CONFIDENTIAL

UNIVERSITI KUALA LUMPUR

Malaysian Institute Of Chemical & Bioengineering Technology

FINAL EXAMINATION
JANUARY 2015 SESSION

• SUBJECT CODE : CLB20903

SUBJECT TITLE : ENGINEERING STATISTICS

LEVEL : BACHELOR

TIME / DURATION : 3 HOURS

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES

1. Please read CAREFULLY the instructions given in the question paper.

2. This question paper has information printed on both sides of the paper.

3. This question paper consists of two sections; Section A and Section B.

4. Answer ALL questions in Section A. For Section B, answer only ONE (1) question.

5. Please write your answers on the answer booklet provided.

6. Statistical table is appended.

THERE ARE 14 PAGES OF QUESTIONS, EXCLUDING THIS PAGE.

JANUARY 2015 CONFIDENTIAL

SECTION A (Total: 75 marks)

INSTRUCTION: Answer ALL questions.

Please use the answer booklet provided.

Question 1

(a) A microbiologist wishes to determine whether there is any difference in the time it takes
to make yoghurt from two different starter; lactobacillus acidophilus (A) and bulgarius (B).
Seven batches of yoghurt were made with each of starters. Table 1 below shows the time
taken, in hours, to make each batch.

Table 1: The time takes to make yoghurt

Starter A 6.8 6.3 7.4 6.1 8.2 7.3 6.9
Starter B 6.1 6.4 5.7 5.5 6.9 6.3 6.7

Assuming that both sets of times may be considered to be random samples from normal
populations with same variance.
i. Test the hypothesis that the mean time taken to make yoghurt is the same for
both starters.

(11 marks)
ii. Calculate a 99% confidence interval for the difference mean of the time taken for
two starters.

(4 marks)

(b) A name brand household washing machine is sold in five different colors, and a market
researcher wishes to study the popularity of the various colors. The frequencies given in
the Table 2 are observed from a random sample of 300 recent sales. Test the hypothesis
that all five colors are equally popular at 5% significance level.

Table 2: Frequencies of sales.

Colors avocado tan red blue white
frequencies 88 65 52 40 55

(10 marks)

CLB 20903 ENGINEERING STATISTICS 1

 Question 2

(a)
Table 3 shows an experiment conducted by Sheldon (1960,
Industrial and Engineering
Chemistry)
which was performed at a pulp mill. The performance of a paper
manufacturing can be assessed based on the pulp brightness as measured by a
reflectance meter. Each of 4 operators (A, B, C and D) made 5 batches of pulp and the
reflectance of paper from each batch was measured. The goal of the experiment was to
see if there was any difference between the papers resulting from pulp made by each
operator.

Table 3: The pulp brightness

Operators
A B C D
59.8 59.8 60.7 61.0
60.0 60.2 60.7 60.8
Brightness 60.8 60.4 60.5 60.6
60.8 59.9 60.9 60.5
59.8 60.0 60.3 60.5
Total 301.2 300.3 303.1 303.4

EE4 =72966.240

Using a 5% significance level, test the hypothesis is the mean reflectance the same for
paper coming from each different operator?

(11 marks)

(b)
It is believed that the annual repair cost, y for a car is related to its age, x.
A sample of
10 cars revealed the results in the table 4.

Table 4: The repair cost

Age (year) 2 3 1 7 6 8 4 1 2 5
Repair cost (RM) 72 99 65 138 170 140 114 83 101 110
Given: xy = 4903

CLB 20903 ENGINEERING STATISTICS

2
 i. Determine the simple regression model.

(9 marks)
ii. Determine the correlation coefficient, r .

(4 marks)
iii. Interpret the value of r in part (b).

(1 mark)

Question 3

(a) The effective life (in hours) of batteries is compared by material type (1, 2 or 3) and
operating temperature: Low (5°C), Medium (20°C) or High (45°C). Twelve batteries are
randomly selected from each material type and are then randomly allocated to each
temperature level. Figure 1 shows the MINITAB output obtained from data that have been
collected:

Two-way ANOVA: life versus temperature, material

Source DF SS MS F P
temperature 2 9578.0 B IIII 0.127
material A 2228.7 1114.33 0.84 0.496
Error I C
Total 8 17116.0

S = 36.43 R-Sq = 68.98% .12-Sq(adj) = 37.96%

Figure 1

i. List the factors in this experiment.

(2 marks)
ii. Determine the values of A, B and C.

(6 marks)
iii. Determine whether there is any difference in mean life of the batteries for different
temperature at 5% significance level.

(5 marks)

CLB 20903 ENGINEERING STATISTICS

3
(b) An engineer is interested in the effect of cutting speed, metal hardness and cutting angle
on the life (in hours) of a cutting tool. Two levels of each factor are chosen, and two
replicates of a 2 3 factorial design are run. The Minitab output is shown in Figure 2:

Term Effect Coef SE Coef T P

Constant 412.31 12.38 33.31 0.000
Speed 19.87 9.94 12.38 0.80 0.445
Hardness 85.88 42.94 12.38 3.47 0.008
Angle 70.13 35.06 12.38 2.83 0.022
Speed*Hardness -12.88 -6.44 12.38 -0.52 0.617
Speed*Angle -117.63 -58.81 12.38 -4.75 0.001
Hardness*Angle -22.63 -11.31 12.38 -0.91 0.388
Speed*Hardness*Angle -36.38 -18.19 12.38 -1.47 0.180
S = 49.5170 R-Sq = 85.33% R-Sq(adj) = 72.49%

Source DF Seq SS Adj SS Adj MS F P

Main Effects 3 50748 50748 16916 6.90 0.013
2-Way Interactions 3 58053 58053 19351 7.89 0.009
3-Way Interactions 1 5293 5293 5293 2.16 0.180
Residual Error 8 19615 19615 2452
Pure Error 8 19616 19616 2452
Total 15 133709

Main Effects Plot (data means) for life Interaction Plot (data means) for life
Speed Hardness
460

z
Speed
440

420
speed
400

380
Idddres
1
-1 •

Angle
460 Hareeess

490

420

400

380 eels

Figure 2

i. State the statistical model without the interaction term.

(2 marks)
Determine the coefficient of determination, R 2 and interpret the value.
(3 marks)
iii. Determine which main effects, if any, are significant at 5% significance level.

(2 marks)
iv. Test the interactions effect between cutting speed and angle using 1% significance
level.

(5 marks)

CLB 20903 ENGINEERING STATISTICS

4
 SECTION B (Total: 25 marks)

INSTRUCTION: Answer only ONE question.

Please use the answer booklet provided.

Question 1

(a) An aircraft emergency locator transmitter (ELT) is a device designed to transmit a signal in
the case of a crash. The A manufacturing company makes 70% of the ELTs, the B company
makes 20% of them, and the C company makes the other 10%. The ELTs made by A have
a 3% rate of malfunction, the B ELTs have a 7% rate of malfunction and the C ELTs have
a 8% rate of malfunction.
i.
Draw a tree diagram to represent the above information by using suitable labels for
each events.

(6 marks)
ii.
If an ELT is randomly selected from the general population of all ELTs is then tested,
calculate the probability that it is found to be not functioning.

(4 marks)
iii.
If a randomly selected ELT is then tested and is found to be not functioning, calculate
the probability that it was made by the A manufacturing company.

(3 marks)

(b) A novel book of fiction science has 1000 pages with 120 printing errors. Let
X be the
number of errors in a certain page and assume that the printing errors occur at random.
Determine the percentage that fewer than three printing errors contain in two pages.

(5 marks)

(c) A tablet compression machine produces tablets with the mean diameter of the tablet is 1.00
cm and the standard deviation is 0.1 cm. Given that the specification of tablet diameter
is
1.00 ±
0.02 cm . If a random samples of 50 tablets are drawn, determine the probability that
the sample mean diameter of the tablet will follow the specification limits.

(7 marks)

CLB 20903 ENGINEERING STATISTICS

5
Question 5

(a) The diameters of apples grown in an orchard are normally distributed with mean 3.4 and
standard deviation 0.85 inches.
i. Calculate the proportion of the apples has their diameters greater than 4 inches.

(3 marks)
ii. Calculate the proportion of the apples has their diameters between 3.9 and 4.2
inches.

(3 marks)
iii. Determine the apples diameter that exceeded by 95% of the samples.
(5 marks)
iv. Suppose that we take a random sample of three apples from this orchard. Determine
the percentage that the average diameter of the three apples is greater than 4 inches.
(5 marks)

(b) The probability that a patient fails to recover from a particular operation is 0.1. Suppose that
eight patients having this operation are selected at random.
i. Calculate the probability that at most one patient will not recover.
(3 marks)
ii. Calculate the percentage that at least 2 but no more than 3 patients will not recover.
(4 marks)
iii. Determine the expected number of patients that will not recover.
(2 marks)

END OF EXAMINATION PAPER

CLB 20903 ENGINEERING STATISTICS 6

 JANUARY 2015
CONFIDENTIAL

APPENDIX

(E x i ) 2
Standard deviation (
s = n
n- 1

P (A u B) = P (A) + P(B) - P (A n B)

P (A n B)
P (A B) =
P(B)
= x)= n cxp x q n-x
P(X
Binomial
E(x) , npq
e -2 2 x
Poisson P(X = x)-
x!

k+z„ ar_
Vn

S
)71-ta ;v= n -1
-,v VT)
2

2
(72
.,_. —
(5?1 -)72)±Za
T n1 n2

Confidence interval s2 s2
(x1 -)72) ±Z a
-1.4--
n1 n2

(- - y2)+ t a s; ± Sp . s 2 = (n1 -1)si2 + (n, -1)s 22

1 ; V -- = ni + n, - 2
2 'v
- n 1 n„ ' P n1 + n 2 — 2

MSE
Y+ta
—,n-a ti
2

CLB 20903 ENGINEERING STATISTICS

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JANUARY 2015 CONFIDENTIAL

2MSE 1 1 \
ki —5e2 ±t c,
,

@ xi — )72 ±t a MSL —+ —
Tn-a ri 1• . -n-a n1 n2 )
2

X - At
Z=
0

-117

Xe - ,1.1
t = ;v = n -1
s
VI)

z -
(ii - )72) - (Ili - 1-12)
2 2
gi +0-2
li 1 n2 n

(X1 - X2) - (1/1 - P2)

Z=
S? +
Test statistic q
nl n2
2 2
(X1 — )7 2) — (f/1 — P2) 2 (n1 -1 )si + (n 2 -1 )s2
t= ; Sp = ;I = n + n2 2
11,2 s2 ni + n 2 - 2
-

"P 'P
ni n2

c2 \2
/2
0 , k; ,,
.4- L

( X 1 - )7 2) - (P1 - P2 ) n1
t = ; V = n2 ,
,o 2 ,..2 2\2 ( 2 \2
ii,Ji + ..,2
S1 S2
nl n2 n1 , n2 j
+
al -1 n,-1

t= I-id ; v = n -1; d = xi - x,
sa
J

SSA = L
x _, (lx,)2 (1Ixj2
Analysis of Variance n n
(ANOVA)

SST .EE x;- (EE xj

CLB 20903 ENGINEERING STATISTICS 8

 JANUARY 2015 CONFIDENTIAL

SSE = SST - SSA

Chi square test x2 , 1 (0z. - EY

; v = (a -1)(b -1)
Ei

... Sx
Regression model A = Y ; A =.-
S=
(/ X )2 v )2 ,c, (lXiXEYi)
Sxx E4 -
n
'
•
S yy = - n
'-"xy = E xiYi n

• g test statistic
t = ,6,1
1s
1 S„
/3 2
1 ; se = yy - fl"iSxy
n - 2
;V = n- 2

- 2

p test statistic t = r iln

1 - r2

Sx,
r=
correlation coefficient VS.xxSyy

PERCENTAGE POINTS OF THE NORMAL DISTRIBUTION

This table gives percentage points x(P) defined by the

equation
P
= e-it' dt.
100 1./ 27r x(P)
41) If X is a variable, normally distributed with zero mean and
unit variance, P/too is the probability that X x(P). The
lower P per cent points are given by symmetry as -x(P),
and the probability that IXI x(P) is zip

P x(P) P x(P) P x(P) P x(P) P x(P) P x(P)

50 cp0000 5.o 1-6449 30 i'88o8 2'0 20537 2'3263 010 3.0902
45 01257 4'8 1.6646 29 I'8957 x.9 2'0749 0'9 2'3656 0.09 3.1214
40 0.2533 4. 6 1 - 6849 2'8 1.9110 x.8 2'0969 o-8 2 4089 o.o8 3' 1 559
35 0 3 853 4. 4 X'7060 2'7 X'9268 x.7 0.7 2 '4573 0.07
0.5244 3' 1 947
30 I '7279 2.6 1 '943 1 16 2'1444 o'6 2-512X o-o6 3.2389
25 0 '6745 4' 0 1 '7507 2'5 1.9600 1.5 21701 0'5 V5758 0'05 3.2905
20 0-8416 3'8 1 '7744 2'4 '9774 I*4 21973 0'4 2.6521
IS
1 O'OI 37190
1.0364 3.6 1 '7991 2'3 1 '9954 x.3 2'2262 0'3 V7478 0005 3.8906
xo X*2856 3-4 1 - 82.5o 2'2 2 . 0141 1'2 2'2571 0'2 2.8782 0•00I
5 4' 2649
1 '6449 3'2 1.8522 2'I 2.0335 1'I 2 ' 2904 0'1 3-0902 0'0005 4'4172

CLB 20903 ENGINEERING STATISTICS

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 NORMAL DISTRIBUTION FUCTION

TABLE Al Shindard Normal Distribution FUN

x .00 .01 .02 .03 .04 .05 .06 .07 .08 .09
.0 .5000 .5040 .5080 ,5120 .5160 .5199 .5239 .5279 .5319 .5359
.5398 .5438 .5478 .55 r .5557 .55% .5636 .5675 .57 t4 5753
.5793 .5832 .5871 .5910 .5948 .5987 .6026 .6064 .6103 ,6 141.
.3 .6179 .6217 .02..%3 .6331 .6.368 .6406 .6443 6480 .6517
.4 .6554 .6591 .6628 .6664 ,6700 .6736 .6772 .6808 .6844 .6879
.5 :6915 ,6950 .6985 .7019 1054 .7088 .7123 .7157 .7190 .7 1 14
.6 .7257 .7291 .7324 .7357 S389 .7422 .7454 .7486 .75 t 7 ,7549
.7 .7580 .7611 .7642 .7673 .7704 ,7734 .7764 .7794 .7823 ,7852
.8 .7881 .7910 .7939 .7967 .7995 .8023 .8051 .8073 .8106 .8133
.9 .8159 ,8186 .8212 .8238 .8264 .8289 ,8315 .8340 .8365 .8389
1.0 .8413 ,8438 .8461 .8485 ,8508 .8531 ,8554 .8577 .8590 .8621
t .8643 ,&6'S .86&, .8708 .8729 .8749 .87 70 .8790 .8810 .8830
1.2 .8849 .8869 .8888 .8907 .8925 .8944 .8962 .8980 .8997 .9015
I -3 .9032 .9049 .9066 .9082 .9099 .9115 .9131 .0147 .9162 ,9177
I .4 .9192 .9207 .9 111 .9236 -9251 .9265 .9279 .9292 .9306 .9319
1.5 :9332 .9$5,93s .9370 .9382 .9394 .9406 .9418 .9429 .94.41
1.6 .9452 .9463 .9474 .9484 .9495 .9505 .9515 .9525 . 05 35 .9545
1.7 .9554 ,9564 .9573 .9582 .9591 .9599 .9608 .9616 0425 .9633
I ,8 9641 .9(•;.19 .9656 .9664 .9671 .9678 .9686 .9693 .9699 .9706
1.9 9713 .97 19 .9726 .9732 .9738 .9744 ,975. 0 .9756 .9761 .9767
2.0 .9772 .9778 .9783 .9788 .9793 .9798 .9803 .9812 ,9817
2.1 .9821 .9826 .9830 .9834 .9838 .9842 .9846 ,0550 :9854 .9857
2. 2 .9861 .9864. .9868 .9871 .9875 .9878 .9881 .9884 .9887 .9890
2,3 :9893 .9896 .9898 .9901 .9904 .9906 .9909 .9911 .9913 .9916
2,4 .9918 ,9920 .9922 .9925 .9917 .9919 .9931 .9932 .9934 .9936
2.5 .9938 .9940 .994 .9943 .99,45 .9946 .99,48 .99.49 .99'S 2
2,6 .9953 .9055 .99s6,95 .9959 .9960 .9%1 .996' .9963 .9964
2,7 .9965 .9966 .9967 ,9968,96J .9970 .9971 .997? .)973 .9974
2.8 .9974 .9975 .9976 .9977 .9977 .9978 .9979 .9979 .9980 .9981
2.9 .9981 .9982 .9982 .9983 .9984 :9984 .9085 _9985 .9986 0986
3.0 .9987 .9987 .9987 .9988 .9988 .9989 .9989 .9989 .9990 .9999
3.1 9990 .9991 .9991 .9991 .9992 .999 1 .999 .9992 :9993 9993
32 9993 .9993 .9994 .9994 .9994 .9994 .9994 .9995 , 9995 .9995
3.3 9995 .9995 .9995 .99% .9996 .9996 .9996 .9)96 ,9997
3.4 .9997 :9997 .9997 .9997 .9997 .9997 ,9997 .097 .9997 .0998

CLB 20903 ENGINEERING STATISTICS

10
 PERCENTAGE POINTS OF THE t-DISTRIBUTJON
This table gives percentage points t(P)
defined by the
equation

I'Qt, + dt
tap Om I (v) j ,(p) ( x ÷ ttiOPP , t)
Pi
Let X1
and X, be independent random variables having a
normal distribution with zero mean and unit variance and a
,v2 -distributio.n with e
degrees of freedom. respectively; then
t Xi /NIA-2 4 has Student's (-distribution with v degrees of ç(P)
freedom, and the probability that s t;.(12 ) is P/too. The
lower percentage points are given by symmetry as -1,,(P), The limiting distribution of tas v tends to infinity is the
and the probability that ill t(P) Is 2P/roo. normal distribution with zero mean and unit variance. When
v is large interpolation in v should be harmonic.
40 30 25 20 zs 10 5 2. 5 1 05 0- 1
r 0. 3249 0-05
0.7265 1.0000 P3764 1963
. 3-078 6.314 12-11
2 0' 2887 0.6172 08165 31 -82 63i56 318.3 636.6
1•0607 1.386 x-886 2.92o
3 0' 2767 4 . 303 6 96 5 9925 22.33
0' 5 844 0 7649 0 97 8 5 1 . 250 1.638 3x .60
4 02707 0- 5686 2 353 3'182 4541 5.841
0 7407 09410 1.190 10.21 12.92
1 '533 2' 32 2.776 3'747 4604 7173 8-610
5 0' 2672 05594 0.7267 09 1 95 1 . 1 56
6 cY 2648 0- 5534 1 47 6 2015 2.571 3.365 4032
0-7176 0 . 90 57 P134 5893 6.869
7 0- 2632 1 440 1 943 2447
0 . 5491 0.7111 0.8960 3 1 43 3707 5.208 5'9.59
1119 1 415 I '895 2365
8 cy2619 0 5459 0.7.064 2 998 3499
0.8889 1 . 108 i , 86o 4785 5 -408
9 0-2610 1 '397 2.306 2 - 89 0
0 . 5435 07027 0. 8834 I - 100 3'355 4501 041 5
- 383
1 1.833 7 . 262 282i 2co 4 297 4781
10 02602 05415 0 - 6998 08791 P093 1372 1.812 2• 228
11 0 - 2596 05399 2764 3.169
0.6974 0-8755 t-o88 r.363 4 1 44 4 - 5 87
12 02590 1-796 220 X 2•7 IS
0 -5386 0'6955 0'8726 1'083 3 106 4 02 5 4'437
r3 1'356 1782 2179 2.68r
0.2586 0.5375 0.6938 0.8702 3 055 3 - 930
P079 1'350 1771 43 1 8
T4 02582 0'5366 2160 2650 3-012
0'6924 0'808 x 1 - 076 1345 8 52 3 4 - 221
1.761 2.145 7'624 2977 37 8 7 441 40
15 0 2579 0 5357 0' 6912 0-8662 P 074 1'341
x6 02576 P753 2131 2- 602 2 . 947
0 5350 06901 0-8647 3733 4 073
17 0'2573
1' 071 1 '337 1'746 2120 2 - 583
0 . 5344 0'6892 0 - 8633 V921 3-686 4.015
1.069 t .333 1740 2 . 110
x8 0- 2575 05338 0. 6884 2'567 2 898 3 - 646 3-965
0 8620 1.067 1 . 330
29 02569 0.5333 0. 6876 1 734 2101 2' 552 2878 3.6to
0-8610 1-964 1.328 1-729
332
2093 2 539 2.861 3.579 3 8S3
20 0 2567 05329 .06870 o- 8600 1'064 1 325 1 725
21 02566 0. 5325 2 - 086 2%528 2 ' 845
0- 6864 08591 1.063 3.552 3 850
22 P323 1721 2 080 25t$
02564 05321 0. 6858 0. 8583 2 - 831 3.527 3.819
1.061 1.321 p727 2 .074
23 02563 05317 0- 6853 2-508 2 . 819 3-505
0 8575 1.060 1.319 1714 3'792
24 0. 2562 05314 2069 2 500 2807 3 - 485
0-6848 0 - 8569 1059 1•318 376 8
P711 2064 2492 2 797 3467 3'745
25 5Y 2561 05312 0- 6844. 0.8562 1. 058 . 316 . 708
26 2. 060 2 . 485 2 - 787
0' 2560 05309 06840 08557 058 3450 3 . 725
27 0' 2559 '3'5 1.706 2-056 2'479
0 . 5306 0 - 6837 08551 1057 2'779 p 435 3 - 707
28 P314 1. 703 3052
0' 2558 0 - 5304 0 - 6834 0 2473 2771 3' 421 3690
- 8546 P056 1313 £701
29 0 . 2557 05302 0- 6830 048 2-467 2.763 3 408
0. 8542 1 . 055 1311 3 -6 74
1.699 20 45 2462 2 756 3396 3 -659
30 0' 2556 cY 5300 0- 6828 0 . 8538 1'055 1.3xo 1 . 697
32 0. 2555 05297 2 - 042 2‘457 2 750
06822 08530 1 . 054 3385 3 . 646
34 02 553 1309 1 ' 694 20 37
05294 0- 6818 0 - 8523 2 '449 2 73 8 3' 3 65 3 . 622
1 . 052 1307 1-691
36 02552 05291 06814
2 0 32 244 1 2' 7 28
08517 P052 1 . 306 1-688 3'348 3' 601
38 2551 0 - 5288 2• 028 2'434 21 1 9
6810 08512 1 . 051 1 . 304 . 333 3 35 82
1.686 2024 2.429 2.712 3319 66 35
40 0. 2550 05286 0 - 6807 0. 8507 1050 1.303 1 . 684 2021
so 0 2 547 2 . 423 2704 3 . 307
05278 cr 6794 0' 8489 PO47 r.299 3" 55 1
6o 0 2 545 1'676 2 .009 2403 2678
0. 5272 0- 6786 0' 8477 PO45 3 . 261 3496
120 0.2539 P296 P671 2'000 2190 2 . 66o
0'5258 0 - 6765 0' 8446 041 3232 3'460
1 . 289 1658 P980 2158 2.617 3`160 3'7
t:0 0-2533 0.5244 06745 0.8416 1-036 1.282 1.645 1.960 2'326 2 '576 3090 3 -291

CLB 20903 ENGINEERING STATISTICS

11
 PF.RCENTAGE. POINTS OF THE F DISTRIBUTION

The table gives the values cr the 1000 percentage point of the F 41stribution having 1 , 1 degrees of free-
dom in the numerator 'arid v.2 deg reeS of freedom in the :denominator
For each p3:1' Of values of and F. is tabulated fur c s 0 , 05,0.025,0,01.0,001, the 0.025 values being
bracketed,

'fl lower percentage points of the di Ar Ord( ion be obtained from the relatien - -
t
F1-6; Vz

F. 95; - I (A 35 1
•,,,,, fr
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 12 24

1 161,4 199.5 215.7 224.6 230.2 234.0 236.8 239.9 241.9 143,9 249.0 254.3
(6481 1800) (584 t (9001 1922) (937) (948) (957) (969) (977) (997) (1018)
4652 5000 5403 5625 5764 5859 5928 5981 6056 6106 6235 6366
41153 6000* 5404" 5625* 5764" 5059* 5929' 5981" 6056' 61137' 6235' 6366'

•
2 18 5 19.0 19.2 19.2 19,3 49.3 19.4 19,4 19.4 19.4 19.5 19.5
(19,0) 139, 2) 139.21 (39.3) (19.3) (39.4) (38.. 4) 139 91 (39, 4) (39.5) 139.5)
98.5 99,0 99: 2 09.2 99.3 99,3 99.4 90.4 99.4 99.4 90,5 99.5
990.5 999.0 990.2 99.9.2 999.3 999.3 999,4 9W 4 999.4 959.4 999.5 999,5
10.13 9.55 9.20 9,12 9.01 8.94 8.89 8.85 8.79 8.74 5.64 8,53
(17.4/ (16, III A 5,4) (15,1) 114.9) (14.7) (14,6) (19.5) (14.4) (14.34 (14.1) (13.9)
34.1 30.8 29,5 28,7 28.2 27.9 27,7 27.5 27,2 27.1 26.6 26.1
167.0 140.5 141 1 137.1 134,6 132.8 131.5 130.6 129.2 128.3 125.9 123,5
4 7.71 6.94 0.59 0.10 6.26 6.16 6.09 6.04 5.96 5,91 5,77 5.03
132 211 110.8.51 67. 900 19,89) (9,36) (9.20) (9.97) (8.98) (8.84) 18.75) 39. 51) (8.26)
21.2 I 8,6 16,7 16.0 15.5 15,1 15,0 19,8 14.5 14.4 13.9 13.5
74.14 61.25 56.19 53.44 51.71 50,53 49.86 40. 00 49.05 47.41 45.77 44,05
6.51 5,79 5.41 5.19 5.. 05 4.95 4.88 4.82 4.74 4.68 4.521 4.36
Alt 04) 113.45) 17. 70) 1,7. 39) (7,15) (6.98) (6.35) (6,76) (6.('2) (6,52) 16.2)1) (6.02)
16.26 13,27 12.06 1 1. 39 10.87 10.67 10,46 10.29 10.05 9. 90 9,47 9,02
47,18 .17,13 33.30 31.09 2'9.75 26.83 2)1,16 27.65 26,92 26.42 25.14 23.79
6 5.01) 5,14 4,70 4,33 4.39 . 4.26 4,21 4.15 4.06 4.00 3.84 3,07
(6 . 51) 1 7_26) 16.69) (6,231 (5.99) (5.82) (5,70) (5,60) (5,40) (5.37) (5,12) (4,85)
11.74 10.92 9.78 9,15 8.75 8.47 15,26 8.10 7.87 7.72 7.31 6,88
:35.51 27.(10 23.70 21.92 20,80 20.03 10.46 19,03 18.41 17.99 16. 913 15,75
7 5,59 4.74 4,35 4,12 3,97 3.87 3,79 3,73 3.64 3.57 3.41 3.23
15.074 18,541 (5. 391 (5.52) (5,29) (1.12) (4.99) 14. 90) (4.76) (4,671 (4.42) (4.14)
12.25 9.55 8, 45 7.85 7,46 7,19 0.99 6.84 6.62 6,47 6.07 5,65
29,25 21.09 13.77 17.20: 16.21 15.52 15,02 14,63 14.08 13.71 12.73 11.70
5.32 4.46 4.07 3,54 3.69 3.55 3.50 3.44 3.35 3.28 3.12 2.93

•
(7,57) 16,66) (5 . 42) 15.051 (4,82) (4,65) (4.53) (4.43) (4,30) (4.20) (3. 951 (3,67;
11.26 8,65 7, 50 7.01 6.63 6.37 6,18 6.03 5.81 5.67 5,20 4.86
15 42 18.49 15.83 14.39 13.48 12.85 12.40 12.05 11.54 11.19 19.39 9,24
9 5,12 4.26 3.86 3.63 3.48 .3..37 3.29 3.23 3.14 3.07 2.90 2,71
(7,11) (5,71) (5.06) 14, 72 1,4, 48) r:4.32) (4,2)) (4,1(1) (3,96) (3.87) (3.61) 13.33)
10.50 8.02 0,911 6.42 6,06 0.80 5.61 5.47 5.26 5,11 4.73 4.31
22.80 46.39 13.00 12.56 11.71 11,11 10.69 10. 31 9.87 9,67 0.72 7.61

10 4.96 4,10 3.71 3,45 3,33 3.22 3.14 3,07 2.98 2,91 2.74 2.54
16.941 :5.461 A . 911 (4.47) (4,244 (4,07) (3,95) (3.85) (3.72) 13, 621 (1.37) (3.08)
10.04 7. Fie, 6. 55 599 5.64 '5 39 S• 20 , OS 4.85 4.71 4. 13 3, 91
21.04 14,91 12.55 11.20 10,48 9.93 9.52 9,20 8.74 8.44 7.84 6.76
11 4.84 3.014 3.59 3.36 3.20 3.05 3.01 2.95 2.85 2.79 2.81 2.40
1:6 • 7'2) (5.25) 14.(I3) 14.28) (4.04) (3, 98:, ;3.76! (3.664 13.53) (3. 431 ;3.17) (2.88:
9.65 7.21 0, 22 5,6'7 5.32 5.07 4,69 4.74 4.54 4.40 4.02 3.60
19.69 11.01 11.56 19.35 9.56 9.05 8,66 8.35 7.92 7.63 6,85 6.00
12 4,75 3.69 3.49 3.26 3.11 3.00 2.91 2.85 2.75 2.69 2.51 2,30
(6.95) 15.101 (4.471 (4.12) (3.(49) f3.. 73) 0-6'1) (3.51) (3.37) (3.28) (3.(12) 12.72 )
9.33 6.93 5. 95 5.41 5.06 4,82 4.04 4.50 4.30 4.16 3.78 3.38
15,64 12.97 (0.80 9.63 2.89 8,38 6.00 7.71 7.2:9 7,00 0. 25 5,42
13 4,67 3.84 3.41 3,18 3. 03 2.92 1.83 2.77 2,67 2.60 2.42 2.27
(5 41) (4,97) 14.35) (4.(30) (3.771 (3.60) ;3,461 13. 39) ;3,25) (3.154 (2.09) (2.60
9.07 6.70 5. 74 5.21 4,96 4.62 4.44 4.30 4.10 3.96 5,59 3.17
27. 82 12.31 10.21 9.07 5.39 7,56 7.40 7.21 6.80 8.52 6.78 4. a7

li;ntries marked Mutt: toust be atultiplied by I00

CLB 20903 ENGINEERING STATISTICS

12
 2 2 5
76 10 12
14 4.60 3.74 24 ar,.
3.34 3,11 2,g
(6.30) 14 . '8(.1) (4.24) ( 3 _ 8 2,85 2.76 2 70
9)(3_ 1. .36), (a. 50) 2,60 ,... o3 2.35
6.86 6.51 5,56 'L3,291 0.(5) (3,05) 2.13
17.14 5.04 4,70 4,46 (2.79) (2,49}
11.78 9,73 4,2 4 14 2.94
8,62 7,92 7,44 3.80 3.43 3.00
15 4.49 7 O'a 5 80 6.40
3.63 3,24 3 01 6.12 5.41 4.60
(G. 32) ).4.60) (4,08) 2.85 2,74 2 66
;3,73) 13.50) (3,34) 2,59 2.49 2.42
8.52 6 23 :323) :313 1 (2.99) (2.59) 2.24 2.01
5 29 4.77 4.44 (2.63) (2.22)
16.12 10 97 9.01 4.20 4.03 3. ag
7.94 7,27 6.60 3.69 3.55 3.16
18 6.41' 6 13 5.81 2 15
4.41 3.55 316 5,55 4. as
(5,5g) 2,55 2.77 2.66 4.06
'4 581 1 595) (3 61) 2.56 2.51 2.41 2.34
15.01 (3.381 (3.22) (3.1:0) f 3,05 2.15 1,92
5.09 4.58 4.25 (2.87) (2.77) 2,50/ 1:2 19)
15.38 10.39 8.49 4.01 3.84 3 71
7,46 6.81 6.35 3,51 3,37 3,00
20 4, 35 6 02 5 76 5.39 2.57
3.49 3,10 2.87 5, / 5 4.45 3.67
(6.1i7) (4 45.1 1 3.86) 2.71 2.60 2 51
(3.51) (3.29) (3.13) (3,01) 2.45 2.35 2.26
1., 10 5 85 12 91) 2,09 1.64
4.94 4.43 4,10 '4 77) !2.65) (2.41)
14.62 9.95 8,10 3,87 3.70 3.56 (2.09)
7,10 6,46 3.37 3.23 2.26
22 6.92 5.69 5.44 2,42
4.30 3.44 3.05 5.08 4.82 4.15
(5.79) (4.36} 1 3,76) 2.82 2,66 2,59 3, 38
:3.44) 2-45 2.40 2.30
95 1322) 13.05) ?2,93) 2.23 2.03 1.78
5.72 4.52 4.91 i2.84) ,2.73) ;2.63.1
14.38 9.61 3.99 5.76 3.59 1,2.33) (2,00)
7.130 6,81. 6.19 3,45 3,26 3 12
24 5,76. 5.44 5,19 2 75 2.31
126 3,40 3.01 4.63 4 3.92
2.78 2.62 2.51 3.15
15.73) (4.32 t 13.72) 2.42 2,36 1.25
7.82 (3.36) (3„ 15) 12,99) 'i2.67) 2.16 1 e8 1. 73
5.81 4,72 4,22 (2. 76) ,:2.64) ;2 54) 12.271 (1.94)
14 03 9,31 3.90 3.67 3_50
7,55 6.59 5.98 3.3 3.1? 3.03
5.55 5.23 2.66 2.21
2$ 4,23 3, ;37 4.09 4.64 4.39
2 98 2.74 2.59 3.74 2 57
;5.661 (4 27) (3,57) 2.47 2,39 2.32
(3.33) 1,3.10) (2.94) 2.22 2.15 1.65
7.72 5.53 4,64 2... 82) 12.73) (2.50)
3.74 4.14 3.82 3.59 f2 491 k2.22) P. 681
9.12 7 36 6.41 3.42 3,29 3,09
0.80 5,36 5.07 2.96 2.58 2,13
:5 4 29 3.34 4,83 4,48 4.24
2.95 2.71 2.56 3,59 2.82
15.61) (4,221 13„ 63) a 293 2.45 2.35 2,29
13,06) (2,90)(2, '78) 2.19 2,12 i,5
7.64 5,45 4.57 (2,69) (2,55) 1,65
4,07 3,79 3,53 (.2„ 49) (2,17) ;1.83)
13.'10 8 93 7.19 9,96 3.23 3,03
5.25 5,66 5.24 2.90 2.52 2.06
30 4 17 4.93 4.69 4.35
3.32 2.92 4_11 3.46 2.69
15.97) t 4 .18) 2.69 2.53 2.42
i,3, 59) (3.25) 2.33 2.27 2.16
7.50 13.03) 2,87.1 (2,75) (2.65) 2.09 1.89 1.62
5.99 4.51 4.02 i2.51) (2.41) 1:2.14)
13.29 8.77 3.70 3.47 3.30 .1.791
7.05 6.12 3.17 2.98 2.84
5.53 5.12 4.82 4.58 2.47 2.01
40 4.08 3.23 4.24 4, 00 3.36
2.84 2_61 2.45 2 50
:5.421 14.05) i3,46) (3,13) 2.34, 2.25 2.18
(2.00) (2,74) (2,62) 2.. 08 2,00 1.79
7.31 5,16 (2.53) ;22.30 (2,29) 1.51
4 31 3 83 3,51 2,01) (1 84;
12,81 8,25 8,59 3 29 3,12 2,99
5,70 5,13 4.73 2.80 2.66 2.29 1.80
60 4,00 4,44 4,21 3 117
3.15 2,76 2.53 3.64 3.01 2,23
0.29) (3.92) 2.57 2.25 2,17 2,10
13.24) (3.01) 12.79) 1 99 1,92 1. TO
7. GB 4.98 4.13 (2.63) 12.51) (2.41) (.2.27) 1 39
(1.97 2.65 3.34 3.12 (2.17) 0 . 88) t1 48
7.77 6.17 5 31 2.95 2.62 2.63
4.76 4.37 4.09 2.50 2.12 1.60
(20 3.52 3. 07 3.86 3 54 3,32 2,69
2.68 2,45 2.20 1.49
15) ka IA)) 2.18 2.09 2.02
'. 3.23) (2 89) 1.2.07) 1.91 1, ri3 1, 61
6.85 4.75 (2,52) (2, 39) ;,2,30) 1, 25
3.95 3.48 3.17 (2.16) (2.05) (1.70 (1.31)
11_38 7.32 5.78 2.96 2.79 2.6.
4.95 4.42 4.04 2.47 2.34 1.95
4.. 3.77 3.55 3.24 1.38
3.4 3.00 2.60 3,02 2 40 1.54
5.02; (a, sq) 2.37 2.21 2,10
13.12) 2.01 1.94 1.83
:2.79) 12,57) (2.41) (2.29) (2.(9) 1.75 1.52 1.00
6.63 4.61 3, 78 1.32 (2 05) (1.94) :1. b43 (1 00)
10.113 6.91 3.02 2.80 2.64
5.42 4.62 4.10 2 51 2 32 2.18 2 75
3,74 3.47 3,27 1 00
2:06 2.74 2 13 1.00

CLB 20903 ENGINEERING STATISTICS

13
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CLB 20903 ENGINEERING STATISTICS 14