moving away from the traditional vehicle design
ElECTRIC that makes use of fossil fuels and oils. Even
MOBILITY- THE
FUTURE
Abstract:
Electric mobility is a key technology towards the
decarbonization of the transport sector. It can
be seen as the element capable of breaking the
current model “non-sustainable” road
transport. It is able to promote a “green
revolution” for a smarter mobility. In recent
years electric vehicles have became the most
plausible alternative to the current
transportation system. Electric mobility
advantages are clear in terms of both air
emissions and energy consumptions. It is
integrated with other sectors of the economy
especially with the energy sector. Due to
changed mobility use patterns and external
conditions such as climate change, scarcity of
resources and local air pollution, car
manufacturers offer connectivity services and
are forced to launch electric mobility. Battery-
powered electric cars play a key role in future
mobility scenarios. This paper gives a brief
scenario on E-mobilityopportunitiesand its
challenges.
Keywords:
Decarbonization, plausible alternative,battery-powered.
INTRODUCTION:
Electric mobility or electro mobility,or E-mobility
for short is not a new conceptbut it refers to all the
vehicles using electric power as the main source of
energy instead of traditional fossil fuels and oils. In
fact e-mobility technologies had started taking root
in the automotive industry as early as 15 or so years
ago. If you look at the prevailing trends in industry
now-a-days, most of them have one common
denominator that is going green. We have been
seen efforts from the automobile manufacturers in
trying to address this issue, and one of their moves
is to produce more eco-friendly vehicles. Electric
cars are seen to be one of the best solutions, leads
to the introduction of e-mobility technologies.
Simply e-mobility refers to the development of
electric-powered or electronic drive trains,and
vehicles that make use of hydrogen fuel are
included in the classification.
The main goal of e-mobility to produce more
environment-friendly and efficient vehicles that
also happen to meet new regulatory set by
governments and other law-setting bodes.
HISTORY:
Electric vehicles came before combustion engine
propelled cars. Early in 1834, Thomas Davenport
of Vermont developed a battery-powered electric
motor. Cars have a central role in e-mobility, but
actually, changing into electric cars was not so easy
for automotive companies. They started developing
electric-powered cars in the middle of 19th century-
they considered them the cars of the future.
However this concept was set aside later to produce
other types of easier –to-produce cars.
But it was not completely forgotten.
The 20th century was plagued with events that
repeatedly brought the idea of electric cars to the
forefront once againafter making several key
changes. Wars took place, and there were global
problems on oil supply. The oil crisis definitely
spurred many auto manufacturers to look for more
available, cheaper and better alternatives, and
electricity was one of them.
CLASSIFICATION:
 Battery-Electric vehicles(BEVs)
 Hybrid electric vehicles(HEVs)
 Plug -in electric vehicles(PEVs)
 Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles(PHEVs)
BEVs is a type of electric vehicles (EV) that uses
chemical energy stored in rechargeable battery
packs. BEVs use chemical energy motors and
motor controllers instead of internal combustion
engines (ICEs) for propulsion.
Vehicles using both electric motors and internal
combustion engines are examples of HEVs; they
are continually recharged with power from the
internal combustion engine and regenerative
braking.
PEVs are subcategory of electric vehicles that
includes BEVs, PHEVs, and electric vehicles
conservations of hybrid electric vehicles
and“conservational internal combustion engine
vehicle”.
Hybrid vehicles with batteries that can be charged
externally to displace some or all of their internal
combustion engine power and gasolinefuel are
called PHEVs
BASIC CHARGING MECHANISM:
In this Electrical mobility the charged particles
(such as electrons or protons) movesthrough a
medium in response to an electric field that is
pulling them.
WORLD WIDE SCENARIO:
ELECTRIC MOBILITY IN INDIA:
Government of India approved the National
Mission on Electric Mobility in 2011 and
subsequently National Electric Mobility Mission
Plan (NEMMP) 2020 was unveiled in 2013. As
part of the mission, Department of Heavy Industry
has formulated a scheme namely FAME – India
(Faster Adoption and Manufacturing of (Hybrid &)
Electric Vehicles in India) for implementation with
effect from 1st April 2015, with the objective to
support hybrid/electric vehicles market
development and Manufacturing eco-system.
India’s auto industry has become one of the largest
in the world due to the competitive environment in
the market. The turnover of the auto industry
isequivalent to 7.1% as per the Review Report of
Automotive Mission Plan 2016. The overall
scheme is proposed to be implemented over a
period of 6 years, till 2020, wherein it is intended to
support the hybrid/electric vehicles market
development and its manufacturing eco-system to
achieve self-sustenance at the end of the stipulated
period. The scheme has 4 focus areas i.e.
Technology Development, Demand Creation, Pilot
Projects and Charging Infrastructure. “Automotive
Mission Plan (AMP)” has been finalised jointly by
Government of India and Indian Automotive
Industry. The vision of AMP 2026 is, By 2026, the
Indian Automotive industry will be among the top
three of the world in engineering, manufacture and
export of vehicles and components, and will
encompass safe, efficient and environment friendly
conditions for affordable mobility of people and
transportation of goods in India .comparable with
global standards growing in value to over 12% of
India’s GDP and generating an additional 65
million jobs.
 By the year 2030, the NDA Government
wants India to be 100%, electric vehicle
nation.
 India spent Rs 4.7 Lakh Crores in 2016-17
in importing crude oil. Electric Vehicles
will help lower the bill.
 Every car sold in India from 2030 will be
electric, under new government plans.
 India aims to become a 100% electric
vehicle nation by 2030. The National
Electric Mobility Mission Plan (NEMMP)

targets seven million electric and hybrid
vehicles by 2020.
TOP ELECTRIC CAR MANUFACT-
URERS AND VEHICLES:
1. TESLA (Tesla model S and Tesla model X)
2.BMW (BMW i3)
3. NISSAN (Nissan leaf)
4. CHEVROLET (Sells a wide range of vehicles
worldwide)
5. FORD (producing a plethora of vehicles)
6. VOLKSWAGEN (Volkswagen e-golf)
ELECTRIC VEHICLES AVALIABLE IN
INDIA:
1. Mahindra e2oplus
2. Mahindra e-VERITO
3. Tata Tigor Electric
BENIFITS OF ELECTRIC MOBILITY:
 E-mobility will help reduce the amount of energy
required and utilized by the transportation sector.
 E-mobility challenges car makers and
manufacturers to think outside the box. As the
threat of competitors’ coming out with more
efficient electric vehicles increase, they are also
likely to put in more effort and resources into
making vehicles that are “better – more energy-
efficient, lighter, and offer higher performance”.
 E-mobility will create employment opportunities.
The automotive industry will be more confident in
the development of electric vehicles, and they will
need talent and manpower to do it.
 Globalized standards and e-mobility technology
will minimize barriers to trade, allowing for
harmonious working relationships among
manufacturers and among nations.
The other noted benefits of e-mobility are broken
down as follows:
 Increase of vehicles efficiency and
reduction of operational costs.
 Compliance with carbon emission.
 Reduction of energy needs.
CHALLENGES FACED BY E-
MOBILITY:
Even if e-mobility sector is developing quickly,
there is no doubt that a use of these vehicles on a
global scale is still far away.
There are some important aspects that should be
focused on:
 When we analogy fuel vehicles and
electrical vehicles, todayEVs cost is not
relatively low in price.
 “Battery improvement” –as the overall
performance of the car of the future will
depend on its battery’s performance.
 It takes a lot of time and effort to instruct
the customer, or the market as a whole,
about the concept of electric vehicles.
 E-mobility requires high investment and
massive collaboration.
SUCESSS FACTOR OF E-MOBILITY:
There is no arguing that the road to full e-mobility
on a global scale is still a very long one. But it is
not completely impossible. In order for the
campaign to succeed, “collaborations and alliances
will play a vital role”.
 Alliances with businesses within the same industry
for purposes of sharing infrastructure.
 Integration with other mobility technologies.
 Partnership with various mobility-related
businesses and organizations.
FUTURE OF E-MOBILITY:
According to some studies, all cars sold in Europe
by 2025 will be electric or hybrid.
It means that automotive market will require new
technologies and improvements to keep pace with
change.
A new approach to vehicle design is
required,involving a closer collaboration between
manufacturing and design teams.
The approach to electric mobility might differ
depending by the continent: while Asia probably
will tend to produce completely electric vehicles,
due to its great issues connected to pollution,
Europe could probably keep the hybrid gas engine,
due to the road conditions and the recharging
networks which is still very poor. In America the
hybrid vehicle market could still increase. Electric
vehicles of the future will have simpler
technologies and smaller engines. These
advancements will eventually reduce the cost of the
vehicles, so that many more people will be able to
afford them.

CONCLUSION:
India being a global market, the concept of
'first thing first, value is everything' is strongly
embedded in consumers' mindsets.
Here, the two key hurdles towards adoption
of electric vehicles are high initial acquisition
cost, and consumer sentiment. Amid rapidly
falling battery prices, the year 2025 could well be
the inflection point for electric vehicles, as they
are set to go cheaper than internal combustion
engine vehicles.
The second biggest hurdle is consumer sentiment -
the fear among electric vehicle users of running out
of fuel before reaching their destination, or the
precious time lost while re-charging EV batteries.
Infrastructure always precedes innovation - the
internet had to exist to use Google, 4G telecom
towers were needed to fuel data proliferation, and
so is the case of EVs. A robust infrastructure is
needed for mass adoption of electric vehicles. It is
imperative to have robust infrastructure, and within
that choices of solutions like charging or battery
swapping, which will drive the future.
Hence India's journey towards this transition
starts primarily from two wheelers and three
wheelers, followed by buses.

REFERENCE:

A simple guide on Electric mobility, Electric

mobility is the future, www.cleverism.com
www.Tawaki.com, How to promote Electric
mobility in India-UITP India.