Ruben Llamas - 20time Annotated Working Bibliography - 1403116

20Time Annotated Working Bibliography1

MLA Citation: Use EasyBib to develop an MLA citation and copy it here.
Mather, Mara, and Laura L. Carstensen. “Aging and Motivated Cognition: the Positivity Effect in
Attention and Memory.” NeuroImage, Academic Press, 8 Sept. 2005,
www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364661305002378.
Link to source: Share a link to the source below.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364661305002378
Summary: Describe the key points of the source, including at least three key quotes.
As people age, they tend to experience fewer negative emotions within their life. Strategic processes
in older adults memory might play a role in the aging process. “Older adults show more emotionally
gratifying memory distortion for past choices and autobiographical information than younger adults
do.” Older people seem to feel a lot more than the younger people. This could be because older
people have experienced more emotions and coped with those emotions a lot better than younger
people have. These older people have maybe also realised that there's more to life than just the
terrible moments. These people see that because your life started terrible, it doesn’t have to end that
way. “In addition, when shown stimuli that vary in affective valence, positive items account for a
larger proportion of older adults' subsequent memories than those of younger adults.” Adults seem
to remember more of the good things that have occurred to them in life. This is more proof that
adults tend to live much more positive lives than younger kids. Younger kids feel that because they
might be living their worst life now, that they will end up living bad in the future. This is never the
case because research shows that as you grow, you tend to become a more positive person. Many
people value life as they grow older because they see all the good things and not bad anymore.
Assessment: Evaluate how the source responds to your research question. What does this source
offer that other sources do not offer? Is the information reliable? How do you know? Is the source
biased or objective? What is the goal of this source?
This source offers me a good outlook on to why it is important for people to have hope in their lives.
The information presented talked about how emotions become better as time goes on. When you
become an adult. Life is suppose to become better physically and emotionally. The idea of becoming
a more positive person when you grow up is suppose to show kids that staying alive and fighting
through tough moments will be worth it in the long run. Google scholar is a helpful source for a lot of
reliable information. The authors both study this subject and have made multiple articles.
Reflection: How does this source fit into your research? Was it helpful? If so, how? How does it help
to shape your understanding of the controversy you are researching? How can you use this source
in your project?
This source fits into my research to help know what are peoples emotions towards being or not
being a positive person. As someone grows older, they become a more positive and happy person,
which can calm down the controversy of the idea that life gets worse as you grow older.

1
Adapted from Purdue OWL

Staff, Mayo Clinic. “How to Stop Negative Self-Talk.” Mayo Clinic, Mayo Foundation for Medical
Education and Research, 18 Feb. 2017,
www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/stress-management/in-depth/positive-thinking/art-20043950.
https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/stress-management/in-depth/positive-thinking/art-20043
950
“Indeed, some studies show that personality traits such as optimism and pessimism can affect
many areas of your health and well-being.” Being a much more positive person makes you more
likely to become optimistic about certain situations that you are put in. If people tend to be
pessimistic about things, they won’t learn positive skills. Having a positive mindset also puts you in
a position where if you are put in a difficult spot, then it is easy to overcome it because you already
have a positive mindset. This could also relate to having a growth mindset. “Positive thinking
doesn't mean that you keep your head in the sand and ignore life's less pleasant situations. Positive
thinking just means that you approach unpleasantness in a more positive and productive way.” A lot
of people think that being positive just means ignore the bad, but you need bad in order to create
good in life. People need to be able to learn from mistakes in order to succeed in difficult situations.
Benefits of being more optimistic include a longer life span, low rates of depression, and better
coping skills when stressed out. This can be done by just simply being in a situation where instead
of giving up, you ask yourself “how can I do better?”
Knowing the good effects of positivity gives my topic a lot stronger background information. Being
someone positive gives you a much better life. This source offers a lot better ideas as to why being
someone positive can lead a better life. All research has come from clinics that are approved by
doctors. The research is mostly biased towards people who need more positivity in their life, which
can be a good kind of biased to convince people to live healthier lives. The goal of this source is to
demonstrate and convince people why living more positive lives can be beneficial in the future and
fo you to grow as a human.
in your project?
This source was helpful in many ways. I was able to see the benefits of being optimistic and how
they were helpful for me to demonstrate to other people. This helps me in many ways to know what
areas I should target when I am speaking to people. I should ask if they are optimistic people or
pessimistic people. The source will be helpful to demonstrate to people the benefits of living more
positive lives, for example living much longer lives.

Janicke, Sophie. “How Positive Media Can Make Us Better People.” Greater Good, 27 Apr. 2016,
greatergood.berkeley.edu/article/item/how_positive_media_can_make_us_better_people.

https://greatergood.berkeley.edu/article/item/how_positive_media_can_make_us_better_people

“They also found that the meaningful movies elicited greater feelings of elevation among
respondents, which was expressed in a distinct set of emotional and physical sensations: feeling
happy and sad at the same time, a lump in one’s throat, tearing up, a rising or opening of the chest,
and chills.” The feelings of elevation are also linked with people doing a lot better things for other
people. They motivate people to become better people. “For positive media to have strong, lasting
effects on us individually or collectively, I believe we need to consume it consistently, over time, just
as eating right only once a week does not make us healthier.” Positivity is something that needs to
be practiced all the time, so it can become a habit. Positivity is not something you are born with, so it
takes time to learn and adapt to. If people want to become better people not just physically but
mentally, they need to make the first step on being someone kind or positive. People do and follow
what they see others do. In this case, if people see others being more positive, then they would want
to follow in their steps.
Being positive by seeing is one way that not many people think about. Learning a skill or lifestyle is
not something you can just be born with. This information offered me a different way of being able to
learn skills such as being nice to people, and how you can make it a habit. Coming from someone
with a phd, the goal of the source is to convince the reader to become someone more positive.
in your project?
Positivity being learned by just looking can be a good way to start a good path. This was helpful
because I personally never knew that media could have an effect on how you act when it comes to
being negative or positive. This source can be used in many ways. One way I plan on using this
source could be by experimenting with people I know. Showing them a movie or something on social
media could have an influence on them. I will be able to confirm is the idea of being able to visually
see positivity can be something useful.

Yaniz, Robert. “6 Small Ways to Improve Your Mood and Spread Positivity.” Rewire, Rewire, 30 Aug.
2018, www.rewire.org/our-future/improve-mood-spread-positivity/.

https://www.rewire.org/our-future/improve-mood-spread-positivity/
Different ways are shown on how to live a more positive life in a negative surrounding. “No matter
what stressors you’re currently facing, there’s always something to be thankful for.” Their is always
something to be thankful for in the world. Whether it’s your family, the things you have, or other
special people in the world. “All these methods can have an exponential positive effect, but the
most fundamental way you can make a difference is by reframing your own thoughts.” Thoughts
play a huge role in the way people see things in the world. Your mind is a powerful tool that can be
used in your advantage. “Most people are constantly mired by habitual negative thoughts, mentally
tearing themselves and others down without ever realizing it.” People need to practice good
thinking over any other thing. Having good thoughts is what will keep people sane and in a good
mood for future thinking.
The source offers good ideas on how to keep a healthy mind. Their is a list conducted by a reliable
source that explains ways to become someone more positive. The source leans to both ways on how
to deal with negative and positive feelings. The author does not deny the fact that there are a lot of
negative things and effects in the world that affect people. The author gives a good solution to fix the
situations that are done in the world to end world problems. In the end, the main goal of the source is
to help people with problems live a better life.
in your project?
This source fits into my research to show that positive thinking can be done by a lot of people and
can change the world. For example, being kind to people can lead to them being kind to others. This
then spreads and can inspire many people to change the world, little by little. This source helps me
in my project by showing me the new and unique ways to dealing with negative actions. This source
will be useful to know what I can do to help myself in a presentation to help people my age.

Maragou, Anastasia. “Negative Behaviour : 11 Ways to Be Less Negative.” Psych2Go, 20 Oct. 2017,
psych2go.net/11-ways-less-negative/.
https://psych2go.net/11-ways-less-negative/

In order to move on and be happy, people need to understand that you have to let go of negative
behaviour. “Dwelling on it, however, won’t help you grow as a person and can’t determine your
future. It’ll keep you locked in a perpetual cycle of repetition and unhappiness.” Remembering your
past and something that hold negative thought will not lead you to a better place in life. People need
to learn to get rid of toxic points in their life. “Learn to Accept Criticism About Yourself” Accepting
criticism is always hard to deal with. This can make you feel bad about yourself. In the end, none of
these words can really get to you if you don’t let them get to you. Words are just words and they hold
no value, especially if that person is ignorant and irrelevant. Being more optimistic in another way to
keep positive. Good thoughts lead to better thinking. If people limit themselves to bad news, or in
other words, negativity, then they will live a much more positive life in the end.
This specific source offers the opposite emotion, which is negativity instead of positivity. Instead of
trying to figure out how to be more positive, I thought of trying to figure out how to be less negative.
The source is from reliable sources that have been collected and used into one list. The source is
unbiased because of the different point of view it offers versus the other articles that have been
read.
in your project?
This source fits into the rest of my research in many ways. One specific way is because of the
oppistate ideas it gives to describes situation in a negative point of view. Someone trying to become
positive is most likely coming from a negative point in their life. This helps me shape my
understanding by showing me the different point of views and outcomes. In all, I can use this source
as a guide to help people who are lost and don’t know how to get out of their situation. In order to
understand someone, you have to know where they are coming from.

Buggy, Patrick. “6 Mindful Strategies for Dealing With Negativity.” Mindful Ambition, 18 July 2018,
mindfulambition.net/dealing-with-negativity/.

https://mindfulambition.net/dealing-with-negativity/

“You never know what someone else is going through in life.” Other people could be going through
a hard time in their lives. If you become negative to other people and don’t realize this, then it will
just make the other person mad and make them continue to become bad people. “Their negative
actions probably have nothing to do with you, they’re just expressing their negativity, and you
happen to be there to receive it.” “Self-awareness is the first step to prevent spreading negativity to
others. Without awareness of your negative mental state, you’ll be trapped as a victim of its reactive
ways.” Being self aware is a huge deal. If you are not aware with what you are doing and how you
are spreading your energy, then you can be the one who is making other people's lives miserable.
Instead of getting swept away by negative emotions, observe your emotional experience with
curiosity.
This source offers ways on how to avoid being the one who makes others feel negative. Most
sources offer people ideas that make them spread more positivity. Everyone in their life has made
other people feel less at one point or another, or have made fun of someone because of whatever
reason. The source is not biased in any way. The author gives the ideas that people tend to be mean
to others. The author here though gives ways on how you can improve as a person, which is always
helpful in a lot of situations.
in your project?
This source helps me in my project to give different perspectives towards what to spread and what
not to do. In many ways, this information is really helpful. It’s helpful because of the way it is worded.
The articles shows how people can not be someone negative and how they can avoid spreading it
into other people. In a way, it is related because in order to spread more good, their can’t be any
bad. In order for not bad to happen or at the very minimal, then educating people about negativity
will be the first step.

Hanson, Rick. “Changing Negative Thoughts.” Dr. Rick Hanson, Foundations Team, 15 June 2018,
www.rickhanson.net/changing-negative-thoughts/.

https://www.rickhanson.net/changing-negative-thoughts/

“You can deliberately be aware of both positive and negative material, so that the positive will
connect with the negative.” Keep making the positive feelings stronger than the negative ones while
being aware of both of them at once. After a dozen or more seconds, let the anxiety go and stay with
the feeling of being cared about for another dozen seconds or so. If the person does not feel as if it
is working and that anxiety is still there. This means that the feeling is still their. The emotions are still
there in the end. “Still, as beneficial as this infusion of positive into negative is, research indicates
that it can sometimes merely “overwrite” the negative material without actually erasing it, like a pretty
picture painted on top of a grim older one.” Because one is thinking about something else in the
moment, people tend to forget about what they were even going through in the beginning. In all, the
point is to just forget what is going on in the situation, and ignore it.
This sources offers me different ways on how to get rid of negativity. The article coming from
someone with a Ph.D is always going to be reliable. The source offers two perspectives in the end,
showing ways on how to help get rid of negativity. The article also shows way on how to know if it is
something serious. If the symptoms are serious, then you will know how to react in the end to help
yourself and others.
in your project?
This source fits into my research by showing me ways how we as humans can deal with our
emotions and our problems. This shapes my understanding by showing me that not everyone's the
same when it comes with dealing with their situations. As said in the example, if you use both a
negative and positive thought, and you still have anxiety about the situation, then this means you are
not ready to move on from the situation, or feel better.

Acquaviva, Allison. “How to Live a Happy Life: Tip #1 – Surround Yourself with Positive People.” Utica
College, 1 May 2014,
www.utica.edu/student-blogs/how-to-live-a-happy-life-tip-1-surround-yourself-with-positive-people/.

https://www.utica.edu/student-blogs/how-to-live-a-happy-life-tip-1-surround-yourself-with-positive-pe
ople/

The question is set to show how we can become more positive people. Happiness is not a
destination as it is described by many people. Happiness is a way of life. “We can start by
surrounding ourselves with good, healthy, positive people.” A lot of people are going to try and bring
you down in your life. It is up to you if you want to listen to them. The key thing to do is to surround
yourself by better people who are positive. This will make you want to change yourself for the better.
If someone is surrounded by negativity all the time, they will grow up to be someone who is negative,
rather than positive. This is similar to growing up in a unstable home. You can become someone who
is depressed by living in a household that makes you feel bad. In all, the people and environment
around you affect how you come out as a person in the long run.
This source offers other ideas such us the upbringing of someone. I personally did not take this into
account at the start when doing research. Now that I am more informed, I can understand how to
reach people and understand them to make them feel better. The source is biased in a way. The
author states that by surrounding yourself with better people will make you a better person. This can
be true or can be wrong in many situations.
in your project?
This source fits into my research by showing me how to be a better person when I am around other
people. With the help of other people, one could become more positive in the end. It was helpful in
many ways because it shows how we can make the world more positive. With just one person, you
can make a big difference in someone's life. That person could become inspired by your actions and
will want to continue that and pass it onto others. In all, this source will help me figure out how my
small project can impact and become something bigger than what is is.

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