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!È 4YPEÈOFÈACCESSÈ
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È nÈ $IRECTÈ4ROCARÈVERSUSÈ6ERESSÈNEEDLETROCARÈACCESSÈ
È nÈ 5MBILICALÈVERSUSÈOTHERÈSITEÈANDÈNEWÈDEVICESÈACCESSÈ
"È #HOICEÈOFÈACCESS


)NTRODUCTION
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4YPEOF!CCESS


/PENVERSUS6ERESS.EEDLE4ROCAR!CCESS

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5MBILICALVERSUS/THER3ITEAND.EW$EVICES!CCESS

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3UMMARY

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)NTRODUCTION

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4HERAPEUTIC,APAROSCOPYINTHE!CUTE!BDOMEN


0ERFORATED6ISCUS

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3MALL"OWEL/BSTRUCTION

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3UMMARY

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2EFERENCES

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#OMMENTARY
8PQTQX;*IZQM

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#OMMENTARY

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!È 7HICHÈANTIREmUXÈOPERATIONÈISÈAPPROPRIATEÈFORÈINEFFECTIVEÈESOPHAGEALÈMOTILITYÈ
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$È !NTIREmUXÈSURGERYÈINÈPATIENTSÈWITHÈRESPIRATORYÈSYMPTOMS


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ZI\QWVITMNWZW]ZIXXZWIKP\W\PMU


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3UMMARY

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#ONCLUSION

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2EFERENCES

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#OMMENTARY
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#ONCLUSIONS

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2EFERENCES

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!È 0ATIENTÈISSUESÈnÈAREÈALLÈPATIENTSÈCANDIDATESÈFORÈLAPAROSCOPYÈ
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$ISCUSSION


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2EFERENCES

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#OMMENTARY
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2EFERENCES

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