The Tamarind Book of Lithography: Art & Techniques Garo Z. Antreasian PROFESSOR OF ART, UNIVERSITY OF NEW MEXICO with Clinton Adams DEAN, COLLEGE OF FINE ARTS, UNIVERSITY OF NEW MEXICO TAMARIND LITHOGRAPHY WORKSHOP INC., LOS ANGELES HARRY N. ABRAMS, INC., PUBLISHERS, NEW YORK 1971iNTRODUCTION / 13 PART ONE CHAPTER 1 DRAWING A LITHOGRAPH 1.1 Planning a Lithograph /19 1.2. Selecting a Stone /19 13 Characteristics of Stones /20 14 Leveling the Stone /20 1.5 Grinding the Stone /20 1.6 Preparing to Work on the Stone /26 1:7 Preliminary Work on the Stone / 28 118 Making the Image on the Stone /29 1.9. The Nature of Crayon and Tusche /29 1.10 Crayons and Pencils /29 LAL Rubbing Crayon /34 112 Tusche and Its Uses /34 1.13. Making Solid Blacks / 37 1.14 Tusche Washes / 4 115 The Use of Tusche with Additives /41 116 Spatter Work and Airbrush Techniques / 47 1.17 Subtractive Techniques /52 1118 Stop-outs and Resists / 52 119 Lift-offs and Blottings / $4 1.20 Completing the Drawing / 54 CHAPTER 2 PROCESSING THE STONE 2.1 Prooessing the Drawing/ 55 22. Factors That Govern 23 Etching Solutions / $9 . 34 Methods of Etch Mixing and Application / 60 2'5. Prooedures for Control of Etches 60 3.6. The Function of Rosin and Tale / 66 Contents 2.7 Materials and Equipment for Processing the Stone / 66 28 Preparing the Stone to Receive the First Etch / 67 29 The First Etch / 67 2.10 The Washout / 8 2.11 Asphaltum and Comelin / 69 2.12 The Roll-up /70 2.13 Control Factors during the Rollup /71 2.14 Preliminary Proofing after the Rollup / 72 2.15 Corrections after the First Etch /72 2.16 The Second Etch /73 2.17 Applying the Second Etch /74 CHAPTER 3 ‘THE ARTIST AND THE PRINTER 3.1 The Collaborative Relationship /75 3.2 The Economics of Collaboration / 84 13.3 The Printer and His Assistant /84 CHAPTER 4 PROOFING AND PRINTING 4.1 Preparing for Printing /87 42. Choice of Papers for Proofing and Printing / 88 43 Choice of Inks for Proofing and Printing / 88 44 The Proofing Process / 88 45 Paper Positioning /95 46 Correcting the Image during Proofing /97 47 Removing Work by Picking, Scraping, Scratching, and Honing /100 48 Altering Work by Acid Biting /100 49 Adding Work by Counteretching | 101 410 The Bon @ Tirer Impression | 102. 4.11 Printing the Eaition / 103 4.12 Considerations Affecting the Siz of the Edition | 109 4.13 Some Common Printing Problems nd Their Remedies | 110 4.14 Antitint Solution (Stone Cleaner) /112CHAPTER 5 AFTER THE EDITION IS PRINTED 5.1 Signing and Numbering the Edition /113 5.2 Designation of Proofs /114 33 The Printer's Mark /114 ‘5.4 Recording the Edition / 117 ‘S$ Storage and Care of Original Prints /117 ‘5.6 Practices in Matting and Framing / 119 CHAPTER 6 METAL-PLATE LITHOGRAPHY 6.1 Metal Plates in Lithography / 123 Differences between Stone and Metal Plates / 124 Relative Merits of Zinc and Aluminum / 124 Plate Sizes and Gauges /129 Graining Metal Plates /129 ‘Counteretching Metal Plates | 134 ‘Drawing on Metal Plates / 136 ‘Crayon Drawings /140 ‘Tusche Solids and Scumbles / 140 6.10 Tusche Washes / 140 S611 Peau de Crapaid| 140 7.11 Pinhole Systems of Registration /198 712 The Key Drawing / 204 7.13 Key Impressions and Chalk Offsets /204 7.14 Details of Drawing and Processing / 205 7.15 Characteristics of Color Inks / 205 Mixing Color Inks /206 7.17 Proofing and Printing Color Lithographs / 206 7.18 Procedures in Proofing / 207 7.19 Psychological Factors Relative to Proofing /213 7.20 Physical Problems in Proofing / 213 7.21 The Choice of Paper for Edition Printing /217 7.22 Printing Editions of Color Prints /218 7.23 Metal Plates in Color Printing / 221 24 Advantages and Disadvantages of Metal Plates for Color Printing /221 7.25 Registration Techniques on Metal Plates /221 7.26 Precautions for Color Printing on Metal Plates /224 7.21 Printing More Than One Color Simultaneously / 224 CHAPTER 8 ‘TRANSFER LITHOGRAPHY ‘The Transfer Process /227 Advantages and Disadvantages of the Transfer Process / 227 Transfer Papers / 228 ‘Types of Coated Transfer Paper / 228 Drawing on Transfer Paper / 232 Rubbings or Frottage / 232 ‘Other Typical Drawing Techniques on Transfer Paper /233, Collage Processes / 237 8.9 The Steps in Making the Transfer / 238 8.10 Dampening Uncoated Paper for Transferring /238 8.11 Arranging the Backing Sheets for Transfer / 238 812 Preparing the Stone to Reseve the Transfer /240