14 Bus System
DIgSILENT PowerFactory ∗
Abstract
This paper describes the 14 Bus Sys-
tem in PowerFactory . The parameters
of the individual elements like generators,
loads, shunts, transformers and lines are ex-
plained. Results for the load flow calculation
are presented.
1 General Description
The 14 Bus System consists of 14 buses
(nodes), 5 generators, 11 loads, 16 lines, 5
transformers and one shunt. 3 of these 5
transformers are used to represent one sin-
gle 3-winding transformer. Figure 1 shows
the single line diagram. It is a simplified
model of the transmission system in the Mid-
west United States.
2 Model Parameters
Data have been taken from [1] and have
been completed by assuming the following
typical values as nominal voltages:
• Bus 1 - Bus 5: 132 kV
• Bus 6, Bus 9 - Bus 14: 33 kV
• Bus 7: 1 kV
• Bus 8: 11 kV
∗ DIgSILENT GmbH, Heinrich-Hertz-Str. 9, 72810
Gomaringen, Germany, www.digsilent.de
DIgSILENT PowerFactory, r1339
The nominal frequency of the 14 Bus System
is 60 Hz. In [1] the network parameters are
given in per unit values based on 100 MVA.
Loads and generation are given in MW and
Mvar.
The following subsections describe the net-
work data used for symmetrical load flow cal-
culation.
2.1 Loads
The loads are not voltage-dependent, but
have constant active and reactive power de-
mand. Please note that this is achieved by
disabling the load option “Consider Voltage
Dependency of Loads” in the PowerFactory
load flow calculation command. Load data
(active power P and reactive power Q) have
been taken from [1] and are listed in Table 1.
2.2 Generators
Generator “Gen 0001” is the slack genera-
tor, therefore voltage magnitude and voltage
angle are given (1.060 p.u., 0.0 degrees).
The other generators are configured to con-
trol the active power injection and voltage
magnitudes at the connected buses. There-
fore the active power dispatch and controlled
voltage magnitudes at their terminals are
given. The data have been taken from [1]
and are listed in Table 2 and 3. The ma-
chines at the buses 3, 6 and 8 are syn-
chronous condensers.
1
14 Bus System

DIgSILENT
Load_0013

Load_0014
Bus_0013
Load_0012

Li
TypLne_001
3 3 ne 00 3_00
01 01 13 14
to 00
_0 0
12 to 14
00 12 Bus_0014
e_ 00 Load_0011
Bus_0012 Lin Lne
p
Ty

TypLne 0006 to 0013

Load_0010 Lin

Line_0006_0013
TypL e_00
ne 00 09_0
09 to 014
0014

Bus_0011
TypLine_
Ln 00
e 0 06_ Shnt_0009
00 00
6 to 12
00 Bus_0010

Load_0009
12 11 Line_001
Gen_0001 6_00 0011 TypLne 0_00
TypSym_0001 _000 06 to 0010 to 11
Linene 00 0011 Line_000
~ TypL TypLne 9_00
0009 to 10
SG 0010

Bus_0008
Load_0006
Bus_0009

TypTr2 0007 to 0009

Trf_0007_0008
TypTr2 0007 to 0008

Trf_0007_0009
Bus_0001 Bus_0006

TypSym_0006

TypSym_0008
Gen_0006

Gen_0008
SG
SG
~

~
TypTr2 0005 to 0006

TypTr2 0004 to 0009

Trf_0005_0006

Trf_0004_0009
Bus_0007

Load_0005

TypTr2 0004 to 0007

Trf_0004_0007
Line_0
TypLne 001
0001 _0005
to 000
5 Bus_0005
Ty Lin Ty Lin
pL e_ pL e_
ne 00 ne 00
00 01_ 00 01_
01 00 01 00
to 02 to 02
00 /1 00 /2 Bus_0004
02 02
5
Line_0004_000
to 0005
TypLne 0004

Load_0004
_0005 004
Line_0002 to 0005 Line_0002_0
to 0004
TypLne
0002 TypLne 0002

TypLne 0003 to 0004

Line_0003_0004
Bus_0002
Load_0002

SG
~
Line
Gen_0002 TypLne_0002_0003
TypSym_0002 0002 to
0003

Bus_0003

Load_0003
SG
~
Gen_0003
TypSym_0003
Inactive
Out of Calculation
De-energized

Voltage Levels
132, kV 14 Bus System Project:
33, kV DIgSILENT
01 - Load Flow Case Original Grid Graphic: 14 Bus System
11, kV GmbH
1, kV Date: 5/23/2014
PowerFactory 15.1.4 Annex:

Figure 1: Single line diagram of the 14 Bus System

2.2.1 Transmission Lines

Un2 [kV2 ]
R [Ω] = r [p.u.] · (1)
Line data are given in per unit (p.u.) based Sb [MVA]
on the base power Sb = 100 MVA as repre- U 2 [kV2 ]
sented in Table 5, without information about X [Ω] = x [p.u.] · n (2)
Sb [MVA]
the line length [1]. The susceptance b in p.u.
Qc [Mvar] = 2 · qc/2 [p.u.] · Sb [MVA](3)
is twice the given line charging qc/2 in p.u.,
Qc [Mvar]
which is given as one-half of the total charg- B [µS] = · 10−6 (4)
ing of lines [1] (Eq. (3)). 2
Un [kV ] 2
S [MVA]
For the PowerFactory model input data are = b [p.u.] · b · 10−6
required in Ω/km and µS/km (or µF/km) re- Un2 [kV2 ]
spectively. Line data have been recalculated
for the network model with a nominal voltage
Un given in Table 4 using Equations (1) – (4). 2.2.2 Transformers
As there is no line length given in [1], the
length of each line in the PowerFactory Transformer data are given in per unit (p.u.)
model has been set to 1 km. Line data of as represented in Table 6 based on the base
the PowerFactory model are represented in power Sb = 100 MVA [1]. The rated power
Table 4. The rated current of each line is not of each transformer is assumed as Sr =
known and therefore assumed to be 1 kA. 100 MVA.

The line between bus 1 and bus 2 is a double Transformer parameters of the PowerFactory
circuit, and has therefore been modelled as model are given in Table 6. In addition tap
two parallel lines with adapted parameters in changers are modelled in order to achieve
the PowerFactory model. the transformer taps as given in Table 6.

DIgSILENT PowerFactory, r1339 2

14 Bus System

The three 2-winding transformers connected at bus 9, which has a susceptance b of

to Bus 0007 represent a 3-winding trans- 0.19 p.u. based on the base power Sb =
former [1]. The 3-winding transformer model 100 MVA. PowerFactory uses either the sus-
of PowerFactory can be used instead of ceptance B in µS (Eq. 8) or the rated reactive
three 2-winding transformers. This is done power Q in Mvar (Eq. 9) of the shunt.
in the Study Case “02 - Load Flow Case 3-
Winding Trf”, which activates the Variation
“3-Winding Transformer”. The input param- S [MVA]
eters for the impedances (short-circuit volt- B [µS] = b [p.u.] · b · 10−6 (8)
ages uk ) of the 3-winding transformer model Un2 [kV2 ]
have been calculated with Equations (5), (6) Q [Mvar] = b [p.u.] · Sb [MVA] (9)
and (6). Figure 2 shows the corresponding
simplified electrical circuit of the 3-winding
transformer.
3 Load Flow Results

uk,HV−MV = The steady-state load flow is examined by

(5)
uk,HV · Sr,HV + uk,MV · Sr,MV
min(Sr,HV , Sr,MV )
uk,MV−LV =
(6)
uk,MV · Sr,MV + uk,LV · Sr,LV
min(Sr,MV , Sr,LV )
executing the load flow calculation ( ). The
study cases contain pre-defined bar dia-
grams which display the results for bus-
bar voltage magnitudes (see Figure 3) and
power injection of generators active and re-
active power (see Figure 4).
The results of the PowerFactory load flow
calculation are also given in Appendix B.

References
uk,LV−HV =
(7)
[1] L. L. Freris, A. M. Sasson: “Investiga-
uk,LV · Sr,LV + uk,HV · Sr,HV
tion of the load-flow problem”, PROC.
min(Sr,LV , Sr,HV ) IEE, Vol. 115, No. 10, October 1968, pp.
1459-1470
HV

uk,HV

uk,LV uk,MV

LV MV

Figure 2: Simplified electrical circuit of a 3-

winding transfomer (positive sequence)

2.3 Shunt

Shunt data are given in per unit (p.u.). The

14 Bus System possesses one capacitor

DIgSILENT PowerFactory, r1339 3

14 Bus System

DIgSILENT
1,12

1,09

1,06

1,03

1,00

0,97
01

02

03

04

05

06

07

08

09

10

11

12

13

14
00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00
s_

s_

s_

s_

s_

s_

s_

s_

s_

s_

s_

s_

s_

s_
Bu

Bu

Bu

Bu

Bu

Bu

Bu

Bu

Bu

Bu

Bu

Bu

Bu

Bu
Voltage, Magnitude in p.u.

Figure 3: Voltage magnitudes (load flow case with original grid)

DIgSILENT
250,00

200,00

150,00

100,00

50,00

0,00
1

8
00

00

00

00

00
_0

_0

_0

_0

_0
n

n
Ge

Ge

Ge

Ge

Ge

Active Power in MW

80,00

60,00

40,00

20,00

0,0000

-20,00
1

8
00

00

00

00

00
_0

_0

_0

_0

_0
n

n
Ge

Ge

Ge

Ge

Ge

Reactive Power in Mvar

Figure 4: Active and reactive power of generators

DIgSILENT PowerFactory, r1339 4

14 Bus System

A Tables with Input Data

DIgSILENT PowerFactory, r1339 5

14 Bus System

Table 1: Load demand

Load Bus P in MW Q in Mvar

Load 0002 Bus 0002 21.7 12.7
Load 0003 Bus 0003 94.2 19.0
Load 0004 Bus 0004 47.8 -3.9
Load 0005 Bus 0005 7.6 1.6
Load 0006 Bus 0006 11.2 7.5
Load 0009 Bus 0009 29.5 16.6
Load 0010 Bus 0010 9.0 5.8
Load 0011 Bus 0011 3.5 1.8
Load 0012 Bus 0012 6.1 1.6
Load 0013 Bus 0013 13.5 5.8
Load 0014 Bus 0014 14.9 5.0

Table 2: Generator dispatch

Generator Bus P in MW Q in Mvar

Gen 0001 Bus 0001 N.A. N.A.
Gen 0002 Bus 0002 40.0 N.A.
Gen 0003 Bus 0003 0.0 N.A.
Gen 0006 Bus 0006 0.0 N.A.
Gen 0008 Bus 0008 0.0 N.A.

Table 3: Generator controller settings

Minimum Maximum
Generator Bus Type Voltage in p.u.
capability in MVA capability in MVA
Gen 0001 Slack 1.060 N.A. N.A.
Gen 0002 PV 1.045 -40.0 50.0
Gen 0003 PV 1.010 0.0 40.0
Gen 0006 PV 1.070 -6.0 24.0
Gen 0008 PV 1.090 -6.0 24.0

Table 4: Data of lines given in [1] based on 100 MVA

From Bus To Bus r in p.u. x in p.u. qc/2 in p.u. b in p.u.

1 2 0.01938 0.05917 0.0264 0.0528
1 5 0.05403 0.22304 0.0246 0.0492
2 3 0.04699 0.19797 0.0219 0.0438
2 4 0.05811 0.17632 0.0187 0.0374
2 5 0.05695 0.17388 0.0170 0.0340
3 4 0.06701 0.17103 0.0173 0.0346
4 5 0.01335 0.04211 0.0064 0.0128
6 11 0.09498 0.19890 0.0000 0.0000
6 12 0.12291 0.25581 0.0000 0.0000
6 13 0.06615 0.13027 0.0000 0.0000
9 10 0.03181 0.08450 0.0000 0.0000
9 14 0.12711 0.27038 0.0000 0.0000
10 11 0.08205 0.19207 0.0000 0.0000
12 13 0.22092 0.19988 0.0000 0.0000
13 14 0.17093 0.34802 0.0000 0.0000

DIgSILENT PowerFactory, r1339 6

14 Bus System

Table 5: Data of lines in the PowerFactory model

Line From Bus To Bus Un in kV R in Ω X in Ω B in µS

Line 0001 0002/1 1 2 132.0 6.753542 20.619560 151.5152
Line 0001 0002/2 1 2 132.0 6.753542 20.619560 151.5152
Line 0001 0005 1 5 132.0 9.414187 38.862490 282.3691
Line 0002 0003 2 3 132.0 8.187537 34.494280 251.3774
Line 0002 0004 2 4 132.0 10.125090 30.722000 214.6465
Line 0002 0005 2 5 132.0 9.922968 30.296850 195.1331
Line 0003 0004 3 4 132.0 11.675820 29.800270 198.5767
Line 0004 0005 4 5 132.0 2.326104 7.337246 73.4619
Line 0006 0011 6 11 33.0 1.034332 2.166021 0.0000
Line 0006 0012 6 12 33.0 1.338490 2.785771 0.0000
Line 0006 0013 6 13 33.0 0.720374 1.418640 0.0000
Line 0009 0010 9 10 33.0 0.346411 0.920205 0.0000
Line 0009 0014 9 14 33.0 1.384228 2.944439 0.0000
Line 0010 0011 10 11 33.0 0.893524 2.091643 0.0000
Line 0012 0013 12 13 33.0 2.405819 2.176693 0.0000
Line 0013 0014 13 14 33.0 1.861428 3.789938 0.0000

Table 6: Data of transformers given in [1] based on 100 MVA, with rated voltages added in the
PowerFactory model

Trans- From To Ur HV Ur LV r x Transformer final

former Bus Bus in kV in kV in p.u. in p.u. turns ratio
Trf 0004 0007 4 7 132.0 1.0 0.0 0.20912 0.978
Trf 0004 0009 4 9 132.0 33.0 0.0 0.55618 0.969
Trf 0005 0006 5 6 132.0 33.0 0.0 0.25202 0.932
Trf 0007 0008 7 8 11.0 1.0 0.0 0.17615 0.000
Trf 0007 0009 7 9 33.0 1.0 0.0 0.11001 0.000

DIgSILENT PowerFactory, r1339 7

14 Bus System

B Tables with Results of

the Symmetric Load
Flow Calculation

DIgSILENT PowerFactory, r1339 8

14 Bus System

Table 7: Results of buses

Ul, Magnitude u, Magnitude U, Angle

Name
in kV in p.u. in deg
Bus 0001 139.92 1.060 0.00
Bus 0002 137.94 1.045 -4.98
Bus 0003 133.32 1.010 -12.72
Bus 0004 134.46 1.019 -10.32
Bus 0005 134.67 1.020 -8.78
Bus 0006 35.31 1.070 -14.22
Bus 0007 1.06 1.062 -13.37
Bus 0008 11.99 1.090 -13.37
Bus 0009 34.86 1.056 -14.95
Bus 0010 34.69 1.051 -15.10
Bus 0011 34.88 1.057 -14.80
Bus 0012 34.82 1.055 -15.08
Bus 0013 34.66 1.050 -15.16
Bus 0014 34.18 1.036 -16.04

Table 8: Results of generators

Active Power Reactive Power

Name
in MW in Mvar
Gen 0001 232.39 -16.89
Gen 0002 40.00 42.40
Gen 0003 0.00 23.39
Gen 0006 0.00 12.24
Gen 0008 0.00 17.36

Table 9: Results of lines

Losses Reactive Losses Capacitive Loading Current

Name
in MW in Mvar in Mvar in kA
Line 0001 0002/1 2.1474 3.6318 2.9246 0.3263
Line 0001 0002/2 2.1474 3.6318 2.9246 0.3263
Line 0001 0005 2.7638 6.0843 5.3248 0.3121
Line 0002 0003 2.3202 5.1494 4.6256 0.3067
Line 0002 0004 1.6770 1.1062 3.9824 0.2352
Line 0002 0005 0.9023 -0.8712 3.6260 0.1738
Line 0003 0004 0.3714 -2.6120 3.5598 0.1018
Line 0004 0005 0.5165 0.2990 1.3303 0.2727
Line 0006 0011 0.0547 0.1146 0.0000 0.1328
Line 0006 0012 0.0717 0.1492 0.0000 0.1336
Line 0006 0013 0.2115 0.4166 0.0000 0.3129
Line 0009 0010 0.0131 0.0348 0.0000 0.1123
Line 0009 0014 0.1168 0.2484 0.0000 0.1677
Line 0010 0011 0.0123 0.0288 0.0000 0.0678
Line 0012 0013 0.0062 0.0057 0.0000 0.0294
Line 0013 0014 0.0536 0.1091 0.0000 0.0980

DIgSILENT PowerFactory, r1339 9