1.2 Transcription system ‘ur pronunciation model isthe Brith accent called Received Pronuncla- tion (RP). The transition i ilnrted on the inside ofthe cover ofthis book. We follow the IPA (nterational Ponetics Asocstio) syste, ds represented by the Longman Proncuncing Dictionary (LPD). 1990, and dope in the lest editions of the Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English (LDOCE), the Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary of Current English (OALD), Stora engelsksversa ordboten nd many ether dict nies, Where there are notewerthy differences between Brith and Amer an pronunciacons (other than the ronanciaton off anda), we also ‘ve te American tansripton scording to LPD: the Bish promunca ‘onto the left andthe American to the righ of double bars I). The Ames. ‘an model is General American (GA). Mos: consonant phonemes ae represented by onary leer and are therefore not inchided onthe cover: p Bak g mar Fv sh Length is marked by /, Stress ie nowadays marked before the syllable tht cares theses. citer a primary ses // tthe top of the ine as secondary sites // a the botom: prenuacTation fpranansn. The maker is ced at the boundary between syllables ("stavelsegrans", whichis generally hefoe one consonant, i there only ane between two vows, between ‘two comonants, and after the first consonant If there are thee” eg. abandon fbendani, commodity f'n, my hp. ‘oneonan fj wi rogarded sone unt an tha belongs to the ater syllable: retreat” fait reply pla, refuse iz, berwwen 0 ‘win In prefixed and compound words she syllable Boundary is usu ally found afer te prefix and between the elements of the compound table ab), component kam'paunoal, Tou'speaker avd spk 13. Ordinary writing and transcription Ther re sme npr diereces between wing and tansrpon, ‘The following devices do mt coir in neerpton: Copal eter: l/l) + Double consonant (except when theres sllable boundary: Bill ol, erty Poet ee, But note solely sso, misspel fm pe. The Jeers x and etx ks, cicle 59: et ‘+ Punctuation masks such fl stops, commas, exclamation and question ‘marks, Instead vertical bar () is used © mask tone-nit bounds. Note alse ‘Combinations of leters may comespond to one single sound: song ‘eel hip Ick Mk, pad sped, “One leer may comtpond to several sounds: bar Pokal) exact ieeek, ee 1 A leer maybe mute: doubt, almond, ee. The same leter or leuors may be pronounced dtferedy indifferent words: go ~ do ~ dane: get — gem /O3em/, chap he ~ chaos ‘Persia! ~ champagne im pen, The sume sound may comespond to diferent ltrs: se si) — beat, Ibi ~ me fi: — plece ips jb Adoblagerb — gem fgem/ ~ judge ‘sud spinach PSpaudgh ee3 Transcription of isolated words 3.1. From transcription to spelling A From the RP wanscrgion, write the following words wit ther ordinary spellings. Pronounce the words alo, 1 aa 2 oma 3. kay 4 at Sia 6. Soto) 7. Ned so 8. Pana 9 ow 1, Posty ere 1. pair ssn HY 15. indy 16 TI PMA onnnenece HAM 19. rej sss 20 Pam) 21. ethan) 2, fed 2B. PAPE secre 2 FADE 8. fldenenncne 2 fel 2 2 falenot 28 Pua i 2. nena 30. fh. 31, Pre se 3 OR 38 i en 34 fst 35. al son 36 Pew! ST beds 38. fea! 38. ed soonest 4, Poly soe. el $8. os 44, Pap $5. at) on 1 M6 st AIS sense 4. WH 3.2. From transcription to spelling B From the RP tansripton, write the following words with their onary sellings. Each ord ean be spelt at least wo ways: Make a note ofthe siference in meaning. 1. 3. Muy 5. ny 7 fas) 9.1. os 13, fo 15, MARY cnennnnn 17 eat 19, fa. 21 fa. 27. hou! 29. fe 33. ve 12 fol 14 pt 1. ies 20. ia! 2. brow! 24 Pabstsiman 26. Kat 28, pes 30. fweday oe 3 Poti 34, eal 3.3 From transcription to spelling C ‘Transfer the following pasige © ontinary wring. Read the pasege loos. ‘ox nau 'ma ts sed ‘oid "kfon sta av “daund sk oer bogs ta unin oy uke an'xDar empl an a2 Py ‘senk wa Brace instant instant ond 2 apaods 129 jurion | at mere Bat er ver osm Lav bn lads “into Tend ek Bo dina rule Sat war el an dae) 3.4 Vowels Practise wanseiption of vowels. Do not forget to putin sress masks before the sessed syllable in woads with more than one sylabe 1. tet sus Dat Bi boat as - 6can 7. nat myess) so Be cu HOR) 9.0L enn 1, i 11. ot seven Hs get 13. note 4, tanger 15, tok 16, oer 17 tuck 118, mere 19, bck 2D, me 2B ta ces PA M006 CHE