EKOLOGI INDUSTRI

TI141210

Humanity and Technology

Jurusan Teknik Industri

Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember – Surabaya, Indonesia
 An old idea: Technology is inherently good

www.nystar.state.ny.us/star.htm

www.nasa.gov/audience/foreducators/topnav/materials/listbytype/
Launch_Vehicle_Family_Album.html
Another old idea: Technology is inherently bad

Source: http://www.epa.gov/history/images/p03b.gif

Source: http://www.epa.gov/history/photos/p07.htm
A new worry: Does technology
make the planet unsustainable?

Sources: NASA: Claire Parkinson and Robert Taylor

A new idea: Technology can
improve the environment

Source: http://www.nrel.gov/learning/re_wind.html
Characteristics of Technology
 Technology is
• uncertain (the best solution is never
obvious, and experimentation is vital)
A Failed Invention: A Monorail Using Sails (1828)

Source: C.F.D. Marshall, A History of British Railways Down to the Year 1830,
Oxford University Press, 1938.
 Technology is
• uncertain (the best solution is never
obvious, and experimentation is vital)
• progressive (change occurs by evolution
and transformation)
A computer designed
so that any part could
be easily replaced, to
keep it functioning for
a very long time.

Courtesy:
Siemens-Nixdorf
Courtesy of AT&T
 We See That Technology is
• uncertain (the best solution is never
obvious, and experimentation is vital)
• progressive (change occurs by evolution
and transformation
• analytical (measures actions and new
ideas)
Precision in Measurement:
The MIcrometer
 We See That Technology is
• uncertain (the best solution is never
obvious, and experimentation is vital)
• progressive (change occurs by evolution
and transformation
• analytical (measures actions and new
ideas)
• cumulative (builds on previous knowledge
and existing capabilities)
 Relative Size of Selected Commercial
Passenger Aircraft

Source: P.J. Hugill, World Trade Since 1431: Geography, Technology, and Capitalism,
Johns Hopkins University Press, 1993.
 We See That Technology is
• uncertain (the best solution is never obvious,
and experimentation is vital)
• progressive (change occurs by evolution and
transformation
• analytical (measures actions and new ideas)
• cumulative (builds on previous knowledge and
existing capabilities)
• systemic (interdependence of technologies is
required for progress)
Interdependent Technology: The
Sikorsky S-92 Helicopter

Source: www.sikorsky.com
 We See That Technology is
• uncertain (the best solution is never obvious,
and experimentation is vital)
• progressive (change occurs by evolution and
transformation
• analytical (measures actions and new ideas)
• cumulative (builds on previous knowledge and
existing capabilities)
• systemic (interdependence of technologies is
required for progress)
• embedded (technology sits within natural
systems)
 Perceived Relationships of the
Industrial System with Nature

Industrial Natural
System System NEW

OLD Natural Industrial

System System
 We See That Technology is
• uncertain (the best solution is never obvious, and
experimentation is vital)
• progressive (change occurs by evolution and
transformation
• analytical (measures actions and new ideas)
• cumulative (builds on previous knowledge and existing
capabilities)
• systemic (interdependence of technologies is required
for progress)
• embedded (technology sits within natural systems)
• accelerating (the waves of technological transitions are
ever shorter)
 Technology System Waves

60 years 55 years 50 years 40 years 30 years

1785 1845 1900 1950 1990 1999 2020
Rate of Innovation

First Wave Second Third Fourth Fifth

Wave Wave Wave Wave

Water Power Steam Electricity Petrochemicals Digital networks Biotechnology

Textiles Rail Chemicals Electronics Software Infosphere
Iron Steel Internal- Aviation New media Engineered Earth
combustion engine Systems
Based on Joseph Schumpeter and Nikolai Kondratieff
THE TRANSFORMATIONAL
CHALLENGE

Any effort to reinvent technology

must be able to deal with
uncertainty, progression, analysis,
cumulation, systematism, relation
to nature, and acceleration, or it is
doomed to fail
Perkembangan Teknologi
Perkembangan Teknologi (2)
Perkembangan
Teknologi (3)
 Dampak positif perkembangan
teknologi

Teknologi dikembangkan untuk

memudahkan pekerjaan manusia

Sarana komunikasi jarak jauh  Aliran

informasi dengan akses yang cepat

Teknologi memperpendek jarak

Teknologi meningkatkan kualitas kehidupan

manusia

Teknologi dapat mencari sumber daya

alternatif
 Dampak negatif perkembangan
teknologi

Pekerja vs Robot?

Sosialisasi
dan
kepedulian?
 Kerusakan
Alam?

Pemanasan Global

(Sumber www.google.com)

Dampak pemanasan global :

 Instabilitas iklim
 Gangguan Ekologis
 Oleh karena …
• Perkembangan teknologi ternyata juga
memiliki dampak terhadap lingkungan
• Dan semakin disadari pula oleh manusia
bahwa daya dukung lingkungan terhadap
kehidupan manusia kian berkurang
sebagai akibat dari kegiatan manusia,
• Maka mulailah manusia memperhatikan
lingkungan  perhatian secara global
diwujudkan dalam konferensi dan
 Perhatian Global terhadap
Lingkungan
 The United Nations Conference on the Human Environment
(Stockholm-Swedia, 1972)  keprihatinan masyarakat international mengenai
ampak pertumbuhan ekonomi terhadap pembangunan sosial dan lingkungan
hidup.

 Pembentukan lembaga lingkungan hidup international (United Nations

Environment Program/UNEP).

 KTT Bumi (Rio de Janeiro – Brazil, 1992)  pembahasan kesepakatan

hambatan non-tariff dalam perdagangan sebagai kontrol terhadap produk
ekspor yang berdampak rusaknya lingkungan.

 PBB membentukWorld Commission on Environment and

Development (WCED) / Brundtland Commission  pengembangan
konsep pembangunan berkelanjutan sebagai upaya konservasi SDA dan
lingkungan hidup.
(Kristianto, 2012)
The “Master Equation”
 The “Master Equation”

Overall Environmental Impact =

Population x resource use x environmental impact

person unit of resource use
China per capita iron demand
Iron demand (kg/(cap.yr)

200

150

100

50

0
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Data source: Yale University Stocks and Flows Project, 2007

 The Master Equation

Overall Environmental Impact =

Population x resource use x environmental impact

person unit of resource use

2050/2008 factor: 1.5 3-5 ??