Fig. 5 Diagram of towboat (pushboat) steering system. system with both separate and synchronous nozzle turning. nozzle with fixed fin reduction gear steering quadrant auxiliary electric drive clutch, electromagnetic main electric drive gueene -53-wer » Top SIDE zo D) 51920 3 2 Fig. 6 Rudder stock which is cast, forged and welded. a) View of blank b) after heat treatang- ¢) preparation prior to welding key: 1: lower section of rudder stock 2: upper section of rudder stock 3: section used for tests “54-EFFECT OF PROFILE THICKNESS AND ANGLE OF ATTACK OF FLANKING RUDDERS IN PUSHER TUGS ON THRUST DEDUCTION AND PROPULSION POWER? BY G- LUTHRA? SUMMARY paper contains an overall re study, It describes the investigation view of model tests described in VED te- ports 884 and 911. The significant re: Sults of these tests with a twin, & triple and a quadruple-screw pusher tug with 3 different types of rudders are Presented. In particular they cover comparative bollard pull and propulsive Power measurements as well ae. investiga- tions of the local flow conditions in the region of flanking rudders. From bollard pull and propulsion tests specific data on thrust deduction fraction and on increment of propulsive Power due to flanking rudders was deter- jined in relationship with factors such as rudder form, pusher tug type and speed and draught of the pushed train of barges. The results are presented in the form of diagrams. They illustrate which rudder forms are favorable and to- gether with the ascertained flow condi- Eions supply design data to minimize the disturbance, from the flanking rudders which can have an adverse effect on the ahead operation of the tug. With the optimized arrangement of flanking rud- ders it can be anticipated that the pro- pulsive efficiency will be improved and the risk of cavitation and vibration ex- citation reduced. TRANS LATIONS 1. INTRODUCTION ‘The following paper presents a Sunnary of model tests described in Versuchsanstalt fur Binnenschiffbau, e.V. (VBD) reports no. 684 and 911 (11. Report no. 884 contains comprehensive results of bollard pull and propulsive measurements from a twin screw pusher fowboat with three different rudder arrangements. ‘The influence of the Fudder arrangement on the required pro- pulsive power and thrust deduction t were determined fron these tests. Re~ port no. 911 is the continuation of this Ashite und Hafen, Heft 10/1979, 6 pp. Versuchsanstalt fur Binnenschiffbau (vB) e.V., Klocknerstrage 77, 4100 Duisburg i: w. Germany 3Prepared by Dipl-Ing. G. Luthra, VBD. 55+ Of the influence of flanking (backing) rudders in multiple shaft arrangenents on the required propulsive power and hull efficiency. This was obtained from comparative tests of triple and quadru- ple screw pusher tow boats. In each test the horizontal flow was also measured in the plane of the flanking rudders. This established the flow ‘conditions when flanking rudders are fitted on the towboat and thus enables them to be set to minimize the flow disturbance in forward operation. While the original reports include the lines plans of the towboat models and graphs sunmarizing the complete test results, in the present paper they have been partly omitted to keep the number of figures small.* The test data is Summarized in the next section with the principal particulars of the models Presented in Table 2.1, 2. SUMMARY OF EXPERIMENTS ‘The experiments are sunmarized in Table 2 and the model-propeller data is summarized in Table 2.1. 3. MODEL TESTS As mentioned earlier, bollara pull measurements were carried out on the twin screw model fitted with the 3 dif- ferent rudder arrangements shown in Pig. 1, In these tests the propeller loading at a specified speed was varied by changes in the propeller rpm and the ex- cess propeller thrust or pull force was measured. These tests were particularly appropriate for situations where small differences in the results were measur- ed. The measurements were carried out with the tovboat alone to determine the influence of each rudder profile on the required power and thrust deduction te — ‘Note the lines plans of Models M-771 (twin screw), M-838 (triple screw) and M-843 (quadruple screw) along with Europa II Barge models 751-762 are shown in NAEME Dept. Report No. 243, November, 1981, pp. 19 and 32.