9
117
0.5 1.0 0.5

C*
95% of Emax
Temperature meet
0.4 0.4
ESDU 98005
Configuration Data
See Table 11.46
See Section 5.6
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
NTU
·c )
FIGURE 48 FOUR-PASS CO-CURRENT CROSSFLOW, TWO TUBE ROWS/PASS, INVERTED U-TUBES BETWEEN PASSES, ( M p smaller OUTSIDE
TUBES
ESDU 98005
TABLE 11.47
4 Passes
Any number of tube rows
(M·c )
p smaller inside tubes
Header
Unmixed/unmixed
– Equivalent to SERP-CO-5

E = 1 – A,
2
K 3
A = ----  1 – ---- + ------ + K  1 – ---- 1 + 2 -------  1 – ---- exp [ –2K / C∗ ] +  1 – ---- exp [ – 4K / C∗ ]
where K K K K K K
2 2 4  2 C∗  2  2
and K = 1 – exp [ – N TU C∗/4 ] .
E asymp = --- – ---  1 + ------- exp [ – 2 / C∗ ] – --- exp [ – 4K / C∗ ] .

5 1 1 1
8 2  C∗  8
0 1 1 1
0.1 0.903 0.655 0.625
0.2 0.828 0.627 0.625
0.3 0.765 0.622 0.622
0.4 0.711 0.613 0.613
0.5 0.664 0.597 0.597
0.6 0.623 0.577 0.577
0.7 0.586 0.555 0.555
0.8 0.554 0.532 0.532
0.9 0.525 0.509 0.509
1 0.499 0.487 0.487
0 1 2 3 4
a 0.0007 –0.0036 0.0011
b 0.0120 0.0010 0.0010 0 0.0470
c 100
d –0.1 0 0 –0.2 –1.1
g 0.1178 0.5322 –0.075
118
NTU
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1.0 1.0
CRO-TUBE-MP-CO-21
(Also SERP-CO-5)
0.9 0.9
0.8 C* 0.8
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.7 0.4 0.7
0.5
E E
0.6
0.6 0.7 0.6
0.8
0.9
119
0.5 1.0 0.5

95% of Emax C*
Temperature meet
0.4 0.4
ESDU 98005
Configuration Data
See Table 11.47
0.3 0.3
Index of Geometries
See Section 5.6
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
NTU
·c )
FIGURE 49 FOUR-PASS CO-CURRENT CROSSFLOW, ANY NUMBER OF TUBE ROWS/PASS, MIXED BETWEEN PASSES, ( M p smaller INSIDE
TUBES
ESDU 98005
TABLE 11.48
4 Passes
Any number of tube rows
·c )
Header
Unmixed/unmixed
– Equivalent to SERP-CO-6
1
E = ------- ( 1 – A ) ,
C∗
2
K 3
A = ----  1 – ---- + ------ + K  1 – ---- 1 + 2C∗ K  1 – ---- exp [ – 2C∗ K ] +  1 – ---- exp [ –4C∗ K ]
K K K K K
where
2  2 4  2  2  2
and K = 1 – exp [ – N TU /4 ] .
E asymp = ------- --- – ---  1 + ------- exp [ – 2C∗ ] – --- exp [ – 4C∗ ] .
1 5 1 1 1
C∗ 8 2  C∗  8
are provided to assist in their use:

0 1 1 1
0.1 0.909 0.909 0.909
0.2 0.833 0.833 0.833
0.3 0.769 0.768 0.768
0.4 0.714 0.713 0.713
0.5 0.666 0.664 0.664
0.6 0.625 0.621 0.621
0.7 0.588 0.583 0.583
0.8 0.555 0.548 0.548
0.9 0.526 0.516 0.516
1 0.499 0.487 0.487
0 1 2 3 4
a –0.0328 0.0636 –0.0326
b 0.025 0.0210 0.0110 0 0.066
c 100
d –0.13 0 –0.2 –0.3 –1.5
g –0.5554 1.7031 –0.4624
120
NTU
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

1.0 1.0
CRO-TUBE-MP-CO-22
(Also SERP-CO-6)
0.9 0.9
0.8 C* 0.8
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.7 0.7
0.4
0.5
E E
0.6
0.6 0.7 0.6
0.8
121
0.9
0.5 1.0 0.5
C*
95% of Emax
0.4 Temperature meet 0.4
ESDU 98005
Configuration Data
See Table 11.48
See Section 5.6
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
NTU
·c )
FIGURE 50 FOUR-PASS CO-CURRENT CROSSFLOW, ANY NUMBER OF TUBE ROWS/PASS, MIXED BETWEEN PASSES, ( M p smaller OUTSIDE
TUBES
ESDU 98005
12. DATA FOR SERPENTINE CONFIGURATIONS
12.1 Serpentine, Counter-current
TABLE 12.1
Serpentine SERP-CU-1
2 Passes
–
·c )
–
–
E =  1 – --- ,
1
 A
A = ---- +  1 – ---- exp -------

K K 2K
where
2  2 C∗
– N TU C∗
and K = 1 – exp  ---------------------  .
 2 
2
E asymp = 1 – ---------------------------------- .
2
1 + exp -------
C∗
0 1 0.6 0.931
0.1 1 0.7 0.891
0.2 1 0.8 0.848
0.3 0.997 0.9 0.804
0.4 0.987 1 0.762
0.5 0.964
0 1 2 3 4
a 1.2486 –0.7473 0.0220
b –0.1668 –7.1464 28.2077 –34.0378 13.3857
c 100
d –0.7806 4.9442 –14.9821 17.6124 –6.9183
g 0.4681 0.6639 –0.2150
122
NTU
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1.0 1.0
SERP-CU-1 C*
0.0
0.9 0.1 0.9
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.8 0.6 0.8
0.7
0.8
0.9
0.7 1.0 0.7

C*
E E
0.6 NoNo
temperature meet
temperature meet 0.6
123
0.5 0.5
0.4 95% of Emax 0.4
ESDU 98005
Configuration Data
See Table 12.1
See Section 6.1
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
NTU
·c )
FIGURE 51 TWO-PASS SERPENTINE WITH COUNTER-CURRENT FLOW, ( M p smaller INSIDE TUBES
ESDU 98005
TABLE 12.2
2 Passes
–
·c )
–
–
–
E = -------  1 – --- ,
1 1
C∗  A
A = ---- +  1 – ---- exp [ 2KC∗ ]

K K
where
2  2
– N TU
and K = 1 – exp  --------------  .
 2 
E asymp = -------  1 – ------------------------------------ .

1 2
C ∗  1 + exp [ 2C∗ ]
0 1 0.6 0.895
0.1 0.997 0.7 0.863
0.2 0.987 0.8 0.830
0.3 0.971 0.9 0.796
0.4 0.950 1 0.762
0.5 0.924
0 1 2 3 4
a 1.0577 –0.6139 0.0802
b –0.1531 –3.0922 15.5566 –20.8543 8.7865
c 100
d –0.3825 2.9001 –10.7301 13.8630 –5.7806
g 0.4620 0.6638 –0.2147
124
NTU
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

1.0 1.0
SERP-CU-2 C*
0.0
0.9 0.1 0.9
0.2 0. 6
0.3 0.7
0.4
0.5 0. 8
0.8 0.8
0.9
1.0
C*
0.7 0.7
E E
No local temperature cross
0.6 No temperature meet 0.6
125
0.5 0.5
95% of Emax
0.4 0.4
ESDU 98005
Configuration Data
See Table 12.2
See Section 6.1
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
NTU
·c )
FIGURE 52 TWO-PASS SERPENTINE WITH COUNTER-CURRENT FLOW, ( M p smaller OUTSIDE TUBES
ESDU 98005
TABLE 12.3
3 Passes
–
·c )
–
–

E =  1 – --- ,
1
 A
K 2
A = K 1 – ---- – -------  1 – ---- exp ------- +  1 – ---- exp -------
K K K K 3K
where
4 C∗  2 C ∗  2  C∗
– N TU C∗
and K = 1 – exp  ---------------------  .
 3 
1
E asymp = 1 – -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- .
3 --- – ---------- exp ------- + --- exp -------
1 1 1 3
 4 2C∗ C∗ 4 C∗
0 1 0.6 0.975
0.1 1 0.7 0.950
0.2 1 0.8 0.916
0.3 1 0.9 0.874
0.4 0.999 1 0.825
0.5 0.990
0 1 2 3 4
a 1.0132 0.1551 –0.5191
b –1.2460 4.4523 –6.6881 5.2792 –1.5984
c 100
d –1.1472 6.7976 –17.8128 19.8344 –7.7682
g 0.4877 0.6265 –0.1914
126
NTU
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1.0 1.0
SERP-CU-3 C*
0.9 0.0 0.9

0.1 0.6
0.2 0.7
0.3
0.4 0.8
0.8 0.5 0.8
0.9
1.0
C*
0.7 0.7
E E
No temperature meet
0.6 0.6
127
0.5 0.5
0.4 95% of Emax 0.4
Configuration Data
ESDU 98005
See Table 12.3
Index of Geometries
0.3 0.3
See Section 6.1
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
NTU
·c )
FIGURE 53 THREE-PASS SERPENTINE WITH COUNTER-CURRENT FLOW, ( M p smaller INSIDE TUBES
ESDU 98005
TABLE 12.4
3 Passes
–
·c )
–
–
–

E = -------  1 – --- ,
1 1
C ∗  A 
K 2
A = K 1 – ---- – C∗ K  1 – ---- exp [ KC∗ ] +  1 – ---- exp [ 3KC∗ ]
K K
where
4  2  2
– N TU
and K = 1 – exp  --------------  .
 3 
 
1  1 
E asymp = -------  1 – ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ .
C∗  C∗
3 --- – ------- exp [ C∗ ] + --- exp [ 3C∗ ]
1
 4 2  4
0 1 0.6 0.952
0.1 1 0.7 0.927
0.2 0.998 0.8 0.896
0.3 0.994 0.9 0.861
0.4 0.985 1 0.825
0.5 0.975
0 1 2 3 4
a 1.0448 –0.1369 –0.2588
b –0.5248 1.0240 1.5834 –3.6385 1.7569
c 100
d –0.6617 5.5230 –19.5002 25.2611 –10.7188
g 0.5000 0.6254 –0.2061
128
NTU
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1.0 1.0
SERP-CU-4 C*
0.0
0.9 0.1 0.9
0.6
0.2
0.3 0.7
0.4 0.8
0.5
0.8 0.9 0.8
1.0
C*
0.7 0.7
E E
No
Notemperature meet
local temperature meet
0.6 0.6
129
0.5 0.5
95% of Emax
0.4 0.4
Configuration Data
ESDU 98005
See Table 12.4
Index of Geometries
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
NTU
·c )
FIGURE 54 THREE-PASS SERPENTINE WITH COUNTER-CURRENT FLOW, ( M p smaller OUTSIDE TUBES
ESDU 98005
TABLE 12.5
4 Passes
–
·c )
–
–

E =  1 – --- ,
1
 A
2
K 3
A = ----  1 – ---- + ------ + K  1 – ---- 1 – -------  1 – ---- exp ------- +  1 – ---- exp -------
K K K K 2K K 2K 4K
where
2 2 4  2 C∗  2 C∗  2 C∗
– N TU C∗
and K = 1 – exp  ---------------------  .
 4 
1
E asymp = 1 – ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- .
3 --- + ---  1 – ------- exp ------- + --- exp ------- 
1 1 2 1 4
8 2 C ∗  C ∗ 8 C∗ 
0 1 0.6 0.989
0.1 1 0.7 0.971
0.2 1 0.8 0.943
0.3 1 0.9 0.905
0.4 1 1 0.861
0.5 0.997
0 1 2 3 4
a 0.8752 0.6164 –0.7694
b 0.0357 1.4025 –8.6351 14.0365 –6.6669
c 100
d –0.1780 1.2071 –3.3154 2.4458 –0.2386
g 0.4875 0.6365 –0.2053
130
NTU
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

1.0 1.0
SERP-CU-5
C*
0.9 0.6 0.9
0.0
0.1 0.7
0.2 0.8
0.3
0.4 0.9
0.8 0.8
0.5
1.0
C*
0.7 0.7
E E
No
Nolocal temperaturemeet
temperature cross
0.6 0.6
131
0.5 0.5
0.4 0.4
ESDU 98005
95% of Emax Configuration Data
See Table 12.5
Index of Geometries
0.3 0.3
See Section 6.1
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
NTU
·c )
FIGURE 55 FOUR-PASS SERPENTINE WITH COUNTER-CURRENT FLOW, ( M p smaller INSIDE TUBES
ESDU 98005
TABLE 12.6
4 Passes
–
·c )
–
–

E = -------  1 – --- ,
1 1
C ∗  A 
2
K 3
A = ----  1 – ---- + ------ + K  1 – ---- 1 – 2KC∗  1 – ---- exp [ 2KC∗ ] +  1 – ---- exp [ 4KC∗ ]
K K K K K
where
2 2 4  2  2  2
– N TU
and K = 1 – exp  --------------  .
 4 
1 1
E asymp = ------- 1 – ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ .
C ∗ 3 1 1
--- + --- ( 1 – C∗ ) exp [ 2C∗ ] + --- exp [ 4C∗ ]
8 2 8
0 1 0.6 0.977
0.1 1 0.7 0.958
0.2 1 0.8 0.932
0.3 0.999 0.9 0.900
0.4 0.996 1 0.861
0.5 0.989
0 1 2 3 4
a 0.9562 0.2742 –0.5082
b 0.4135 –3.7205 8.5532 –7.0115 1.9323
c 100
d –0.3713 3.3240 –13.0859 17.6198 –7.5629
g 0.5000 0.6022 –0.1819
132
NTU
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1.0 1.0
SERP-CU-6
0.6
0.9 C* 0.9
0.7
0.0 0.8
0.1
0.2 0.9
0.8 0.3 1.0 0.8
0.4
0.5 C*
0.7 0.7
E E
Nolocal
No temperature
temperaturemeet
cross
0.6 0.6
133
0.5 0.5
0.4 0.4
ESDU 98005
Configuration Data
95% of Emax See Table 12.6
Index of Geometries
0.3 0.3
See Section 6.1
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
NTU
·c )
FIGURE 56 FOUR-PASS SERPENTINE WITH COUNTER-CURRENT FLOW, ( M p smaller OUTSIDE TUBES
ESDU 98005
TABLE 12.7
6 Passes
–
·c )
–
–

.
C∗ E asymp
0 1
0.1 1
0.2 1
0.3 1
0.4 1
0.5 0.998
0.6 0.995
0.7 0.986
0.8 0.969
0.9 0.941
1 0.902
0 1 2 3 4
a 1.2351 –0.2756 –0.1556
b –0.9102 6.8629 –19.6552 23.4640 –9.6433
c 100
d –0.9363 4.6876 –9.5921 8.1334 –2.3421
g 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
134
NTU
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1.0 1.0
SERP-CU-7
0.9 0.9
0.6
0. 7
C* 0. 8
0.0 0.9
0.8 0.1 0.8
1 .0
0.2
0.3 C*
0.4
0.5
0.7 0.7
E E
Nolocal
No temperature
temperaturemeet
meet
0.6 0.6
135
0.5 0.5
95% of Emax
0.4 0.4
ESDU 98005
Configuration Data
See Table 12.7
See Section 6.1
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
NTU
·c )
FIGURE 57 SIX-PASS SERPENTINE WITH COUNTER-CURRENT FLOW, ( M p smaller IN EITHER STREAM
ESDU 98005
TABLE 12.8
9 Passes
–
·c )
–
–
–
.
C∗ E asymp
0 1
0.1 1
0.2 1
0.3 1
0.4 1
0.5 1
0.6 0.999
0.7 0.997
0.8 0.989
0.9 0.969
1 0.932
0 1 2 3 4
a 1.0884 0.1978 –0.4222
b –0.1316 0.4347 –0.3110 –0.4997 0.5967
c 100
d –0.4722 0.6473 1.8862 –3.9303 1.8361
g 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
136
NTU
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1.0 1.0
SERP-CU-8 C*
0.0
0.9 0.1 0.9
0.2
0.3
0.4 0. 6
0.5 0. 7
0.8 0.8
0. 8
0. 9
1. 0
C*
0.7 0.7
E E
NoNotemperature meet
local temperature meet
0.6 0.6
137
0.5 0.5
0.4 0.4
ESDU 98005
95% of Emax Configuration Data
See Table 12.8
See Section 6.1
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
NTU
·c )
FIGURE 58 NINE-PASS SERPENTINE WITH COUNTER-CURRENT FLOW, ( M p smaller IN EITHER STREAM
ESDU 98005
12.2 Serpentine, Co-current
TABLE 12.9
Serpentine
SERP-CO-1
2 Passes
–
·c )
–
–
–
2C∗ – N TU C∗
E = 1 – ---- –  1 – ---- exp – ---------- where K = 1 – exp  ---------------------  .
K K
2  2 K  2 
E asymp = ---  1 – exp -------  .

1 –2
2 C∗ 
C∗ E E for N TU = 100 E
max asymp
0 1 1 1
0.1 0.885 0.503 0.500
0.2 0.808 0.500 0.500
0.3 0.746 0.499 0.499
0.4 0.694 0.497 0.497
0.5 0.649 0.491 0.491
0.6 0.609 0.482 0.482
0.7 0.575 0.471 0.471
0.8 0.544 0.459 0.459
0.9 0.516 0.446 0.466
1 0.491 0.432 0.432
0 1 2 3 4
a –0.1616 0.2760 –0.1324
b 6.580 –29.6358 55.6137 –48.8342 16.6562
c 100
d –0.9800 0.0000 –0.0200 0.0000 –0.8000
g 0.0628 1.1118 –0.3325
138
NTU
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1.0 1.0
SERP-CO-1
0.9 0.9
0.8 C* 0.8
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.7 0.4 0.7
0.5
E E
0.6
0.6 0.6
0.7
0.8
139
0.9
0.5 1.0 0.5
C*
0.4 0.4
95% of Emax
ESDU 98005
Temperature meet
Configuration Data
0.3 See Table 12.9 0.3
Index of Geometries
See Section 6.2
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
NTU
·
FIGURE 59 TWO-PASS SERPENTINE WITH CO-CURRENT FLOW, ( M c p ) smaller INSIDE TUBES
ESDU 98005
TABLE 12.10
Serpentine SERP-CO-2
2 Passes
–
·c )
–
–
–

E = ------- + 1 – ---- –  1 – ---- exp [ – 2C∗ K ] ,

1 K K
C∗ 2  2
– N TU
where K = 1 – exp  -------------- .
 2 
1
E asymp = ---------- ( 1 – exp [ – 2 C∗ ] ) .
2C∗
C∗ E E for NTU = 100 E
max asymp
0 1 1 1
0.1 0.908 0.906 0.906
0.2 0.832 0.824 0.824
0.3 0.766 0.752 0.752
0.4 0.710 0.688 0.688
0.5 0.661 0.632 0.632
0.6 0.618 0.582 0.582
0.7 0.581 0.538 0.538
0.8 0.547 0.499 0.499
0.9 0.518 0.464 0.464
1 0.491 0.432 0.432
0 1 2 3 4
a –0.0119 –0.0180 0.0118
b 1.1109 –4.0654 7.1311 –5.6782 2.0526
c 100
d –0.3100 0.5483 –4.8500 6.6667 –4.3250
g 0.2300 0.6271 –0.1291
140
NTU
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

1.0 1.0
SERP-CO-2 C*
0.9 0.0 0.9
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.8 0.8
0.4
0.7 0.7
0.5
E E
0.6
0.6 0.6
0.7
0.8
141
0.9
0.5 1.0 0.5
C*
95% of Emax
0.4 0.4
ESDU 98005
Temperature meet
Configuration Data
See Table 12.10
See Section 6.2
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
NTU
·
FIGURE 60 TWO-PASS SERPENTINE WITH CO-CURRENT FLOW, ( M c p ) smaller OUTSIDE TUBES
ESDU 98005
TABLE 12.11
3 Passes
–
·c )
–
–
–
E = 1 – A,
K 2
A = K 1 – ---- + -------  1 – ---- exp – ------- +  1 – ---- exp ----------
K K K K –3K
where
4 C∗  2 C ∗  2  C∗
– N TU C∗
and K = 1 – exp  --------------------- .
 3 
E asymp = 1 –  --- + ---------- exp ------- – --- exp ---------- .

3 1 –1 1 –3
 4 2C∗ C∗ 8 – C∗
C∗ E asymp
0 1
0.1 1
0.2 0.978
0.3 0.914
0.4 0.836
0.5 0.762
0.6 0.699
0.7 0.646
0.8 0.600
0.9 0.561
1 0.528
142
NTU
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1.0 1.0
SERP-CO-3
0.9 0.9
C*
0.0
0.1
0.8 0.2 0.8
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.7 0.7
E E
0.6
0.6 0.6
0.7
0.8
143
0.9
0.5 1.0 0.5
C*
95% of Emax
ESDU 98005
Configuration Data
See Table 12.11
See Section 6.2
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
NTU
·
FIGURE 61 THREE-PASS SERPENTINE WITH CO-CURRENT FLOW, ( M c p ) smaller INSIDE TUBES
ESDU 98005
TABLE 12.12
3 Passes
–
·c )
–
–

1
E = ------- ( 1 – A ) ,
C∗
where K 2
1 – ---- + C∗ K  1 – ---- exp [ – C∗ K ] +  1 – ---- exp [ – 3C∗ K ]
K K
A=K
4  2 2
– N TU
and K = 1 – exp  -------------- .
 3 
3 C∗
E asymp = ------- 1 –  --- + ------- exp [ – C∗ ] – --- exp [ – 3 C∗ ] .
1 1
C ∗  4 2  8
C∗ E asymp
0 1
0.1 0.909
0.2 0.834
0.3 0.772
0.4 0.720
0.5 0.675
0.6 0.637
0.7 0.604
0.8 0.576
0.9 0.550
1 0.528
0 1 2 3 4
a –0.0053 0.0644 –0.0032
b 1.2620 –8.5717 20.1061 –19.9773 7.1039
c 1
d –0.2412 –0.4887 4.2139 –6.8074 3.0534
g 0.0665 0.5928 –0.0868
144
NTU
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1.0 1.0
SERP-CO-4
0.9 0.9
C*
0.0
0.1
0.8 0.2 0.8
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.7 0.7
E E
0.6
0.6 0.7 0.6
0.8
0.9
145
1.0
0.5 0.5
C*
95% of Emax
Temperature meet
0.4 0.4
ESDU 98005
Configuration Data
See Table 12.12
See Section 6.2
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
NTU
·
FIGURE 62 THREE-PASS SERPENTINE WITH CO-CURRENT FLOW, ( M c p ) smaller OUTSIDE TUBES
ESDU 98005
TABLE 12.13
4 Passes
–
·c )
–
– Equivalent to
CRO-TUBE-MP-CO-21
–

E = 1 – A,
2
K 3
A = ----  1 – ---- + ------ + K  1 – ---- 1 + 2 -------  1 – ---- exp ---------- +  1 – ---- exp ----------
K K K K K K –2 K –4 K
where
2  2 4  2  C∗  2  C∗  2  C∗
– N TU C∗
and K = 1 – exp  ---------------------  .
 4 
E asymp = --- – ---  1 + ------- exp ------- – --- exp ------- .

5 1 1 –2 1 –4
8 2  C∗  C∗ 8 C∗
C∗ Emax E for NTU = 100 E asymp
0 1 1 1
0.1 0.903 0.655 0.625
0.2 0.828 0.627 0.625
0.3 0.765 0.622 0.622
0.4 0.711 0.613 0.613
0.5 0.664 0.597 0.597
0.6 0.623 0.577 0.577
0.7 0.586 0.555 0.555
0.8 0.554 0.532 0.532
0.9 0.525 0.509 0.509
1 0.499 0.487 0.487
0 1 2 3 4
a –0.0328 0.0636 –0.0326
b 0.0250 0.0210 0.0110 0.0000 0.0660
c 100
d –0.1300 0.0000 –0.2000 –0.3000 –1.5000
g –0.5554 1.7031 –0.4624
146
NTU
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1.0 1.0
SERP-CO-5
(Also CRO-TUBE-MP-CO-21)
0.9 0.9
0.8 C* 0.8
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.7 0.4 0.7
0.5
E E
0.6
0.6 0.7 0.6
0.8
147
0.9
0.5 1.0 0.5
95% of Emax C*
Temperature meet
0.4 0.4
ESDU 98005
Configuration Data
See Table 12.13
See Section 6.2
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
NTU
·
FIGURE 63 FOUR-PASS SERPENTINE WITH CO-CURRENT FLOW, ( M c p ) smaller INSIDE TUBES
ESDU 98005
TABLE 12.14
4 Passes
–
·c )
–
–
Equivalent to
– CRO-TUBE-MP-CO-22

1
E = ------- ( 1 – A ) , where
C∗
2
K 3
A = ----  1 – ---- + ------ + K  1 – ---- 1 + 2C∗ K  1 – ---- exp [ – 2 C∗ K ] +  1 – ---- exp [ – 4 C∗ K ]
K K K K K
2 2 4  2  2  2
– N TU
and K = 1 – exp  --------------  .
 4 
1 5 1 1
E asymp = ------- --- – --- ( 1 + C∗ ) exp [ – 2C∗ ] – --- exp [ – 4C∗ ] .
C∗ 8 2 8
C∗ E max E for NTU = 100 E asymp
0 1 1 1
0.1 0.909 0.909 0.909
0.2 0.833 0.833 0.833
0.3 0.769 0.768 0.768
0.4 0.714 0.713 0.713
0.5 0.666 0.664 0.664
0.6 0.625 0.621 0.621
0.7 0.588 0.583 0.583
0.8 0.555 0.548 0.548
0.9 0.526 0.516 0.516
1 0.499 0.487 0.487
0 1 2 3 4
a 0.0007 –0.0036 0.0011
b 0.0120 0.0010 0.0010 0 0.0470
c 100
d –0.1 0 0 –0.2000 –1.1000
g 0.1178 0.5322 –0.0750
148
NTU
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

1.0 1.0
SERP-CO-6
0.9 (Also CRO-TUBE-MP-CO-22) 0.9
0.8 C* 0.8
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.7 0.7
0.4
0.5
E E
0.6
0.6 0.7 0.6
0.8
149
0.9
0.5 1.0 0.5
C*
95% of Emax
ESDU 98005
Configuration Data
See Table 12.14
See Section 6.2
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
NTU
·
FIGURE 64 FOUR-PASS SERPENTINE WITH CO-CURRENT FLOW, ( M c p ) smaller OUTSIDE TUBES
ESDU 98005
13. DATA FOR SHELL-AND-TUBE CONFIGURATIONS
13.1 Single E-shell
TABLE 13.1
Shell-and-tube SAT-E-SS-1
1 E-Shell
Any even number of tube
passes
·c )
– Two tube passes Large even number of tube passes
> 5 Baffles
–
Relationship between E , N TU and C * . (See Derivation 1.)
2 – E ( 1 + C∗ – η )
log -----------------------------------------
2 ( exp [ NTU η ] – 1 ) e
2 – E ( 1 + C∗ + η )
E = -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- , NTU = ---------------------------------------------------- ,
( 1 + C∗ + η ) exp [ NTU η ] – ( 1 + C∗ – η ) η
2 ½
where η = ( C∗ + 1 ) .
2
Easymp = ------------------------ .
1 + C∗ + η
0 1 0.6 0.72
0.1 0.95 0.7 0.68
0.2 0.90 0.8 0.65
0.3 0.85 0.9 0.62
0.4 0.81 1 0.59
0.5 0.76
0 1 2 3 4
a 0.4925 –0.4799 0.1590
b –0.3470 6.6333 –17.0208 16.6687 –5.7242
c 100
d 0.1672 –4.5412 10.1234 –8.4520 2.4446
g 0.3481 0.7264 –0.2039
150
NTU
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1.0 1.0
SAT-E-SS-1
0.9 0.9
C*
0.8 0.8
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3 0.6
0.7 0.4 0.7
0.5 0.7
0.8
E E
0.9
0.6 1.0 0.6
*
C
151
0.5 0.5
95% of Emax
0.4 0.4
Temperature meet
ESDU 98005
Configuration Data
See Table 13.1
See Section 7.1
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
NTU
·c )
FIGURE 65 E-SHELL WITH EVEN NUMBER OF TUBE PASSES, MORE THAN FIVE BAFFLES, ( M p smaller IN EITHER STREAM
ESDU 98005
TABLE 13.2
1 E-Shell
3 Tube passes
·c )
(M p smaller on tubeside
–
> 5 Baffles
–
x–1
E = -------------- ,
x – C∗
3  ------- – 1 φ 1 exp ( η1 ) + φ2 λ exp ( η 1 ) + 2λ exp ( –3D 1 )

2
 C∗ 
where x = ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ,
6φ 1
λφ 2 + 2λ exp ( η1 ) exp ( 3D1 ) –  --------- + 3φ 1
 C∗ 
C∗ λN TU C∗ λN TU
φ 1 = 2 sinh  ---------------------- , φ 2 = 2 cosh  --------------------- ,
 6   6 
1⁄ 2 N TU C∗ NTU
 1 
λ =  9 – -------  1 – ------- 
4
, η 1 = ----------- and D1 = ----------------- .
 C∗  C∗  3 6
Easymp = 1 .
0 1 2 3 4
a 1 0 0
b –6.3760 26.1970 –49.7060 44.3240 –15.0130
c 1
d –0.1900 0.3790 –0.4900 0.5210 –0.2570
g 0.3765 0.7149 –0.2045
152
NTU
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1.0 1.0
SAT-E-SS-2
0.9 0.9
0.8 0.8
*
C
0.0
0.1
0.7 0.2 0. 6 0.7
0.3
0.4 0.7
E 0.5 0.8 E
0.9
0.6 0.6
1.0
C*
153
0.5 0.5
95% of Emax
Temperature meet
0.4 0.4
ESDU 98005
Configuration Data
See Table 13.2
0.3 0.3
Index of Geometries
See Section 7.1
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
NTU
·c )
FIGURE 66 E-SHELL WITH THREE TUBE PASSES, MORE THAN FIVE BAFFLES, ( M p smaller ON TUBESIDE
ESDU 98005
TABLE 13.3
1 E-Shell
3 Tube passes
·c )
(M p smaller on shellside
–
> 5 Baffles
–
x–1
E = ------------------ ,
C∗ x – 1
3 ( 2C∗ – 1 )φ 1 exp ( η 1 ) + λ exp ( η 1 )φ 2 + 2λ exp ( – 3D1 )
where x = -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ,
λφ2 + 2λ exp ( η 1 ) exp ( 3D1 ) – 6φ 1 C∗ + 3φ 1
λN TU NTU
φ 1 = 2 sinh  -------------- , φ 2 = 2 cosh  ---------- ,
 6   6 
1⁄ 2 C∗ N TU NTU
λ = { 9 – 4C∗ ( 1 – C∗ ) } , η 1 = ------------------ and D1 = ---------- .
3 6
Easymp = 1 .
0 1 2 3 4
a 1 0 0
b –4.8170 20.3290 –40.6850 37.3920 –12.7830
c 1
d –0.0160 0.1460 –0.4510 0.4440 –0.1570
g 0.3805 0.6907 –0.1925
154
NTU
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1.0 1.0
SAT-E-SS-3
0.9 0.9
0.8 C* 0.8
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.7 0.4 0. 6 0.7
0.5
0. 7
E 0.8 E
0.9
0.6 0.6
1.0
C*
155
0.5 0.5
95% of Emax
Temperature meet
0.4 0.4
Configuration Data
ESDU 98005
See Table 13.3
Index of Geometries
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
NTU
·c )
FIGURE 67 E-SHELL WITH THREE TUBE PASSES, MORE THAN FIVE BAFFLES, ( M p smaller ON SHELLSIDE
ESDU 98005
TABLE 13.4
1 E-Shell
2 Tube Passes
·c )
–
1 Baffle
*
Co-current
The analytical procedure used to generate the data is described in Part 5. See Derivation 9.
Since the curves pass through a maximum before reaching the asymptotic value, the following data are
provided to assist their use.

0 1 1 1
0.1 0.919 0.477 0
0.2 0.854 0.347 0
0.3 0.798 0.286 0
0.4 0.748 0.249 0
0.5 0.703 0.223 0
0.6 0.662 0.202 0
0.7 0.625 0.183 0
0.8 0.592 0.164 0
0.9 0.561 0.145 0
1 0.533 0.132 0
0 1 2 3 4
a 0.1657 –0.1275 0.0274
b 5.8903 –25.0230 48.5548 –44.4357 15.2967
c 100.000
d –1.0537 3.6272 –12.1106 15.3467 –6.3161
g –1.6000 3.3076 –1.0669
*
156
NTU
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1.0 1.0
SAT-E-SS-4
0.9 0.9
C*
0.0
0.1
0.8 0.8
0.2
0.3
0.7 0.4 0.7

0.6
0.5
E 0.7 E
0.6 0.8 0.6

0.9
1.0
157
0.5 C* 0.5
95% of Emax
Temperature meet
0.4 0.4
Configuration Data
See Table 13.4
ESDU 98005
Index of Geometries
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
NTU
·c )
FIGURE 68 E-SHELL WITH TWO TUBE PASSES, ONE BAFFLE, CO-CURRENT FLOW IN FIRST TUBESIDE PASS, ( M p smaller IN EITHER STREAM
ESDU 98005
TABLE 13.5
1 E-Shell
2 Tube passes
·c )
–
1 Baffle
*
Counter-current
Easymp = 1 .
0 1 2 3 4
a 1 0 0
b –5.3900 20.3390 –35.1400 28.8510 –9.1150
c 1
d –0.2200 0.2270 0.1820 –0.3650 0.1220
g 0.4493 –0.6088 0.6607
*
A counter-current configuration is defined as one where the tubeside outlet is located adjacent to the shellside inlet.
158
NTU
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1.0 1.0
SAT-E-SS-5
0.9 0.9
0.8 0.8
*
C
0.0
0.1
0.7 0.2 0.7
0.3 0. 6
0.4 0.7
E 0.5 0.8 E
0.9
0.6 0.6
1.0
C*
159
0.5 0.5
95% of Emax
Temperature meet
0.4 0.4
ESDU 98005
Configuration Data
0.3 See Table 13.5 0.3
Index of Geometries
See Section 7.1
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
NTU
·c )
FIGURE 69 E-SHELL WITH TWO TUBE PASSES, ONE BAFFLE, COUNTER-CURRENT FLOW, ( M p smaller IN EITHER STREAM
ESDU 98005
TABLE 13.6
1 E-Shell
2 Tube passes
·c )
–
2 Baffles
*
Co-current

0 1 1 1
0.1 0.931 0.665 0
0.2 0.873 0.546 0
0.3 0.820 0.475 0
0.4 0.771 0.423 0
0.5 0.726 0.377 0
0.6 0.685 0.331 0
0.7 0.648 0.284 0
0.8 0.613 0.237 0
0.9 0.582 0.199 0
1 0.553 0.172 0
0 1 2 3 4
a 0.2939 –0.2702 0.0819
b 1.8560 1.5240 –21.0960 –35.7650 –14.7980
c 100
d –0.5810 –10.8560 32.9960 –38.4420 15.3470
g –2.3779 4.1457 –1.2846
*
A co-current arrangement is defined as one where the tubeside inlet is located adjacent to the shellside inlet.
160
NTU
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1.0 1.0
SAT-E-SS-6
0.9 0.9
0.8 0.8
*
C
0.0
0.1
0.7 0.2 0.7
0.6
0.3
0.4 0.7
E 0.5 E
0.8
0.6 0.9 0.6
1.0
C*
161
0.5 0.5
95% of Emax
Temperature meet
0.4 0.4
ESDU 98005
Configuration Data
See Table 13.6
0.3 0.3
Index of Geometries
See Section 7.1
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
NTU
·c )
FIGURE 70 E-SHELL WITH TWO TUBE PASSES, TWO BAFFLES, CO-CURRENT FLOW, ( M p smaller IN EITHER STREAM
ESDU 98005
TABLE 13.7
1 E-Shell
2 Tube passes
·c )
–
2 Baffles
*
Counter-current
Easymp = 1 .
0 1 2 3 4
a 1 0 0
b –7.1600 31.7230 –62.8470 57.4930 –19.7760
c 1
d –0.2200 0.5460 –0.8650 0.7290 –0.2640
g –3.1144 4.3606 –1.1615
*
162
NTU
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1.0 1.0
SAT-E-SS-7
0.9 0.9
0.8 0.8
*
C
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.7
0.3 0 .6 0.7
0.4 0. 7
E 0.5
0.8 E
0.9
0.6 0.6
1.0
C*
163
0.5 0.5
95% of Emax
Temperature meet
0.4 0.4
ESDU 98005
Configuration Data
See Table 13.7
See Section 7.1
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
NTU
·c )
FIGURE 71 E-SHELL WITH TWO TUBE PASSES, TWO BAFFLES, COUNTER-CURRENT FLOW, ( M p smaller IN EITHER STREAM
ESDU 98005
TABLE 13.8
1 E-Shell
2 Tube passes
·c )
–
3 Baffles
*
Co-current

0 1 1 1
0.1 0.937 0.711 0
0.2 0.882 0.596 0
0.3 0.830 0.552 0
0.4 0.782 0.463 0
0.5 0.738 0.409 0
0.6 0.697 0.357 0
0.7 0.659 0.306 0
0.8 0.624 0.261 0
0.9 0.592 0.226 0
1 0.563 0.202 0
0 1 2 3 4
a 0.3584 –0.3487 0.1157
b 1.1090 5.6610 –30.3560 42.1080 –18.2900
c 100
d 0.6540 –11.4160 35.0760 –41.2540 16.6220
g –6.8712 9.7051 –3.0088
*
164
NTU
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1.0 1.0
SAT-E-SS-8 C*
0.0
0.9 0.9
0.1
0.2
0.8 0.3 0.8
0.4
0.5
0.7 0.6 0.7
0.7
E 0.8 E
0.6 0.9 0.6

1.0
C*
165
0.5 0.5
95% of Emax
Temperature meet
0.4 0.4
ESDU 98005
Configuration Data
See Table 13.8
See Section 7.1
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
NTU
·c )
FIGURE 72 E-SHELL WITH TWO TUBE PASSES, THREE BAFFLES, CO-CURRENT FLOW, ( M p smaller IN EITHER STREAM
ESDU 98005
TABLE 13.9
1 E-Shell
2 Tube passes
·c )
–
3 Baffles
*
Counter-current
Easymp = 1 .
0 1 2 3 4
a 1 0 0
b –5.5249 20.9132 –37.0698 30.9965 –9.8864
c 1
d –0.0650 –0.1723 0.7969 –0.9896 0.3906
g –3.6755 4.9267 –1.3063
*
166
NTU
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1.0 1.0
SAT-E-SS-9
0.9 0.9
C*
0.0
0.1
0.8 0.2 0.8
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.7 0.6 0.7

0. 7
E 0. 8 E
0. 9
0.6 0.6
1. 0
*
C
167
0.5 0.5
95% of Emax
Temperature meet
0.4 0.4
ESDU 98005
Configuration Data
0.3 See Table 13.9 0.3
Index of Geometries
See Section 7.1
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
NTU
·c )
FIGURE 73 E-SHELL WITH TWO TUBE PASSES, THREE BAFFLES, COUNTER-CURRENT FLOW, ( M p smaller IN EITHER STREAM
ESDU 98005
TABLE 13.10
1 E-Shell
2 Tube passes
·c )
–
4 Baffles
*
Co-current

0 1 1 1
0.1 0.941 0.782 0
0.2 0.886 0.684 0
0.3 0.836 0.604 0
0.4 0.789 0.529 0
0.5 0.744 0.458 0
0.6 0.703 0.391 0
0.7 0.666 0.332 0
0.8 0.630 0.283 0
0.9 0.598 0.246 0
1 0.569 0.220 0
0 1 2 3 4
a 0.3890 –0.3706 0.1189
b 0.8118 5.6410 –24.0789 30.2466 –12.3755
c 100
d –0.2342 –2.6371 6.5706 –5.8350 1.7966
g –9.1837 12.3459 –3.7575
*
168
NTU
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1.0 1.0
SAT-E-SS-10
0.9 C* 0.9
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.8 0.4 0.8
0.5
0.6
0.7 0.7
0.7
E 0.8 E
0.9
0.6 0.6
1.0
C*
169
0.5 0.5
95% of Emax
Temperature meet
0.4 0.4
ESDU 98005
Configuration Data
0.3 See Table 13.10 0.3
Index of Geometries
See Section 7.1
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
NTU
·c )
FIGURE 74 E-SHELL WITH TWO TUBE PASSES, FOUR BAFFLES, CO-CURRENT FLOW, ( M p smaller IN EITHER STREAM
ESDU 98005
TABLE 13.11
1 E-Shell
2 Tube passes
·c )
–
4 Baffles
*
Counter-current
Easymp = 1 .
0 1 2 3 4
a 1 0 0
b –5.6458 22.4366 –41.9078 36.7585 –12.2119
c 1
d –0.0800 0.1125 –0.0625 0 0
g –2.8624 3.8189 –0.9479
*
170
NTU
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1.0 1.0
SAT-E-SS-11
0.9 0.9
*
C
0.0
0.1
0.8 0.2 0.8
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.7 0.7
0 .6
E 0.7 E
0. 8
0.6 0. 9 0.6
1.0
C*
171
0.5 0.5
95% of Emax
Temperature meet
0.4 0.4
ESDU 98005
Configuration Data
0.3
See Table 13.11 0.3
Index of Geometries
See Section 7.1
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
NTU
·c )
FIGURE 75 E-SHELL WITH TWO TUBE PASSES, FOUR BAFFLES, COUNTER-CURRENT FLOW, ( M p smaller IN EITHER STREAM
ESDU 98005
13.2 Multiple E-shells
TABLE 13.12
Shell-and-tube SAT-E-MS-1
2 E-shells
passes
·
Series/series
–
Overall counter-current
2 – α ( 1 + C∗ – η )
– loge -----------------------------------------
2 – α ( 1 + C∗ + η ) δ∗
NTU = -------------------------------------------------------------- . ------- ,
η δ
2 ½
where η = ( C∗ + 1 ) ,
( 1⁄ S )
1–X E EC∗ – 1
α = ------------------------- = ---------------------------- , X = --------------------- ,
C∗ – X
( 1⁄ S )
C∗ ≠ 1 S – E ( S – 1 ) C∗ = 1 E–1
C∗ – 1 1–α C∗ – 1 1–E
δ∗ = ------------------------------------ = ------------ , δ = ------------------------------------ = ----------- , S = 2.
1–α α 1–E E
loge ------------------- C∗ ≠ 1 C∗ = 1 loge ------------------- C∗ = 1 C∗ = 1
1 – αC∗ 1 – EC∗
S
Z –1 2S
Easymp = ------------------ = ------------------ ,
Z – C∗ C∗ ≠ 1 2S + 2 C∗ = 1
S
η – C∗ + 1
where Z = ------------------------ .
η + C∗ – 1
C∗ E max C∗ E max
0 1 0.6 0.89
0.1 1 0.7 0.85
0.2 0.99 0.8 0.81
0.3 0.97 0.9 0.78
0.4 0.95 1 0.74
0.5 0.92
0 1 2 3 4
a 1.1022 –0.7416 0.1177
b –1.8040 8.5229 –12.9323 8.8021 –2.3157
c 100
d –0.0949 –0.4409 –0.9005 2.6621 –1.3703
g –0.2946 1.3929 –0.3773
172
NTU
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1.0 1.0
C*
0.0
SAT-E-MS-1 0.1
0.9 0.2 0.9
0.3
0.6
0.4
0.5 0.7
0.8 0.8 0.8

0.9
1.0
0.7 C* 0.7
E E
0.6 0.6
173
0.5 0.5
95% of Emax
Temperature meet
0.4 0.4
ESDU 98005
Configuration Data
0.3
See Table 13.12 0.3
Index of Geometries
See Section 7.2
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
NTU
·c )
FIGURE 76 TWO E-SHELLS IN SERIES, ANY EVEN NUMBER OF TUBE PASSES, ( M p smaller IN EITHER STREAM
ESDU 98005
TABLE 13.13
3 E-shells
passes
·
Series/series
–
2 – α ( 1 + C∗ – η )
– loge -----------------------------------------
2 – α ( 1 + C∗ + η ) δ∗
NTU = -------------------------------------------------------------- . ------- ,
η δ
2 ½
where η = ( C∗ + 1 ) ,
( 1⁄ S )
1–X E EC∗ – 1
α = ------------------------- = ---------------------------- , X = --------------------- ,
C∗ – X
( 1⁄ S )
C∗ ≠ 1 S – E ( S – 1 ) C∗ = 1 E–1
C∗ – 1 1–α C∗ – 1 1–E
δ∗ = ------------------------------------ = ------------ , δ = ------------------------------------ = ----------- , S = 3.
1–α α 1–E E
loge ------------------- C∗ ≠ 1 C∗ = 1 loge ------------------- C∗ = 1 C∗ = 1
1 – αC∗ 1 – EC∗
S
Z –1 2S
Easymp = ------------------ = ------------------ ,
Z – C∗ C∗ ≠ 1 2S + 2 C∗ = 1
S
η – C∗ + 1
where Z = ------------------------ .
η + C∗ – 1
0 1 0.6 0.95
0.1 1 0.7 0.92
0.2 1 0.8 0.89
0.3 1 0.9 0.85
0.4 0.99 1 0.81
0.5 0.97
0 1 2 3 4
a 1.0689 –0.1906 –0.2590
b –0.6690 0.9210 3.2600 –6.1460 2.8670
c 100
d –0.0870 –0.6360 0.9710 –0.4290 0.0780
g –0.8504 1.7842 –0.4287
174
NTU
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1.0 1.0
SAT-E-MS-2
0.9 0.9
C*
0.0
0.1 0.6
0.2 0. 7
0.8 0.3 0.8
0.8
0.4
0.5 0.9
1.0*
C
0.7 0.7
E E
0.6 0.6
175
0.5 0.5
95% of Emax
Temperature meet
0.4 0.4
ESDU 98005
Configuration Data
See Table 13.13
See Section 7.2
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
NTU
·c )
FIGURE 77 THREE E-SHELLS IN SERIES, ANY EVEN NUMBER OF TUBE PASSES, ( M p smaller IN EITHER STREAM
ESDU 98005
TABLE 13.14
4 E-shells
passes
·
Series/series
–
2 – α ( 1 + C∗ – η )
– loge -----------------------------------------
2 – α ( 1 + C∗ + η ) δ∗
NTU = -------------------------------------------------------------- . ------- ,
η δ
2 ½
where η = ( C∗ + 1 ) ,
( 1⁄ S )
1–X E EC∗ – 1
α = ------------------------- = ---------------------------- , X = --------------------- ,
C∗ – X
( 1⁄ S )
C∗ ≠ 1 S – E ( S – 1 ) C∗ = 1 E–1
C∗ – 1 1–α C∗ – 1 1–E
δ∗ = ------------------------------------ = ------------ , δ = ------------------------------------ = ----------- , S = 4.
1–α α 1–E E
loge ------------------- C∗ ≠ 1 C∗ = 1 log ------------------- ∗ C∗ = 1
1 – αC∗ e
1 – EC∗ C = 1
S
Z –1 2S
Easymp = ------------------ = ------------------ ,
Z – C∗ C∗ ≠ 1 2S + 2 C∗ = 1
S
η – C∗ + 1
where Z = ------------------------ .
η + C∗ – 1
0 1 0.6 0.98
0.1 1 0.7 0.96
0.2 1 0.8 0.93
0.3 1 0.9 0.89
0.4 1 1 0.85
0.5 0.99
0 1 2 3 4
a 0.9606 0.2802 –0.5404
b 0.3910 –4.4280 12.1980 –12.3960 4.4340
c 100
d –0.2800 0.2210 –0.4990 0.7300 –0.2570
g –2.0691 2.8393 –0.6565
176
NTU
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1.0 1.0
SAT-E-MS-3
0.9 0.9
C*
0.0 0. 6
0.1 0.7
0.2
0.3 0.8
0.8 0 .9 0.8
0.4
0.5
1 .0
C*
0.7 0.7
E E
0.6 0.6
177
0.5 0.5
95% of Emax
Temperature meet
0.4 0.4
ESDU 98005
Configuration Data
0.3
See Table 13.14 0.3
Index of Geometries
See Section 7.2
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
NTU
·c )
FIGURE 78 FOUR E-SHELLS IN SERIES, ANY EVEN NUMBER OF TUBE PASSES, ( M p smaller IN EITHER STREAM
ESDU 98005
TABLE 13.15
5 E-shells
Even number of tube passes
·c )
Series/series
–
2 – α ( 1 + C∗ – η )
– loge -----------------------------------------
2 – α ( 1 + C∗ + η ) δ∗
NTU = -------------------------------------------------------------- . ------- ,
η δ
2 ½
where η = ( C∗ + 1 ) ,
( 1⁄ S )
1–X E EC∗ – 1
α = ------------------------- = ---------------------------- , X = --------------------- ,
C∗ – X
( 1⁄ S )
C∗ ≠ 1 S – E ( S – 1 ) C∗ = 1 E–1
C∗ – 1 1–α C∗ – 1 1–E
δ∗ = ------------------------------------ = ------------ , δ = ------------------------------------ = ----------- , S = 5.
1–α α 1–E E
------------------- ∗ -------------------
loge
1 – αC∗ C ≠ 1 C∗ = 1 loge
1 – EC∗ C = 1
∗ C∗ = 1
S
Z –1 2S
Easymp = ------------------ = ------------------ ,
Z – C∗ C∗ ≠ 1 2S + 2 C∗ = 1
S
η – C∗ + 1
where Z = ------------------------ .
η + C∗ – 1
0 1 0.6 0.99
0.1 1 0.7 0.97
0.2 1 0.8 0.95
0.3 1 0.9 0.92
0.4 1 1 0.88
0.5 1
0 1 2 3 4
a 0.8800 0.5684 –0.6953
b 0.7090 –4.0290 6.9690 –4.2710 0.7780
c 100
d –0.1600 0.0170 –0.1250 0.2080 0.0000
g –3.0005 3.5326 –0.7806
178
NTU
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1.0 1.0
SAT-E-MS-4
0.9 C* 0.9
0.0
0.1 0. 6
0.2 0. 7
0.3
0.8 0.4 0.8 0.8
0.5 0. 9
1.0
C*
0.7 0.7
E E
0.6 0.6
179
0.5 0.5
95% of Emax
Temperature meet
0.4 0.4
ESDU 98005
Configuration Data
See Table 13.15
See Section 7.2
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
NTU
·c )
FIGURE 79 FIVE E-SHELLS IN SERIES, ANY EVEN NUMBER OF TUBE PASSES, ( M p smaller IN EITHER STREAM
ESDU 98005
TABLE 13.16
6 E-shells
·c )
Series/series
–
2 – α ( 1 + C∗ – η )
– loge -----------------------------------------
2 – α ( 1 + C∗ + η ) δ∗
NTU = -------------------------------------------------------------- . ------- ,

η δ
2 ½
where η = ( C∗ + 1 ) ,
( 1⁄ S )
1–X E EC∗ – 1
α = ------------------------- = ---------------------------- , X = --------------------- ,
C∗ – X
( 1⁄ S )
C∗ ≠ 1 S – E ( S – 1 ) C∗ = 1 E–1
C∗ – 1 1–α C∗ – 1 1–E
δ∗ = ------------------------------------ = ------------ , δ = ------------------------------------ = ----------- , S = 6.
1–α α 1–E E
loge ------------------- C∗ ≠ 1 C∗ = 1 loge ------------------- C∗ = 1 C∗ = 1
1 – αC∗ 1 – EC∗
S
Z –1 2S
Easymp = ------------------ = ------------------ ,
Z – C∗ C∗ ≠ 1 2S + 2 C∗ = 1
S
η – C∗ + 1
where Z = ------------------------ .
η + C∗ – 1
0 1 0.6 1
0.1 1 0.7 0.99
0.2 1 0.8 0.97
0.3 1 0.9 0.94
0.4 1 1 0.90
0.5 1
0 1 2 3 4
a 0.8342 0.7155 –0.7597
b 1.0290 –6.4630 13.9470 –12.8130 4.4360
c 100
d –0.0500 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 –0.0010
g –3.4632 3.71210 –0.7722
180
NTU
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1.0 1.0
C*
0.0
SAT-E-MS-5 0.1
0. 6
0.9 0.2 0.9
0.3 0. 7
0.4 0. 8
0.5
0.9
0.8 1.0 0.8
C*
0.7 0.7
E E
0.6 0.6
181
0.5 0.5
95% of Emax
Temperature meet
0.4 0.4
ESDU 98005
Configuration Data
See Table 13.16
See Section 7.2
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
NTU
·c )
FIGURE 80 SIX E-SHELLS IN SERIES, ANY EVEN NUMBER OF TUBE PASSES, ( M p smaller IN EITHER STREAM
ESDU 98005
TABLE 13.17
2 E-shells
passes
·
( M c p ) smaller on parallel side
Series/parallel
–
–
2
C∗ E 1
E = E 1 – -------------- ,
4
ηN TU
2  1 – exp  --------------- 
  2 
where E 1 = --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
∗ C∗ ηN TU
1 + C ------- – η –  1 + ------- + η exp  -------------- -
 2   2   2 
2
C∗
and η = 1 + --------- .
4
2
C∗ E ′1
E asymp = E ′1 – --------------- ,
4
2
where E′1 = ------------------------------ .
1 + C ∗
------- + η
 2 
0 1 0.6 0.744
0.1 0.951 0.7 0.709
0.2 0.905 0.8 0.677
0.3 0.861 0.9 0.647
0.4 0.820 1 0.618
0.5 0.781
0 1 2 3 4
a 0.4945 –0.3498 0.0913
b 0.6360 –2.5793 5.6236 –5.7121 1.8317
c 100
d –0.5900 2.3814 –5.7905 5.988 –2.2235
g 0.0856 1.0344 –0.3082
182
NTU
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1.0 1.0
SAT-E-MS-6
0.9 0.9
*
C
0.0
0.1
0.8 0.2 0.8
0.3
0.4
0.6
0.5
0.7
0.7 0.7
0.8
E 0.9
E
1.0
0.6 C* 0.6
183
0.5 0.5
95% of Emax
Temperature meet
0.4 0.4
ESDU 98005
Configuration Data
0.3 See Table 13.17 0.3
Index of Geometries
See Section 7.2
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
NTU
·c )
FIGURE 81 TWO E-SHELLS IN SERIES/PARALLEL, ANY EVEN NUMBER OF TUBE PASSES, ( M p smaller ON PARALLEL SIDE
ESDU 98005
TABLE 13.18
2 E-shells
passes
·c )
(M p smaller on series side
Series/parallel
–
–
2
E = 2E 1 – E 1 ,
ηN TU
2  1 – exp  --------------- 
  2 
where E 1 = -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ηN TU
( 1 + 2C∗ – η ) – ( 1 + 2C∗ + η ) exp  ---------------
 2 
2
and η = 1 + 4C∗ .
′2
E asymp = 2E 1′ – E 1 ,
2
where E′1 = -------------------------------- .
( 1 + 2C∗ + η )
0 1 0.6 0.781
0.1 0.990 0.7 0.735
0.2 0.963 0.8 0.693
0.3 0.923 0.9 0.654
0.4 0.877 1 0.618
0.5 0.828
0 1 2 3 4
a 0.9953 –1.2689 0.5096
b –3.9750 24.2700 –53.1230 51.3190 –18.2770
c 100
d –0.3150 0.1070 –0.0020 –0.0020 –0.0070
g 0.0895 0.9842 –0.2692
184
NTU
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1.0 1.0
SAT-E-MS-7
0.9 0.9
C*
0.0
0.1
0.8 0.2 0.8
0.3 0.6
0.4
0.5 0.7
0.7 0.8 0.7
0.9
E E
1.0
0.6 C* 0.6
185
0.5 0.5
95% of Emax
Temperature meet
0.4 0.4
ESDU 98005
Configuration Data
0.3 See Table 13.18 0.3
Index of Geometries
See Section 7.2
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
NTU
·c )
FIGURE 82 TWO E-SHELLS IN SERIES/PARALLEL, ANY EVEN NUMBER OF TUBE PASSES, ( M p smaller ON SERIES SIDE
ESDU 98005
TABLE 13.19
3 E-shells
passes
·c )
(M p smaller on parallel side
Series/parallel
–
–
2 3
C∗ 2 C∗ E 1
E = E 1 – ------- E 1 + ---------------- ,
3 27
ηN TU
 1 – exp  -------------- - 
  3 
where E 1 = --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
∗ C∗ ηN TU
1 + C ------- – η –  1 + ------- + η exp ---------------
 3   3  3
2
and C∗
η = 1 + --------- .
9
2 3 2
C∗ E ′1 C∗ E ′1
E asymp = E ′1 – --------------- + ------------------ ,
3 27
2
where E′1 = ------------------------------ .
1 + C ∗
------- + η
 3 
0 1 0.6 0.748
0.1 0.951 0.7 0.715
0.2 0.906 0.8 0.683
0.3 0.863 0.9 0.653
0.4 0.822 1 0.626
0.5 0.784
0 1 2 3 4
a 0.4943 –0.3234 0.0802
b 0.2252 –0.0419 –0.4942 1.0654 –0.5137
c 100
d –0.1990 0.0561 0.1793 –0.2614 0.1122
g –0.0566 1.0758 –0.2760
186
NTU
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1.0 1.0
SAT-E-MS-8 C*
0.9 0.9
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.8 0.4 0.8
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.7 0.7
0.8
0.9
E E
1.0
0.6 C* 0.6
187
0.5 0.5
95% of Emax
Temperature meet
0.4 0.4
ESDU 98005
Configuration Data
See Table 13.19
See Section 7.2
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
NTU
·c )
FIGURE 83 THREE E-SHELLS IN SERIES/PARALLEL, ANY EVEN NUMBER OF TUBE PASSES, ( M p smaller ON PARALLEL SIDE
ESDU 98005
TABLE 13.20
3 E-shells
passes
·c )
Series/parallel
–
–
2 3
E = 3E1 – 3E1 + E1 ,
ηN TU
2  1 – exp  --------------- 
  3 
where E 1 = -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ηN TU
( 1 + 3C∗ – η ) – ( 1 + 3C∗ + η ) exp  ---------------
 3 
1 + 9C∗ .
2
and η =
2 3
E asymp = 3E ′1 – 3E ′1 + E ′1 ,
2
where E′1 = -------------------------------- .
( 1 + 3C∗ + η )
0 1 0.6 0.796
0.1 0.997 0.7 0.748
0.2 0.979 0.8 0.704
0.3 0.943 0.9 0.663
0.4 0.897 1 0.626
0.5 0.847
0 1 2 3 4
a 1.1535 –1.5365 0.6341
b –3.8510 23.1050 –50.8970 49.7780 –17.9200
c 100
d –0.2000 0.0000 –0.0020 –0.0010 –0.0060
g –0.0272 1.0337 –0.2616
188
NTU
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1.0 1.0
SAT-E-MS-9 C*
0.0
0.9 0.9
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.8 0.6 0.8
0.7
0.7 0.8 0.7

0.9
E E
1.0
0.6 C* 0.6
189
0.5 0.5
95% of Emax
Temperature meet
0.4 0.4
ESDU 98005
Configuration Data
0.3 See Table 13.20 0.3
Index of Geometries
See Section 7.2
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
NTU
·c )
FIGURE 84 THREE E-SHELLS IN SERIES/PARALLEL, ANY EVEN NUMBER OF TUBE PASSES, ( M p smaller ON SERIES SIDE
ESDU 98005
TABLE 13.21
4 E-shells
·c )
(M p smaller on parallel side
Series/parallel
–
–
3 2 1 3 2 1 4 3
E = E 1 – --- E 1 C∗ + ------ E 1 C∗ – --------- E 1 C∗ ,
8 16 256
ηN TU
2  1 – exp  --------------- 
  4 
where E 1 = --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
∗ C∗ ηN TU
1 + C ------- – η –  1 + ------- + η exp  ---------------
 4   4   4 
2
and C∗
η =
1 + --------- .
16
3 2 1 3 2 1 4 3
E asymp = E ′1 – --- E ′1 C∗ + ------ E ′1 C∗ – --------- E ′1 C∗ ,
8 16 256
2
where E′1 = --------------------------------- .
1 + C ∗
------- + C∗
 4 
0 1 0.6 0.750
0.1 0.952 0.7 0.717
0.2 0.906 0.8 0.685
0.3 0.863 0.9 0.655
0.4 0.823 1 0.628
0.5 0.785
0 1 2 3 4
a 0.4941 –0.3139 0.0766
b –0.2175 5.2367 –16.9873 21.2218 –9.0325
c 100
d 0.2410 –5.3697 16.8948 –20.8343 8.8632
g –0.4142 1.5796 –0.4490
190
NTU
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1.0 1.0
SAT-E-MS-10
0.9 C* 0.9
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.8 0.3 0.8
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.7 0.7
0.8
0.9
E E
1.0
0.6 C* 0.6
191
0.5 0.5
95% of Emax
Temperature meet
0.4 0.4
ESDU 98005
Configuration Data
See Table 13.21
0.3 0.3
Index of Geometries
See Section 7.2
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
NTU
·c )
FIGURE 85 FOUR E-SHELLS IN SERIES/PARALLEL, ANY EVEN NUMBER OF TUBE PASSES, ( M p smaller ON PARALLEL SIDE
ESDU 98005
TABLE 13.22
4 E-shells
passes
·c )
Series/parallel
–
–
2 3 4
E = 4E1 – 6E1 + 4E1 – E1 ,
ηN TU
2  1 – exp  --------------- 
  4 
where E 1 = -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ηN TU
( 1 + 4C∗ – η ) – ( 1 + 4C∗ + η ) exp  ---------------
 4 
2
and η = 1 + 6C∗ .
2 3 ′4
E asymp = 4E ′1 – 6E ′1 + 4E ′1 – E 1 ,
2
where E′1 = -------------------------------- .
( 1 + 4C∗ + η )
0 1 0.6 0.802
0.1 0.999 0.7 0.753
0.2 0.985 0.8 0.708
0.3 0.952 0.9 0.666
0.4 0.906 1 0.628
0.5 0.854
0 1 2 3 4
a 1.2216 –1.6561 0.6913
b –3.3410 15.8830 –27.1560 20.9190 –6.0730
c 100
d –0.2050 –0.0040 –0.0020 –0.0010 –0.0000
g –0.1117 1.0790 –0.2636
192
NTU
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1.0 1.0
SAT-E-MS-11 C*
0.9 0.9
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.8 0.4 0.6 0.8
0.5
0.7
0.8
0.7 0.7
0.9
E 1.0 E
0.6 C* 0.6
193
0.5 0.5
95% of Emax
Temperature meet
0.4 0.4
ESDU 98005
Configuration Data
0.3 See Table 13.22 0.3
Index of Geometries
See Section 7.2
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
NTU
·c )
FIGURE 86 FOUR E-SHELLS IN SERIES/PARALLEL, ANY EVEN NUMBER OF TUBE PASSES, ( M p smaller ON SERIES SIDE
ESDU 98005
13.3 Single F-shells
TABLE 13.23
Shell-and-tube SAT-F-SS-1
1 F-shell
–
·c )
–
Y = 0.02
–
2X
E = --------------------------------- ,
1 + X + C∗ X
exp ( ZN TU ) – 1
where X = -------------------------------------------------- ,
Z [ exp ( ZN TU ) + 1 ]
2
Z = 4C∗ 2 Y + ( 1 – C∗ )
and Y = 0.2 .
2X′
E asymp = ------------------------------------- ,
1 + X′ + C∗ X′
1
where X′ = --- .
Z
0 1 0.6 0.983
0.1 1 0.7 0.971
0.2 0.999 0.8 0.951
0.3 0.997 0.9 0.920
0.4 0.995 1 0.876
0.5 0.990
194
NTU
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1.0 1.0
SAT-F-SS-1
C* 0. 6
0.9 0.9
0. 7
0.0
0.1 0. 8
0.2
0. 9
0.3
0.8 0.4 1.0 0.8
0.5 C*
0.7 0.7
E
No temperature meet
E
0.6 0.6
195

See Table 13.23
Index of Geometries
See Section 7.3
0.4 0.4
ESDU 98005
95% of Emax
0.3 0.3
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
NTU
·c )
FIGURE 87 F-SHELL, Y = 0.02, ( M p smaller ON TUBESIDE
ESDU 98005
TABLE 13.24
1 F-shell
–
·c )
–
Y = 0.02
–
2X
E = ----------------------------- ,
X
1 + X + -------
C∗
exp ( ZN TU ) – 1
where X = -------------------------------------------------- ,
Z [ exp ( ZN TU ) + 1 ]
1 2
--------- +  1 – -------
4Y
Z =
 C∗
C∗ 2
and Y = 0.2 .
2X′
E asymp = ------------------------------------- ,
 1 + X′ + ------ X′ 
-
 C∗
1
where X′ = --- .
Z
0 0.981 0.6 0.957
0.1 0.979 0.7 0.947
0.2 0.976 0.8 0.932
0.3 0.973 0.9 0.909
0.4 0.969 1 0.876
0.5 0.964
196
NTU
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1.0 1.0
SAT-F-SS-2
0.9 C* 0.9
0.0
0.1 0. 6
0.2 0.7
0.3 0.8
0.8 0.4 0.8
0. 9
0.5
1. 0
C*
0.7 0.7
E No temperature meet
E
0.6 0.6
197

See Table 13.24
Index of Geometries
See Section 7.3
0.4 0.4
ESDU 98005
95% of Emax
0.3 0.3
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
NTU
·c )
FIGURE 88 F-SHELL, Y = 0.02, ( M p smaller ON SHELLSIDE
ESDU 98005
TABLE 13.25
1 F-shell
–
·c )
–
Y = 0.04
–
2X
E = --------------------------------- ,
1 + X + C∗ X
exp ( ZN TU ) – 1
where X = -------------------------------------------------- ,
Z [ exp ( ZN TU ) + 1 ]
2
Z = 4C∗ 2 Y + ( 1 – C∗ )
and Y = 0.04 .
2X′
E asymp = ------------------------------------------ ,
( 1 + X′ + C∗ X′ )
1
where X′ = --- .
Z
0 1.000 0.6 0.968
0.1 1.000 0.7 0.948
0.2 0.998 0.8 0.919
0.3 0.995 0.9 0.880
0.4 0.990 1 0.833
0.5 0.981
198
NTU
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1.0 1.0
C*
SAT-F-SS-3 0.0
0.9 0.1 0.6 0.9
0.2 0. 7
0.3 0. 8
0.4
0.5 0. 9
0.8 0.8
1.0
C*
0.7 0.7
No temperature meet
E E
0.6 0.6
199

See Table 13.25
Index of Geometries
See Section 7.3
0.4 0.4
ESDU 98005
95% of Emax
0.3 0.3
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
NTU
·c )
FIGURE 89 F-SHELL, Y = 0.04, ( M p smaller ON TUBESIDE
ESDU 98005
TABLE 13.26
1 F-shell
–
·c )
–
Y = 0.04
–
2X
E = ----------------------------- ,
X
1 + X + -------
C∗
exp ( ZN TU ) – 1
where X = -------------------------------------------------- ,
Z [ exp ( ZN TU ) + 1 ]
1 2
--------- +  1 – -------
4Y
Z =
 C∗
C∗ 2
and Y = 0.04 .
2X′
E asymp = ------------------------------- ,
X′
1 + X′ + -------
C∗
1
where X′ = --- .
Z
0 0.963 0.6 0.923
0.1 0.959 0.7 0.909
0.2 0.955 0.8 0.890
0.3 0.950 0.9 0.865
0.4 0.943 1 0.833
0.5 0.934
200
NTU
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1.0 1.0
C*
SAT-F-SS-4 0.0
0.9 0.1 0.9
0.2
0.3
0.4 0.6
0.5 0 .7
0.8 0. 8 0.8
0.9
1.0
C*
0.7 0.7
E E
No temperature meet
0.6 0.6
201

See Table 13.26
Index of Geometries
See Section 7.3
0.4 0.4
ESDU 98005
95% of Emax
0.3 0.3
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
NTU
·c )
FIGURE 90 F-SHELL, Y = 0.04, ( M p smaller ON SHELLSIDE
ESDU 98005
13.4 Single G-shells
TABLE 13.27
Shell-and-tube SAT-G-SS-1
1 G-shell
2 Tube passes
·c )
–
–
–
J–1
E = ---------------------------------------- ,
J + 2C∗ exp [ a ]
1
where J = -------------- { ( 1 + G + 2C∗ G ) exp [ a ] + 2C∗ D } ,
1–D
1 – exp [ – b ] N TU
G = -------------------------------- = ----------- ,
2C∗ – 1 C∗ ≠ 0.5 2 C∗ = 0.5
( 1 – exp [ – a ] )
D = ------------------------------------- ,
2C∗ + 1
( 2C∗ + 1 ) ( 2C∗ – 1 )
a = -------------------------- N TU and b = -------------------------- N TU .
4 2
2C∗ + 1
E asymp = 1 = --------------------------------------- .
∗
C ≤ 0.5 ∗ 2
2C + C + 1 C = 0.5 ∗ ∗
C ∗ E asymp C∗ E asymp
0 1 0.6 0.95
0.1 1 0.7 0.90
0.2 1 0.8 0.85
0.3 1 0.9 0.80
0.4 1 1 0.75
0.5 1
0 1 2 3 4
a 1.3499 –0.8914 0.0415
b –1.4460 7.0226 –17.7751 22.8000 –10.3501
c 100
d –0.8973 5.7701 –13.9255 12.5809 –3.6678
g 0.4679 0.6678 –0.2141
202
NTU
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1.0 1.0
SAT-G-SS-1 C*
0.0
0.9 0.1 0.9
0.2
0.3
0.4 0 .6
0.5
0.8 0.7 0.8
0.8
0. 9
1. 0
0.7 0.7
C*
E E
0.6 0.6
203
0.5 0.5
95% of Emax
Temperature meet
0.4 0.4
ESDU 98005
Configuration Data
See Table 13.27
See Section 7.4
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
NTU
·c )
FIGURE 91 G-SHELL WITH TWO TUBE PASSES, ( M p smaller ON TUBESIDE
ESDU 98005
TABLE 13.28
Shell-and-tube SAT-G-SS-2
1 G-shell
2 Tube passes
·
( M c p ) smaller on shellside
–
–
–
Relationship between E , N TU and C∗ . (See Derivation 5).
J–1
E = ---------------------------------------- ,
JC∗ + 2 exp [ a ]
1
where J = --------------------------- { ( C∗ + GC∗ + 2G ) exp [ a ] + 2D } ,
( 1 – D )C∗
C∗ ( 1 – exp [ – b ] )
G = --------------------------------------------- = N TU ,
2 – C∗ C∗ ≠ 2 C∗ = 2
C∗ ( 1 – exp [ – a ] )
D = --------------------------------------------- ‘
2 + C∗
( 2 + C∗ ) ( 2 – C∗ )
a = ----------------------- N TU and b = ---------------------- N TU .
4 2
2 + C∗
E asymp = ----------------------------------- .
C∗ 2 + C∗ + 2
0 1 0.6 0.88
0.1 1 0.7 0.85
0.2 0.98 0.8 0.81
0.3 0.96 0.9 0.78
0.4 0.94 1 0.75
0.5 0.91
0 1 2 3 4
a 1.0295 –0.6813 0.1518
b –1.5692 10.7877 –22.5836 20.4970 –6.8786
c 100
d –0.4158 –0.3840 1.9482 –2.0668 0.7850
g 0.4694 0.6362 –0.1934
204
NTU
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1.0 1.0
C*
SAT-G-SS-2
0.0
0.9 0.1 0.9
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5 0. 6
0.8 0.8
0.7
0 .8
0.9
0.7 1.0 0.7

C*
E E
0.6 0.6
205
0.5 0.5
95% of Emax
Temperature meet
0.4 0.4
ESDU 98005
Configuration Data
0.3 See Table 13.28 0.3
Index of Geometries
See Section 7.4
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
NTU
·c )
FIGURE 92 G-SHELL WITH TWO TUBE PASSES, ( M p smaller ON SHELLSIDE
ESDU 98005
13.5 Single J-shells
TABLE 13.29
Shell-and-tube SAT-J-SS-1
1 J-shell
1 Tube pass
·c )
–
>9 Baffles
–

∗
– ( C + 0.5 )
2C∗ – 1  2C∗ + φ 
E = 1 –  ---------------------  -----------------------------------------------
 2C∗ + 1  – ( C∗ – 0.5 ) 
2C∗ – φ C∗ ≠ 0.5
1
1 + ---
or φ
E = 1 – ------------------------ ,
2 + log e φ ∗
C = 0.5
where φ = exp [ N TU ] .
2
E asymp = 1.0 = --------------------- .
C∗ ≤ 0.5 ∗
2C + 1 C∗ > 0.5
0 1 0.6 0.91
0.1 1 0.7 0.83
0.2 1 0.8 0.77
0.3 1 0.9 0.71
0.4 1 1.0 0.67
0.5 1
0 1 2 3 4
a 1.7619 –2.2222 0.7937
b –3.7036 11.3170 –12.5946 6.3827 –1.2436
c 10
d –0.6724 3.4658 –7.7369 7.1540 –2.3475
g 0.3715 0.7450 –0.2195
206
NTU
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1.0 1.0
SAT-J-SS-1
0.9 0.9
0.8 0.8
C*
0.0
0.1 0. 6
0.2
0.7 0.3 0.7 0.7
0.4 0. 8
0.5
E 0.9 E
1.0
0.6 0.6
C*
207
0.5 0.5
95% of Emax
Temperature meet
0.4 0.4
ESDU 98005
Configuration Data
See Table 13.29
See Section 7.5
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
NTU
·c )
FIGURE 93 J-SHELL WITH ONE TUBE PASS, MORE THAN NINE BAFFLES, ( M p smaller ON TUBESIDE
ESDU 98005
TABLE 13.30
1 J-shell
1 Tube pass
·c )
–
>9 Baffles
–
1/C ∗ – 0.5
 2 – C∗  2φ + C∗ φ  1
E =  1 –  -----------------  --------------------------------------------  ------∗- ,
 2 + C∗  1/C∗
 – C∗ φ  C
0.5
2φ
where φ = exp [ N TU C∗ ] .
2
E asymp = ----------------- .
2 + C∗
0 1 0.6 0.77
0.1 0.95 0.7 0.74
0.2 0.91 0.8 0.71
0.3 0.87 0.9 0.69
0.4 0.83 1 0.67
0.5 0.80
0 1 2 3 4
a 0.4928 –0.2109 0.0514
b 0.2410 –0.1000 0 0 0
c 10
d –0.4710 1.0990 –2.9390 3.7500 –1.5660
g 0.3765 0.7149 –0.2045
208
NTU
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1.0 1.0
SAT-J-SS-2
0.9 0.9
0.8 C* 0.8
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.7 0.4 0 .6 0.7

0.5
0.7
E 0.8
E
0. 9
0.6 1.0 0.6
*
C
209
0.5 0.5
95% of Emax
Temperature meet
0.4 0.4
ESDU 98005
Configuration Data
0.3 See Table 13.30 0.3
Index of Geometries
See Section 7.5
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
NTU
·c )
FIGURE 94 J-SHELL WITH ONE TUBE PASS, MORE THAN NINE BAFFLES, ( M p smaller ON SHELLSIDE
ESDU 98005
TABLE 13.31
1 J-shell
2 Tube passes
·
( M c p ) smaller on tubeside
–
>9 Baffles
*
Counter-current
2
E = --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ,
 C∗ ( 1 + λ )/2 
 φ 
-----------------------------
 C∗ λ C∗ λ C∗ ( λ – 1 )/2 
 φ + 1 φ –1 λφ 
1 + 2C∗  1 + λ  ----------------------- – 2λ -------------------------------------------- 1 + --------------------------------- 
∗λ ∗λ ∗λ
 φ C
– 1 φ C
+ 1 φ
C
–1 
 1 + λ  ----------------------- 
  φ C∗ λ – 1 
 
1 + 4C∗ 2
where φ = exp [ N TU ] and λ = ------------------------ .
2C∗
2 Since the curves pass through a maximum before
E asymp = ---------------------------------------------------------- reaching the asymptotic value, the following data
1 + 2C∗ + 1 + 4C∗ 2 are provided to assist their use.
C∗ E max NTU for E max E asymp
0 1 ∞ 1
0.1 0.934 5.20 0.901
0.2 0.878 4.56 0.807
0.3 0.827 4.17 0.723
0.4 0.779 3.89 0.649
0.5 0.735 3.67 0.586
0.6 0.695 3.48 0.532
0.7 0.658 3.31 0.485
0.8 0.624 3.16 0.446
0.9 0.593 3.02 0.412
1 0.564 2.90 0.382
0 1 2 3 4
a 0.3274 –0.2852 0.0857
b 0.7552 8.2817 –32.7394 40.5133 –16.5337
c 100
d –0.1180 –2.6577 4.8881 –2.9625 0.4531
g 0.3414 0.7081 –0.1859
*
A counter-current configuration is defined as one where the tubeside inlet is located adjacent to a shellside outlet port.
210
NTU
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1.0 1.0
SAT-J-SS-3
0.9 0.9
C*
0.8 0.8
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.7 0.4 0.6 0.7
0.5
0.7
E E
0.8
0.6 0.9 0.6
1.0
C*
211
0.5 0.5
95% of Emax
Temperature meet
0.4 0.4
Configuration Data
ESDU 98005
See Table 13.31
Index of Geometries
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
NTU
·c )
FIGURE 95 J-SHELL WITH TWO TUBE PASSES, MORE THAN NINE BAFFLES, COUNTER-CURRENT, ( M p smaller ON TUBESIDE
ESDU 98005
TABLE 13.32
1 J-shell
2 Tube passes
·
–
>9 Baffles
*Counter-current

2
E = ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ,
 ( 1 + λ )/2C∗ 
 φ 
-----------------------------
 C∗ λ λC∗ ( λ – 1 )/ ( 2C∗ ) 
 φ + 1 φ –1 λφ 
C∗ + 2  1 + λ  ----------------------- – 2λ ---------------------------------------------- 1 + -------------------------------------- 
∗λ λ/C ∗ λ/C ∗
 φ C
– 1 φ + 1 φ –1 
 1 + λ  ------------------------- 
∗
  φ λ/C – 1 
 
C∗ 2 + 4
where -------------------- and φ = exp [ N TU C∗ ] .
λ =
2

E asymp = --------------------------------------------------- reaching the asymptotic value, the following data
C∗ + 2 + C∗ 2 + 4 are provided to assist their use.
C∗ E max NTU for E max E asymp
0 1 ∞ 1
0.1 0.947 7.40 0.488
0.2 0.893 6.00 0.475
0.3 0.842 5.19 0.463
0.4 0.791 4.62 0.450
0.5 0.745 4.19 0.438
0.6 0.702 3.83 0.427
0.7 0.663 3.54 0.415
0.8 0.627 3.30 0.404
0.9 0.594 3.09 0.393
1 0.569 2.90 0.382
0 1 2 3 4
a 0.4382 –0.5049 0.1945
b –0.5931 12.8107 –36.3825 38.6704 –14.2325
c 100
d –0.0215 –2.5991 4.4663 –2.6159 0.4093
g 0.3296 0.7334 –0.2036
*
212
NTU
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1.0 1.0
SAT-J-SS-4
0.9 0.9
C*
0.8 0.0 0.8
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.7 0.5 0.6 0.7
0.7
E 0.8 E
0.6 0.9 0.6

1.0
C*
213
0.5 0.5
95% of Emax
Temperature meet
0.4 0.4
Configuration Data
ESDU 98005
See Table 13.32
See Section 7.5
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
NTU
·c )
FIGURE 96 J-SHELL WITH TWO TUBE PASSES, MORE THAN NINE BAFFLES, COUNTER-CURRENT, ( M p smaller ON SHELLSIDE
ESDU 98005
TABLE 13.33
1 J-shell
>2 Tube passes
·c )
–
>9 Baffles
*Counter-current

1
E = ----------------------------------------------------------------------- ,
∗
 C∗ φ C φ 1 
 --------------------- + ------------- – -------------
 φC∗ – 1 φ – 1 log e φ
where φ = exp [ N TU ] .
E asymp = -----------------
1 + C∗ reaching the asymptotic value, the following data
C∗ E asymp E max N TU for E max
0 1 1 ∞
0.1 0.91 0.946 7.12
0.2 0.83 0.891 5.78
0.3 0.77 0.838 5.02
0.4 0.71 0.789 4.50
0.5 0.67 0.742 4.10
0.6 0.63 0.700 3.79
0.7 0.59 0.662 3.54
0.8 0.56 0.626 3.32
0.9 0.53 0.594 3.14
1 0.50 0.565 2.98
0 1 2 3 4
a 0.4219 –0.4810 0.1880
b 1.3350 –1.6590 –0.8430 2.1900 –0.7320
c 100
d 0.0000 –4.1440 11.6760 –12.5030 4.6080
g 0.3514 0.7089 –0.1937
*
214
NTU
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1.0 1.0
SAT-J-SS-5
0.9 0.9
0.8 C* 0.8
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.7 0.4 0.6 0.7
0.5
0.7
E E
0.8
0.6 0.9 0.6
1.0
C*
215
0.5 0.5
95% of Emax
Temperature meet
0.4 0.4
ESDU 98005
Configuration Data
0.3 See Table 13.33 0.3
Index of Geometries
See Section 7.5
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
NTU
·c )
FIGURE 97 J-SHELL WITH MORE THAN TWO TUBE PASSES, MORE THAN NINE BAFFLES, COUNTER-CURRENT, ( M p smaller IN EITHER
STREAM
ESDU 98005
TABLE 13.34
1 J-shell
>2 Tube passes
·c )
(M Note:
p smaller on tubeside
– The number of baffles is the
total number, including the
5 Baffles central dividing baffle.
*
Counter-current
E asymp = 1
0 1 2 3 4
a 1 0 0
b –7.2600 30.4520 –57.9666 51.3914 –17.2228
c 0.8000
d –0.1769 0.3590 –0.3471 0.2071 –0.0709
g 0.1334 0.8950 –0.2337
*
216
NTU
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1.0 1.0
SAT-J-SS-6
0.9 C* 0.9
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.8 0.4 0.8
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.7 0.7
0.8
E 0.9
E
1.0
0.6 0.6
C*
217
0.5 0.5
95% of Emax
Temperature meet
0.4 0.4
ESDU 98005
Configuration Data
0.3 See Table 13.34 0.3
Index of Geometries
See Section 7.5
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
NTU
·c )
FIGURE 98 J-SHELL WITH TWO TUBE PASSES, FIVE BAFFLES, COUNTER-CURRENT, ( M p smaller ON TUBE SIDE
ESDU 98005
TABLE 13.35
1 J-shell
2 Tube passes
·c )
(M Note:
p smaller on shellside
The number of baffles is the
–
*
Counter-current
C∗ E max E asymp
0 1 1 Inspection of Figure 99 shows that
0.1 0.944 1 two maxima are present in the curves
0.2 0.894 1 for C∗ < 0.4 . Values of the first
0.3 0.846 1 maximum are given in this table and
0.4 0.802 1 are used to identify the design limit
0.5 0.762 1 (95% line). This line is extended
0.6 – 1 beyond C∗ = 0.5 to follow the trends
0.7 – 1 shown in other figures for similar
0.8 – 1 geometries.
0.9 – 1
1 – 1
0 1 2 3 4
a 1 0 0
b –5.6365 24.0150 –48.4541 45.2191 –15.7535
c 0.8000
d –0.0040 0.0847 –0.4039 0.5008 –0.2064
g 0.0757 1.0606 –0.3143
*
218
NTU
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1.0 1.0
SAT-J-SS-7
0.9 C* 0.9
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.8 0.4 0.8
0.5
0.6
0.7 0.7 0.7
0.8
E E
0.9
0.6 1.0 0.6
*
C
219
0.5 0.5
95% of Emax
Temperature meet
0.4 0.4
ESDU 98005
Configuration Data
0.3 See Table 13.35 0.3
Index of Geometries
See Section 7.5
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
NTU
·c )
FIGURE 99 J-SHELL WITH TWO TUBE PASSES, FIVE BAFFLES, COUNTER-CURRENT, ( M p smaller ON SHELLSIDE
ESDU 98005
TABLE 13.36
1 J-shell
2 Tube passes
·c ) Note:
The number of baffles is the
– total number, including the
central dividing baffle.
5 Baffles
*
Co-current
0 1 1 1
0.1 0.930 0.663 0
0.2 0.871 0.547 0
0.3 0.817 0.477 0
0.4 0.767 0.426 0
0.5 0.722 0.384 0
0.6 0.681 0.346 0
0.7 0.643 0.313 0
0.8 0.609 0.285 0
0.9 0.577 0.255 0
1 0.548 0.230 0
0 1 2 3 4
a 0.2856 –0.2888 0.0996
b 3.8346 –17.1344 36.2090 –36.1580 13.4848
c 100
d –0.9300 4.2065 –13.8229 17.8035 –7.6141
g 0.3483 0.7011 –0.1953
*
A co-current configuration is defined as one where the tubeside outlet is located adjacent to a shellside outlet port.
220
NTU
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1.0 1.0
SAT-J-SS-8
0.9 0.9
0.8 0.8
C*
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.7 0.6 0.7
0.3
0.4
0.5 0.7
E E
0.8
0.6 0.6
0.9
1.0
221
C*
0.5 0.5
95% of Emax
Temperature meet
0.4 0.4
ESDU 98005
Configuration Data
See Table 13.36
0.3 0.3
Index of Geometries
See Section 7.5
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
NTU
·c )
FIGURE 100 J-SHELL WITH TWO TUBE PASSES, FIVE BAFFLES, CO-CURRENT, ( M p smaller ON TUBESIDE
ESDU 98005
TABLE 13.37
1 J-shell
2 Tube passes
·c )
(M Note:
*
Co-current
0 1 1 1
0.1 0.926 0.562 0
0.2 0.866 0.413 0
0.3 0.813 0.327 0
0.4 0.763 0.268 0
0.5 0.719 0.245 0
0.6 0.679 0.239 0
0.7 0.642 0.236 0
0.8 0.608 0.234 0
0.9 0.576 0.232 0
1 0.548 0.230 0
0 1 2 3 4
a 0.2426 –0.1965 0.0503
b 2.9366 –5.8863 0.0986 7.1620 –4.0709
c 100
d –0.0350 –4.1062 10.3546 –9.8958 3.3154
g 0.3386 0.7495 –0.2171
*
222
NTU
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1.0 1.0
SAT-J-SS-9
0.9 0.9
0.8 C* 0.8
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.7 0.4 0.7
0.5 0.6
E 0.7 E
0.8
0.6 0.6
0.9
1.0
C*
223
0.5 0.5
95% of Emax
Temperature meet
0.4 0.4
ESDU 98005
Configuration Data
See Table 13.37
See Section 7.5
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
NTU
·c )
FIGURE 101 J-SHELL WITH TWO TUBE PASSES, FIVE BAFFLES, CO-CURRENT, ( M p smaller ON SHELLSIDE
ESDU 98005
TABLE 13.38
1 J-shell
2 Tube passes
·c )
(M Note:
*
Counter-current
E asymp = 1 .
0 1 2 3 4
a 1 0 0
b –5.7597 23.1082 –43.0118 37.2147 –12.1385
c 1
d –0.0811 0.2146 –0.2480 0.1532 –0.0415
g 0.2696 0.7619 –0.2008
*
224
NTU
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1.0 1.0
SAT-J-SS-10
0.9 0.9
0.8 C* 0.8
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3 0.6
0.7 0.4 0.7
0.5 0.7
E 0.8 E
0.9
0.6 0.6
1.0
C*
225
0.5 0.5
95% of Emax
Temperature meet
0.4 0.4
ESDU 98005
Configuration Data
See Table 13.38
See Section 7.5
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
NTU
·c )
FIGURE 102 J-SHELL WITH TWO TUBE PASSES, NINE BAFFLES, COUNTER-CURRENT, ( M p smaller ON TUBESIDE
ESDU 98005
TABLE 13.39
1 J-shell
2 Tube passes
·c )
(M Note:
*
Counter-current
C∗ E max E asymp
0 1 1
0.1 0.936 1
0.2 0.882 1
0.3 0.832 1
0.4 0.786 1
0.5 0.743 1
0.6 0.704 1
0.7 0.666 1
0.8 0.629 1
0.9 0.602 1
1 0.574 1
0 1 2 3 4
a 1 0 0
b –4.7636 18.1544 –34.2670 30.2670 –10.0774
c 0.8000
d 0.0570 –0.1942 0.2919 –0.2440 0.0772
g 0.2473 0.8524 –0.2517
*
226
NTU
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1.0 1.0
SAT-J-SS-11
0.9 0.9
0.8 0.8
*
C
0.0
0.1 0.6
0.7 0.2 0.7
0.3 0.7
0.4
E 0.5 0.8 E
0.9
0.6 0.6
1.0
C*
227
0.5 0.5
95% of Emax
Temperature meet
0.4 0.4
ESDU 98005
Configuration Data
See Table 13.39
0.3 0.3
Index of Geometries
See Section 7.5
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
NTU
·c )
FIGURE 103 J-SHELL WITH TWO TUBE PASSES, NINE BAFFLES, COUNTER-CURRENT, ( M p smaller ON SHELLSIDE
ESDU 98005
TABLE 13.40
1 J-shell
2 Tube passes
·c )
(M Note:
*
Co-current
0 1 1 1
0.1 0.939 0.778 0
0.2 0.883 0.682 0
0.3 0.830 0.612 0
0.4 0.781 0.546 0
0.5 0.735 0.487 0
0.6 0.693 0.433 0
0.7 0.655 0.384 0
0.8 0.619 0.342 0
0.9 0.587 0.305 0
1 0.558 0.273 0
0 1 2 3 4
a 0.3636 –0.3825 0.1339
b 2.9459 –11.0033 19.7424 –18.1637 6.8777
c 100
d –0.7530 2.4087 –7.9058 11.4563 –5.7392
g 0.3642 0.6962 –0.1939
*
228
NTU
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1.0 1.0
SAT-J-SS-12
0.9 0.9
0.8 0.8
*
C
0.0
0.1
0.7 0.2 0.6 0.7
0.3
0.4 0.7
E 0.5 E
0.8
0.6 0.9 0.6
1.0
C*
229
0.5 0.5
95% of Emax
Temperature meet
0.4 0.4
ESDU 98005
Configuration Data
0.3 See Table 13.40 0.3
Index of Geometries
See Section 7.5
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
NTU
·c )
FIGURE 104 J-SHELL WITH TWO TUBE PASSES, NINE BAFFLES, CO-CURRENT, ( M p smaller ON TUBESIDE
ESDU 98005
TABLE 13.41
1 J-shell
2 Tube passes
·c )
(M Note:
*
Co-current
0 1 1 1
0.1 0.931 0.669 0
0.2 0.873 0.507 0
0.3 0.821 0.405 0
0.4 0.773 0.336 0
0.5 0.729 0.295 0
0.6 0.689 0.290 0
0.7 0.652 0.285 0
0.8 0.617 0.281 0
0.9 0.586 0.277 0
1 0.557 0.273 0
0 1 2 3 4
a 0.2996 –0.2641 0.0794
b 2.8408 –19.0238 56.4265 –67.4398 27.5023
c 100
d –0.9542 7.2201 –25.7699 32.5044 –13.4192
g 0.3494 0.7492 –0.2214
*
230
NTU
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1.0 1.0
SAT-J-SS-13
0.9 0.9
0.8 0.8
*
C
0.0
0.1
0.7 0.2 0.6 0.7
0.3
0.4 0.7
E 0.5 E
0.8
0.6 0.9 0.6
1.0
C*
231
0.5 0.5
95% of Emax
Temperature meet
0.4 0.4
ESDU 98005
Configuration Data
0.3 See Table 13.41 0.3
Index of Geometries
See Section 7.5
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
NTU
·c )
FIGURE 105 J-SHELL WITH TWO TUBE PASSES, NINE BAFFLES, CO-CURRENT, ( M p smaller ON SHELLSIDE
ESDU 98005
13.6 Multiple J-shells
TABLE 13.42
Shell-and-tube SAT-J-MS-1
2 J-shells
1 Tube pass
·c )
Cross connections
–
2E 1 –  1 + ------- E 12 + ∆
1
 C∗
E = ------------------------------------------------------------ ,
 E 12 
C∗  1 – ------- + ∆
 C∗ 
2
( EA + EB ) ( EA – EB )
where E 1 = --------------------------- , ∆ = ----------------------------- ,
2 4
( 1 – b )  1 – ----------
1
1–a  2C∗
E A = --------------------- , E B = ------------------------------------------------------- ,
a  1 – --------- a 
- 1 + ----------
1
1 – ----------
2C∗  2C∗  2C∗
a = exp –  1 – ---------- N TU
1
b = exp –  1 + ---------- N TU .
and 1
 2C∗  2C∗
0 1 0.6 0.953
0.1 0.999 0.7 0.929
0.2 0.998 0.8 0.901
0.3 0.994 0.9 0.868
0.4 0.985 1 0.833
0.5 0.971
0 1 2 3 4
a 1.0426 –0.1453 –0.2313
b –1.6146 6.1212 –9.2907 7.2061 –2.2830
c 100
d –0.5068 2.8807 –9.6165 12.3405 –5.1693
g 0.0 0.0 0.0
232
NTU
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1.0 1.0
SAT-J-MS-1 C*
0.0
0.9 0.1 0.9
0.2
0.3 0.6
0.4 0 .7
0.5
0.8 0.8 0.8
0. 9
1.0
C*
0.7 0.7
E E
0.6 0.6
233
0.5 0.5
No temperature meet
0.4 0.4
ESDU 98005
95% of Emax
Configuration Data
0.3 See Table 13.42 0.3
Index of Geometries
See Section 7.6
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
NTU
FIGURE 106 TWO J-SHELLS IN SERIES, ONE TUBE PASS, CROSS-CONNECTIONS BETWEEN SHELLSIDE PASSES WITH OVERALL
COUNTER-CURRENT FLOW, ( M ·c )
p smaller ON SHELLSIDE
ESDU 98005
TABLE 13.43
2 J-shells
1 Tube pass
·c )
Cross connections
–
2E 1 – ( 1 + C∗ )E 12 + ∆
E = ----------------------------------------------------------- ,
1 – C∗ E 12 + ∆
2
( EA + EB ) ( EA – EB )
where E 1 = --------------------------- , ∆ = ----------------------------- ,
2 4
C∗
( 1 – b )  1 – -------
1–a  2
E A = --------------------- , E B = --------------------------------------------------- ,
aC∗  1 – aC ∗ C∗
1 – ---------- ----------  1 + -------
2  2  2
C∗ C∗
a = exp –  1 – ------- N TU and b = exp –  1 + ------- N TU .
 2  2
0 1 0.6 0.990
0.1 1 0.7 0.964
0.2 1 0.8 0.925
0.3 1 0.9 0.880
0.4 1 1 0.833
0.5 1
0 1 2 3 4
a 1.2578 –0.2629 –0.3289
b –1.9530 9.7594 –20.9534 20.7046 –7.4147
c 100
d –0.0165 –3.5501 15.0034 –20.8309 9.3257
g 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
234
NTU
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1.0 1.0
SAT-J-MS-2 C*
0.0
0.9 0.1 0.9
0.2
0.3
0.4 0. 6
0.5 0. 7
0.8 0.8
0.8
0. 9
1 .0
0.7 C* 0.7
E E
0.6 0.6
235
0.5 0.5
No temperature meet
0.4 0.4
95% of Emax
ESDU 98005
Configuration Data
0.3 See Table 13.43 0.3
Index of Geometries
See Section 7.6
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
NTU
FIGURE 107 TWO J-SHELLS IN SERIES, SINGLE TUBE PASSES ARRANGED IN SERIES WITH OVERALL COUNTER-CURRENT FLOW,
CROSS-CONNECTIONS BETWEEN SHELLSIDE PASSES, ( M ·c )
p smaller ON TUBESIDE
ESDU 98005
TABLE 13.44
2 J-shells
1 Tube pass
·c )
Mixed connections
–
2E 1 –  1 + ------- E 12
1
 C∗
E = ------------------------------------------------- ,
 E 12
C∗  1 – -------
 C∗
( EA + EB )
where E 1 = --------------------------- ,
2
( 1 – b )  1 – ----------
1
1–a  2C∗
E A = --------------------- , E B = ------------------------------------------------------- ,
a  1 – --------- a 
- 1 + ----------
1
1 – ----------
2C∗  2C∗   2C∗
a = exp –  1 – ---------- N TU b = exp –  1 + ---------- N TU .

1 1
and
 2C∗  2C∗
0 1 0.6 0.917
0.1 0.998 0.7 0.891
0.2 0.990 0.8 0.862
0.3 0.978 0.9 0.832
0.4 0.962 1 0.800
0.5 0.941
0 1 2 3 4
a 1.0371 –0.4172 –0.0198
b –1.4357 7.6971 –15.7067 15.2747 –5.6560
c 100
d –0.1034 –0.7515 2.5243 –3.7668 2.0029
g 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
236
NTU
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1.0 1.0
SAT-J-MS-3 C*
0.0
0.9 0.1 0.9
0.2
0.3
0.4 0.6
0.5
0.8 0. 7 0.8
0.8
0. 9
1.0
0.7 0.7
C*
E E
0.6 0.6
237
0.5 0.5
No temperature meet
0.4 0.4
ESDU 98005
95% of Emax
Configuration Data
0.3 See Table 13.44 0.3
Index of Geometries
See Section 7.6
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
NTU
FIGURE 108 TWO J-SHELLS IN SERIES, SINGLE TUBE PASSES ARRANGED IN SERIES WITH OVERALL COUNTER-CURRENT FLOW, MIXED
CONNECTIONS BETWEEN SHELLSIDE PASSES, ( M ·c )
ESDU 98005
TABLE 13.45
2 J-shells
1 Tube pass
·c )
Mixed connections
–
2E 1 – ( 1 + C∗ )E 12
E = ------------------------------------------------ ,
1 – C∗ E 12
( EA + EB )
where E 1 = --------------------------- ,
2
C∗
( 1 – b )  1 – -------
1–a  2
E A = --------------------- , E B = --------------------------------------------------- ,
aC∗  1 – aC ∗ C∗
1 – ---------- ----------  1 + -------
2  2   2
C∗ C∗
 2  2
0 1 0.6 0.984
0.1 1 0.7 0.946
0.2 1 0.8 0.899
0.3 1 0.9 0.849
0.4 1 1 0.800
0.5 1
0 1 2 3 4
a 1.3493 –0.5393 –0.2100
b –0.9694 8.9560 –17.5339 16.1236 –5.3774
c 100
d –0.0541 –3.1882 14.0181 –19.5625 8.6688
g 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
238
NTU
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1.0 1.0
SAT-J-MS-4 C*
0.0
0.9 0.1 0.9
0.2
0.3
0.4 0. 6
0.5
0.8 0. 7 0.8
0.8
0.9
1. 0
0.7 0.7
C*
E E
0.6 0.6
239
0.5 0.5
No temperature meet
0.4 0.4
ESDU 98005
95% of Emax
Configuration Data
0.3 See Table 13.45 0.3
Index of Geometries
See Section 7.6
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
NTU
FIGURE 109 TWO J-SHELLS IN SERIES, SINGLE TUBE PASSES ARRANGED IN SERIES WITH OVERALL COUNTER-CURRENT FLOW, MIXED
CONNECTIONS BETWEEN SHELLSIDE PASSES, ( M·c )
ESDU 98005
TABLE 13.46
2 J-shells
1 Tube pass
·
Direct connections
–
2E 1 –  1 + ------- E 12 – ∆
1
 C∗
E = ------------------------------------------------------------ ,
 E 12 
C∗  1 – ------- – ∆
 C∗ 
2
( EA + EB ) ( EA – EB )
where E 1 = --------------------------- , ∆ = ----------------------------- ,
2 4
( 1 – b )  1 – ----------
1
1–a  2C∗
E A = --------------------- , E B = ------------------------------------------------------- ,
a  1 – --------- a 
- 1 + ----------
1
1 – ----------
2C∗  2C∗   2C∗
a = exp –  1 – ---------- N TU b = exp –  1 + ---------- N TU .

1 1
and
 2C∗  2C∗
0 1 0.6 0.878
0.1 0.995 0.7 0.846
0.2 0.982 0.8 0.814
0.3 0.962 0.9 0.782
0.4 0.938 1 0.750
0.5 0.909
0 1 2 3 4
a 1.0406 –0.7128 0.1722
b –0.2563 –0.5874 7.1734 –10.5097 4.4359
c 100
d –0.4093 2.4336 –8.0284 9.5516 –3.6835
g 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
240
NTU
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1.0 1.0
SAT-J-MS-5 C*
0.0
0.9 0.1 0.9
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5 0.6
0.8 0.8
0 .7
0.8
0. 9
0.7 1.0 0.7

C*
E E
0.6 0.6
241
0.5 0.5
No temperature meet
0.4 0.4
ESDU 98005
95% of Emax
Configuration Data
0.3 See Table 13.46 0.3
Index of Geometries
See Section 7.6
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
NTU
FIGURE 110 TWO J-SHELLS IN SERIES, SINGLE TUBE PASSES ARRANGED IN SERIES WITH OVERALL COUNTER-CURRENT FLOW, DIRECT
ESDU 98005
TABLE 13.47
2 J-Shells
1 Tube pass
·c )
Direct connections
–
2E 1 – ( 1 + C∗ )E 12 – ∆
E = ----------------------------------------------------------- ,
( 1 – C∗ E 12 – ∆ )
2
( EA + EB ) ( EA – EB )
where E 1 = --------------------------- , ∆ = ----------------------------- ,
2 4
C∗
( 1 – b )  1 – -------
1–a  2
E A = --------------------- , E B = --------------------------------------------------- ,
aC∗  1 – aC ∗ C∗
1 – ---------- ----------  1 + -------
2  2  2
C∗ C∗
 2  2
0 1 0.6 0.948
0.1 1 0.7 0.896
0.2 1 0.8 0.844
0.3 1 0.9 0.796
0.4 1 1 0.750
0.5 1
0 1 2 3 4
a 1.3448 –0.8733 0.0286
b –1.3052 5.4301 –12.2264 15.2796 –6.9191
c 100
d –1.2400 9.1367 –24.8146 26.4565 –9.6886
g 0 0 0
242
NTU
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1.0 1.0
SAT-J-MS-6
0.9 C* 0.9
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3 0. 6
0.8 0.4 0. 7 0.8
0.5
0. 8
0 .9
0.7 1.0 0.7

*
C
E E
0.6 0.6
243
0.5 0.5
No temperature meet
0.4 0.4
95% of Emax
ESDU 98005
Configuration Data
0.3 See Table 13.47 0.3
Index of Geometries
See Section 7.6
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
NTU
FIGURE 111 TWO J-SHELLS IN SERIES, SINGLE TUBE PASSES ARRANGED IN SERIES WITH OVERALL COUNTER-CURRENT FLOW, DIRECT
CONNECTIONS BETWEEN SHELLSIDE PASSES, ( M ·c )
ESDU 98005
TABLE 13.48
2 J-shells
2 Tube passes
·c )
Mixed connections
–
2E 1 –  1 + ------- E 12
1
 C∗
E = ------------------------------------------------- ,
 E 12
C∗  1 – -------
 C∗
2a ( a + β )
where E 1 = -------------------------- ,
D
yN TU
sinh  --------------
 2  N TU N TU yN TU
a = ------------------------------- exp  – ----------- , β = exp – ----------- cosh  -------------- ,
γ  2  2  2 
2
β + a  1 + ---------- + 2a ( a + β – 1 ) .
1 1
y = 1 + ------------- and D =
 2C∗
4C∗ 2
0 1 1 1
0.1 0.996 0.989 0.731
0.2 0.986 0.933 0.711
0.3 0.968 0.845 0.692
0.4 0.942 0.762 0.671
0.5 0.910 0.699 0.651
0.6 0.874 0.654 0.631
0.7 0.836 0.621 0.611
0.8 0.797 0.595 0.591
0.9 0.758 0.573 0.572
1 0.721 0.553 0.553
0 1 2 3 4
a 1.1127 –0.8747 0.2043
b –2.5678 15.8668 –33.6845 32.3382 –11.6110
c 100
d 0.3560 –5.5500 15.8333 –18.1250 7.3057
g –0.2946 1.3930 –0.3773
244
NTU
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1.0 1.0
SAT-J-MS-7
0.9 C* 0.9
0.0
0.1 0.6
0.2
0.3 0. 7
0.8 0.4 0.8
0.5 0.8
0. 9
1. 0
0.7 0.7
C*
E E
0.6 0.6
245
0.5 0.5
0.4 0.4
95% of Emax
Configuration Data
ESDU 98005
Temperature meet See Table 13.48
See Section 7.6
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
NTU
FIGURE 112 TWO J-SHELLS IN SERIES, TWO TUBE PASSES ARRANGED IN SERIES WITH OVERALL COUNTER-CURRENT FLOW, MIXED
ESDU 98005
TABLE 13.49
2 J-Shells
2 Tube passes
·c )
Mixed connections
–
2E 1 – ( 1 + C∗ )E 12 2a ( a + β )
E = ------------------------------------------------ where E 1 = -------------------------- ,

1 – C∗ E 1 2 D
yN TU N TU yN TU
 sinh  ------------- -  β = exp – ----------- cosh  -------------- ,
  2  2  2 
a =  ------------------------------- exp ( – N TU ) ,
 γ 
 
∗ 2
C∗ 2 D = β + a 1 + C
------
- + 2a ( a + β – 1 ) .
y = 1 + --------- ,  2
4
C∗ E E for NTU = 100 max
E asymp
0 1 1 1
0.1 1 0.989 0.989
0.2 0.982 0.957 0.957
0.3 0.962 0.909 0.909
0.4 0.936 0.852 0.852
0.5 0.904 0.793 0.793
0.6 0.869 0.736 0.736
0.7 0.832 0.683 0.683
0.8 0.795 0.635 0.635
0.9 0.757 0.592 0.592
1 0.721 0.553 0.553
0 1 2 3 4
a 1.0661 –0.7992 0.1754
b –0.9889 3.4745 1.0629 –7.9008 4.6913
c 100
d –1.2410 8.7573 –25.5218 29.7917 –11.9752
g –0.2153 1.2612 –0.3280
246
NTU
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1.0 1.0
SAT-J-MS-8
0.9 C* 0.9
0.0
0.1 0.6
0.2
0.3 0.7
0.8 0.4 0.8
0.8
0.5
0.9
1.0
0.7 C* 0.7
E E
0.6 0.6
247
0.5 0.5
0.4 95% of Emax 0.4
Temperature meet
ESDU 98005
Configuration Data
See Table 13.49
See Section 7.6
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
NTU
FIGURE 113 TWO J-SHELLS IN SERIES, TWO TUBE PASSES ARRANGED IN SERIES WITH OVERALL COUNTER-CURRENT FLOW, MIXED
CONNECTIONS BETWEEN SHELLSIDE PASSES,( M ·c )
ESDU 98005
13.7 Single X-shells
TABLE 13.50
Shell-and-tube SAT-X-SS-CU
1 X-Shell
2 Tube Passes
·c )
U-tube
–
E asymp = 1 .
0 1 2 3 4
a 1 0 0
b –2 6.7040 –9.8020 6.7710 –1.8240
c 1
d –0.1850 –1.4440 5.4740 –6.0940 2.2160
g –1.2105 2.0985 –0.4983
248
NTU
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1.0 1.0
SAT-X-SS-CU C*
0.0
0.9 0.1 0.9
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.8 0.8
0.6
0. 7
0.8
0.7 0.9 0.7

1.0
C*
E E
0.6 0.6
249
0.5 0.5
95% of Emax
Temperature meet
0.4 0.4
ESDU 98005
Configuration Data
See Table 13.50
See Section 7.7
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
NTU
·c )
FIGURE 114 X-SHELL, TWO TUBE PASSES WITH U-TUBE CONNECTIONS, OVERALL COUNTER-CURRENT, ( M p smaller IN EITHER STREAM
ESDU 98005
TABLE 13.51
Shell-and-tube SAT-X-SS-CO
1 X-shell
2 Tube passes
·c )
U-tube
–
Overall co-current
C∗ E max E at N TU = 100 E asymp

0 1 1 1
0.1 0.885 0.347 0
0.2 0.807 0.249 0
0.3 0.744 0.204 0
0.4 0.692 0.177 0
0.5 0.646 0.158 0
0.6 0.606 0.145 0
0.7 0.570 0.134 0
0.8 0.539 0.125 0
0.9 0.510 0.117 0
1 0.485 0.109 0
0 1 2 3 4
a –0.1590 0.2744 –0.1320
b 6.8600 –30.0608 55.0096 –47.5942 16.4654
c 100
d –1.0100 –0.0300 –0.2000 –0.2000 –1.4000
g 0.3203 0.5431 –0.0141
250
NTU
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1.0 1.0
SAT-X-SS-CO
0.9 0.9
0.8 0.8
C*
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.7 0.7
0.3
0.4
E 0.5
E
0.6
0.6 0.6
0.7
0.8
251
0.9
0.5 1.0 0.5
95% of Emax C*
Temperature meet
0.4 0.4
ESDU 98005
Configuration Data
0.3 See Table 13.51 0.3
Index of Geometries
See Section 7.7
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
NTU
·c )
FIGURE 115 X-SHELL, TWO TUBE PASSES WITH U-TUBE CONNECTIONS, OVERALL CO-CURRENT FLOW, ( M p smaller IN EITHER STREAM
ESDU 98005
14. DATA FOR PLATE-TYPE CONFIGURATIONS
14.1 One Pass/One Pass, Counter-current
TABLE 14.1
Plate-type PLATE-1:1-CU-1
One pass/one pass
1, 2 or ≥ 14 thermal plates
·c )
-
-
E asymp = 1 .
252
NTU
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1.0 1.0
PLATE-1:1-CU-1
0.9 0.9
0. 6 . 7
0
C* 0. 8
0.8
0.0 0.9 0.8
0.1 1.0
0.2 C*
0.3
0.4
0.7 0.7
0.5
E E
0.6 0.6
253
0.5 0.5
95% of Emax
No temperature meet
0.4 0.4
ESDU 98005
Configuration Data
See Table 14.1
See Section 8.1
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
NTU
·
FIGURE 116 PLATE-TYPE, ONE PASS/ONE PASS, COUNTER-CURRENT, 1, 2 OR ≥ 14 THERMAL PLATES, ( M c p ) smaller IN EITHER STREAM
ESDU 98005
TABLE 14.2
One pass/one pass
4, 6 to 13 thermal plates
·c )
-
-

E asymp = 1 .
254
NTU
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1.0 1.0
PLATE-1:1-CU-2
0.9 0.9
C* 0.6.7
0 8
0.8
0.0 0. 9 0.8
0.
0.1
1. 0
0.2
C*
0.3
0.4
0.7 0.7
0.5
E E
0.6 0.6
255
0.5 0.5
95% of Emax
No temperature meet
0.4 0.4
ESDU 98005
Configuration Data
0.3 See Table 14.2 0.3
Index of Geometries
See Section 8.1
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
NTU
·
FIGURE 117 PLATE-TYPE, ONE PASS/ONE PASS, COUNTER-CURRENT, 4 OR 6 TO 13 THERMAL PLATES, ( M c p ) smaller IN EITHER STREAM
ESDU 98005
TABLE 14.3
One pass/one pass
3 or 5 thermal plates
·c )
-
-
-
E asymp = 1 .
256
NTU
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1.0 1.0
PLATE-1:1-CU-3
0.9 0.9
C* 0. 6 7
0.8 0. 0.8
0.0
0.1 0.8
0.2 0. 9 0
1.
0.3
C*
0.4
0.7 0.7
0.5
E E
0.6 0.6
257
0.5 0.5
No temperature meet
95% of Emax
0.4 0.4
ESDU 98005
Configuration Data
See Table 14.3
0.3 0.3
Index of Geometries
See Section 8.1
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
NTU
·
FIGURE 118 PLATE-TYPE, ONE PASS/ONE PASS, COUNTER-CURRENT, 3 OR 5 THERMAL PLATES, ( M c p ) smaller IN EITHER STREAM
ESDU 98005
14.2 One Pass/One Pass, Co-current
TABLE 14.4
Plate-type PLATE-1:1-CO-1
One pass/one pass
1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 or ≥ 12
thermal plates
·c )
-
-
–
C∗ E asymp
1 0.50
0.9 0.525
0.8 0.55
0.7 0.59
0.6 0.625
0.5 0.67
0.4 0.715
0.3 0.77
0.2 0.832
0.1 0.91
0 1
258
NTU
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1.0 1.0
PLATE-1:1-CO-1
0.9 0.9
C*
0.8 0.8
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.7 0.7
0.5
E E
0.6
0.6 0.7 0.6

0.8
0.9
259
1.0
0.5 0.5
C*
95% of Emax
No temperature meet
0.4 0.4
ESDU 98005
Configuration Data
See Table 14.4
See Section 8.2
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
NTU
·
FIGURE 119 PLATE-TYPE, ONE PASS/ONE PASS, CO-CURRENT, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 OR ≥ 12 THERMAL PLATES, ( M c p ) smaller IN EITHER STREAM
ESDU 98005
TABLE 14.5
One pass/one pass
5, 7, 9 or 11 thermal plates
·c )
-
-

C∗ E asymp
1 0.50
0.9 0.526
0.8 0.556
0.7 0.588
0.6 0.625
0.5 0.67
0.4 0.715
0.3 0.77
0.2 0.832
0.1 0.91
0 1
260
NTU
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1.0 1.0
PLATE-1:1-CO-2
0.9 0.9
C*
0.8 0.8
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.7 0.7
0.5
E E
0.6
0.6 0.7 0.6

0.8
0.9
261
1.0
0.5 0.5
C*
95% of Emax
No temperature meet
0.4 0.4
ESDU 98005
Configuration Data
See Table 14.5
See Section 8.2
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
NTU
·
FIGURE 120 PLATE-TYPE, ONE PASS/ONE PASS, CO-CURRENT, 5, 7, 9 OR 11 THERMAL PLATES, ( M c p ) smaller IN EITHER STREAM
ESDU 98005
TABLE 14.6
One pass/one pass
3 thermal plates
·c )
-
-
-
C∗ E asymp
1 0.47
0.9 0.54
0.8 0.57
0.7 0.60
0.6 0.63
0.5 0.67
0.4 0.71
0.3 0.76
0.2 0.82
0.1 0.90
0 1
262
NTU
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
1.0 1.0
PLATE-1:1-CO-3
0.9 0.9
C*
0.8 0.8
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.7 0.7
0.5
E E
0.6
0.6 0.7 0.6
0.8
0.9
263
0.5 1.0 0.5

*
95% of Emax C
No temperature meet
0.4 0.4
ESDU 98005
Configuration Data
See Table 14.6
0.3 0.3
Index of Geometries
See Section 8.2
0.2 0.2
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
NTU
·
FIGURE 121 PLATE-TYPE, ONE PASS/ONE PASS, CO-CURRENT, 3 THERMAL PLATES, ( M c p ) smaller IN EITHER STREAM
ESDU 98005
KEEPING UP TO DATE
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ESDU 98005
The evaluation of vapour-pressure data
ESDU 98005
ISBN 978 1 86246 042 3, ISSN 0141-402X
Available as part of the ESDU Series on Heat Transfer. For information

on all ESDU validated engineering data contact ESDU International plc,
27 Corsham Street, London N1 6UA.
ESDU 98005 provides graphical and tabular effectiveness - NTU data for
a wide range of practical heat exchanger configurations. The data are
presented in "family groups" based on exchanger types, and for each
family group there is an Index of Geometries, within which each particular
configuration (which may cover a range of practical heat exchangers) is
identified by a concise description and a unique acronym.
A data sheet is given for each configuration including graphical

information and a detailed description. The description includes where

available the mathematical relationship between E, NTU and C* (the
stream thermal capacity ratio) and its source, notes on the derivation of
the data, maximum and asymptotic effectiveness data and expressions,
a curve for the temperature meet, and the coefficients of an algebraic
expression for effectiveness that has been fitted to the data for most
configurations. Data are provided for a wide range of single- and
multi-pass crossflow configurations (including serpentine), single- and
multi-pass E- and J-shells, trains of E- and J-shells, single F-, G- and
X-shells, and single- and multi-pass plate-type configurations.
ESDU 98003 describes the method and introduces the data presented
here and in ESDU 98004 where the data are in a convenient form for
selection purposes. The use of the method is illustrated in design studies
in ESDU 98006. Analytical techniques used to derive the data are
described in ESDU 98007.
© ESDU International plc, 2007
All rights are reserved. No part of any Data Item may be reprinted, reproduced, or
transmitted in any form or by any means, optical, electronic or mechanical including
photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system without
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copyright and other intellectual property rights belong to ESDU International plc.

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ESDU 98005Issued July 1998

Design and performance evaluation

The effectiveness – NTU method

Part 3: Graphical and analytical data

THE PREPARATION OF THIS DATA ITEM

Transfer Steering Group.

Prof. P.J. Heggs — UMIST

Mr J.A. Ward — Harwell Laboratory

Mr S.J. Garvey — Engineer

PART 3: GRAPHICAL AND ANALYTICAL DATA

1. NOTATION AND UNITS 1

2. PURPOSE AND SCOPE 2

3. GUIDE TO PRESENTATION OF DATA 3

4. INDEX OF GEOMETRIES FOR BASIC CONFIGURATIONS 7

5. INDEX OF GEOMETRIES FOR CROSSFLOW CONFIGURATIONS 8

6. INDEX OF GEOMETRIES FOR SERPENTINE CONFIGURATIONS 13

7. INDEX OF GEOMETRIES FOR SHELL-AND-TUBE CONFIGURATIONS 15

9. DERIVATION AND REFERENCES 21

10. DATA FOR BASIC CONFIGURATIONS 22

11. DATA FOR CROSSFLOW CONFIGURATIONS 26

11.4 Crossflow, Tubular Configurations, Single-pass 46

12. DATA FOR SERPENTINE CONFIGURATIONS 122

13. DATA FOR SHELL-AND-TUBE CONFIGURATIONS 150

14. DATA FOR PLATE-TYPE CONFIGURATIONS 252

PART 3: GRAPHICAL AND ANALYTICAL DATA

1. NOTATION AND UNITS

Two sets of self-consistent units are given.

C* thermal capacity ratio, defined in Section 4.2.3 of Part 1 – –

cp specific heat capacity J/kg K Btu/lb°F

E thermal effectiveness, defined in Section 4.2.1 of Part 1 – –

Np number of thermal plates – –

N TU number of heat transfer units, defined in Section 4.2.2 of – –

Y ratio of potential for heat transfer across baffle and between – –

asymp value as N TU tended towards

larger larger value of parameter in streams

smaller smaller value of parameter in streams

1 refers to stream number 1 or location 1

2 refers to stream number 2 or location 2

Issued July 1998

98003 Part 1. Introduction Description and overview of the E– N TU method.

3.1 Heat Exchanger Family Groups and Key to Index of Geometries

BASIC CONFIGURATION (Section 4) SERPENTINE CONFIGS (Section 6) PLATE-TYPE CONFIGS. (Section 8)

CROSSFLOW CONFIGURATIONS (Section 5) SHELL-AND-TUBE CONFIGURATIONS (Section 7)

Single-pass, various mixing assumptions (5.1) E-Shells J-Shells

Multi-pass, unmixed Multiple (7.2)

Single G-shell (7.4)

Sketch 3.1 Schematic diagram of heat exchanger family groups

• the flow configuration,

• the number of tube or flow channel passes,

• the stream mixing assumptions,

• the number of tube rows per pass,

• the pass connections,

• the number of shells and their configuration (shell-and-tube configurations only),

• the number of baffles (shell-and-tube configurations only),

(3) Empirical relationship coefficients (where available). (See Section 3.2.5.)

Entries are omitted where information is not available.

3.2.2 Reference information

(7) Mixing between passes

Sketch 3.2 Reference Information

3.2.3 Relationship between E , N TU and C*

3.2.4 Asymptotic expressions

3.2.5 Empirical relationship coefficients

PURE Used for pure counter-current or co-current configurations