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Music, Thought, and Feeling Understanding the Psychology of Music Second Edition William Forde Thompson Macquarie University New York Oxford OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS s of fa and CHAPTER 9 Performing Music LEARNING OUTCOMES By the end of this chapter you should be able to: iL 6. Identify the major expressive devices used by music performers. Explain how performance expression is used to communicate musie structure. Describe the analysis-by-synthesis methodology. Appraise the concept of musical talent. Summarize sources of bias in the adjudication of performances. Provide a psychological account of music improvisation 237 238 Chapter? Performing Music Sound Examples 9.1.1-9.1.4 Examples of musical directives to.a performer: Sound example 9.1.1 ritardendo (a gradual slowing down); Sound example 9.1.2, accelerando (a gradual speeding up}; Sound example 9.1.3, crescendo (a gradual increase in volume); and Sound example 9.1.4, dlminvendo (a gradual decrease in volun) Sound Examples 9.2.1-9.2.2 “These are two versions of an excerpt from Brahms’ Intermezzo in A Major, contained in the accompanying box on page 23; the sound examples extend beyond the scare excerpt, Sound example 9.2.1.2 MID! file containing no performance ‘expression-A computer program has been instructed to reproduce with strict precision the pitches and

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