ENTREPRENEURSHIP TRAINING INSTITUTE

PROGRAMME: CERTIFICATE IN EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION

END OF 2ND SEMESTER EXAMINATIONS
LEVEL 100
COURSE TITLE: PRE-READING ACTIVITIES
COURSE CODE: ECC 122
DURATION: 2 HOURS
SERIES: DECEMBER, 2018

INSTRUCTIONS: ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS (60 MARKS)

SECTION A: MULTIPLE CHOICE

(10 MARKS)
Instruction: Answer this section on the question paper. Circle the correct option.
1. The ability to differentiate one object, letters and words from another in reading is called
A. visual memory
B. visual sequencing
C. auditory discrimination
D. visual discrimination

2. The ability of pre-school children to remember what the eyes have seen is referred to as……….
A. visual memory
B. visual sequencing
C. auditory discrimination
D. visual discrimination

3. Arranging pictures or symbols in such a way that they form a story or pattern is known as………
A. visual memory
B. visual sequencing
C. auditory discrimination
D. visual discrimination

4. The ability to hear differences in letter sounds and words is known as…………………………
A. visual memory
B. visual sequencing
C. visual discrimination
D. auditory discrimination

5. The point at which the child is ready to begin the process of learning to read is known as………
A. reading readiness
B. phonemic awareness
C. language readiness
D. reading ability

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6. When one eye becomes weak and no longer moves with the other eye, this condition is known as…
A. Strabismus (Squint)
B. Myopia (Short Sightedness)
C. Hypermetropia (long sightedness)
D. Astigmatism
7. A condition due to the refractive power of the lens of the eye being too strong thus focusing the
image in front of the retina and producing blurred vision is known as
A. Strabismus (Squint)
B. Hypermetropia (long sightedness)
C. Astigmatism
D. Myopia (Short Sightedness)

8. A condition caused by the lens of the eye having a weak refractive power so that the part of focus is
in fact behind the retina is known as
A. Strabismus (Squint)
B. Hypermetropia (long sightedness)
C. Astigmatism
D. Myopia (Short Sightedness)

9. A defect caused by uneven curvature of the lens of the eye resulting in distortion of the image. For
example a circle may appear as an eclipse is known as
A. Astigmatism
B. Strabismus (Squint)
C. Hypermetropia (long sightedness)
D. Myopia (Short Sightedness)

10. When a teacher teaches students to use parts of written words they already know to identify new
words, that teacher is using…………………………………………….method.
A. Analogy Phonics
B. Analytic Phonics
C. Synthetic Phonics
D. Embedded Phonics

11. Teaching students to analyze letter-sound phonics relations in previously learned words to avoid
pronouncing sounds in isolation is known as………………………. method.
A. Analogy Phonics
B. Embedded Phonics
C. Analytic Phonics
D. Synthetic Phonics

12. Teaching students phonics skills more implicitly and incidentally by embedding instruction in text
reading or short story is known as………………………. method.
A. Analogy Phonics
B. Embedded Phonics
C. Analytic Phonics
D. Synthetic Phonics

13. Teaching students to segment words into phonemes and to select letters for spelling those
phonemes (i.e., spelling words phonemically) is known as………………………. method.

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 A. Phonics through Spelling
B. Embedded Phonics
C. Analytic Phonics
D. Synthetic Phonics

14. When "c" is followed by "e, i, or y," it usually has the …………………of "s."
A. soft sound
B. hard sound
C. neither hard nor soft sound
D. none of the above

15. When "g" is followed by "e, i, or y," it usually has the ………………………..of "j."
A. hard sound
B. soft sound
C. neither hard nor soft sound
D. none of the above

16. A consonant digraph is two or more consonants that are grouped together and represent a ………
sound.

A. single
B. double
C. triple
D. silence

17. When a syllable ends in a consonant and has only one vowel, that vowel is ……………….
A. long
B. short
C. neither short nor long
D. none of the above

18. When a syllable ends in a silent "e," the vowel that comes before the silent "e" is ……………
A. long
B. short
C. neither short nor long
D. none of the above

19. When a syllable has two vowels together, the first vowel is usually …………….and the second
vowel is silent.
A. short
B. long
C. neither short nor long
D. none of the above

20. When a vowel is followed by "r" in the same syllable, the vowel is ………………………
A. short
B. long
C. neither long nor short

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 D. none of the above

SECTION B: TRUE/FALSE (5 MARKS)

Instruction: Indicate whether the statements below about the structural pattern of speech in the early
years is true or false. Answer this section on the question paper. Circle the correct option.

21. At 18 months, nouns and interjections make up 60% of the child’s utterances.
A. True
B. False

22. At 2 years, the child’s sentence has 12 words, states simple requests and description and the
sentence lacks auxiliaries, articles, connectives and prepositions.
A. True
B. False

23. At 2-3 years, child’s speech consists mainly of nouns, verbs, adjectives, a few pronouns and hardly
any connectives.
A. True
B. False

24. At 3-4 years, child’s distribution of parts of speech in his conversion approximate that of adults.
A. True
B. False

25. At the age of 4, children cannot use complete sentences 6-8 words long, complex and complete with
plurals past and future tenses.
A. True
B. False

26. Language development is not influenced by both innate or biological abilities as well as
environmental factors.

A. True
B. False

27. The behaviourist theory deals with connections or associations that are formed among stimuli and
responses.
A. True
B. False

28. Vygotsky believed that language is both genetically determined and environmentally influenced.
A. True
B. False
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 29. The quality of the child’s sight (visual acuity) should not be a priority for the teacher to check at the
pre-reading stage when the child first comes to school.

A. True
B. False

30. Pre-reading activities does not provide considerable support and are very helpful in fostering
reading abilities in children.
A. True
B. False

SECTION C: RESTRICTED RESPONSE (25 MARKS)

Answer this section on the question paper
1. In a sentence or two, summarise the language learning theory of B.F. Skinner. (2 Marks)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

2. Name the three components of Vygotsky’s theory. (½ Mark each)

i………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

ii………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

iii………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

3. State three ways a pre-school teacher could foster bilingualism in a child. (½ Mark each)
i………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

ii………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

iii………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

4. State three problems militating against the use of mother tongue as medium of instruction in
Ghanaian schools. (½ Mark each)
i……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………..

ii……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………….

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 iii……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…….……..

5. The five abilities and skills a pre-school teacher should develop in pre-school children to prepared
them for formal reading are: (½ Mark each)
i………………………………………………………………………………….

ii…………………………………………………………………………………

iii……………………………………………………………………………….

iv………………………………………………………………………………

v……………………………………………………………………………….

6. List five language activities a pre-school teacher can use to encourage pupils to practise listening
and speaking. (½ Mark each)
i………………………………………………………………………………….

ii…………………………………………………………………………………

iii……………………………………………………………………………….

iv………………………………………………………………………………

v……………………………………………………………………………….

7. List five reading readiness skills a pre-school teacher should develop pre-school children. (½ Mark each)
i………………………………………………………………………………….

ii…………………………………………………………………………………

iii……………………………………………………………………………….

iv………………………………………………………………………………

v……………………………………………………………………………….

8. List the five skills a jolly phonics pre-school teacher should develop in the pre-school children.
(½ Mark each)
i………………………………………………………………………………….

ii…………………………………………………………………………………

iii……………………………………………………………………………….

iv………………………………………………………………………………

v……………………………………………………………………………….

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 9. List the first five sets of Jolly Phonics letter-sound grouping. (½ Mark each)
Set 1: …………………………………………………………………….
Set 2: …………………………………………………………………….
Set 3: …………………………………………………………………...
Set 4: …………………………………………………………………....
Set 5: ………………………………………………………………….…

SECTION D: LESSON PLANNING (25 MARKS)

Answer this question in the answer booklet
10. Explain the meaning of the following terms:
i. Minimal Pairs (1 mark)
ii. Phoneme (1 mark)
iii. Grapheme (1 mark)
iv. Onset (1 mark)
v. Rime (1 mark)
Total (5 Marks)
11. As a KG 1 teacher, you are supposed to teach the letter- sound /S/.
Required: Write the following components for your lesson:
i. Relevant previous knowledge 2 marks
ii. Lesson Objectives (2) 4 marks
iii. Core points (2) 4 marks
iv. List of teaching and learning materials (at least 2) 4 marks
v. Lesson introduction and teacher/learner activities ( at least 3) 6 marks

TOTAL 20 MARKS

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