A Guide to Writing OANA ET a GAKU-study mana(bu)-\earn KF daigaku A nyigaku AE gakusei a “Ff gogaku A SELF-STUDY WORKBOOK FOR LEARNING JAPANESE CHARACTERS By Wolfgang Hadamitzky and Mark Spahn = Features over 750 of the most commonly used characters Be CUTS Re CUM LCL LTD = Provides ample space for writing practice = Gives readings, meanings, compounds, and stroke order Se Kom ee ee Sar eats (OC er) 7A Guide to Writing KANJI BOOK 1 KANA A SELF-STUDY WORKBOOK FOR LEARNING JAPANESE CHARACTERS by Wolfgang Hadamitzky and Mark Spahn CHARLES E. TUTTLE COMPANY Rutland, Vermont & Tokyo, Japan ANOHCKUM A3bIK OHNAaH - www.nihongo.aikidoka.ruThis book has been iypeset by Seiko Harada and Rainer Weihs, Trier, Germany, on a Macintosh® computer, using the Japanese PageMaker®, Published by the Charles B, Tuttle Company, Inc. ‘af Rutland, Vermont & Tokyo, Japan with editorial offices at 2.6 Suido Lohome, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 12 © 1991 by Charles E. Tuttle Publishing Co, Inc. All rights reserved LCC Cant No. 91:65055 ISBN 0-8048-1685.9. First edition, 1991 Fifth printing, 1993 Printed in Japan ANMOHCKUM A3bIK OHNAH - www.nihongo.aikidoka.ruCONTENTS Introduction ..... Explanation of the Character Entries........ssssss+sesese HIRAGANA .... KATAKANA... + 30 KANJI 1-778... + 53 Index by Readings (Kanji 1-778) ANMOHCKUM A3bIK OHNAH - www.nihongo.aikidoka.ru JINTRODUCTION ‘The purpose of A Guide to Writing Kanji and Kana is to help students of Japanese master writing the two kana syllabaries (46 hiragana and 46 katakana) and the 1,945 basic characters (J6y6 Kanji) offi- cially recommended for daily use. With so many characters, it is important that you study them systematically, in a carefully thought-out progression. Most textbooks for learning Japanese, however, do not offer an introduction to Japanese script based on sound didactic principles. A Guide to Writing Kanji and Kana an- swers the need for a step-by-step presenta- tion of characters by following the system developed in the book Kanji & Kana'. Also, up to three basic graphical elements (graphemes) indicating its meaning and/ or pronunciation are listed for each kanji. Furthermore, the characters are taught not in isolation but as parts of important compounds that use only characters that have been introduced earlier. Characters are presented in brush, pen, and printed forms. Each character in pen form is printed in light gray for you to trace over. These gray lines will guide your hand the first time you try writing a new character and will help you quickly develop a feel for the proper proportions. When practicing writing the characters, don’t forget that they should be written to fit into squares, either real or imaginary, of exactly the same size. A Guide to Writing Kanji and Kana has convenient, pre- printed squares: large and normal size for all kana and the first 778 kanji, and normal size for kanji 779-1,945. The best way to begin learning the Japa- nese writing system is to start with one of the two syllabaries, either hiragana or katakana. This is because: 1. The number of characters is limited to 46 characters per syllabary. 2. The forms of the characters are simple (there are one to four strokes per kana). 3. Each character has only one pronuncia- tion (except for two characters that have two readings). 4, The kana syllabaries represent the en- tire phonology of the Japanese lan- guage, which means that any text can be written entirely in kana and without using any kanji at all. 1‘ Hadamitzky, Wolfgang and Mark Spahn: Kanji & Kana: A Handbook and Dictionary of the Japanese Writing System, Charles E. Tuttle Company, Rutland, VT and Tokyo, 1981. ANOHCKUM A3bIK OHNAaH - www.nihongo.aikidoka.ruIt is difficult to say which syllabary should be leamed first. If you learn katakana first, even as a beginner you will be able to write many words, especially loanwords from English, that you already know. Hiragana, however, is by far the more widely used syllabary. We recommend the following learning sequence as the quickest way to master hiragana or katakana; for best re- sults, we suggest using, if available, the computer program SUNRISE Script? to help you learn correct pronunciation. 1. Divide either syllabary into several small units. Concentrate on only a few kana at each session. Begin, for instance, with the first five vowels of hiragana. n Practice the pronunciation of each kana, first while looking at the tran- scription and later without looking. This will help you link the sound of each kana to its visual image. 3. Memorize the order of the syllables (a-i-u-e-o, ka-ki-ku-ke-ko) by reading them aloud. 4. Memorize the shape of each kana and compare it to that of other kana; take notice of similarities and peculiarities. 5. Memorize the order in which the strokes are written and the direction in which each stroke is written. a . Practice writing each kana, first writ- ing on the three gray pen forms in the large squares. Practice each kana until you can write it with the correct stroke order, stroke direction, and propor- tions without looking at the model. INTRODUCTION 7. Read aloud and write all the words that are given as examples for each character. Using SUNRISE Script, you can browse through the kana you’ve learned, manually or automati- cally, in a given order or at random, at various speeds, and with or without the audio function. . After finishing all the characters of either the hiragana or katakana syllabary, review them to check your grasp of forms and sounds. 9. Repeat the above steps for each unit. 10. Review regularly. ey When memorizing kanji, use the same method as the one recommended above for the syllabaries. For kanji, look at the basic graphical elements (graphemes) the entry character is made up of; you will soon no- tice that all kanji are constructed from rela- tively few basic elements. These elements often indicate the meaning and/or pronun- ciation of the kanji. Instead of following the order of kanji presented in this book, you can choose any order you like. You might, for example, select the order in which kanji are introduced in the textbook you’re using in class. The disadvantage to this, however, is that the words and com- pounds will then contain characters that you have not yet learned. The Kanji are fully indexed by on-kun readings. The Index in Book 1 lists all kanji contained in that volume. The Gen- eral Index at the end of Book 2 lists all kanji contained in both volumes, grouping together kanji that share the same reading and a common graphical element. 2 Hadamitzky, Wolfgang and Mark Spahn: SUNRISE Script: Electronic Learning and Reference System for Kar pronunciation of the characters.) jAPAN Media, Berlin, 1989. (With this computer program you can both hear and read the ANOHCKUM A3bIK OHNAaH - www.nihongo.aikidoka.ruEXPLANATION OF THE CHARACTER ENTRIES Hiragana/Katakana 4 5 6 DB ‘kao face 7 ka| HM 709) sans ata red Ds QD) O°) 1 2 3 1, The kana character in brush form, with num- bers showing stroke order positioned at the beginning of each stroke. Squares with the kana character in pen form, printed in light gray, and serving as a practice template to trace over. Empty squares in which to write first the kana character and then the example words. ‘The kana character in printed form, with pro- nunciation in roman letters, Kanji from which the kana character is de- rived, with the sequential number of that kanji, Up to four common words, with romanization and meanings. These words contain only kana that have already been introduced. Kanji 4 Sa Sb 6 67 iz fy] yu GO — word; kata(ru) — talk, relate; kata(rau) — converse ta 3d 1a3] HAIR = Nihongo —_Japanese language 5,28 if kokugo national/Japanese language 40 ‘ 2 = —_* 7 = = Py 24/4 nw go | 00 t 2 a 1. The kanji in brush form, with numbers show- ing stroke order positioned at the beginning of each stroke, 2. Three squares with the kanji in pen form, printed in light gray and serving as a practice template to trace over, 3. Empty squares in which to write the entry kanji and compounds. 4, Number of the kanji in these manuals, 5. a, Radical with its number-and-letter “de- scriptor”, under which the kanji is listed in the Japanese Character Dictionary°. ». Up to three graphemes (basic elements) with their number-and-letter “descriptor”, under which the kanji can be retrieved in SUNRISE Script (see footnote 2). ‘A numeral from 2 to 4 added to the descrip- tor indicates how many times that radical or grapheme is contained in the kanji. If the radical is not a grapheme, it is put in paren- theses, ‘On readings, in capital italics; kun readings, in lowercase italics; readings that are infrequent or used only in'special cases, in brackets; okurigana (part of a word that is written in kana), in parentheses; English meanings. All officially recognized readings of the kanji are listed. Compounds, with romanization, meanings, and cross-reference numbers to the main en- tries for other kanji in the compound. * Spahn, Mark and Wolfgang Hadamitzky: Japanese Character Dictionary: With Compound Lookup via Any Kanji, Nichigai Associates, Tokyo, 1989. 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