

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

٢
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١١٣  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 KK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ o
K‫א‬‫א‬ o
K o
 K٪٨٠‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KW‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١١٣  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬?
 ‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 KK١٦٨٣ Seki Ko wa ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
 
 
 W‫א‬K١
،،‫א‬ m × n ‫א‬‫א‬W١
 K n ‫א‬ m ‫א‬،
 K‫א‬1× 1 ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬ 3 × 3 ،1× 5 ، 4 × 1، 3 × 2 ، 2 × 3 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W١
⎛ −1⎞
⎛ 5 3 ⎞ ⎜ ⎟ ⎛ 5 2 − 3⎞
⎛ 5 7 10 ⎞ ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟0 ⎜ ⎟
  A = ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟, B = ⎜ 7 5 ⎟, C = ⎜ ⎟, D = (− 0.6 2 17 1 0 ), E = ⎜ 1 0 0.7 ⎟
⎝ 3 5 12 ⎠ ⎜10 12 ⎟ 0.5
⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ ⎜2 − 4 0 ⎟
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
⎝ 2 ⎠
 W
 KK‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ W٢
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٢
⎛3 + 2 2 − 1 × 3⎞ ⎛ 5 2 − 3⎞
⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟
 F =⎜ 1 0 0.7 ⎟, G = ⎜ 1 2 0.7 ⎟
⎜ 2 2−6 0 ⎟⎠ ⎜2 − 4 0 ⎟
⎝ ⎝ ⎠
‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬ E ≠ G 
 ، A ≠ B
 K E = F ،E‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١١٣  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬

 W‫א‬K٢
 W‫א‬‫א‬١{٢
،‫א‬‫א‬ EFW٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٣
⎛ 2 4 7 ⎞ ⎛− 2 0 1⎞
  A = ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ B = ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟
⎝ − 6 3 − 1 ⎠ ⎝ 3 4 7 ⎠
 W
 1) A + B, 2) B − A.
 W‫א‬
⎛ 2 − 2 4 + 0 7 +1 ⎞ ⎛ 0 4 8 ⎞
1) A + B = ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ = ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟
⎝ − 6 + 3 3 + 4 − 1 + 7 ⎠ ⎝ − 3 7 6 ⎠
 
⎛ − 2 − 2 0 − 4 1 − 7 ⎞ ⎛ − 4 − 4 − 6⎞
2) B − A = ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ = ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟
⎝ 3 − ( − 6) 4 − 3 7 − ( − 1) ⎠ ⎝ 9 1 8 ⎠
 K‫א‬W١
 W‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٤
 1) B + A, 2) B + ( A + B), 3) B + B + A.
 W‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬1‫א‬E1
⎛ 0 4 8 ⎞
  B + A = A + B = ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟
⎝ − 3 7 6⎠
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬1‫א‬E2

⎛ 0 4 8 ⎞ ⎛ − 2 0 1⎞ ⎛ − 2 4 9⎞
  B + ( A + B) = ( B + A) + B = ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ + ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ = ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟
⎝ − 3 7 6 ⎠ ⎝ 3 4 7 ⎠ ⎝ 0 11 13 ⎠
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬2‫א‬E3
⎛ − 2 4 9⎞
  B + B + A = B + A + B = B + ( A + B) = ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟
⎝ 0 11 13 ⎠
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١١٣  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬

 W‫א‬٢{٢
،‫א‬EFEFW٤
EFE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬W٥
⎛3 0⎞ ⎛ 0.5 1 ⎞
⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟
  A = ⎜ 1 2 ⎟, B = ⎜ 0 − 2 ⎟.
⎜6 5⎟ ⎜ 3 0.4 ⎟
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
 W
B
 1) 3 A, 2) − A + 2 B , 3) .
−2
 W‫א‬
⎛3 0⎞ ⎛ 3 × 3 3 × 0⎞ ⎛ 9 0 ⎞
⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟
 1) 3 A = 3 × ⎜ 1 2 ⎟ = ⎜ 3 × 1 3 × 2 ⎟ = ⎜ 3 6 ⎟
⎜ 6 5 ⎟ ⎜ 3 × 6 3 × 5 ⎟ ⎜18 15 ⎟
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
⎛ 3 0⎞ ⎛ 0.5 1 ⎞ ⎛ − 3 0 ⎞ ⎛ 1 2 ⎞ ⎛ − 2 2 ⎞
⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟
  2) − A + 2 B = −1 × ⎜ 1 2 ⎟ + 2 × ⎜ 0 − 2 ⎟ = ⎜ − 1 − 2 ⎟ + ⎜ 0 − 4 ⎟ = ⎜ − 1 − 6 ⎟
⎜6 5⎟ ⎜ 3 0.4 ⎟ ⎜ − 6 − 5 ⎟ ⎜ 6 0.8 ⎟ ⎜ 0 − 4.2 ⎟
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
⎛ 0.5 1 ⎞
⎜ ⎟ ⎛ 0.5 1 ⎞
⎜ 0 − 2 ⎟ ⎜−2 ⎟
− 2 ⎟ ⎛ − 0.25 − 0.5 ⎞
⎜
B ⎜⎝ 3 0.4 ⎟⎠ ⎜ 0 −2⎟ ⎜ ⎟
  3) = = =⎜ 0 1 ⎟
−2 −2 ⎜−2 −2⎟ ⎜ ⎟
⎜ 3 0.4 ⎟ ⎝ − 1.5 − 0.2 ⎠
⎜ ⎟
⎝−2 −2⎠
 KEFW٢
 W‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٦
 1) A × 3 2) 1.5(2 A)
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١١٣  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬

 W‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(1)‫א‬E1
⎛9 0⎞
⎜ ⎟
A × 3 = 3A = ⎜ 3 6 ⎟
⎜18 15 ⎟
⎝ ⎠
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(1)‫א‬E2
⎛9 0⎞
⎜ ⎟
 1.5(2 A) = (1.5 × 2) A = 3 A = ⎜ 3 6 ⎟
⎜18 15 ⎟
⎝ ⎠
 W٣{٢
‫א‬‫א‬W٥
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬W٧
⎛ − 3⎞
⎜ ⎟ ⎛ − 3⎞
1 ⎜ ⎟
 1) a = (1 − 2 0 0.3)⎜⎜ ⎟⎟, 2) b = (1 − 2 0 0.3)⎜ 1 ⎟.
4 ⎜ 4 ⎟
⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ ⎝ ⎠
⎝ 10 ⎠
 W‫א‬
 1) a = (1 × (−3)) + ((−2) × 1) + (0 × 4) + (0.3 × 10) = −3 − 2 + 0 + 3 = −2
 K‫א‬‫א‬ b E2
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W٤{٢
F k × n ‫א‬ m × k ‫א‬W٦
، m × n ‫א‬E ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١١٣  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬W٨
⎛ 1 1 ⎞ ⎛ 1 − 2 30 ⎞
⎛ 2 1 0⎞ ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟
  A = ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟, B = ⎜ − 1 2 ⎟, C = ⎜ 15 0 − 12 ⎟.
⎝ 5 − 1 3⎠ ⎜3 − 2⎟ ⎜ 23 3
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ 6 ⎟⎠
 W‫א‬
 1) AB, 2) BA, 3) BC.
 W‫א‬
⎛ ⎛1⎞ ⎛ 1 ⎞ ⎞
⎜ ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ ⎟
⎜ (2 1 0 ) ⎜ − 1⎟ (2 1 0) ⎜ 2 ⎟ ⎟
⎜ ⎜ 3⎟ ⎜ − 2⎟ ⎟ ⎛ 1 4 ⎞
 1) AB = ⎜ ⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠ ⎟=⎜ ⎟
⎜ ⎛1⎞ ⎛ 1 ⎞ ⎟ ⎜⎝15 − 3 ⎟⎠
⎜ (5 − 1 3) ⎜ − 1⎟ ⎜ ⎟
(5 − 1 3) ⎜ 2 ⎟ ⎟⎟
⎜ ⎜ ⎟
⎜ ⎜ 3⎟ ⎜ − 2⎟⎟
⎝ ⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠⎠
⎛ ⎛ 2⎞ 0⎞ ⎞
(1 1) ⎛⎜⎜
1⎞
⎜ (1 1) ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ ⎟⎟ (1 1) ⎛⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ ⎟
⎜ ⎝ 5⎠ ⎝ ⎠− 1 3
⎝ ⎠ ⎟ ⎛ 7 0 3 ⎞
⎜ ⎛ 0⎞ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟
  2) BA = ⎜ (− 1 2) ⎛⎜⎜ 2 ⎞⎟⎟ ⎛1⎞
(− 1 2) ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ (− 1 2) ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ ⎟ = ⎜ 8 − 3 6 ⎟
⎜ ⎝ 5⎠ ⎝ − 1⎠ ⎝ 3⎠ ⎟ ⎜
⎜ ⎟ ⎝ − 4 5 − 6 ⎟⎠
⎛ 2⎞
(3 − 2) ⎛⎜⎜ ⎞⎟⎟ (3 − 2) ⎛⎜⎜ ⎞⎟⎟ ⎟
1 0
⎜ (3 − 2 ) ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟
⎝ ⎝ 5⎠ ⎝ − 1⎠ ⎝ 3⎠⎠
‫א‬‫א‬2‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E3
  K3
 AB ≠ BA W ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(2)(1)‫א‬W
 K‫א‬
 K‫א‬W٣
 W٧‫א‬(1)‫א‬‫א‬W٩
⎛ − 3⎞
⎜ ⎟
1
  A = ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟(1 − 2 0 0.3)
4
⎜⎜ ⎟⎟
⎝ 10 ⎠
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١١٣  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬

 W‫א‬
⎛ − 3 × 1 − 3 × −2 − 3 × 0 − 3 × 0.3 ⎞ ⎛ − 3 6 0 − 0.9 ⎞
⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟
1×1 1 × −2 1× 0 1 × 0.3 ⎟ ⎜ 1 −2 0 0.3 ⎟
  A = ⎜⎜ =
4 ×1 4 × −2 4×0 4 × 0.3 ⎟ ⎜ 4 −8 0 1.2 ⎟
⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ ⎜⎜ ⎟
⎝ 10 × 1 10 × −2 10 × 0 10 × 0.3 ⎠ ⎝ 10 − 20 0 3 ⎟⎠
 W 
⎛ − 3⎞ ⎛ − 3⎞
⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟
1 1
(1 − 2 0 0.3)⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ ≠ ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟(1 − 2 0 0.3)
4 4
⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟
⎝ 10 ⎠ ⎝ 10 ⎠
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫أي‬
 K‫א‬ n × 1 ‫א‬1 × n 
 W‫א‬‫א‬W١٠
⎛ 2 1 ⎞
⎛ − 1⎞ ⎜ ⎟
  A = ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟, B = (3 0 0.5), C = ⎜ − 3 0 ⎟.
⎝ 2⎠ ⎜ 0 4 ⎟
⎝ ⎠
 W‫א‬
 1) ( AB)C , 2) A( BC ).
 W‫א‬
⎛ 2 1 ⎞
⎛ − 3 0 − 0.5 ⎞ ⎜ ⎟ ⎛ − 6 − 5⎞
 1) ( AB)C = ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ ⎜ − 3 0 ⎟ = ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟
⎝ 6 0 1 ⎠⎜ ⎟ ⎝ 12 10 ⎠
⎝ 0 4 ⎠
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬1‫א‬E2
⎛ − 6 − 5⎞
  A( BC ) = ( AB)C = ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟
⎝ 12 10 ⎠
 W ،‫א‬W٤
1) ( A + B)C = AC + BC
 
2) A( B + C ) = AB + AC
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ C  B  A ‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١١٣  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬

 W‫א‬
، n × m ‫א‬ At ‫א‬ m × n ‫א‬ A W٧
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W١١
 W‫א‬
⎛ 3 ⎞
⎜ ⎟ ⎛ 2 − 3 0⎞
  At = (− 1 2), B t = ⎜ 0 ⎟, C t = ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟.
⎜ 0.5 ⎟ ⎝ 1 0 4 ⎠
⎝ ⎠

 W‫א‬‫א‬K٣
 W‫א‬‫א‬١{٣
 K‫א‬ A ‫א‬W٨
 W‫א‬‫א‬W١٢
⎛ 1 0 − 3⎞
⎛ 1 − 1⎞ ⎛ − 2 3⎞ ⎜ ⎟
A = ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟, B = ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟, C = ⎜ 4 − 2 1 ⎟,
⎝1 0 ⎠ ⎝ 1 1⎠ ⎜− 2 0
⎝ 1 ⎟⎠
⎛ 0 1 4 ⎞
⎜ ⎟ ⎛ − 4 0 6⎞
D = ⎜ − 5 3 0 ⎟, E = ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟
⎜ 6 1 − 3⎟ ⎝ 0 1 − 5 ⎠
⎝ ⎠
  3 × 3  C ‫ و‬D ‫اﻟﻤﺼﻔﻮﻓﺎت‬ 2 × 2  A ‫ و‬B ‫اﻟﻤﺼﻔﻮﻓﺎت‬
  E ‫א‬

 W‫א‬٢{٣
‫א‬1‫א‬،‫א‬W٩
‫א‬I، n × n ‫א‬‫א‬ I n K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١١٣  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬

 W١٣
⎛1 0 0 0⎞
⎛1 0 0⎞ ⎜ ⎟
⎛1 0⎞ ⎜ ⎟ ⎜0 1 0 0⎟
  I 2 = ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ I3 = ⎜ 0 1 0⎟ I4 = ⎜
⎝ 0 1 ⎠ ⎜0 0 1⎟ 0 0 1 0⎟
⎝ ⎠ ⎜⎜ ⎟
⎝0 0 0 1 ⎟⎠
 K‫א‬‫א‬W٥
 W‫א‬W١٤
⎛ 1 2 3⎞⎛ 1 0 0⎞ ⎛ 1 0 0 ⎞⎛ 1 2 3 ⎞
⎜ ⎟⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟⎜ ⎟
 1) A = ⎜ 0 − 3 4 ⎟ ⎜ 0 1 0 ⎟, 2) B = ⎜ 0 1 0 ⎟⎜ 0 − 3 4 ⎟.
⎜ 1 5 2⎟⎜ 0 0 1⎟ ⎜ 0 0 1 ⎟⎜ 1 5 2 ⎟
⎝ ⎠⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠⎝ ⎠
 W‫א‬
⎛1 2 3⎞⎛1 0 0⎞ ⎛1 2 3⎞ ⎛ 1 0 0 ⎞⎛ 1 2 3 ⎞ ⎛ 1 2 3 ⎞
⎜ ⎟⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟
1) A = ⎜ 0 − 3 4 ⎟ ⎜ 0 1 0 ⎟ = ⎜ 0 − 3 4 ⎟, 2) B = ⎜ 0 1 0 ⎟⎜ 0 − 3 4 ⎟ = ⎜ 0 − 3 4 ⎟.
⎜1 5 2⎟⎜ 0 0 1⎟ ⎜ 1 5 2⎟ ⎜ 0 0 1 ⎟⎜ 1 5 2 ⎟ ⎜ 1 5 2 ⎟
⎝ ⎠⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠

 W‫א‬‫א‬K٤
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ n × n ‫א‬‫א‬W١٠
 K det (A) K‫א‬

 K1× 1 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K

 W 2 × 2 ‫א‬‫א‬١{٤
⎛a b ⎞
E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ A = ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟  2 × 2 ‫א‬W١١
⎝ c d ⎠
 W ،E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
a b
  det (A) = = ad − bc
c d
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١١٣  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W١٥
2 4 1 −1
 1) , 2)
1 3 5 0
 W‫א‬
2 4 1 −1
 1) = (2 × 3) − (4 × 1) = 6 − 4 = 2, 2) = (1 × 0) − (5 × −1) = 0 − (−5) = 5
1 3 5 0

 W 3 × 3 ‫א‬‫א‬٢{٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ A ‫א‬ 3 × 3 ‫א‬W١٢
 ،E ‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
⎛ a11 a12 a13 ⎞
⎜ ⎟
 W A = ⎜ a21 a22 a23 ⎟ ‫א‬
⎜a a33 ⎟⎠
⎝ 31 a32
a11 a12 a13 a11 a12 a13 a11 a12
det (A) = a21 a22 a23 = a21 a22 a23 a21 a22
 
a31 a32 a33 a31 a32 a33 a31 a32
= a11a22 a33 + a12 a23 a31 + a13 a21a32 − a31a22 a13 − a32 a23 a11 − a33 a21a12
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W١٦
1 3 9 −1 0 2
 1) 2 6 3 , 2) 5 1 − 3.
8 7 4 0 −2 4
 W‫א‬
1 3 9 1 3 91 3
1) 2 6 3 = 2 6 3 2 6
8 7 4 8 7 48 7
  = (1 × 6 × 4) + (3 × 3 × 8) + (9 × 2 × 7) − (8 × 6 × 9) − (7 × 3 × 1) − (4 × 2 × 3)
= 24 + 72 + 126 − 432 − 21 − 24 = −255
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١١٣  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬

−1 0 2 −1 0 2 −1 0
2) 5 1 −3 = 5 1 −3 5 1
0 −2 4 0 −2 4 0 −2
  = (−1 × 1 × 4) + (0 × −3 × 0) + (2 × 5 × −2) − (0 × 1 × 2) − (−2 × −3 × −1) − (4 × 5 × 0)
= −4 + 0 − 20 − 0 − (−6) − 0 = −18
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W١٧
⎛ 1 0 − 3⎞
⎛ 1 − 1⎞ ⎛ − 2 3⎞ ⎜ ⎟
A = ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟, B = ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟, C = ⎜ 4 − 2 1 ⎟,
⎝ 1 0 ⎠ ⎝ 1 1 ⎠ ⎜− 2 0
⎝ 1 ⎟⎠
⎛ 0 1 4 ⎞
⎜ ⎟ ⎛ − 4 0 6⎞
D = ⎜ − 5 3 0 ⎟, E = ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟
⎜ 6 1 − 3⎟ ⎝0 1 −5⎠
⎝ ⎠
 W‫א‬
1 −1 −2 3
det( A) = = 0 − (−1) = 1, det( B ) = = −2 − 3 = −5
1 0 1 1
1 0 −3 1 0 −3 1 0
  det(C ) = 4 −2 1 = 4 −2 1 4 − 2 = −2 + 0 + 0 − (−12) − 0 − 0 = 10
−2 0 1 −2 0 1 −2 0
0 1 4 0 1 4 0 1
det( D) = − 5 3 0 = −5 3 0 − 5 3 = 0 + 0 − 20 − 72 − 0 − 15 = −107
6 1 −3 6 1 −3 6 1
 K E   det(E ) 
 KW٦
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W١٨
 1) det( AB), 2) det( BA), 3) det(CD ), 4) det( DC ).
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١١٣  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬

 W‫א‬
‫א‬K
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
1) det( AB) = det( A) × det( B ) = 1 × −5 = −5
2) det( BA) = det( B ) × det( A) = −5 × 1 = −5
 
3) det(CD ) = det(C ) × det( D) = 10 × −107 = −1070
4) det( DC ) = det( D) × det(C ) = −107 × 10 = −1070

 W‫א‬K5
– J A−1 ‫א‬‫א‬ A W١٣
 W ،‫א‬
AA −1 = A −1 A = I
  2 × 2 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬ A ‫א‬W٧
 W 2 × 2 
‫א‬ det A = ad − bc ≠ 0 ‫א‬ d  c  b  a ‫א‬W٨
 W 
⎛ d − b⎞ ⎛ d − b⎞
⎜⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟
− c a ⎟⎠ ⎜⎝ − c a ⎟⎠
−1
⎛a b⎞ ⎝
  ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ = =
⎝c d⎠ ad − bc a b
c d
 K‫א‬ 2 × 2 ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫ א‬2 × 2 ‫א‬‫א‬W١٩
⎛ 3 − 1⎞ ⎛1 2⎞ ⎛ 2 − 6⎞
 1) A = ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ , 2) B = ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ , C = ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟.
⎝ 2 0 ⎠ ⎝ 3 4 ⎠ ⎝ 1 3 ⎠
 W‫א‬
 W‫א‬ A ‫א‬E1
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١١٣  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬

⎛ 0 − (−1) ⎞ ⎛ 0 1 ⎞
−1 ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟
⎛ 3 − 1⎞ − 2 3 − 2 3 ⎠ = ⎛⎜ 0 0.5 ⎞⎟
  ⎜⎜ ⎟ =⎝ ⎠=⎝
⎝2 0 ⎟⎠ 3 −1 2 ⎜ − 1 1.5 ⎟
⎝ ⎠
2 0
 W‫א‬ B ‫א‬E2
⎛ 4 − 2⎞ ⎛ 4 − 2⎞
−1 ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟
⎛1 2⎞
  ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ =⎝
− 3 1 ⎠=⎝ − 3 1 ⎠ = ⎛⎜ − 2 1 ⎞
3 4 1 2 −2 ⎜ 1.5 − 0.5 ⎟⎟
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
3 4
 K‫א‬ C ‫א‬E3
 
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬W١
⎛1 −1 0 ⎞ ⎛− 3 −1⎞ ⎛ 0 −1 0 ⎞
⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ ⎛ 5 1 0 ⎞ ⎜ ⎟
  A = ⎜ 2 3 − 1⎟, B=⎜ 5 2 ⎟, C = ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟, D = ⎜ 6 − 1 − 1⎟
⎜5 − 2 3 ⎟ ⎜ 0 − 2⎟ ⎝ − 3 − 2 − 4⎠ ⎜− 4 − 2 3 ⎟
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 1) − 2 A + 3D, 2) C + B t , 3) 3 At − 2 D t , 4) 3( At + D), 5)2(C t + I − 3B)
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٢
⎛ 4 1 ⎞ ⎛ 1 2 1 ⎞⎛ 2 − 1 ⎞
⎛ 3 1 − 2 ⎞⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟⎜ ⎟
1) ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ ⎜ − 1 0 ⎟, 2) ⎜ − 2 3 5 ⎟ ⎜ 4 3 ⎟,
⎝ 4 − 1 2⎠⎜ ⎟ ⎜ − 1 4 − 2⎟⎜ − 3 − 2⎟
⎝ 2 − 2⎠ ⎝ ⎠⎝ ⎠
  ⎛3 − 1⎞
⎜ ⎟ ⎛ 2 − 3 4 ⎞⎛ 3 0 − 1⎞
⎛1 2 − 1 − 4⎞⎜ 2 0⎟ ⎜ ⎟⎜ ⎟
3) ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ ⎜ , 4) ⎜ − 1 4 − 2 ⎟ ⎜ 2 5 − 3 ⎟.
⎝ 0 3 7 1 ⎠⎜ 4 − 1⎟ ⎜1
⎜3 ⎟ ⎝ 0 5 ⎟⎠ ⎜⎝ 1 2 − 3 ⎟⎠
⎝ 7 ⎟⎠
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٣
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١١٣  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬

−1 2 2 5 0 7
1) , 2) , 3) ,
3 5 3 −1 3 6
  3 1 1 −1 2 0 1 2 3
4) 2 −1 2 , 5) − 3 1 1 , 6) 0 1 4 .
−1 2 0 −2 2 5 0 0 1
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬W٤
⎛6 12 ⎞
  M = ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟
⎝ 12 − 6 ⎠
 W‫א‬
 1) det( M ). 2) det( M 2 ). 3) det( M 3 ).
 W‫א‬W٥
⎛−1 2 ⎞ ⎛ 5 − 10 ⎞
 1) A = ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟, 2) B = ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟,
⎝ 4 − 6 ⎠ ⎝ − 1 2 ⎠
 W‫א‬‫א‬W٦
⎛ − 2 3⎞ ⎛ 5 1⎞ ⎛− 5 9 ⎞
  A = ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟, B = ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟, C = ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟.
⎝ 1 0 ⎠ ⎝ − 1 2 ⎠ ⎝ 6 − 6 ⎠
 W R  Q  P ‫א‬
 1) P = 2 A + B 2 , 2) AQ + BQ = I , 3) RA = C.
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٧
⎛0 0 1⎞
⎜ ⎟
  B = A−1 ⎜ 0 1 0 ⎟ A
⎜1 0 0⎟
⎝ ⎠
 W‫א‬‫א‬W٨
⎛2 −1⎞
⎛ − 2 3⎞ ⎜ ⎟ ⎛5 − 3 0 ⎞
  A = ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟, B = ⎜ 0 1 ⎟, C = ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟.
⎝ 1 0 ⎠ ⎜ 3 − 2⎟ ⎝ 1 2 − 4 ⎠
⎝ ⎠
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 1) AB t , 2) BA−1 , 3) B − C t , 4) A−1 B t + C