ABSTRACT

The stand-off over the Scarborough Shoal has evolved to the status of an international

dispute. It involves competitive claims on points of law or fact between China and Philippines.

China calls the shoal as Huangyan Island while Philippines calls it as Bajo de Masinloc or

Panatag Shoal.

China based their claim on its historical claims as early as 1279 under Yuan Dynasty. On

the other hand, Philippines based their claim through effective occupation and effective

jurisdiction. Another is that, Panatag Shoal is 120 nautical miles from Zambales and is within the

Exclusive Economic Zone under the rules of International Law.

While the arbitral case was filed by the Philippines against China’s use of force and

violation of Philippines’ territorial integrity is still pending, China still continues to exercise its

military force over the Scarborough Shoal. Philippines on the other hand continues to strengthen

its national security by engaging in military exercises under Visiting Forces Agreement with the

United States of America. In addition, Philippines is also considering to execute another Visiting

Forces Agreement with Japan.