For Rit Philosophy and Human Geography An Introduction to Contemporary Approaches Second Edition R. J. Johnston Profesor of Geography, Univesity of Shefild Edward ArnoldJoon 183,196 en pb io Gro Ben 988 ya old Piss ech Su Loni WC 3D dnd Ars (Aoi Py Cl, 80 Weep Ro, Casi a, Vio J, hates ard Aral 9 fs Red Set, Bie, Mad 2202, US. epi 18 Scoot on 86 ‘rid Libary Cataloging in Pblcion Data Fed ho ah: lst compa sph — ater seer — Pies foro ora san 971516405 igh ear. Nop fi aion ay beeper, te i ete A ree my rb ny ma, Sane epg ae ree win te pron prin Elsa Aol Poise) i "roMas COOPER Lane Rea oF SOU cao et Sent Cans) (eae Pate Lies, Sage ie found ts Cy Ban. Sa Contents Preface Prefs tthe Second Eaton 1 Human geography ‘The topill eootent of human geography - Elements of a plilosphy of human geography ~ The devdopeene of human eopraphy ~The shuns of human gegeaphy ~Samimary 2 Positvise approaches ‘The fandanentals of posse sence and of ogi osivism ~The mthodolgy of postiviem Fosse socal {Since - Positivism and human geography ~The comcot of prstivie human geography ~ Posto, enpicsm and prea esearch ~Sommary 5 Humanistic approaches Vateris of fumanisie retench ~ Humanistic approaches in human geography - Humanistic geography - An evahiation 4 Stracturalist approaches Sractte ae coseact~ Strate as proce ~ Stacey in Thaman geography ~ Sirecarlist geography ~ Summary 5 Confice and accommodation “Thre approsces~ atgiate or choose? ~ Conclusions Bibliography Genera indes Index to authors oo 136 7 ws 176Acknowledgement ‘The publishers would lhe to thank Joba Wiley & Sons Ltd for thie pemiron to reproduce a igure from DT Herbert and RJ Jobnston Geography a the Urkon Eaonment Volume 5. Preface Human geography is currently characterized by a ret deal fBvely debe whic Fass ot so much ois subject mater oa ts pllosopy es Crienation to its subject tater, Much more han was 30 in previous keds, human. gengrephess are being exposed to debates within [Bilosophy as chey refer t te natural nd in parila, the soil scenes. ‘The foundatios of geagraphical study re beng excavated with question, such a “What ae the goals of man geogeapbieal research? How can ‘hese beahiered?, What does prs ofthese goals imply with epaco the nature of evidence” and vo on. Ne longer cas human geographers sit side Bom such questions by fering themes the pests of mere facts’ such thing donot exist, the cites arg. “The present book hasbeen designed 52 companion roan cater volume whic ‘seal the debates within human geopesphy since 15 over Philosophical and mcthodslogicl ise In Geagephy and geographers ‘gle Ameria onan geography sine 1945 Jobston, 1979 ad 1983.1 ‘howed how thowe debater covered the replacement of 20 empicist philosophy by one thae wat poscst and how, in rar, che later perspective was challenged by indvidoals of humanistic and of wructorast, pertains, The aim thete was to examine the contemporary paisa ‘thin the diipline rather than to expate the deta ofthe eri Tihlosopies, Here the tsk isthe complementary one of ierodacng the atte ofthe various philosophies wie ite efeteace tothe debates over the rdevane and validity ofeach. “The preface to that air book om the “contemporary history” of human _gvarapystged thot stadents of the discipline need an undettanding of ‘Why the content of thei discipline itr ad requires aework within {hh ter own perspetivecan be developed Asia caseismade forthe provet book In dieplinechaacteize by compeciion beween 2 ait) UF philosophies, wadents need an imeoduction to these philowophie, Stetement ofthe fundamentals pd ofthe leanceo human geography. Such an inteduction can be provided ina vrey of ways. That chosen here perhaps the simplest, The iteodustory chapter suggests that three Competing philosophies (termed appreaches here Beas each embraces = ariey of alaed viewpoints) dominate comtemporary human geography.