Introduction to EMBEDDED SYSTEMS SHIBU K V= coe Objective Questions 67 Review Questions 69 Lab Assignments 71 Characteristics ancl Quality Attributes of Embedded Systems 3.1 _ Characteristics of an Embedded System _7> 3.2 Quality Auributes of Embedded Systems 74 Summary 79 Keywords 79 Objective Questions _80 Review Questions] Embedded Systems—Application- and Domain-Specific 4.1 Washing Machine—Application-Specific Embedded System _ 43 42 Automotive — Domain-Specific Examples of Embedded System 85 ‘Summary 89 vords 90 Objective Questions _90 Review Questions 91 Designing Embedded Systems with 8bit Microcontrollers—305 1 5.1___ Factors to be Considered in Selecting a Controller_93 5.2 Why 805) Microcontroller 94 going with 80S) 94 54 The 6052 Microcontroller 155 SS 8051/52 Variants 155 Summary 156 Keywords _157 Objective Questions _158 Review Questions 161 Lab Assignments 162 Programming the 8057 Microcontroller 61 Different Addressing Modes Supported by 8051165 6.2 “The A051 Instmiction Set 71 Summary 196 Keywords 197 Objective Questions 197 Revie tions 202 Lab Assignments 203 Hardware Software Co-Design and Program Modelling R 92 7.1__ Fundamental Issues in Hardware Software Co-Design 205 7.2 Computational Models in Embedded Design _207 73___ Introduction to Unified Modelling Language (UML) _2/4 ‘T4__Hardware Software Trade-offs 2/9 Summary 220 10. Contents Keywords 221 Objective Questions _222 Review Questions 223 Lab Assignments 224 Part? Design and Development of Embedded Product Embedded Hardware Design and Development. 8.1 Analog Electronic Components 229 8.2 Digital Electronic Components _ 230 8.3 VLSI and Integrated Circuit Design 243 84 Electronic Design Automation (EDA) Tools 248 §.5___How to use the OrCAD EDA Tool? 249 8.6 Schematic Design using Orcad Capture CIS_ 249 8.7 The PCB Layout Design 267 8.8 Printed Circuit Board (PCB) Fabrication 268 Summary 294 Keywords 294 Objective Questions 296 Review Questions 298 Lab Assignments 299 Embedded Firmware Design and Development 9.1 Embedded Firmware Design Approaches 303 9.2 Embedded Firmware Development Languages 306 93 Programming in Embedded 3/8 Summary 371 Keywords 372 Objective Questions 373 Review Questions 378 Lab Assignments 380 Real-Time 2ratiny item (RTOS) based Embedded System Design 10.1 Operating System Basics 382 10.2 Types of Operating Systems 386 103 Tasks, Process and Threads 390 10.4 Multiprocessing and Multitasking 402 105 Task Scheduling 404 10.6 Threads, Processes and Scheduling: Putting them Altogether 422 10.7 Task Communication 426 108 Task Synchronisation 442 109 Device Drivers 476 10.10 How to Choose an RTOS 478 Summary 480 Keywords _ 481 Objective Questions 483 302 381Review Questions 492 Lab Assignments 496 ! 11. _An Introduction to Embedded System Desi VxWorks and MisroC/OS-I RTOS 2 Micm(/OS-0 804 | Summary S41 Keywords $42 Objective Questions $43 Review Questions 544 Lab Assignments 546 12.__ Integration and Testing of Embedded Hardware and Firmware 12.1 Integration of Hardware and Firmware 549 12.2 Board Power Up _ 553 13._The Embedded §; 13.2 13. Summary 554 Keywords 554 Review Questions 555 em ent Environment The Integrated Development Environment (IDE) 557 ‘Types of Files Generated on Cross-compilation Disassembler/Decompiler 597 13.4 Simulators, Emulators and Debugging 598 Target Hardware Debugging 606 13.6 Boundary Scan 608 Summary 610 Keywords 61! Objective Questions 612 Review Questions 612 Lab Assignments 613 14. Product Enclosure Design and Development 14.1 Product Enclosure Design Tools _6/6 142 "Product Enclosure Devel Techniques 616 143 Summary 6/8 Objective Questions 620 Review Questions 620 15. The Embedded Product Development Life Cycle (EDLC) sa 3 154 What is EDLC? 622 Why EDLC 622 Objectives of EDLC 622 Different Phases of EDLC 625 498 61s a Contents 15.5 EDLC Approaches (Modeling the EDLC) 636 Summary 641 Keywords 642 Objective Questions 643 Review Questions 644 16, Trends in the Embedded Industry 645 16.1 _ Processor Trends in Embedded System _ 645 162 Embedded OS Trends 6 163 Development Language Trends _648 164 Open Standards, Frameworks and Alliances 657 165__Bottlenecks 652 Appendix I: Overview of PIC and AVR Family of Microcontrollers and ARM Processors 653 Introduction to PIC® Family of Microcontrollers 653 Introduction to AVR® Family of Microcontrollers _ 657 Introduction to ARM® Family of Processors 664 Appendix II: Design Case Studies 669 1. Digital Clock 669 2. Battery-Operated Smartcard Reader 699 3. Automated Meter Reading System(AMR) 70/ 4. Digital Camera 703 Bibliography 706 Index 79