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ÞÞ ÞÞÞ E X E R C IC lO S D E A p L Ic A Çiio
Þ 6 U m a e s p ir a qu a? a da ,
de ? ea 4 cm
2
fi
g ir a n u m c a m p o
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m agn
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m a gn
é tic a d o cam p o , ,
e a
r se gu n do
r e v o lu çõe s p o
i a v e lo c id a d e a n g u la r ? e s p ir a
a) D e te n n n e
v a lo r m á x im o d a f e m In d u z id a
b ) D e te r m in e o
c e o g r á fic o
? fe m In d u z id a e m fu n ç ão d o
c) E sbo
te m p o
b o b in de so e s p ir a q u a dra da de
7 (p u c s p ) U m a a u m a , .
g u la r u e m to m o
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la d o a -
, , ,
,
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c a】 m agn é tic o u n ifo r m e d e in te n s i
do e ix o n u m
P a r a q u e s e ja in d u z id a n e s ta b o b in a u m a f e m
dade 1 T
m áx im o 1 0 V c a lc u le a v e lo c id a de an g u la r d a
d e v a lo r ,
b o b in a
E X E R C Ic lO S D E R E F O R ÇO ı ı»
目
阳
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543
9
b i o
(u F L A M G ) A fıg u r a a a x
re p r e s e n ta u m a e s p lr a g ir a n d o em to m o d e s e u i
e xo c o in
,
v e lo
c id a r ı
O gráfico q u e m e lh o r re p r e s e n ta a v a r ia ç ão d a fo rç a e le tr o m o tr iz
g e ra d a n o s te rm in a is A B
r e la ç ão a o te m p o ,
é , em
O e n u n c ia do qu e se g u e f
r e e re iis q u e s tõ e s d e
se n tim e ro s 10 e 11
U m a b o b in a c h a ta fo rm a d a p o r 5 0 0 e s ir a s
p
q u a d r a d a s d e la d o a -
, 2 0 c m , g ir a e m to m o
d o e ix o C C ' c o m e lo c id a d e
v a n g u la r w
o b te n d o s e n a b o b i
,
n a u m a c o r r e n te d e v l
a or
e fic a z i u a l a 3 5 A
g d s u a s e x tr e m i
, q u a iı o
,
d a d e s e s tã o e m c u r t
o N a regão a tu a u m
c am p o d e in d u ç ã o m a g n é ū c a Ë u n ifo r m
e e
e s ta c io n ár io
, p e r p e n d ic u la r a C C ' , c o n fo r m e
a fig u r a S a b e s e a i
n d a q u e c a d a e s ir a t
p em
u n ı a r e s is tê n c ia d e 0
,
04 Q
ı 10 (U M
s e a firm
a c k e n z ie
ar qu e
SP )S a be n do
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e ) 10 r a d /s
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6 0 T R A N S FO R
.
M AD O R
da s c id a d e s o n de e ssa e n e r ia
g se rá c o
n su m id a h a v
en d
XX
,
o e n tão
m in im o d e p e rd a s L em bra n d o u
' " ce,
q e a
po tê n c ia d i
ssi a d a
p em um r e s is to r
d e b a ix in te n s id a d e é da da
a Por por
o u tr o la d o sa bem o s
po ssa m o s tr a n s m itir r a ti ,
qu e p _ U
p c am e n te a m e sm a
p o tên c ia g e r .
,
į H e '
a e n e rg ia e lé tr ic a a s e r c o n su m id a n as in d ris tr ia s e
te n s ã o b a ix a r e s id ên c ia s d
um a V em o s en tã o q u c he g ar c o
eve
e h á a n e c e s s id a d e d m
au m en ta r o u d im in u ir a te n ã lh o s q u e o s s e a a re
p
s o T a is a p a r e lh o s s ii d p a m
o e n o m in a d o s t
N a s u s in a s g e ra do ra s r a n s fo r m a d o r e
te n s ā o
p r o d u z id a é d a o r d e m d e 10 0 00
a s
,
U s a s e e n tã o v o lts e fic a z e s
u n ı tr a n s fo r m ado r q u e a u m e n ta e s s a te n s ã o a r a u m v a l
d e 10 0 0 0 0 p o r da d o r em
v o lts e ńcazes A o che g ar ao s c e n tr o s de c o n su m o e ssa te n s ão é
a b a ix a da té u m v a lo r c o n v e n ie n te
,
a
(n a s in d lis u ia s p o d e s e n e c e s s ita r de um v a lo r
da o rde m de 10 0 0 0 lts
v o ,
en qu an to n a s r e s id ên c ia s a te n s ão é da o rde m de
10 0 v o lts )
B a s ic a m e n te u m tr a n s fo m rl a d o r é c o n s titu id o d e d u a s b o b in a s e le tric a m e n te
,
is o la d a s u m a d a o u tr a e n r o la da s so bre u m m e s m o m ic le o d e fe iT o (F ig 12 ) N u m
,
d o s e n r o la m e n to s d e n in a d o p r im Ĥ io a p lic a m o s u m a te n s ão a lte m a d a d e v a lo r
o m
, ,
e n r o la m e n to E s s a c o r r e n te v a r iá v e l p r o d u z u m flu x o v a r iáv e l c u ja m a io r p a r te ,
d
fic a c o n fin a d a a
o fe i r o E s s e flu x o v a r iá v e l d e a c o r d o c o m a L e i d e F a r a a y ,
,
in d u z ir á n o o u t l a d a de
r o e n r o la m e n to d e n o m in a d o s e c u n d Ĥ io u m a te n s ão a te m
,
,
v a lo r e fic a z 0 d ia n te
2 C o m o v e re m o s a ,
de p e n d e n d o d em c ada
o m im e ro de e s p ir a s
e n r o la U U
m e n to , p o d e r e m o s te r 2 > r
(n e s s e c a so o tra n s fo r m a d o r é u m e le v a do r
d e te n s ã
o) o u u 2 < u t (n e s s e c a so o
tr a n s fo
rm a do r é b a ix a d o r d e te n s ão )
u m a
Po de re
m o s te r ta m b é m U 2 - U t p o r ém ,
.Į
e s se
c a so o b v ia m e n te n ã o te m in te r e s s e
p r átic o
O id e a l é u e to d a fornecida
p o tê n c ia
h
q a
di
se c u
n d ir io N h á p e fd a s p o r
o e n ta n to n ,
a p r á tic a ,
"
gar bo ra qu a s lin h a s
de m o u d s "
, em
a se to d a s
en a
a p fe s e
n te pe qu
Ąs do se fe rr o qu e
p e rd a s íd a s u san
p o r M s te r e s e s ão d im in u
com o Ja
rili l i is o la n te ,
c le o
e lâm in a s p o f
m a te r a 5 45 ・
se p a ra n d o se as
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m e n c io n a don o c a p ftu lo 2 0 N o e n ta n to ,
a p e s a r d e s s a s p e r d a s , n o s tr a n s fo r m a d o
re s m o d e rn o s
p o de se c h e g a r a u m
r e n d im e n to d e a té 9 9 % A s s im , p o d e
m o s im a g in a r u m tr a n s fo rm a d o r id e a l o
,
q u a l n ã o a p r e s e n ta p e r d a s A s c o n s id e
ra çō e s se g u in te s v a le m p a r a tr a n s fo rm a
F lg ?a
d o r e s id e a is
S e ja m N , e N 2 o s n ūm e ro s de e s p ir a s n o p r im ár io e se c u n d ár io , r e s p e c tiv a
m e n te P o de se e n tão d e m o n s tr a r qu e
生 一
垦
U 2 N 2
o n de U 1 e U 2 s ão a s te n s õ e s p r im ár io e şecunduio r e s p e c tiv a m e n te
e fic a z e s n o ,
S e ja il a c o n e n te e fic a z n o p r im ir io S e o s e c u n d ár io fo r fe c h a d o p o r u m
r e s is to r d e r e s is tê n c ia R (F i
g 1 4 ) e le s e r á p e r c o rr id o p o r u m a c o iT e n te c u jo v a lo r
,
e c a z é i2 C o m o o tr a n s fo r m a d o r é id e a l a
fi p o tê n c ia é a m e s m a n o p r im ir io e n o
,
secun duio
Ș E
R
Ħg 14
O bse rv a çõe s
1?) N u m
ser u sado
tr a n s fo r m a d o
co m o
r, q u a lq u e r e n r o la m e n to p o d e
p r im ? io o u secundiio
飞 厂
2 ?) O s in n b o lo de u m u a n s fo r m a d o r c o m n ú c le o d e
fe ir o é o a p r e s e n ta do ao la d o
:
一
壶 驾 ぶ
a) o v a lo r eficaz d a te n s ã o n o se c u n d ár io
b) o v aı
o r e fic a z d a c o r r e n te n o se c u n d á r io
E X E R C Ic lO S D E R E F O R ÇO = ı I
14 (V U N E S P SP) A s s in a le alternativa q u e in d ic a u m d is p o s itiv o o u c o m p o n e n te q u e s ó p o d e
a
c o rr e n te c o n tin u a
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b) F u sĺv e l
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15 (U Ħ A M G ) A fi\ ra a o la d o p r e s e n ta
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ı
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o de se
m e o (G ) e a p o s iç ã o d a c h a v e ( ) p
C ,
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tid o h o r áń o en qu an to a chav e (C ) p e r m an e ce r
d o g a lv ôm e tr o ir á d e lle tir n o se n
a ) o p o n te ir o an
tid o an ń h o r ár io en qu an to a chav e (C )
e tr o ir á d e fle tir n o se n ,
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do g a lv an ôm
.X , X fe c h a r b r ir
o u a .
s o m e n te n o s
in s ta n te s em qu e se
m e tr o s o fr e r á d e fle x ō e s
d o p o n te ir o n o in s ta n te d e
ão h a v e rá d e fle x ã o in s ta n tân ea
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d)
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a r lo s
16 (F u n
d o n o de sen
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fo r m a d o r e a
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o se c u n d r .
fi m a r qu e , n
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ń m á r io
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C A P IT U L0 2
3
S
ELET R O M A
G N ÉT IC A S
1 .
C A M PO S M AG N ÈT ıc o s ı
N D U Z ID O S
A o e s tu d a rm os a L ei de F ara d a y
v im o s q 1J ' " ' " p o m a g . é tic ・ v m iá v e l
,
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u m c am po e lé tr ic o v a r iá v e l p .. d. .
"nético
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D A S O N D A S ELE T R O M
A G N ÈT ıC A S
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ã o m e n c io n a d o s a c m a v a x w i ]i c İ im u s u u u
d o is e fe ito s d e in d u g
,
C on s id e r a n d o o s
iá v e l p r o d u z u m
e u m c a m p o e lé tr ic o v a r
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ú ltim o p r o d u z in d o o u tr o c a m p o E l tr c o
é i á e l c o m e s te
n b m a r v
c a m p o m a g n é tic o ta 】
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,
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,
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p o r d ia n
t e e a
v a r iá v e l e a s ,
e x ib in d o e s s e s t a iu p u s p o pa g an d o se ,
,
ll d e o n dae le tr o m a g n é tic a
fo i c fia m da po f M ax w e
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s ã o p r o d u z id a s p
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C a be e n tã o a p e rgu n e le tr o m a g
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O p r ó p r io M ax w
ite m o n d a s e le tr o m a g n é tic a s
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da s m ec ân ic a s as q u a is n ão se
da s o n ,
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o ) pa
ra
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ł
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T
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e
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, ç ,. i, a in te n s id
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q u e n o in s ta n te t = Į
, e la é n o v a m e n te n u la (F i I e ) A p a r tir d e s s e i
2
' g n s ta n te
a
in te n s id a d e d e Ê v i ,
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o ,
in s ta n te t =
a in te n s id a d e é n o v a m e n te
m á x im a (F ig
4 I g ) E m s e g u id a a
in te n s id a d e v a i d im i i ,
n u n d o a té a n u la r s e n o v
a m e n te n o in s ta n te t T q u a n do =
r e c o m e a o c ic l ,
ç o
, !
'
r !
'
F ig 1
0 co m p o r ta m to do
g " é tic o B
en cam
po m é
m o s tr o u ta m b é m
se m e lh a n te ao de Ê M a x w e ll
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po s Ë e B o sc ila m co m o m esm d o (e p o r ta n to
o p e r ıo
F ig 2 ilu s tr a a v a r ia ão
ç s im u ltân do
ea s c am
po s Ê e
p a ssa u m a o n da e le tr o m a n
g é tic a O b s e rv e
n u m
p o n to p p e lo q u a l
qu e p e lo fa to d e o s d o is c a m p o s
a tin g e m a in te n s id a d e m ix im a ao m es
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l ik n
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m a n éi
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F ig 3
n sver
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, d e te r m i o se r
p o r ta n t
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po s Ë e B de u m
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s p e r te a o n
n c e n te s
a o e ix o x
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p s e n ta a ,
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g 3
3 . CARACTERISTICAS D As o N D As
E L E T R O M A G N ÉT ı
CAs
Sen do 7 a v e lo c id a de de pro pa
g a ç ão d e u m a o n da E le tr o m a g n é tic a o s
,
v e to r e s ,
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in s ta n te (q u e n ão j
se a u m in s ta n te em
qu e Ê e Ë la m ) s e n ū d o s ta is
se an u ,
qu e o be de c e m à
r e g r a d a m ão e s q u e r d a
r e p r e s e n ta d a n a F ig 4
M a x w e ll m o s tr o u q u e n o v á c u o
q u a lq u er o n da e le tr o m g n é tic a p r o p a g a
a
se c o m a m e sm a v e lo c id a d e v d a d a p o r
n itiv id a d e e a p e rm ea b ilid a d e a b s o lu ta s
on de eo e s ão
t
f e s p e c tiv a m e n e
a pen
ìıo
,
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s is te m a lnternacional
do v ác u o L em bra n do qu e n o
7
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e /1 0
eo
4 rr 9 i0 9
8 /s
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a c o n h e c id a c o m bo a
lu n o v ác u o a q u a l já e r
id a d e d a z ,
s ñ s ic o s a
co m 0 v a lo r da v e lo c d a s p is ta s q u e le v a r a m o
d ê n c ia fo i u m a
p r e c is ã o n a ép o c a E s s a c o in c i
e le u o m a g n é tic a s n o v ác u o
das
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e d
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tu r a d o m e io D e s d e q u e e la p o s s a s e p r o p a g a r , s u a v e lo c id a d e v d e e n
e s tn ı
p de rá d
e
s u a fr e ū ê n c ia e ? e s tr u tu r a d o m e io e c c im c e r te z a te r e m o s v <
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co m v e lo c id a d e v e m u m m e io q u a lq u e r S e n d o 入 o s e u c o m p r im e n to d e o
n da d
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V = À f
Se u m a o n é ū c a p a s s a d e u m m e io p a r a o u tr o s u
da e le tr o m agn , a fr e q ū ên c i
a
n ão se a lte r a
m a s s u a v e lo c id a d e p o d e r á a lte r a r s e e n e sse c a so a lte r a r
, , , se á
ta m b é m o s e u c o m i
p r m e n to d e o n d a
C o m o v e r e m o s a d ia n te h á o n d a s e le tr o m a g n é tic a s im
,
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o s s e g u in te s s u b m ŭ 1ti lo s d o m e tr o
p e q u e n o s A s s im s ão u s a d o s , P Ü
p
1 m ilim e tr o - 1 m m - 10 3
m
1 m ic r ô m e tr o - 1 H m - 10 6
m
1 n an ōm e tr o - 1 nm = 10 9
m
O u tr a u n id a d e ito da é Å
m u u sa o an g s tr o m ,
cu jo s im b o lo é
1 Å _ 10 10
m
4 0 ES PEC TR O ELET R O M A G N ÉT ı
.
c o
O e s p e c tr o e le
h o m a g n é ū c o é o c o n u n to d
j a s fr e q ü ê n c ia s c o n h e c id a s
p a ra a s
o n da s e le tr o m
é tic a s T e o r ic a m e n te
a gn p o d e e x is tir q u a lq u e r v a lo r d e fr e ū ên c ia
m a s a s fr e q ū ê n c ia s o b tid a q ,
,
s a té h o je s ã o a s r e la i \
c o n ada s n a F i 5 o e s p e c tro
e le tr o m a g n é tic o é d iv id id
g
o em r e g iõ e s c o m n o m e s e s e c ia is E s s e s n o m e s s ão
d e te r m in a d o s à s v e z e s e lo m o d d p
p o e p r o d u ão e à s v e
ç z e s p e lo m o d o d e u tiliz a ão
d a s o n d a s e le tr o m a n é tic a s c ç
g o m o v e re m o s di , a a n te
fre q ū ê n c ia (e m h e r tz )
' 23 24
10 22 10 1 0
OL
In fm ho uitvm m ig a m a
o lr
- m i
Tv e m
彐
co m p r im e n to de on da ác u o
no v
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O N D A S E L E T RR O M
P A G N ÉT c A S ・
ı
O s s ig n ific a d o das
s s ig la s
qu e a p are c
em n a F ig 5
O L o n d a s lo de s ão o s se g u in te s
n g as r á d io
OM o n da s mdias d
e r á d io
as
q u a is c o s tu m a m s e r ,
p e la s ig la A M (s i la d r e p r e s e n ta d a s ta m b é
m
g e a m p litu d e
"
O C d
o n a s c u r ta s d m o d u la d a )
"
e r á d io
FM o n d a s d e r á d io
em fr e q ü ê n c ia m
o d u la d a
TV o n d a s d e te le v i ã
s o
lim ite s d a s d iv e r s
O s
a s r e iõ e s d
g o e s p e c tr o e le t
r o m a g n é tic o n ão s ã o m u it
b e m d e te r m in a d o s O b s e r v a n d o o
a F ig 5 n o ta
m o s ta m b ém l
a g u m a s r e iõ e s s e
s u p e rp õ e m A s s im q u e
g
p o r e x e m p lo u m a o n d a e l
,
2o e tr o m a g n étic a d e fr e q ū ê n c ia
,
1 0 H z ta n to p o d e s e r u m r a io x c o
m o u m r a io d
T e p e n d e n d o d e c o m o fo ip r o d u z id a
A in te r a ç ã o d e u m a o n d ,
a e le tr o m a n é tic
g a co m a m a tér ia de pe n de da
fr e q ū ê n c ia d a o n d a e d a e s tr u tu r a a tô
m ic o m o le c u l? d a m a téū a A s s im po r
e x e m p lo a lu z a tr a v e s s a u m a lâm in a d
,
, e v id r o tr a n s a r e n te m a s n ã o a tr a
p v e s s a u m a ,
lâm in a d e m a d e ir a o r a io X
p o r s u A v e z c o n s e g u e a tr a v e s s a r a lâm in a d e
,
,
m a d e ir a V e r e m o s o u tr o s e x e m lo s m a is a d ia n te p
N o s p r ó x im o s ite n s d e s te c a p ítu lo fm e m o s ,
u m b re v e r e la to das c a r a c te
r fs tic a s d e c a d a r e g iã o d o e s e c tr o e le tr o m a n é tic o
p g
5 .
0 N D A S D E R ÁD IO .
FM E TV
A s o n das de r á d io ,
FM e te le v is ã o p r o d u z id a s p o r in s tr u m e n to s
s ão
e le tr ô n ic o s , p ro v id o s de c ir c u ito s o s c ila n te s q u e fa z e m
,
com q u e c a r g a s e lé tr ic a s
ile m em u m a a n te n a r e tilĺ n e a s e n d o u tiliz a d a s e m a n s m i s s ō e s d e r á d io e
o sc ,
i i v e z e m 1 8 8 7 p e lo fis ic o H e in r ic h H e r tz
te le v is ã o F p d u z id a s p e la p r m e r a
,
o ra m ro
is s o c o m p r o v o u a te o ń a d e
M a x w e ll s o b r e a s o n d a s e le tr o m a g n é tic a s
qu e co m
o c h a Jn a d a s d e o n d a s
h e r tz ia n a s
po r is s o ,
e ssa s o n d a s fo r a m p o r m u ito te m p
D ev id o à c u r v a tu r a Da T e tr a ,
a s
é d ia s d e r á d io a s o n d a s d e F M
e
on das m ,
n o
a s o n d a s d e T V tê m a lc a n c e p e q u e ,
i s s õ es
se n d o e m g e r a l u s a d a s e
m tr a n s m
, ,
P ara qu e
d e n tr o d e u m a m e s m a c id a d e
n to s m a is
d is ta n
e s s a s o n d a s a tin ja m p o
s sa té lite g e o e s ta c io n á rio
de F lg 6
i erv e m
té lite s a r tif c ia is q u e s
com u n s as tr a n s m is s õ e s d e T V
ra s o u sa d ia s ão
d a s (F ig 6) H o je em
"
re fle to r e s
"
dį s o n
"
r e fle tir e m
"
as o n da s
é de
fin a lid a d e
a
da T e rra cu ja
ge o e s ta c io n ár io s ,
ħT n t n n to A p rAio de u m con
de e tir
fı as o n da s das F ig 7
re
n a fa ix a
de r á d io (F ig 7 ) 5 53 ・
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T e rT a a o n d a po de
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F M e T v n ã o s ã o r e fle tid a s p e la o
6 .
C R0 0 N D AS
M ı
o r in s tr u m e n
to s e le tr ô n ic o s c o m o n o c a s o d a s
p r o d u z id a s p
,
E ssa s o n da s s ão
d c o m u n ic a ç õ e s e n o s s is te m a s
n te u tiliz a a s
em
o n da s ? r á d io e s ã o p r in c ip a lm e ,
a d a p e la s
in ic ia is d e R a d io D e te c tio n A n d
d e r a d a r A p a la v r a r a r é fo r m
r ád io ) O r a
d a r é fo r m a d o b a s ic a m e n te p o r
R a n g in g (D e te c g ão e lo c a liz a ç ã o p o r
m r e c e p to r
d a s m ic r o o n d a s r e fle tid a s p o r u m o b je to
u m e m is s o r d e m ic r o o n d a s e u
a n é tic a e o in te r v a lo d e te m p o
l c id a d e d a o n d a e le tr o m g
q u a lq u e r C o n h e c id a a v e o
ã o d a o n d a r e fle tid a é d e te r m in a d a a
d e c o rT id o e n tre a e m is s ã o d a o n d a e a r e p ç
ce ,
p o s iç ã o d o o b je to
é o c o z im e n to r áp id o d e a lim e n to s , a tr a v és
U m a u tiliz a ç ã o a tu a l d e s s a s o n d a s
ic ro o n d a s N e s s e s a s o n d a s p r o d u z id a s p r o v o c a m
do s de n o m in a d o s fo rn o s de m ,
d o s a lim e n to s , a q u e c e n d o o s
a tr ito o lé c u la s d e á g u a
a g ita g ão e e n tr e as m
7 .
RA ı N FR A V E R M E L H O S
O S ı
d e s s a a g ita ç ão a s
E ssa s o n das s ão d e v id a s à a g ita ç ã o tér m ic a P o r c a u s a ,
Q u a lq u e r b je to ite o n d a s in fr a v e r m e lh a s e m m a io r o u m e n o r
m g n é tic a s
a o em
é m u ito
p e r a tu r a S e a te m p e r a tu r a d o o je to
in te n s id a d e de pe n den do d a te m b
,
b a ix a ,
e ìe e m d a s d e fr e q ū ên c ia b a ix a S e a te m p e r a tu r a é a lta e le
ite o n ,
em ite ta n to
o n da s de fr e q ū ê n c ia b a ix a q u a n to o n d a s d e fr e q ū ê n c ia m a is a lta
A s o n d a s in lr a v e r m e lh a s s ã o m a is fa c ilm e n te U a n s fo r m a d a s em e n e r g ia
té rm ic a d o q u e o u tr a s o n d a s q u a n d o a b s o r v id a s p o r u m c o lp o ,
is to é ,
e la s s ão m a is
e fic ie n te s d o q u e o u tr a s o n d a s p a r a p r o v o c a r a q u e c im en to d e o b je to s
Ex em pł
o E fe ito es
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à lu z e ta m b ém às o n d a s in fr a v e rm e lh a s d e a lta fr e q ū ê n c ia m as n ão é tr a n s p a r e n
,
te às o n da s in fr a v e rm e lh a s de fr e q ü ê iic ia m a is b a ix a Qu a n do a s o n das
in fr a v e r m e lh a s de lta fr e q ū ê n c ia d o S o l a tr a v
a e ssam o v id r o e la s s ã o a b s o r v id a s
,
p e la s p a r e d e s e o b je to s d e n tr o d o r e c in to te A s
o s , q u a is ir ã o q u e c e r le v e m e n
se a
p a r e d e s e o s o b je to s a qu ec id o s em ite m o n d a s in fr a v e rm h a s d e b a b ĉ a fr e q ū tn c ia ,
e】
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,
d o p o de m
m o o s m a n te r
o
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o n o m e de e fe ito e s tu fa
A tu a lm fa q u e o c o n e n a a tm o s fe r a d a T e rr a é m o tiv o d e
en te ,
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c o n tih u o a u m e n to d e d ió i
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p re o c u p a ç ão x d o d e c a r b o n o (C 0 ) n o a r a tm o s f r
2
te m a c e n tu a d o e s s e e fe ito E m c o n s e ū ê n c i te m
q a a te m p e r a tu r a m é d ia d a T e f ıa ,
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8 .
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v a i de 4 2 10 "
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d e sc a rg a s e lé tr ic a s o u o u tr o
p ro c e s s o q u a l u fic a n d o e x c ita d
en tã o d e v o lv id a q e r, "
o s JE s sa e n e
'
n a fo rm a d e lu z v o lt rg ia é
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inaven?ıelho e u ltr a v io le ta c o e ta (d a í v ê m o s n o
) o n s id e r a n d o a s c o r e s d m es
p o r o r d e m c r e s c e ııte d e fr e ū ê o a r c o ir is e o rd e n a n d
o as
q n c ia s te , m o s
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,
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A se n sa ção d e b r a n co é c au sa d a p e la m is tu r a d e to d a s a s c o re s
9 .
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A ra d ia ç ã o u ltr a v io le ta é r o d u z id a o r á to
p p m o s e m o lé c u la s em de sc arg a s
e lé tr ic a s
O So l é g r a n d e e m is s o r d e r a d ia ç ã o u ltr a v io le ta a q u a l é a r in c i a l
u m
p p ,
r e sp o n s áv e l p e lo b r o n z e a m e n to d a e le E n tr e ta n to e m
p q u a n tid a d e s e x a g e r a d a s ,
,
r a io s u ltr a v io le ta
o s s ão p r e ju d ic ia is p o d e n d o c h e a r a a c a r r e ta , g gr a v e s
r
q u e im a d u r a s e c ân c er c u tâ n e o N o rm a lm e n te ,
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d a in c id ê n c ia e x c e s s iv a p de sse s r a io s e la cam a d a de o z ô n io (0 3 ) d a a tm o s fe r a
A c o n te c e qu e a u tiliz a
ç ã o p e lo h o m e m d e c e r to s p r o d u to s c o m o o s g a se s
em g do s
p re a em sp a y (
r C F C ) te m d e s tr u ĺ d o b o a p a r te d e s s e o z ô n io
, ,
a c a r r e ta n do
v e r d a d e ir o s b u r a c o s n a c a 】n a d a p r o te to r a
A ra d ia ç ã o u ltr a v io le ta é r e s p o n s áv e l ta m b é m p e la io n iz a ç ã o d a ca】
n a da
su peń o r da a tm o s fe r a (io n o s fe r a )
10 .
O S X
RA ı
X é ila ç ã o d o s e lé tr o n s m a is internos d o s
U m a d a s fo n te s de r a io s a o sc
X é a tr a v é s d o fr e a m to d e e 1é tro n s
d o d e p r o d u z ir o s r a io s
en
á to m o s O u tr o m o
i i lm te a c e le r a do s p o r u m a d ife r e n ç a d e
E s s e s e lé tr o n s s ã o in c a
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11 .
o s
O S G AM A
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P r e ju d ic ia is ao s o r g a n is m o s p e r ig o d a r a d ia tiv id a d e e s tfi
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e x a ta m e n te r e la c io
S ã o c o n h e c id a s a s t d a s p e la e x p lo s ã o d e
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b o m b a s n u c le a r e s c o id e n te s e m u s in a s
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ÞÞÞÞÞÞE X E R C i io s . D E A PU CA ÇÃO
1 (F u n d C a r lo s C hagas Sp) E m u m a re g ião do e sp a ço e x is te m c am po s e lé tr ic o s e m a gn étic o s
v a r ia n d o co m o te m p o N e s ta s c o n d iç õ e s , p o d e se d iz e r q u e n e ssa r e g iã o
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b ) qu an do o c aı
n po e lé tr ic o v a r ia , c arga s in d u z id a s d e m e sm o v a lo r a b s o lu to m as dc s in a is
,
c o n m ir io s , s ão c ńadas
c ) à v a r ia ç îio d o c am po e lé tr ic o c o rr e s p o n de o a p a r e c im e n to de u m c a m p o m a g n é tic o
d) i
a r a ç ão d o étic o só s s fv e l p e la p r e s e n ç a d e ń n iis m ó v e is
a v cam po m a gn po de se r po
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in d e p e n d e n te m e n te d a a ç ã o d o c a in o e ı étr ic o
p
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m a g n é tic o (B ) e m r e la ç ão à d ir e ç äo d e p r o p a g a g ão (x ) d e u tJa a o n da e le tro m a g n é tic a é
3 S e jn m Ë e po s e
o s can ı lé tr ic o e m a g n é tic o d e u m a o n da e le tr o m a
v e lo c id a d e A fıg u r a s g n é tic a q u e s e p r o p a g a c o m
s a s e g u ir p r o c tir a 】ıır e p r e s e n ta r e s s e s v e to r e s e m d e te rm in a d o in s ta n te E m
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4 (A C A F E S C ) U m a o n da e le tr o m a g n é tic a é c o n s titu M a p e lo s v e to r e s c a m p o e lé tr ic o e c a m p o
m a g n é tic o , p ro p a g a n do se a tr a v és d o e sp a ço O ân g u lo fo rm a d o p o r e s te s v e to r e s é o s e g u in te
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c ) 3 10 5 m /s
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6 (F C M S C S P ) S e ja m v l, v 2 e v3 a s v e lo c ,
n o v o ,
ra ,
in fr a v e rm e lh o e lu m in o sa T em o s en tão
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C) V 3 < V 2 V 1
7 A p e r m iń v id a d e e a p e r m e a b ilid a d e d o v ác u o s ão ,
re sp e c tiv am en te ,
eo e Jıo R e p r e s e n ta n d o p o r c a
1
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m
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lig a d a s p e la r e la
_
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o n de
2
12 ,6 10 7
m kg C
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m
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b ) Id e n ń liq u e a c o n s ta n te z
de da , n o v āc u o é ig . d .
i. ħe q ü ê. c i° d o s r a io s X j
c. " " p li° , m ° on ,
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0, 1Á
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e ra e m du as m o d a lid a d e s : u m a , ,
co
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1o (F u v E s T s p ) u m
de da qu e po de m se r
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m e n o r e 0 m a io r
co m en
8
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is s ã o d e r á d io fr e q ū ê n c ia d u la d a B r a s il i de a p r o x im a d a
11 (H A S p ) A fa ix a de em em m o ,
n o v a
88 M H 10 8 M H A ão e n tr e o m a io r e o m en o r co m p r im en to d e o n d a d e s ta fa ix a é
m e n te ,
z a z ra z
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c) 0 63 v e lo c id a d e d e p r o p a g a ç ã o ? o n da
12 (U F C E ) U m a r á d io FM tr a n s m ite em u m a fr e q ū ê n c ia d e 10 0 M H z A d is tân c ia e m te r m o s d o ,
co m p r im e n to de o nda p e rc o ,
rr id a p e la s o n d a s 0 , 8 m ilio n é s im o s d e s e g u n d o a p ó s s e r e m lig a d o s o s
tr a n s m is s o r e s , se rá d e
a )0 8 入 d) 800
b) 8 入 e ) 8 000 入
c ) 80 入
e n ıo rd e m c r e s c e n te d e s u a s fr e q ū ê n c ia s ?
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,
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,
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b) ra d ia ç ã o u ltr a v io le ta ,
ra d ia ç ã o in fr a v e r m e u ıĄ lw te le v is ã o
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, , ,
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, , ,
ÞÞÞÞÞÞÞÞ = R C ic ı
o D E A P R O FU N D A M E N T O
tr a je td ń a s
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D e sse m o do em I e m há u m
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