THE BATTLE OF GALLIPOLI:

A TURNING POINT FOR FUTURE CENTURIES

Cpt.Metin AKDENİZ
1
Turkish War Colleges
 Presentation Topics

- Redeployment of The Ottoman Army Prior to the Battle of Gallipoli

- The Beginning of the Battle of Gallipoli

- The Global Political Effects and Results of the Battle of Gallipoli

- The Greatest Prize on the Political Stage of the Victory at Gallipoli:

Mustafa Kemal ATATURK and Leadership Qualities

2
REDEPLOYMENT OF THE OTTOMAN ARMY PRIOR TO
THE BATTLE OF GALLIPOLI

3
REDEPLOYMENT OF THE OTTOMAN ARMY PRIOR TO
THE BATTLE OF GALLIPOLI

4
REDEPLOYMENT OF THE OTTOMAN ARMY PRIOR TO
THE BATTLE OF GALLIPOLI

5
REDEPLOYMENT OF THE OTTOMAN ARMY PRIOR TO
THE BATTLE OF GALLIPOLI

6
REDEPLOYMENT OF THE OTTOMAN ARMY PRIOR TO
THE BATTLE OF GALLIPOLI

7
THE BEGINNING OF THE BATTLE OF GALLIPOLI

German Emperor
II. Wilhelm
Austria-Hungary Emperor
Franz Joseph
Ottoman Emperor
V. Mehmet Reşat
Bulgarian King 8
I. Ferdinand
THE BEGINNING OF THE BATTLE OF GALLIPOLI

9
THE BEGINNING OF THE BATTLE OF GALLIPOLI

Bouvet
Inflexible

Irresistable

Cornwallis
Suffren

Vengeance
Sharman

Queen Elizabeth Agamemnon

Dublin

10
 THE BEGINNING OF THE BATTLE OF GALLIPOLI

18 March 1915

Nusrat Mine Layer Ship and 26 Mines

11
THE BEGINNING OF THE BATTLE OF GALLIPOLI

18 March 1915

12
 Main Attack Regions

Main Attack Region

After August 1915
Suvla

Arıburnu

Main Attack Region

Until July 1915

Helles

13
 Landings

Deception Saros

25.000 soldiers Arıburnu

04.25

50.000 soldiers
04.45-07.30 Helles

4.000 soldiers
Kumkale
09.30

Deception Beşige
14
 Landing Plan 5CORPS

SAPHIRE 3.COR.7.DIV
GOLIATH
KİRTE

1 14336

PINARİÇİ 3.COR.19.DIV
AMETHYST
DUBLIN KOYU
HİLAL SR.

13008
IMPLACABLE
SWIFTSURE ÜÇ TEPELER

2 ÇİFTLİKLER

İKİZ BAY 3.COR.9.DIVYALÇI T.

3 KARACAOĞLAN T.

VENGEANOR HARAPKALE
14336 ESKİHİSARLIK T.
TEKE
EURYALUS KOYU MORTO BAY
GÖZCÜBABA T.
VENGANCE
ALBION
ERTUĞRUL SEDDÜLBAHİR
BAY KÖYÜ 5
RIVER CLYT 4 AGEMEMNON
CORNWALLİS
PRINCE 15
RIVER CLYT NELSON
GEORGE
 Evacuations

18/19 Suvla

December 1915
Arıburnu

8/9
January
1916
Helles

16
Trench Warfare

17
 THE GLOBAL POLITICAL EFFECTS AND RESULTS OF
THE BATTLE OF GALLIPOLI

- The Gallipoli front changed the course of history.

- The first highest incidence to date of land-based artillery hitting
floating targets.
- The amphibious landing employed by the Allied Nations during the
Battle of Gallipoli was the first time that such craft have been used in the
history of modern warfare.
- The first successful example of the modern defense of a shore.
- Anti-personnel snipers to target high-ranking enemy commanders were
first used as a tactic by the Turks at the Battle of Gallipoli.

18
 THE GLOBAL POLITICAL EFFECTS AND RESULTS OF
THE BATTLE OF GALLIPOLI

- In the Battle of Gallipoli, never before in history had such extensive sea
and landing units been deployed that comprised of such a range of soldiers
fighting on the same front, but being from different nations.
- It was a pitched battle, involving land, sea, air units and submarines.
- There were also underground units tunneling under enemy trenches to
create mine warfare by planting explosive charges that would blow trenches
into the air.
- In terms of trench warfare, never before had opposing trenches been
so close together: at times just 8-10 meters apart.

19
 THE GLOBAL POLITICAL EFFECTS AND RESULTS OF
THE BATTLE OF GALLIPOLI

- Gallipoli showed that nations who had founded a global colonial empire,
which had the latest weapon technology and a massive fleet, could be
defeated.

- The battle was also one of the reasons that extended the war for
another two years, caused the collapse of the Czarist regime in
Russia and the rise of the Bolsheviks, and was one of the causes of
opening the path to social-economic collapse for both victorious
and defeated nations and the following great upset that created
Fascism in Italy and Nazism in Germany.

20
 THE GLOBAL POLITICAL EFFECTS AND RESULTS OF
THE BATTLE OF GALLIPOLI

- Britain, who had lost her past mastery of the seas, had to concede
power to the USA.

- Relations between the Turkish and the Australian and New Zealand
soldiers was cordial, warm and even one of close friendship. In the
history of the World War, it is known as the “Gentlemen’s Battle”.

- After living through so many days full of so much violence, blood and
agony, the hatred and animosity between two sides is replaced with
positive impressions of admiration and respect.

21
 THE GLOBAL POLITICAL EFFECTS AND RESULTS OF
THE BATTLE OF GALLIPOLI

- The greatest gift of the spirit of 1915 Gallipoli was the hero of
Anafartalar, Mustafa Kemal, described by Churchill, the father of the idea
for the Gallipoli campaign, as “a man of destiny”, by the official British
author of the history of the war, Aspinall Oglander, as “an extraordinary
military genius” and by the official Australian author of the history of the
war, C.E.W. Bean, as “the greatest leader on the eastern front”.

- The British Prime Minister, Lloyd George admitted, upon his

forced resignation, “Centuries rarely produce a genius. What bad
luck of ours that the great genius of our era was granted to the
Turkish nation! What could we do against Mustafa Kemal?"
22
 THE GREATEST PRIZE ON THE POLITICAL STAGE OF
THE VICTORY AT GALLIPOLI:
MUSTAFA KEMAL ATATURK AND LEADERSHIP QUALITIES

23
 Landing Plan 5CORPS

SAPHIRE 3.COR.7.DIV
GOLIATH
KİRTE

1 14336

PINARİÇİ 3.COR.19.DIV
AMETHYST
DUBLIN KOYU
HİLAL SR.

13008
IMPLACABLE
SWIFTSURE ÜÇ TEPELER

2 ÇİFTLİKLER

İKİZ BAY 3.COR.9.DIVYALÇI T.

3 KARACAOĞLAN T.

VENGEANOR HARAPKALE
14336 ESKİHİSARLIK T.
TEKE
EURYALUS KOYU MORTO BAY
GÖZCÜBABA T.
VENGANCE
ALBION
ERTUĞRUL SEDDÜLBAHİR
BAY KÖYÜ 5
RIVER CLYT 4 AGEMEMNON
CORNWALLİS
PRINCE 24
RIVER CLYT NELSON
GEORGE
 THE GREATEST PRIZE ON THE POLITICAL STAGE OF
THE VICTORY AT GALLIPOLI:
MUSTAFA KEMAL ATATURK AND LEADERSHIP QUALITIES

I’m not ordering you to fight, I’m ordering you to die.

In the time that it takes us to die, other forces and
commanders can come and take our place! 25
 The Commandments of Mustafa Kemal

25 April 17 May 8 August

17 May 8 August 9 December
Arıburnu Forces C. 19 th Divison C. Anafartalar Group C.

LTC June
Colonel

At the age of 34, 7 divisions/100.000 soldiers at war

26
 THE GREATEST PRIZE ON THE POLITICAL STAGE OF
THE VICTORY AT GALLIPOLI:
MUSTAFA KEMAL ATATURK AND LEADERSHIP QUALITIES

27
 THE GREATEST PRIZE ON THE POLITICAL STAGE OF
THE VICTORY AT GALLIPOLI:
MUSTAFA KEMAL ATATURK AND LEADERSHIP QUALITIES

28
 THE GREATEST PRIZE ON THE POLITICAL STAGE OF
THE VICTORY AT GALLIPOLI:
MUSTAFA KEMAL ATATURK AND LEADERSHIP QUALITIES

Total Casualties : Apx. 500.000

29
 THE GREATEST PRIZE ON THE POLITICAL STAGE OF
THE VICTORY AT GALLIPOLI:
MUSTAFA KEMAL ATATURK AND LEADERSHIP QUALITIES
“Those heroes that shed their blood and lost their lives ...
You are now lying in the soil of a friendly country.
Therefore rest in peace. There is no difference between
the Johnnies and the Mehmets to us where they lie side
by side here in this country of ours ...
You, the mothers who sent their sons from faraway countries,
wipe away your tears; your sons are now lying in our bosom
and are in peace.
After having lost their lives on this land they have
become our sons as well.”
30
 The Forces on Each Side
Gen. SANDERS

Cavalary Gendarme

6 Divisions, 1 Brigade = 50.000 soldiers

1 Division= 6-7.000 soldiers

Mediter.
Compaign
Gen. HAMILTON

Royal Ind. 1 Division= 14.000 soldiers

5 Divisions, 1 Brigade = 75.000 soldiers

32
 NORTH
Turkish Army Defense Plan
SAROZ BAY 5.DIV.
1.BRI.

KÜÇÜK ANAFARTA
7.DIV

19.TÜM

ÇONKBAYIRI
MAYDOS

CESARET TEPE
5.ARMY
ARIBURNU 3.COR KİLİTBAHİR
KABATEPE
GELİBOLU PENINSULA
9.TÜM
ALÇITEPE
KİRTE
ÇANAKKALE MÜSTAHKEM
MEVKİİ KOMUTANLIĞI.
SEDDÜLBAHİR

ÇANAKKALE STRAITS
25 APRIL 1915

15.COR
3.TÜM
KUMKALE

11.DIV. 33
 Arıburnu Landing

Yüksek Ridge.
Hain H.

Balıkçı
Damları
B.Kemikli

Small Anafarta
Tuzla
Lake

Big Anafarta
3rd Brigade = 4.000
Anzak Corps = 25.000 B.Damları K.Çimen H.

Conk Slope

Arıburnu
Yüksek Ridge
Hain Hill
34