2011 July - iii

Editor in Chief

Buddhika Chandradeepa Kurera

bckurera@fossuser.lk
නව වර , ඔබ ෙවත . . . .

Editors නැවතවතාව FOSS User සගරාෙව තව කලාපය ම ඔබ

හ ම ඉමහ ස ට . ෙමම කලාපය ද ෙන ෙය වැදග
Ramindu Deshapriya දෑ සම දහස් කාංග ඉස හා ව ෙගන මසකට
වතාව ඔබ ෙවත ඉ ප කරන FOSS User සගරාව නවතම
rdeshapriya@fossuser.lk
වර ඔබ හ වට ෙගන ඒමට හැ ම බද ස වන
Kalpa Pathum Welivitigoda අතරම, ඒ සදහා සහාය FOSS User සගරාෙව කා යය
ම ඩලයට හා අෙන සහාය සැමට ස් ය නැ මට
callkalpa@fossuser.lk කැමැ ෙත .
Maxtina Fernando ලාං ක දහස් කාංග බද මාධ යය ආවරණය ලබා ම
ෙමම සගරාෙ ධාන අර ණ . එෙසම දැ ම ලබා මද තව එ
maxtinafernando@gmail.com
අර ණ . ඒ සදහා දහස් කාංග ච ත මට ෙවෙහෙසන
Ravinda Senarath සැමෙ සහෙය ගය ලැ ම අත ාවශ යය ෙදය . එ සා ඔබ
සං ධානය කරන ඉස හා වැඩසටහ හා එෙලසම දහස්
ravindasenarath@gmail.com කාංග හා ස බ ධ ඕනෑම ෙත ර ර අප ෙවත ද නවා
එව න. ඒ සදහා මාධ යය ආවරණය සැප මට අප සැම ට
දාන .
Assistant Editors
එෙලසම ඔබෙ සහෙය ගය, අදහස් අපෙවත ලබාෙදන ෙම ද
Amindri Udugala කා කව ඉ ලා . ය ස බ ධතා සදහා
info@fossuser.lk ඊෙ නය භා තා කල හැක.
amindriudugala@fossuser.lk
එෙලසම කතෘ ම ඩල සාම කය ෙදෙදෙන වන ර ෙ ශ ය
Thanuje Ashwin Nallaperuma හා අ උ ගල, ෙමවර Google Summer Code වැඩසටහන
සදහා ෙ ප ම ඔ ලබාග වැදග ජය හනය ෙලසම
thanuje@gmail.com
දහස් කාංග සදහා ලබාෙදන සහාය ම වනබව
අපෙ හැ ම .

Technical Services සැ තැ බ මස ෙයෙදන දහස් කාංග නය සැම මට

ෙවෙහෙසන ය ම ෙදනා හට භ පත , තව හරබර
Kasun Indika කලාපය , මස ඔබ හ ෙ බලාෙප ෙර ව ෙපරද
kasunindika@fossuser.lk ෙක ට ෙගන ෙමම සටහන අවස කර .
 2011 July - iv

Cartoon of the Issue

By Indiwaree Fernando
 2011 July - 06

Hanthana Linux 14.5

“Hanthana Linux DVD is a live disk meaning that you can boot your PC from the DVD, can use Hanthana
Linux as it is installed on your hard disk (although it may be a little slow as it is read via the DVD drive), and
once you are done you can just quite and the happy news is that this process will have no effect on your
installed operating system if there is any.”

By Kalpa Pathum

Hanthana Linux team is proud
to present Hanthana Linux 14.5
(Gagana), a milestone of Hanthana
project. This is the first DVD version
release of the distro and the vast
collection of applications inside range
from games for kids to circuit simulation
applications for undergraduates. This
release is also enriched with
documentation on installation and FAQ
which are burnt to the DVD itself.
Hanthana Linux DVD is a live
disk meaning that you can boot your PC
from the DVD, can use Hanthana Linux
as it is installed on your hard disk
(although it may be a little slow as it is
read via the DVD drive), and once you
are done you can just quite and the
happy news is that this process will have
no effect on your installed operating
system if there is any. As this is a DVD
release, there are a lot of applications
included for you to make your work
easy. As Hanthana Linux 14.5 is a remix
of Fedora 14, all the applications that
are there in Fedora 14 are there on
Hanthana Linux. GNOME and KDE4 are
both there to choose as desktop
environments. GNOME Shell which is still
developing and to be shipped with
GNOME 3 is also there for you to
experience.
Hanthana Linux supports mp3
and video formats out of the box. Skype
is installed by default. Educational
applications including Tux Maths for

kids, Kalzium for advanced level
students, octave for engineers are there
to assist in studies. A set of applications
dedicated to electronics will do your pcb
designs, circuit diagrams, simulations
etc.
Get bored? A list of games are
for you to choose. Scribus for desktop
publishing, GIMP for graphics designing,
Blender for 3D animations. Apart from
the default applications in Fedora, Pidgin
to chat, TeamViewer for remote
desktop applications are there to let you
connect with the rest of the world. Not
only OpenOffice but also applications
like GNUCash and HomeBank will
assist you in office. When it comes to
programming, languages like python,
java, ruby along with IDEs and other
tools are available. A set of sound and
video applications will fulfill your
multimedia requirements. Wine is there
to emulate Windows applications. These
are only a few applications that are
there on Hanthana Linux DVD. A lot
more are out there for you to explore.
Open Office Writer, Calc and Draw
Hanthana Linux 14.5 DVD iso
can be downloaded from
www.hanthana.org, send a mail to
info@hanthana.org with your location so
that we can look for someone nearby to
deliver you a copy. You can even buy
Hanthana Linux 14.5 DVD for a
maximum retail price of Rs.100. At the
time of this writing the copies for sale
2011 July - 07
are only available in Kurunegala and
Minuwangoda. We try to expand the
network so that you can buy a copy from
your town. However the project will
receive no money from the sales.
Gimp
Once you get a copy of the
DVD boot your PC from the DVD. To do
this you need to set DVD drive as the
first boot device or you have to select
the DVD drive to be the first boot device
when the PC boots. In a few seconds
you will be automatically logged in to
Hanthana Linux desktop. You can
explore the operating system there and
if you wish to install Hanthana Linux to
your hard disk, a well described step by
step installation guide and a FAQ
document in both Sinhala and English
languages are there in HanthanaDocs
directory in the desktop for you to
assist. Follow instructions there.
User feedback is highly
required for the further development of
the project. Please forward any
comments or suggestions about the
release/project to
feedback@hanthana.org. Any issues
related to Hanthana Linux can be
answered by forwarding them to
http://groups.google.com/group/hantha
na-community
 2011 July - 08

Google Summer of Code

Program 2011
By Amindri Udugala

ෙ වසෙ Google Summer of Code ෙහව GSoC වැඩසටහන ආර භ ය කාලය ෙ වන ට ගත

ෙබනවා. FOSS User සගරාව, ෙමවර වැඩසටහනට ෙ ප පෙදෙන සමග සදරක ෙය නා. ධ
වෘත ෙ ත මෘ කාංග ව ාපෘ සමග එක ව GSoC වැඩසටහන හා ස බ ධව න ලාං ක අත ෙදෙන
සමග පැවැ සාක චා ඔබ ෙවත ෙගන ඒමට ෙමම කලාපෙය අප බලාෙප ෙර වනවා.

උමශා පවලනාත ය ෙමවර GSoC මම ෙමවර Apache PhotArk ව ාපෘ ය

සහභා වන, ෙම ර ව ශ්ව ද ා ය අවස වසර සමාජගත මට අංගය එක ම කර ලබනවා.
ය . ඇය ඉ ද හැ වැ ඇ ෙත යාපනෙය ය. ඇ ෙත ම ෙමය මෙගම අදහස . ඒ වෙ ම ෙ
අදහස ෙග ඩනැ ෙම අවස්ථාව මටම ලැ ම ෙල
වාසනව .
අධ ාපන කට වලට අමතරව ඔබ රත වන බා ර
යකරක හා කැම ෙ ව ෙම නවද? ෙමය ඔබ GSoC සදහා සහභා වන ථම වතාවද?
නව තා ෂණය ගැන ඉෙගනගැ මට ,
ව වහා ක ප ෙ ෂණ ගැන ය මට , ෙ ෙදවැ වතාව . ප යඅ ෙද OpenMRS
අ ත ජාලෙය සැ සැ මට , ෙක කතා හා ස්වයං ව ාපෘ ය සමග වැඩ කලා
ච තාපදාන ය මට කැම .
ඔබ GSoC සදහා අය කෙ ඇ ? ඒ වෙ ම ෙ
ඔබ සහභ වන ව ාපෘ ය ගැන යම සදහ සදහා අය මට ගැ ෙහ ව සදහ
කෙල ? කෙල ?
 2011 July - 09

ෙම ර ව ශ්ව ද ාලෙය ෙපර ව ෂ වල ෙ සදහා

සහභා ෙග අන ඝ අ දැ ගැන
ඇ ෙම ප ව මට ඕෙන නා එ
ෙක ටස්ක ෙව ෙව න

GSoC ඔබට ලැ අ දැ ගැන යම

පවස න

ෙම සහභා වය මෙ තා ෂ ක
ෙම ම අ ත ගල සබදතා බද සලතා
උනා. දහස් මෘ කාංග ගැන උන වද වැ නා
වෙ ම ෙල කය රාම ඇ ක ඩාය සමග
වැඩ ෙම අවස්ථාවද ලැ නා. ෙමම ෙග ඩ නගා
ග නා ගල ස බ ධතා අධ ාප ක ෙම ම
වෘ මය ෙලස වැදග ෙවනවා.

ඔබෙග අෙන වැඩ සමග GSoC වැඩ

කළමණාකරනය කර ගැ මට අපහ තාව ඇ
ලංක ෙක ශල
නාද?

නැහැ. මම වැ ර කාලය ගත කෙ ව ාපෘ ය

ලංක ෙක ශල , GSoC වැඩසටහනට
ගැන ෙහ ද අදහස ලබා ගැ මට වෙ ම ෙහ ද සහභා වන ෙම ර ව ශ්ව ද ාලෙ අවසාන වසෙ
ෙය ජනාව ය ඉ ප මට . ප ය වසෙ
ෙව . ඔ ෙග උප ගම මාතරය.
GSoC සදහ දැ සහෙය ගය සා ඉ ප කල
අන ඝ ෙය ජනව ය සා , අ වා ෙය ම ඒ සදහා
අධ ාපන කට වලට අමතරව ඔබ රත වන බා ර
ෙ ෙරන බව දැනෙගන යා. එම සා මම එ වැඩ
යාකාරක හා කැම ෙ ව ෙම නවද?
ආර භ කෙ ය ත නට පල ව .
මම මාතර රා ල ද ා ය මලල ඩා
ඔබ FOSS වලට කැම ඇ ?
ක ඩායමෙ සමා කෙය ව යා. දැ
ශ්ව ද ා ය ෙස ක ක ඩායෙ උප නායක ෙලස
ෙලස FOSS සමග වැඩ ම ම ප
කට කරනවා. අ ත ශ්ව ද ා ය ම ට
කා නව වෘ මය ෙලස කට ෙ ෙහ ද
ෙප ව ද ෂතා සදහා 2008, 2009, 2010 ව ෂ වල
වහල ලැෙබනවා.
ව ණ ලැ ෙයනවා
GSoC සදහා ෙදවතාව සහභා ය ෙලස,
ෙමම වැඩසටහන සදහා ගැහැ ළ ෙ
ඔබ සහභ වන ව ාපෘ ය ගැන යම සදහ
සහභා වය ගැන ඔබ ම ද ත ෙ ?
කෙල ?
මම ද න අ ද ෙමවර ලංකාෙව සහභා
මෙග ව ාපෘ ය ම කර ලබ ෙ
ව ෙන ගැහැ ළ 3 ෙදෙන පමණ . ෙමය
phpMyAdmin මෘ කාංගෙ භා තාව වඩා පහ
සහභා වන ගණ ශතය . මම
ම . ෙම සදහා ajax behavior, jquery වැ
ෙමය අවස්ථාව කරග නවා ෙත ර තා ෂණ
තා ෂණය ෙය දා ග නවා.
ෙෂ ෙ ය ය ට 2012 වසෙර GSoC
සහභා මට ආරධනා මට.
ෙමය ඔබ GSoC සහභා වන ථම වතාවද?
ඉ ව ෂ වල සදහා සහභා මට බලාෙප ෙර
2010 වසෙ SahanaORC ව ාපෘ යට
වන අෙන ට, ඔබට මට ඇ ෙ ම ද?
අ බ ධව කට කලා.
මෙ මතය අ ව ඩා ෙවෙහස දරා GSoC
ඔබ GSoC සදහා අය කෙ ඇ ? ඒ වෙ ම ෙ
සදහා ස බ ධ ය හැක . ඒ වෙ ම තම උන ,
සදහා අය මට ගැ ෙහ ව ම ද?
ය කරන අංශය ව පෘ ය ෙත රාග න. GSoC
වැ වැඩසටහ සදහා සහභා මට ලැ ම ඔබට මට ෙ ගැන දැන ගැ මට ලැ ෙන ශ්ව ද ලෙ
ෙ ධ මං ෙප වර කර ඇත.
ෙ ෂ්ඨ ෙග හා අචා යව ෙග . මම ෙ
සදහා අය කෙ ජාත තර ෙලස ලැෙබන
ගැ ම සා , මෙ දැ ම පරාසය වැ කර
ගැ මට ක ම අවස්ථාව ලැෙබන සා ය.

GSoC ඔබට ලැ අ දැ ගැන යම

පවස න
 2011 July - 10

GSoC ම ලැ ව නාම අ දැ ම තම
ෙල කෙ ධ FOSS ක ඩාය සමග වැඩ මට
ලැ ම. ෙෂ ෙ නය ඇ මට ලැ ම ,
FOSS ක ඩායම ල හැ ය ආකාරය ගැන ,
නව ත ෂණය ඇ මට , කාල මාව ල
ව ාපෘ ය හැ ර ය ආකරය ගැන ව නා
අ දැ ස ලැ නා

ඔබෙග අෙන වැඩ සමග GSoC වැඩසටහෙන

කා යය කළමණාකරනය කර ගැ මට අපහ තාව
නාද?

ඔ සමහර ට අපහ තාව ෙයනවා. න මම

කල වැඩ ඛතාව ට අ ව සකසා ෙගන
ෙයනවා. ෙකෙස ෙහ , ස ෙය නවල ෙවනෙත
වැඩ ෙම , GSoC සදහා ස යකට පැය 40
පමණ කාලය ෙව කර ග නවා. රංග කස් ර න

ඔබ FOSS වලට කැම ඇ ? ෙහ මාගම ප ං රංග කස් ර න,

වැ ලව ත IIT ආයතනෙය , මෘ කාංග ඉ ෙ
FOSS ම ධ සංක ප හා දැ ම ෙබදා අංශෙ ඉෙග ම ලබන ෙදවැ වසර ෙව .
ගැ මට ව . ෙල කෙ FOSS ව ාපෘ
ෙබ ෙහ මය ෙයනවා, ට පවා ෙම ව ාපෘ වල අධ ාපන කට වලට අමතරව ඔබ රත වන බා ර
වැඩ කර න ව . තවද FOSS මෘ කාංග, අප යකරක හා කැම ෙ ව ෙම නවද?
පදවන මෘ කාංග සදහාද ෙන ලෙ භා තා
මට හැ . මම ය මට සහ මට කැම .ෙක ළඹ රජ ය
හෙ ර ක ඩායමටද මම සහෙය ගය
ඉ ව ෂ වල සදහා සහභා මට බලාෙප ෙර ද වනවා.
වන අෙන ට, ඔබට මට ඇ ෙ ම ද?
ඔබ සහභ වන ව ාපෘ ය ගැන යම සදහ
මම තනවා ලංකාෙ සැම ෙව ටම කෙල ?
GSoC ජය හනය ලබාගැ මට ශ ය ෙයනවා
යලා. න ෙබ ෙහ ෙදෙන යවර තබ න මම එ ව යාකර ෙ openMRS ව ාපෘ ය
බය . ඒ තම සා ථක ෙය ජනාව ය ඉ ප ම. සමග . එය ෙව පව න රට වලෙස ඛ
එය මට අවසාන ෙම ෙහ ත ෙවන ෙත ඉ න එපා. ආර ෂන ප ධ සදහා සහෙය ගය ද වන
GSoC පට ගැ මට මාස 2කට ව ක , ඔබ වැඩ ව ාපෘ ය . මෙ ව ාපෘ ය ම openMRS
මට බලෙප ෙර වන ආයතනය සමග ව ාපෘ ය ව ාපෘ ෙය ද ත ව ගය ෙක ටස්
ගැන සාක චා කර න. එම ව ාපෘ ය මට අවශ මට , නම ම එම එම ව ාපෘ ෙ
දැ ම ඔබ ස බව ඔ ට ෙප ය ය. එ ට අර සා ෂා කර කරගැ මට සෙය ගය
සැකෙය ම GSoC සදහා ඔබ ෙත රා ග ඇත දැ මට ෙමම බලාෙප ෙර වනවා.

ෙමය ඔබ GSoC වැඩසටහනට සහභා වන ථම

වතාවද?

ඔ ,න එය ඉතාම මා ලව සැලැස්මකට
අ ව කර ෙදය

ඔබ GSoC සදහා අය කෙ ඇ ? ඒ වෙ ම ෙ
සදහා අය මට ගැ ෙහ ව ම ද?

ෙමවැ ව ාපෘ යක වැඩ ෙක ට එය සා ථකව

ම ම, ඇ ෙත ම මෙ ද ෂතා ඔ ම .
ජාත තර ෙත ර තා ෂණ නය අතර ෙහ ද
නම ඇ කරගැ ම , GSoC වැඩ ෙම
ලැෙබන දල , GSoCසදහා අය මට ෙහ
නා.

GSoC ඔබට ලැ අ දැ ගැන යම

පැව ෙව ,
 2011 July - 11

ඇ ෙත ම එය මාකාර අ දැ ම . ෙබ ෙහ
ෙත ර තා ෂණ ෙෂ ෙ යාවකට
මට උන ව ෙන එම ලැෙබන අ දැ
ස භාරය සාය. න GSoC ම ලැෙබන
අ දැ ඒ සමග සසද න න බැහැ. උදාහරණය
ෙලස OpenMRS ධ ෙෂ වල ණය වැඩ
කරනවා. ඔ පව වන ඉතාම හරව සාක චා ම
ඉෙග මට ඇ ෙ ෙබ ෙහ . මෙ ව ාපෘ
උපෙ ශක, ෙල කෙ ඉතාම ධ ෙත ර
තා ෂණ ආයතනයක ව ාපෘ කළමණාක ෙව . ඔ
සමග වැඩ මට ලැ ම ඇ ෙත ම ශාල
වාසනාව .

ඔබෙග අෙන වැඩ සමග GSoC වැඩ

කළමණාකර ය කර ගැ මට අපහ තාව ෙබද?

නැහැ. අ ත ජාලය ල ක ෙන ගත කරන

කාලය කපාහැ ට එය එතර ෙදය ෙන ෙ . GSoC
වැඩ ම කාල කළමනාකරණය ගැන ෙහ ද
අවෙබ ධය ලැෙබනවා.

ඔබ FOSS වලට කැම ඇ ?

ආ යාව ෙත ර ෙෂ ෙ දැවැ තෙය

ව , FOSS ස බ ධෙය ඉ ෙය ෙන
ෙර ය රටව ය. මම තනවා ෙමය ෙවනස් කල
කාලය හ යලා. ෙම සදහා අපටම කැප වැඩ
කර න ව .

ඉ ව ෂ වල සදහා සහභා මට බලෙප ෙර වන

අෙන ට, ඔබට මට ඇ ෙ ම ද?

GSoC ධාන අර ණ ව FOSS සදහා

උන කර ම . ෙබ ෙහ ෙදෙන ත ෙන තම
ව ාපෘ ය අදාල කාලය ල ම ෙම ප ව
ය ල ඉවර යාය. න අදාල ආයතනය සමග
තව කාලය වැඩ ම කල ෙ . න
සමහ ත ෙන GSoC ය ෙද දල ඉප ෙ
මා ගය යාය.

තවද, GSoC ඉ හසය ල ලංකාවට වැදග

තැන ෙබනවා. න ය ෙව GSoC
ව ාපෘ ය අතරමග නවතා දැ වෙහ එ ලංකාවට
ව ෙන ශාල අප ය . එම සා ඔබ කවදාහ
GSoC සදහා ෙ නෙහ එය සා ථකව ම කර න
වග බලාග න.
 2011 July - 12

bash shell scripting

“දහස ෙ මට ඔබට දහස ලැෙබ ෙ LINUX වල ම පම . ෙබ ෙහ ගලය LINUX භා තා මට දැ
උන ව දැ ව , ඒ සමග ලැෙබන ෙමම දහස උප මෙලස මට න , අ වා ෙය ම shell scripting ගැන
දැනගත ය. අද ට ඇරෙබන ෙමම ෙපල ම FOSS User පාඨක ඔබෙවත එම දහස උප මෙය ලගාකර ම අපෙ
අර ණ .”

by Thanuje Ashwin Nallaperuma

ඔබ ෙකතර ප ගණක ප ධ භා ත කර කල හැ . පහත ප සටහන ම ෙමය තව රට

ෙබනවාද? , ඔබ ආ කෙය ෙන ෙ න එය පැහැ කරග .
අ වා ෙය ම එකකට වඩා වැ ය . ෙම ඔබ
ඔබට ඇවැ ෙලස තම භා ත කරන ප ධ ය ෙම දැ ෙව ෙ LINUX ප ධ වල
සකස්කරගැ මට ෙකතර වාද? , ෙම ක සකැස්ෙම සරල ප සටහන . ෙම
Kernel ය ප ගණක ප ධ ය . ඔබ භා තාකරන
සකස්කරගැ ම ය wallpaper ෙහ theme
Applications ය ල kernel එන ප ගණක
ෙවනස් ම ෙන ෙ .
ප ධ ය සමග ස බ ධ ව ෙ shell හරහා .
ෙම Applications, ඔබ සහ ප ගණක ප ධ ය
උදාහරණය ෙලස ඔබට ර start
අතර වන පා ශවය ෙලස යාකර . shell
button එක ෙව වට ෙක හැඩෙය ෙහ scripting වල ව ෙ ෙමම වන පා ශවය
ෙක ණාකාර start button එක අවශ යය න , ඉව ෙක ට ඔබ shell එකට ධාන ලබා ම
ඔෙ ප ධ යට ඇ වන ගල ෙ න ම සෘ වම ප ගණක ප ධ ය හා ස බ ධ ම .
ලැ ස් ව ඇ වන ෙ ලාව සමග save
කරගැ මට අවශ යය න , terminal එක open වන
ට ඔබට ඔෙ නම එ ෙප මට අවශ යය න , ආ
දහස ෙ මට ඔබට දහස ලැෙබ ෙ
LINUX වල ම පම . ෙබ ෙහ ගලය LINUX
භා තා මට දැ උන ව දැ ව , ඒ සමග
ලැෙබන ෙමම දහස උප මෙලස මට න ,
අ වා ෙය ම shell scripting ගැන දැනගත ය.
අද ට ඇරෙබන ෙමම ෙපල ම FOSS User
පාඨක ඔබෙවත එම දහස උප මෙය ලගාකර ම
අපෙ අර ණ .

shell scripting එෙස නැ න shell

script එක ය එ තරා ආකාරයක
programming language එක ෙලස සරලව
සදහ කල හැ . තව සරලව සදහ කෙල
ප ගණක ප ධ ය සමග ප ඩ වමා කරගැ මට
භා තා කරන භාශාව ෙලස සදහ LINUX ප ධ වල ක සකැස්ෙම ප සටහන
 2011 July - 13

LINIX වල සැකැස්ම ය ෙවනමම හැදෑ ය myscript ධානය ලබාෙද න.ෙමම ෙග ව ඔබට

ඉතා ගැ ෂය පථය ව ඒ බදව සරල අවශ යය ඕනෑම ස්ථානයක ස්ථාපනය කලහැ න
අදහස ඉහත පැහැ මම ඔබට ලැෙබ ඇත. එය ඔබෙ Home directory ල ස්ථාපනය
දැනට shell scripting සදහා ඔබට එම දැ ම කර ෙ න වඩා පහ ව ඇත. ඔබෙ Home
මාණව ෙ . directory එක ලට යාම සදහා ~ ෙලස ෙය දා
Enter කර න. දැ ඔබ සදහ කල න
LINUX ප ධ ය ල shell ව ග ෙග ව මාණය vi editor එය වෘතව
පය ම ද නට ලැෙ . BASH ( Bourne- පව . අන ව i ය ර ඔබ න. දැ ඔබට ෙග ව
Again SHell ), C shell , TCSH ඉ edit කල හැ . ඉ ප පහත සදහ අ type
පය . $cat /etc/shells ධානය කර න. අන ව Esc ය ර ඔබ න. අවසානෙ
භා තා මම ඔබෙ ප ධ ය ල පව න shell wq! ෙය දා enter කර න.
ව ග බද දැනගත හැ .
ඔබ ඔබෙ පල shell script එක යා
ෙමෙලස shell ව ග පය ම ද නට අවසාන .
ලැ න ෙ වෙ යාකා වය ෙබ ෙහ ෙස
සමානෙ . ෙමම ෙපල පාදක ඇ ෙ BASH #!/bin/bash
shell ඇ ෙර . ඔබ දැනට ෙවන shell ව ගය echo "Unauthorized access strictly
භා ත කර ෙ න terminal එෙක $bash prohibited ! "
ධානය ලබා ම ම ඔබට BASH shell ලට
ඇ ය හැ . ඔබ දැනට භා තා කරන shell ෙම #!/bin/bash ම ප ගණකයට
ව ගය දැනගැ ම සදහා $echo $SHELL ධානය ඔබ භා තා කර ෙ BASH shell එක බව සදහ
භා තා කල හැ . ම කර ලබ . අන ව echo
"Unauthorized access strictly prohibited!
"ම ඔබට අවශ යය ප ඩය terminal print
කර ලබ . Unauthorized access strictly
prohibited! ෙව වට double quotation ල
ඔබට අවශ යය ඕනෑම ෙදය සදහ කල හැ .

ෙමම shell script එක run මට ථම

එයට ඒ සදහා ප ධ ය ම අවසර ලබා ය .ෙ
සදහා $chmod 777 myscript ධානය
ලබාෙද න.

chmod ධානය ෙය දාගෙ LINUX වල

File Permission ෙවනස් ම සදහා . chmod
ධානය ගැන ස ස්තරා මක පැහැ ම ඉ
කලාපයක ඉ ප ෙකෙර ඇත.

shell scripting සදහා භා තා කර ෙ දැ ෙමම shell script එක run ම සදහා

terminal එක වන අතර ඔබ ඒ සදහා නෙය ම terminal එෙ ./myscript ෙලස ධානය
අවශ යය ෙන ෙ . ෙමෙත කල ඔබ terminal ලබාෙද න. ඔබ සකස්කල ෙග ව ස්ථාපනය කෙ
එක භා තා කර ෙන මැ න ෙමම ෙපල ඒ සදහා Home directory ෙන ව ෙවන ස්ථානයකන
ආර භය ලබාගැ මට ෙහ දම අවස්ථාව . ./ වලට ප එම ස්ථානය සදහ කර න.
උදාහරණය ෙලස ඔබෙ ෙග ව ෙබ ෙ
ඔබෙ ම shell script එක ම සදහා
Home directory එක ල ඇ myprograms
දැ ෙ ලාව පැ න ෙ . ෙ සදහා ම
න directory එක ල න
terminal එක වෘත කරග න. ෙමම shell script
./~/myprograms ෙලස ධානය ලබාෙද න.
එක ම සදහා ෙග ව එන file එක ම
terminal එක open කරන ට ෙමම shell script
මාණය කරගත . ෙමම ෙග ව myscript
එක run කරවන ආකාරය බදව ලග කලාපෙය
ෙලස න කර . ෙ සදහා terminal එෙ vi බලාෙප ෙර ව න.
 2011 July - 14

Interview
“You can build such a device in your own as now you have an old working computer
in hand. First of all you have to check your requirements; in most cases Pentium 3 CPU
with good amount of memory will do the job. Even using a Pentium 1 with 128MB RAM
has proven to be working well in my case.”

Interviewed by Ramindu Deshapriya

Mr. Jayantha Fernando, Program Computer Crimes Act (2007) and

Director/ Legal Advisor at the advised the formulation of the Payment
Information and Communication Devices Frauds Act of 2006 and Payment
Technology Agency (ICTA) of Sri Lanka, & Settlement Systems Act of 2005. He
is the foremost authority in the subject was also one of the architects of key
of how Law and Software go together in institutional models that resulted in the
Sri Lanka. He was actively involved with establishment of the ICT Agency, to
the “e-Sri Lanka Development Project” implement e-Sri Lanka, as well as Sri
from the very inception, as a member of Lanka CERT.
the Steering Committee of the design
team, and then joining the FOSS User Magazine managed to
implementation team. He was have a interview with Mr. Fernando on
instrumental in driving some of the key some key points with regard to Software
policy and legislative reforms, most Licensing and how it affects software, as
notably the drafting of Electronic well as how FOSS licensing works.
Transactions Act (2006),
Could you briefly describe how IP
law applies to software?

If I were to give you an overview,

Mr. Jayantha Fernando
with a bit of history, in the early days,
when software was being first
developed, software was part of the
massive mainframe computers that were
shipped along with the computer itself.
As the computer became smaller and
more personal, and became used across
different organizations for different
activities, software became a tool that
was used on a day-to-day basis. At this
time (in the late ’70), lawyers, backed
by IT companies, were looking at how to
economically protect software. When
those discussions started, there were 2
theories; one, to follow the patent
approach. The other was to go with
copyright. However, firmware, which

was going in a chip, was going under
patent. These patents documented the
software (firmware) as part of the
Integrated Chips that were using them.
Therefore, firmware was already going
through the patentable process.
Therefore, some countries still allow the
patenting of software. These days, the
only software that is generally patented
are those which incorporate some
mechanical moving parts.
While this was going on, the lawyers
tried to understand what was going on in
software. After getting some young
developers to walk them through the
process of software creation. The
lawyers were told that at a certain point
the design idea of the software is
converted in to machine-readable code.
From this the lawyers understood that
writing code is similar to writing a
storybook, another form of an
expression of an idea. According to that
line of thinking, copyright was the best
way to protect software. However, most
countries were still allowing both patent
and copyright for software.
The interesting thing is that
copyright does not protect an idea. It
only protects the form of expression of
the idea. Therefore, if copyright were
applied to software, it is the code written
in the relevant programming language
that is protected. This is known as the
idea-expression dichotomy.
Eventually, the problem of whether
to use copyright or patenting for
software became an international trade
issue and it was taken up by the World
Trade Organization (WTO). One of the
Multinational Agreements that member
nations had to sign was TRIPS (Trade
Related access of International Property
rightS). Under Article 10 of this
agreement, it is stated that copyright is
2011 July - 15
the internationally recognized method
for the protection of software. There was
unanimous agreement that this should
be how it is done. This was due to the
fact that if software were patented, the
novelty of the software would be
protected by software. In that case,
whenever someone else were to develop
a software that made use of this
novelty, it would become a patenting
issue. People were very angry about this
(especially Richard Stallman and his
group) and they protested against the
patenting of software in Europe. This led
to the unanimous decision in 2005 that
the best way to protect software is
copyright.
However, because of the idea-
expression dichotomy, the same idea for
a software can be implemented using a
different programming language, or
different design scheme, without
violating copyright. This has led to the
creation of Non-Disclosure agreements
by IT companies to make sure that their
employees do not go and implement the
company's software at a rival
organization.
In Sri Lanka, software copyrighting is
mentioned under the Intellectual
Property Act as the method of protecting
software. According to this, software
protected under copyright law cannot be
duplicated, but you can keep one copy
for archival or retrieval purposes (e.g.
keeping a copy of Windows to install if
your hard disk gets formatted). It
further states that the use of the
software or copying of it is dictated by
the terms of the license agreement. This
leads us to Open-Source Licensing.
What are the legal implications you
see in developing software under
a FOSS license?

There are various categories of
licensing available.
When we talk about FOSS (Free and
Open Source Software) licenses, there is
one fundamental thing that you should
keep in mind, and that is that the
original creator of the software that is
released under a FOSS license, has not
released or abandoned their ownership
rights. For example, if you look at
OpenOffice, you get a copyright notice.
If you look at Mozilla license, you get a
Mozilla Inc. copyright notice. So whoever
develops and releases the software owns
it. They expect the copyright notice to
be respected. In order to make sure that
their rights are protected, you have to
look at the type of license that was
used. The conditions of use are in the
license, and in most cases, the software
developer retains the ownership rights.
What the end-user gets is to use the
software under the terms and conditions
outlined in the software license.
Therefore the license is a form of
contract.
The main factor in an Open-Source
license is that, unlike in proprietary
license schemes, you get certain rights
built-in with regard to how you can use
the source code. Open-Source licenses
are benchmarked by an international
body called OSI (Open-Source Initiative
– http://www.opensource.org), who are
considered as the authority who can
approve or reject any new Open-Source
licenses. There are 9 requirements that
a license must fulfill before it is
approved by the OSI. Therefore there
are a lot of attributes involved with
every FOSS license.
When developing under a FOSS
license, it is very important to pay
attention to the freedoms that are given
by the license. At one end, you get the
2011 July - 16
copyleft licenses, which include GNU/GPL
(General Public License). GPL states that
you are free to change the code of the
software which is released under a GPL.
However, the changed software must
also be released under the GPL. Towards
the other end of the scale, we have
other FOSS licenses which allow more
freedoms to the developer.
Towards the middle, you get the
Apache and FreeBSD licenses. These
licenses offer more freedom to anyone
who changes the code of the software in
terms of the license that they can use on
the changed software. At one point,
there was a problem with software
companies using code which came under
FOSS licenses in their software
unceasingly. After a great deal of
debate, it was decided that even with a
FOSS license, if you are re-releasing a
changed version of the code, you must
give credit to the original developer who
developed the code. However, there are
certain licenses still available that
specifically state that you are NOT to
give credit to the original developer if
you are re-releasing the code (this is to
take away liability from the original
developer).
Anyway, I would always advise any
developer to pay close attention to the
terms and conditions outlined in the
license that they are releasing their
software under, which I think most
developers in Sri Lanka are not doing
properly these days.
What is the government's stance on
open licenses?
Section 2 of the Government’s e-
Government Policy outlines that it is a
violation of the rights of the developer of
the software to use pirated software
(which is a big problem in Sri Lanka).
 2011 July - 17

Then we expand further where we important to have them sign a non-

indicate clearly the options available to disclosure agreement.
the Government when they’re
implementing IT systems. FOSS User Magazine would like to
acknowledge Mr. Jayantha Fernando
One option is to procure off-the-shelf for giving us this opportunity.
software. Then, they can modify existing
software (that could be Open-Source
software as well). The third option is to
build the software from scratch. We're
not specifically stating that the
Government should use Open-Source
software, but we advise them to take
their budget into consideration when
procuring IT solutions. We very
vehemently prohibit software piracy, so
the best case to keep the cost of
implementing an IT system down is to
use Open-Source software. However,
there is the fact that most Open-Source
software is maintained by a community
of developers, who are not under
obligation to fix any bugs that come up.
That is why we're taking a neutral
stance on this.

On the other hand, using proprietary

software would incur a license cost,
which you would not have to pay if you
were using Open-Source software.
Furthermore, when it comes to
replicating software implemented in a
Government organization, it would incur
a further license cost for proprietary
software.

Now, when considering the third

option of building the software from
scratch, the e-Government policy says
that two things can happen. You can get
an external software company to look at
the government organization's internal
systems and develop the software. But
this might be risky because the company
developing the software would get to
know how the government organization
works and use this knowledge to create
other saleable software. So it is
 2011 July - 18

Turn your old PC to a powerful Network

Attached Storage using FOSS
“You can build such a device in your own as now you have an old working computer in hand. First of all
you have to check your requirements; in most cases Pentium 3 CPU with good amount of memory will do the
job. Even using a Pentium 1 with 128MB RAM has proven to be working well in my case.”

By Prabath Ranasinghe (prabathbr@gmail.com)

The computers have evolved in server or even as a torrent downloader.

past decades as the processing power of
a PC has risen exponentially. As a result
of this, yet usable computers have
become obsolete. You may wonder how
can you scavenge your old computer for
a useful purpose. People have multiple
computers and other devices like mobile
phones, media players in their homes.
Since, the same data may be used by
these different devices; a central server
with large storage capacity can store the
data and serve to the device that
requests. Multiple copies of same files
can be eliminated as only one copy is
required. Hence, the storage space can
be saved. This central server can be
used as a web server, ftp server, media
It also saves electricity as it eliminates
usage of multiple devices to do these
things. This is the whole idea behind the
Network Attached Storage device.
You can build such a device in
your own as now you have an old
working computer in hand. First of all
you have to check your requirements; in
most cases Pentium 3 CPU with good
amount of memory will do the job. Even
using a Pentium 1 with 128MB RAM has
proven to be working well in my case.
The storage media and booting media
has to be installed to the PC. Usually, a
hard disk can be used to install the
operating system or even a USB flash

drive could be used if the PC has USB
booting option. A decent computer with
few SATA ports will be ideal as large
SATA drives could be used for the
Storage. Multiple drives can be used and
some can be used as backup drives for
the other drives (i.e. hard disk
mirroring). If you haven’t got a
computer with SATA, you can add a PCI
SATA card or USB to SATA converter in
order to use SATA hard disks.
The software to be used in the
NAS have to be considered. It should
run in a computer with minimal
processing speed and RAM in the first
place. Considering all facts, the
operating system called FreeNAS would
be ideal for a home user. It can be freely
obtained from http://freenas.org/
and it is released with BSD license. It
has many built in servers such as
Samba, Web, FTP, BitTorrent and
supports a large number of hardware
devices. FreeNAS is based on FreeBSD
and 3rd party software also can be used.
FreeNAS version 7.x can be used as it
supports booting from same hard drive
which is used as storage. FreeNAS
version 8.0 was released on May 2nd
2011 and it is not used by the writer to
date.
Figure 1:Console setup
The ISO file downloaded from the
FreeNAS web site should be burned to a
blank CD using any CD authoring
software. Then boot the computer using
it, after booting it will prompt a menu
and choose normal boot. It will continue
2011 July - 19
to boot and “Console setup” screen will
be shown (Fig.1). Now you can simply
install it using the option 9 and reboot
the PC after ejecting the CD. After
rebooting, you can set the desired IP
address for the NAS using option 2 on
console setup, else you can use DHCP in
your router to assign an IP address
automatically. Now the NAS can be
controlled remotely using a web browser
by browsing its IP address (ex:
http://192.168.1.3 )(Fig.2).Default user
name is admin and password is freenas,
remember to change this password after
login in.
Figure 2: FreeNAS webGUI
Now you have to configure
storage drives. First go to “Disk-
>Management” and click on the + sign
to add a new disk. Then give the
necessary information and click on “add”
and apply changes. You can format the
disk using Disks->format with desired
file system. You can't format the disk
with OS and you can proceed to next
step for that disk. Now you have to add
mount points by “Disks->Mount Point”
and apply the changes after adding
them(Fig.3).
Now you have a working NAS
server and you can access it's storage
using any OS. But before that, you have
to enable and configure desired services.
This can be done using Services menu.
 2011 July - 20

CIFS/SMB : A server to share files with

windows and linux clients
FTP : File Transferring server
DAAP : Music file sharing server,
Software like SongBird
(http://getsongbird.com/) can be used
to listen
BitTorrent : Torrent downloader

Figure 3: Mount points

First of all, configure and enable the

CIFS/SMB server which allows you to
store and retrieve files from other
PCs(Fig.4).You can add shares as you
wish such as folders or entire partitions.
You can configure other servers using
the same procedure.

Figure 4: Browsing storage from Windows PC

Figure 5: Web server in action

 2011 July - 21

Implementation of Cloud Computing and

how it will affect Sri Lanka
“Sometimes the future machines may arrive without an HDD where all the files are also stored in the
cloud. A simple ROM will contain all the information about the cloud OS and it will connect the system to the
cloud OS when the machine switched ON. !”

By Thurupathan Vijaykumar and Ramindu Deshapriya

All the hosted services available
in the Internet can be considered as
cloud computing. The rapid growth of
the Internet and the high availability of
the reliable networking infrastructure
brought the concept of cloud computing.
Cloud opens a new era of computing
experience.
Almost all the services we enjoy
in the Internet are cloud services such
as Internet emails, Social networks, File
Sharing and much more. Cloud service
are not only software, they cover the
infrastructure services and platform
services too.
This article discusses the various
uses and the business strategies of cloud
computing from the proprietary and the
FOSS (Free and Open Source Software)
point of view. The articles also gives a
brief description on the limitations and
the challenges of cloud computing.
which was initially developed in Sri
Lanka, has been moved to the cloud as
well.
Other than the above products
Google docs and Microsoft Office Web
App are free software services which are
used by majority of people in their day
to day business and personal activities.
Cloud computing has grown as a
platform where we can develop and
deploy our own applications. There are
propriety vendor based platforms such
as IBM cloud computing platform and
the Microsoft Windows Azure and open
source platforms like WSO2 Cloud,
Google App Engine, Eucalyptus and
SalesForce.

Mr.Welington Perera (Director,

DPE of Microsoft Lanka) and Mr.Mifan
Careem (CTO, Respere Lanka) will share
their thoughts and views on cloud
computing from Microsoft and FOSS
point of views respectively.

Cloud Computing Applications

We can see plenty of software in

the cloud. Microsoft has moved some of
its million dollar projects to the cloud,
such as SharePoint, Exchange and more.
Microsoft Dynamic CRM is fully cloud
based CRM solution. These services are
paid services. Sugar CRM and Compere
ERP are two major business projects
from the FOSS community. Though the Mr.Mifan Careem (CTO, Respere Lanka)
Sugar CRM is open source but it is not
free. Sahana, the world-famous open Windows Azure is a famous cloud
source disaster management system platform and used by plenty of

multinational industry giants like 3M,
CMA, T-Systems, Siemens and much
more. Windows Azure service is as a
utility service and powered with the
AppFabric for the service customization.
The Google app engine is used mostly by
mid-level organizations and university
students. However, enterprise features
are to be integrated in to the App Engine
by the end of 2010 which means that
major co-operations will also be looking
at hosting their applications on the
Google App Engine’s cloud
infrastructure.
Eucalyptus Enterprise Edition 2.0,
which is a paid service, has been used to
develop massive enterprise applications
by Other free cloud-based hosting
providers such as Kodingen have come
up during recent times.
IT infrastructures are delivered as
cloud services. Server, Storage, Network
infrastructures are few of them.
Microsoft SQL Azure is good example for
cloud storage service. SQL Azure is a
cloud based RDBMS where the physical
administration is handled by the
Microsoft. SQL Azure is a paid service.
An open source cloud-based
infrastructure solution is Eucalyptus
Enterprise Edition 2.0, which those who
are hosting applications on Eucalyptus to
make use of storage provided by Hewlett
Packard and Dell as well as virtualization
solutions (on which even Windows
Virtual Machines can be deployed) such
as VMWare.
Limitations and problems
When talking about the cloud
computing the major limitation is
bandwidth. Though we have Internet
connections with us they are much
slower to utilize the cloud with optimum
experience. Unfortunately neither the
Microsoft nor FOSS has any classified
plans or strategies to cater this problem.
Since they are service providers they
cannot handle the issue. The network
bandwidth has to be dealt with the
networking infrastructure not with the
cloud service providers.
2011 July - 22
Another concern of the cloud
computing is the security. This is mostly
argued when it comes to sensitive data.
How can we trust a third party cloud
provider to keep our data in their
datacenters? Here we have to go for our
own hardware implementation to keep
the data. Microsoft has recently
announced the Windows Azure
Appliance; which is a turnkey solution of
Windows Azure for large enterprises and
governments to leverage the Windows
Azure in their own datacenters.
Mr.Welington Perera (Director, DPE of
Microsoft Lank)
On the open source side, some
problems have come up with licensing.
The Affero General Public License
(AGPL), which declares that the stack of
the cloud application should be open to
the public as well, is a new license which
has been designed specifically for cloud-
based open source systems. However,
there is some debate as to whether
AGPL is the best solution and some
cloud hosting providers prohibit the use
of AGPL.
Srilanka and Cloud Computing
In the discussion with Mr. Mifan
Careem about the Srilankan government
projects on the cloud he said, “ICTA
which is the governing body for IT in Sri
Lanka is looking at cloud computing as a
means to disseminate information
among the citizens of the country as well
 2011 July - 23

as government agents. However, there availability of applications. As

are no projects that are being moved to
the cloud as of now. The infrastructure
to do this is available to ICTA.”
For the same question we got the
similar answer from the Mr.Welington
Perera and he told that currently there
are not any governments projects
hosted in the cloud.
Though we have high availability
of Internet connectivity in our country
we do not have a fully matured
networking infrastructure to enjoy the
cloud applications same as desktop
application speed. This is another issue
we have when moving to cloud based
solutions.
Cloud Operating Systems
Creating cloud operating systems
which have the power and the
functionality to replace the traditional
desktop operating systems is a
challenging task.
According Mr.Welington Perera’s
view it is very challenging to create a
cloud OS with the similar features and
the experience of a modern OS like
Windows 7, using the existing web
technologies. He added that even
though the web has RIA tools like AJAX,
Silverlight, Flash and ect.. it is very hard
to bring the real desktop experience
inside the browser. He also added that
we also should have a super-fast
Internet connection for not to feel the
delay.
infrastructure it ensures cost-
effectiveness and an efficient solution.
All together Cloud brings a new level
computing experience.
Both the propriety and the non-
propriety cloud service providers provide
variety of services that users can use.
These services vary from small text
editing application to high end multi-
user real time applications.
Cloud still has some issues such
as bandwidth, security and privacy. But
in the future Cloud computing will
dominate the entire computing world.
Imagine a computing environment
where we switch on a computer and it
directly connects to some cloud service
(cloud OS) and we do our work. The
local hard disk would be a mere storage
for files. We may store various types of
files where we view them through a
cloud OS. Sometimes the future
machines may arrive without an HDD
where all the files are also stored in the
cloud. A simple ROM will contain all the
information about the cloud OS and it
will connect the system to the cloud OS
when the machine switched ON. !

Mr.Mifan Careem also has the

similar idea. He told that moving to a
complete cloud OS is from the desktop is
more far from today. He also told that
now keeping the base in the desktop and
moving the applications to the cloud
would be the best way.

Conclusion

Cloud is the latest computing

revolution. As platform it has reliability
and scalability. It empowers the high
 2011 July - 24

KDE
“The K was originally suggested to stand for "Kool", but it was quickly decided that the K should stand for
nothing in particular. The KDE initialism is therefore expanded to "K Desktop Environment". It is preferred by
the people who want options everywhere in software and a great GUI environment that is little like windows
and Mac.”

By Apurva Tripathi

KDE is basically desktop version of Ubuntu which is pretty cool

environment in Linux distributions operating system.
founded because founder’s girlfriend
could not use those unexpected user KDE was founded in 1996 by
unfriendly desktops of Linux Matthias Ettrich. The KDE project started
distributions. The K was originally on October 14th 1996 with a call for
suggested to stand for "Kool", but it was
programmers in comp.os.linux.misc.
quickly decided that the K should stand
for nothing in particular. The KDE KDE software compilation mainly done
initialism is therefore expanded to "K in Qt framework with major part of C++.
Desktop Environment". It is preferred by
the people who want options everywhere KDE is an easy to use
in software and a great GUI environment contemporary desktop environment. It
that is little like windows and Mac. The brings a beautiful desktop with a
great thing about KDE is that it is desktop exhibiting complete network
extremely user friendly even where user transparency and consistent look and
is new to Linux. The desktop effects feel of all KDE applications. Plasma
make it cool and different from other desktop and panel makes it a
desktop environments. Kubuntu is KDE unbelievable user friendly.
 2011 July - 25

distributions. Moreover anyone can join

this community as its fun not to just
code but also show art work and
meeting smart guys.

This community helps and invites

students as they are the major part of
any development part of any code or art
creativity. Being a part of KDE is not just
about all the above stuff but it is also a
good gathering because KDE organize
talks and conferences and members of
this community provided fund for
attending and representing themselves
in there. It also organize code sprint on
world level in which students are invited
and funded by the KDE organization.

KDE also takes part in GSOC and

numbers of selected students are being
Matthias Ettrich almost about 50.

Facts about KDE: Recent KDE conference

 Standardized menu and toolbars,  KDE conf (R.V. College of

keybindings, color-schemes, etc. engineering , Bangalore , India)
 Internationalization: KDE is
available in more than 40
languages
 Centralized, consistent, dialog- Image was taken from kde.org
driven desktop configuration
 A great number of useful KDE
applications

Some KDE Software

 Konsole – Terminal Emulator

 Kwrite – Text Editor
 Kopete –Instant Messenger
 Dolphin – File Manager

KDE Community

The KDE® Community is an

international technology team dedicated
towards creating a free and user-friendly
computing experience. KDE is not just
about desktop environment it is much
more than that it’s a whole community
that is working together and creating
and coding such good apps for the Linux
 2011 July - 26

Fedora 15 නව ව
Fedora ෙමෙහ ප ධ ය වසරකට ෙදවර
නව සංස්කරණ කරනවා, ෙ වසෙ
මැ මාසෙ එ 15 වන සංස්කරණය
කලා.

GNOME 3.0 හා LibreOffice වෙ ම තව

වැඩසටහ ෙබ ෙහ මය අ ත ගතවනවා.

වැ ස්තර පහත සබැ ෙය ලබාග න

ව .

http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Rele
ases/15

භාගත කරගැ මට පහත සබැ යට

ෙස න.

http://fedoraproject.org/get-
fedora

Wikipedia ෙල ක උ ම ලැ ස් වට
Wikipedia ෙහව දහස් ශ්වෙක ෂය
UNESCO ෙල ක උ ම ලැ ස් වට එ
ෙ උ සහයක ෙ නවල Wikimedia
Foudantion ආයතන හා ඒ වටා ෙර
න ජාව ෙය නවා. ඔ ෙ
උ සහාය සා තක වෙහ ෙල ක
උ මය ෙලස එ වන ෙල ව ථම ට
අංගය ෙලස එය ඉ හාස ගත ව ඇ .

වැ ස්තර පහත සබැ ෙය ,

http://www.wikimedia.de/wiki/W
orldHeritage

GNOME 3.0 ෙ
GNOME නවතම සංස්කරණය වන 3.0
මෑතක ය. ෙමම සංස්කරණය
වැදග සං ස්ථානය බව එම ව ාපෘ ය
සදහ කර .

වැ ර ස්තර ලබා ගැ මට පහත සබැ යට

ෙස න.

http://library.gnome.org/misc/rel
ease-notes/3.0/
 2011 July - 27

Linux 3.0 හා 20 අ සැම ම

ෙමෙහ ප ධ අතර ල ය එනස
ඇ කල Linux ෙමවසෙ අ . 20 ස ර
ලැ වා. Linux ක නලෙය ද නව
සංස්කරණය වන Linux 3.0 සංස්කරණය
ෙ වන ට ෙබනවා. අ 20
ස ෙරන Linux එය සැම මට ෙමම
සංස්කරණය කල බව සදහ ෙවනවා.

පහත ෙව අඩ ෙය ෙ බද වැ ස්තර
වෙ ම නව සංස්කරණය භාගත කරගැ මටද
ව .

http://www.kernel.org/

MeeGo Phone
ෙල ව පතල Nokia සමාගම MeeGo
ෙමෙහ ප ධ ය ග නව ජංගම
රකතනය ථමවරට ෙවලද ෙප ලට
හ වා ෙබනවා. MeeGo 5 වන
සංස්කරණය ෙම අ ත ගත .

Nokia N900 ෙලස ෙමය න කර ඇ අතර

වැ ස්තර පහත සබැ ෙය ලබා ග න.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noki
a_N900

Software Freedom Day 2011

SFD ෙලස ච ත ෙමම නය ෙමවරද
සැ තැ බ මස 17 වන න සැම මට
Software Freedom International පදනම
දාන ෙවනවා.

වැ ර ස්තර ලබා ගැ මට පහත සබැ යට

ෙස න.

http://softwarefreedomday.org/
 2011 July - 28

SETT Browser
“ඇ තටම අ ෙම ක හ හදලා ඒක closed source කරල යාෙගන ෙය ඒක එත නතර ෙවනවා. එෙහම නැ ව වෘත ෙ ත හට අ
අය එ ක ෙබදා ග ෙත තව ෙග ඩා අය එක කරනවා වෙ ම ඒක භා තා කරලා තව මාණ කරනවා, අෙ ෙ ෙය දාෙගන නව ෙදය
තව ෙකෙන හදලා ෙයන එක තර ස ට ෙ ෙ ණලා ලබාෙගනන බෑ. ඒක ලබ න ව ව නා ස ට . ”

ජංගම රකතන සදහා ංහල සහාය මෑත වන ම කරලා ෙ ඉ යාෙ නව නගරෙය .

ෙ නැහැ. න එම ගැට ව ස මට සම ෙම බ අ ත ගතය (m-Inclusion) යන
මාණය ෙලස SETT Browser ය හා ෙ තනය කා ඩය යටෙ තමා ෙ ස මානය SETT browser
සදහ කර න ව . සදහා ලැ ෙ . ඇ ෙත ම ලංකාව ෙය ජනය
කර ස මානය ලබාග ත එකම ත ගලයා
ෙමම කලාපෙය අප එ මාතෘ ධ ක ෙ මම. ආයතනය ෙබ ෙහ මය සහභා නා.
ෙපෙ රා සමග සදරක ෙය මට අදහස් කරනවා. ඉ ඒ අත ත ගලෙය ෙලස ස මානය
ලබාග න මෙ මාණය සම නා.
ධ ක, ම පැහැ කෙල ෙමම මාණය
ගැන?

SETT Browser ෙලස ෙක ෙය හැ ෙව ෙන

Sinhala-English-Tamil Trilingual Browser යන
එක . ෙ Web Browser එෙක අ ට ංහල වෙ ම
ෙදමළ ෙව පැහැ ව යව න ව . ඒ
වෙ ම තම ංහල, ෙදමළ සහ ඉං භාෂා නම ඇ
තැ වල ව ඒ භාෂා ෙන ම ඇ ෙපළ (text)
එකවර වැර ව ෙප ව න ෙමම browser එකට
ව . ෙමම අ ත ජාල ගෙ ෂකය මාණය කරලා
ෙය ෙන Android ජංගම රකථන ෙමෙහ
SETT Browser එෙ ආර භය ගැන කතා කෙල ?
ප ධ ය සඳහා . Android ෙමෙහ ප ධ ය
යා මක වන ජංගම රකථනය ඔබ ස ව ඇ න ශ්ව ද ාලෙ ව ාපෘ ය හට තමා ෙ ක
ඔබට ෙමම Android app එක පහත දැ ෙවන ම ෙ ක පට ග ෙ . ෙ ෙවන ෙක ට ෙම
සබැ ෙය (link එෙක ) බාගත කරෙගන ස්ථාපනය ෙ තන ය ල ලබාග න ව හට වෘත ෙ ත
කරග න ව . පැ ම ෙලස කරලා ෙයනවා.
http://sett-browser.googlecode.com/ ඒ ය ෙ ෙ ක ස නෙය ම වෘත ෙ ත
මාණය ද?
ෙමම මාණය සදහා ඔබට ඇගැ ම වශෙය
ලැ ස මානය ගැන කතා කෙල . ඔ ඕෙනම ෙකෙන ට ෙ ෙ තන භා තාකර න
ව . ඉ යට ෙ මාණය වෘත ෙ ත ෙලස
mBillionth යන ද ආ යා ස මානය ෙ
තමා පව වාෙගන ය ෙ .
සදහා ලැ නා. ෙ උෙලල ෙදවැ වතාවට සං ධානය
 2011 July - 29

ෙමතර ව නා හා ෙය ජනව මාණය ඇ SETT browser ලග ව ගැන සදහ

වෘත ෙ ත හට කර න රණය කෙ ? කෙල ?

අද ෙවනෙක ට ජංගම රකතන සදහා ංහල පදන ලග ම SETT browser 2 කර න

කරෙගන හා ංහල අ ත ගත කරලා කාංග බලාෙප ෙර ෙවනවා. ඒ සදහා non-unicode සහාය
මාණය කර න ෙ ක ෙල බාධාව ෙවලා එ කර න , ෙද ෂ වැර කර න
ෙ . ඇ තටම ඒක ලංකාෙ ගා අයට න බලාෙප ෙර ෙවනවා. ඒසමගම ෙමම ව
ශ්නය . ඉ ඒකට යම හට තමා මම ෙ ංහල, ෙදමල භාෂා වලට අමතරව හා අෙන
මාණය කෙ . ෙ සදහා භා තා කර ංහල ද ඉ යා භාෂා වලට සහාය ද වන ෙලස වැ
Rendering Engine එක භා තා කරලා ඕෙනම මට තමා බලාෙප ෙර ව ෙ .
අෙය ට ංහල අ ත ගතය ෙයන ඇ ෙ ශ
හද න ව . මෙ ෙ මානය වෘත ෙ ත අවසානවෙශ ලබාෙද න ෙයන ප ඩය
හට කලාම ඕෙ ම ෙකෙන ට තම ෙ ෙම ක ද?
මාණ ල ඒක භා තා කරලා තම ෙ මාණය
කරග න ව . ෙ ෙවනෙක ට පෙදෙන ම ඇ තටම අ ෙම ක හ හදලා ඒක closed source
ෙමය භා තා කරලා ය ය සංව ධනය කරලා කරල යාෙගන ෙය ඒක ම එත
ෙයනවා. ඉ ඒක ඇ තටම ඉතාම ෙහ ද ෙදය . නතර ෙවනවා. එෙහම නැ ව වෘත ෙ ත හට
අ අය එ ක ෙබදා ග ෙත තව ෙග ඩා අය
එක කරනවා වෙ ම ඒක භා තා කරලා තව
මාණ කරනවා, අෙ ෙ ෙය දාෙගන නව ෙදය
තව ෙකෙන හදලා ෙයන එක තර ස ට ෙ ෙ
ණලා ලබාෙගනන බෑ. ඒක ලබ න ව ව නා
ස ට .

තව ෙදය සදහ කර න ව ෙ මාණෙ

ංහල භාෂාව සදහා තර ෙනෙ ෙදමල භාෂාව
සදහාද සහාය අඩං ෙවනවා ඉ ඒක ෙහ ද ල ණ
අ ංහල වලට වෙ ම ෙදමල භාෂාවලට එක තැන
ලබා ෙදනවා යලා ෙප න. ජා අතර එක කම
ෙල වටම ය න ෙ ක තව එක උදාහරණය
ෙව .

ද ඉ යාෙ ෙ ස මානය ලබාග තට පස්ෙස

ස ඛ සාක චා පයකට ෙප යා. ඒ අතර ර
පවා ස ඛ සාක චා පය සදහාද සහභා
නා. ඊට අමතර ලංකාෙ ලබා ථම ස ඛ
සාක චා ෙමය .

FOSS User සගරාව සදහා ෙමම අවස්ථාව ලබා ම

ගැන ස් ව ත වන අතරම ඔබෙ ය කට
සා ථක ෙ වා ය න අපෙ පැ ම .

සාක චා කෙ : ක ෙ රා

සකස් කෙ : මැ ස් නා නා
අ ක මම ෙ මාණය සදහා Android web browser
උපකා නා. ඒය වෘත ෙ ත ෙලස ඉ කෙ
නැ න මම තාම web browser ය පදවනවා
ෙව න ව .ඉ වෘත ෙ ත වල ෙයන බලය
එය . හදලා ෙයන ෙද එහාට තලා නව මාණ
කර න ව ඒෙක හැෙම ටම ෙසත
සැලෙසනවා. ඒ ස මම රණය කෙ ෙමය ගටම
වෘත ෙ ත ෙලස පව වාගැ මට.

අනාගත සැල ගැන සදහ කෙල ?

ඔ , ඉස්සරහට මම ෙප සමාගම පට ග න
කට කරෙගන යනවා. Localization සදහා
අවශ යය ෙසවා සපයන ආයතනය ෙලස තමා
පව වාෙගන ය න සැල කර ෙ . එ ෙව
අඩ ය ව ෙ www.bhasha.lk .
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උ මැදට දහස් හා වෘත මෘ කාංග

වැඩසටහනට එ ර ෙග ඩ කලාපෙ ෙත ර තා ණ ව ස

උ මැද පළාතට දහස් හා වෘත වැඩසටහන සා ථක කර ගැ ම සඳහා ඉවහ

මෘ කාංග හ වා ෙ වැඩසටහ පය කලාප ය.
අධ ාපන කා යාල වල සහය ඇ ව ඩ ෂ්ක
න මහතාෙ ක වෙය සහ ෙ ශෙ ෙප.ව. 8:30 ට ප.ව. 5:00 ද වා
ෙත ර තා ෂණ ව ෙ වැඩසටහ පැවැ අතර ය වැඩසටහ
සහභා වෙය ප ය මාස ෙදකක කාලය සඳහා ක කට ෙම ම ස බ කරණ
ඇ ලත යා මක ය. කට අ ර ර, අ ග ව, රාජා ගනය යාය 6
අ/අ ග ව යාය 6 ද ාලෙ ත මාර මහතා
ෙ අ ව අ රාධ ර ස් කෙ කරන ල .
ත ෙ ගම අධ ාපන කලාපය සඳහා 2011 මැ
මස 20 සහ 21 ෙද න ල එ පාවල ධ ථ
ද ාලෙ ද කැ ෙග ලෑව අධ ාපන කලාපය
සඳහා 2011 මස 08 සහ 09 ෙද න ල
මැදව ය ෛම පාල මධ මහා ද ාලෙ ද
සා ථකව වැඩසටහ පව වන ල .

ෙප ෙල න ව ස් කෙ
ර ෙග ඩ අධ ාපන කලාපය සඳහා 2011
මස 12 සහ 13 ෙද න ල ර ෙග ඩ ආන ද
බා කා ජා ක පාසෙ ද ලාගල අධයාපන
කලාපය සඳහා 2011 මස 15 සහ 16 ෙද න
ල ෙප / / ෙසවන ය මහා ද ාලෙ ද ෙමම
වැඩසටහ සා ථකව පව වන ල . ර ෙග ඩ
කලාපෙ වැඩසටහන සඳහා පාස ව
50කට ආස න මාණය සහභා ම කැ
ෙප . ඔ ය ෙදනා සඳහා ප ගණක
20 පමණ වැඩසටහෙ කට ආවරණය
මට ව ව ෙ උ න ව
 2011 July - 31

Events
Firefox 4, Release Parties
Firefox 4 Release Party, University of Moratuwa

On the 21st of May, the innovation that is Firefox 4 was brought to many at the
University of Moratuwa, where we find a lot of technologists by default anyway. The
Firefox 4 Launch and Demonstration Party was held with the participation of a large
amount of students from many universities. The event started at 10:30 am. Things were
started off with an introduction to what the Party was all about, which was, for a bunch
of friends to get together and talk about this great new software, make some new
friends and have some fun.

Next was a demonstration of all the snazzy new features offered by Firefox 4.
Kalpa Welivitigoda and Ramindu Deshapriya got together to do this demonstration using
the Firefox 4 Features page for a reference. Once all the features were displayed and
talked about, Keheliya Gallaba joined in the fray by giving us an exclusive peek into the
inner workings of Firefox 4 from a developer’s perspective, and this was highly useful
due to the fact that almost all those present at the party were ardent software
developers. To end the Party, we talked about the situation of Free and Open Source
Software in Sri Lanka, and how easy it is to get involved. We hope that we were able to
spark some interest in budding young FOSS developers who will change the face of
Software tomorrow, as Mozilla is doing today with the development of innovative
software such as Firefox 4.
 2011 July - 32

Finally we handed out the goodies so kindly provided to us by Mozilla, which was
the stage of the party which everyone was waiting for! 3 Lucky and innovative fellows
who interacted with us throughout the party were awarded with handy Firefox 4 side-
bags. We would like to give our heartiest thanks to all those who attended, and a special
thanks to Kalpa Welvitigoda, Keheliya Gallaba and Prabodha Dissanayake for their
unerring contribution towards the success of the Party. A very special thanks to
Danishka Navin (who is the ambassador for Firefox in Sri Lanka) for his assistance and
drive in helping to organize the party with us.

Reference http://lmakuthan.tumble.com Special thanks to Ramindu

Deshapriya for the event report.

Firefox Launch Party, IIT, Wellawatta

Another Firefix launch party was successfully held at IIT Wellawatta, on 24th May
2011. There were over 120 students who took part in the occasion.
 2011 July - 33

Due to exam schedules the attendance got low. But considerable amount of
students managed to participate the event. Some of the lecturers also managed their
time to participate the event even if they were busy with the lectures. The event was
held in the common room premises of the institute.

The Dean of the institute Prof. Alfred Perera, the Head of the Department Ms.
Naomi Krishnarajah, and the lecturers Ms.Udayangi and Ms. Luxmy Vivekanandhan were
also gave their fullest cooperation to make this event a success. The special credits go to
Danishka Navin, Kalpa Pethum and Thejo who participated as the resourced persons,
and without them this would not have been a success as they were presenting about the
launch of the new version. Thejo presented an interesting presentation on the “Mobile
Firefox”.

The students who participated in the event were more pleased with the Firefox
party pack which was distributed during the refreshments. As the occasion started at
4.30p.m it lasted for one hour. The time was flexible as there were some students who
are coming from the far places and also some had examinations on the following day.
But with in that short period of time everything was a success and also we got many
good comments from the participants.

Reference http://blog.malindaprasad.com Special thanks to Malinda Prasad for

the event report

.
 2011 July - 34

Android උපාංගය ංහල SMS යව ද?

“ෙ සටහ Android රකතන සදහා පද අ ම Android application එක බදව .එය Android මත ංහල භාෂාෙව ෙක ප ඩ
යව න අවස්ථාව ලබා ෙදන මෘ කංගය .”

මාණය කර SETT සරෙ ංහල render ම

සඳහා ෙය දාග නා ඇ ෙග තමය තම කා යට මනා
Android ය ෙ Smart phone ෙෂ ෙ වහල බව ක සහ අ ණ සදහ කරනවා.
ෙපර ය ඇ කර ෙමෙහ ප ධ ය . Android ඉ ෙ මෘ කාංගය ඔෙ Android උපාංගය මත
ය ෙ දහස් හා වෘත මෘ කාංග වල ස්ථාපනය කර ංහල SMS වල ආශ්වාදය අ න
සා ථක වය යාපාන තව ෙහ ඳ උදාහරණය ෙ . ෙලස ආරාධනා කරනවා.
සා අදAndroid මත ෙවනමම ෙවළඳෙප ල
මාණය ෙවලා යනවා .Android application වලට ෙමම වැඩසටහන ලබා ගැ මට පහත ෙල
යන ඉ ම සාම අද Android මෙ ඛකය ට අඩ යට ස ෙස න.
ඉහල ඉ ම යනවා.
Sinhala Epistle blog :
ෙ සටහන Android රකතන සදහා පද http://slandroid.blogspot.com/
අ ම Android application එක බදව .එය
Android මත ංහල භාෂාෙව ෙක ප ඩ යව න
අවස්ථාව ලබා ෙදන මෘ කංගය ෙ මෘ කාංගය තම .
“Sinhala Epistle”. Android මත තාම ංහල
ෙ ත සා ථකව පණය ෙව ෙන නෑ. ංහල )
ෙ ත ස්ථාපනය කල හැ න render ම
තාම 100% වැර ව ව ෙ නෑ.

ෙ ගැට ව ස මට ක යද ශන සහ
අ ණ ක ණාර න යන ෙක ළඹ ශ්ව ද ා ය
ප ගනක අධ ාපනායතනෙ උපා අෙ ෂක
ෙදෙදෙන ෙමම වැඩසටහන සංව ධනය ෙක ට
ෙබනවා. Sinhala Epistle හරහා ංහෙල SMS
යව න ලැෙබන SMS යව න හැ යාව
ෙබනවා ෙ මෘ කාංගය පදව .Application level
එකට ංහල සහාය ලබාගැ ෙ ෙම ර ව ශ්ව
ද ාලෙ ධ ක ෙපෙ රා Android සඳහා