Programming


What
is
program?


Func-on…..Scale…..Circula-on…..

Func-on


Droog
Highchair

It
is
the
pervading
law
of
all
things
organic

and
inorganic,
of
all
things
physical
and

metaphysical,
of
all
things
human
and
all

things
super‐human,
of
all
true

manifesta-ons
of
the
head,
of
the
heart,
of

the
soul,
that
the
life
is
recognizable
in
its

expression,


that
form
ever
follows
func-on.
This
is
the

law.


Louis
Sullivan
1896


Construc-on
of
the
Wainright
Building


1890‐1891

St.
Louis,
Missouri


Dankmar
Adler
and
Louis
Sullivan

1908:
Adolf
Loos
::
Ornament
and
Crime::



“The
Evolu-on
of
culture
marches
with
the
elimina-on
of
ornament
from
useful
objects”


“To
live
is
to
leave
traces”

Moller
House


Theore-cal
implica-ons
triggering
a
modernist
aesthe-cs
towards
an
architecture
based
on

Func-on::
Le
Corbusier,
Walter
Gropius

and


Mies
Van
der
Rohe
“Less
is
more”

 Eight
foot
West
Bank
wall
separa-ng

 Bansey

Israelis
from
Pales-nians.


Scale

Haugen/Zohar

Norway


Scale


“The
Climbing
Wall

Our
interven-on
redesigns
the
wall's

prefabricated
elements,
transforming
them

into
an
iden-cal
double‐sided
climbing
wall.

By
challenging
the
wall
and
defy
boundaries,

the
barrier
is
transformed
into
a
free‐zone.

Our
landmark
is
the
people,
their
acts,
fears

and
efforts”.

 Circula-on


“Event
Space”


In
his
design
for
the
New
Acropolis
Museum
in
Athens
Greece,
Bernard
Tschumi
developed
a
project
par-ally
ins-gated

by
the
nego-a-on
between
the
historical
city
and
the
narrated
experience
of
the
museum
ar-facts.



The
circula-on
promenade

wraps
spa-ally

throughout
the
building
connec-ng
archeological
excava-ons
to
ar-facts
and
views
of
the
city.



The
programming
of
circula-on
defines
the
organiza-on
of
the
building.

What
are
programma-c
scenarios
and
what
are
they
based
on?



Specific
user
–
specific
form
–
specific
material
distribu-on/

Non
specific
user
–non
specific
form
–
flexibility
and
interchangeability




Rela-onships
and
interconnec-on
between
parts


Change
over
-me


Movement
dynamics

 Field
condi-on:
Programma-c
specificity
combined


With
architectural
specificity


Parc
de
la
Villede,
Rem
Koohaas


1.
“Lateral
Banding”
of
plan-ng,
ac-vity,
components

2.
“A
sprinkling
of
small
elements,
kiosks,
playgrounds
according
to
grid”

3.
“The
large
elements
of
the
exis-ng
site
and
program,
round
forest”

4.
“Circula-on”

5.
“superimposi-ons”



Specific
user
–
specific
form
–
specific
material
distribu-on

“For
being
neither
uniformly
open
nor
uniformly
closed,
it
lies
open
to
the
unforeseen

As
it
works
on
our
changing
ac-vi-es
over
-me”.

Reiser
and
Umemoto
Atlas
of
Novel
Tectonics



Non
specific
user
–non
specific
form
–
flexibility
and
interchangeability


Stratum

Spontaneous
behavior

Transparency

Juxtaposi-on

“Park
based
on
Culture
rather
than
Nature.


The
park
supports
diverse
cultural
and
entertainment
events.
25
buildings
considered
folies.


They
are
connected
by
promenades
func-oning
as
bridges
and
covered
walkways.



Rela-onships
and
interconnec-on
between
parts

 Time/space
ac-vity
diagrams
for
the
redevelopment
of
the

sta-on
area
in
Arnhem,
Netherlands


Change
over
-me

Movement
dynamics


“Con-nuous
and
formless
project
which
engulfs
the
site
like
a
kind
of
programma-c
lava".



The
project
is
layered
into
ac-vity
zones
promo-ng
a
mul-plicity
of
dynamic
interac-ons

that
is
“composed
of
a
mosaic
of
heterogeneous
21st
century
life”.

Varied
events
occupy
the
territory
that
is
triggered
by
mul-
programmed
infrastructure.


What
are
rule
based
organiza-onal
strategies?


Collec-on
an
distribu-on
of
informa-on


Rela-onships
to
site
analysis
systems
and
programma-c
explora-on

Collec-on
and
distribu-on
of
informa-on

 NO
MAD

Nam
Jun
Paik
Museum
Seoul


Program
based
on
rela-onship
to
site
topologies
which
determine


interior
and
exterior
poten-als.



Varia-on
in
structural
skin

Responds
to
inner
and
outer
order.


Rela-onships
to
site
analysis
systems
and
programma-c
explora-on

How
can
an
expanded
surface
become
opportunis-c?


Occurrence
territory/Appropria-on


Spa-al
specificity
–
transi-onal
space

EFFEKT
Architects
X‐SITE
‐
BUILDING
C

Denmark


Ac-vity
generates
a
Performa-ve
surface
suspended
as
a
valley

between
programma-c
elements.


Occurrence
territory/Appropria-on

Yokohama
Port
Terminal


FOA


The
produc-on
of
a
con-nuous
and
differen-ated
surface
as
a


strategy
for
nego-a-ng
between
programma-c
zones.


The
space
between
spa-al
sec-ons
determine
the
transforma-on
of
form.


Circula-on
and
ac-vity
territories
become
intertwined.


Spa-al
specificity
–
transi-onal
space

What
is
the
opera-on
of
programming?

Sequencing


Layering


Aggrega-on


Varia-on


Folding


Grada-on


Hybridiza-on

BIG
architects

Tallinn
City
Hall



Sequencing

 The
Cooper
Union


Morphosis
Architects


Layering

Seadle
Public
Library

OMA


Aggrega-on

 Eriksen
+

Skajaa
Architects


Europan
10
–
winner

Haugerud
Oslo

Varia-on

Flowing
Gardens

Plasmastudio



Xi'an
Interna-onal
Hor-cultural
Expo
2011


Landscape


“The
project
proposes
a
hybrid
of
both
natural
and
ar-ficial
systems.

These
two
opposing
systems
are
brought
together
in
a
synergy
of

waterscapes.



The
built
volume
is
interwoven
with
the
ar-culated
ground,
producing

con-nui-es
on
many
levels
so
that
landscape
and
building
become

completely
integrated.


Flowing
Gardens
unfolds
many
sinuous
paths,
crea-ng
a
network
of

intermingling
circula-on,
landscape
and
water.



Folding

The
given
topography
and
its
exis-ng
slopes
were
used
to
draw
out
the
paths
in
a
way
similar
to
how
roads
ribbon
around
a
mountain,

nego-a-ng
steepness
with
gradients.



These
paths
vary
in
width
ranging
from
main
walkways
and
arteries
to
towpaths.
The
patches
between
these
paths
become
the
zones
for
various

plan-ng
types
and
wetland
areas,
which
retain
a
quality
of
ease
of
maintenance.

Highline


Diller
Scofidio
and
Renfro


Grada-on

“The
aim
for
this
design
for
the
Taipei
Performing
Arts
Center
is
to

create
a
world‐class
urban
experience
defined
by
hybrid
urban

environments
not
tradi-onally
associated
with
performing
arts

theaters.



The
three
theaters
are
woven
together
by
way
of
an
elevated

Concourse,
crea-ng
a
unified
whole
which
has
significant
presence
in

the
city.



The
Concourse
is
a
bridging
element
which
acts
as
circula-on
for
the

theaters
but
also
as
a
commercial
zone
which
includes
lively
urban

ac-vi-es
such
as
shopping,
restaurants,
bars,
and
other
public

ameni-es”.



Tom
Wiscombe


Hybridiza-on