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Daya Dukung Tanah-Warna PDF
Daya Dukung Tanah-Warna PDF
settlement Plastic
Serviceability
Ultimate Limit State Plunging
Maximum allowable load = Failure
min [safe load, max service load ]
Limit States
Serviceability Ultimate
Serviceability Limit State
Force (kN)
Applied Load
Bearing Pressure Definitions
Allowable Bearing Pressure qa=< qFs (settlement)
/A
F Plan Area, A
Resistance
Soil Heave
Generalized Shear Failure
q
Soil Failure
Lines
Settlement
passive
rigid
radial
shear
log spiral
Local Shear Failure
q
minor surface
heave only
Settlement
Medium dense
or firm soils
Punching Shear Failure
q
No surface
heave Settlement
Loose or
Soft Soils
Methods for calculating bearing
capacity
• Full scale load tests
• Load tests on model footings
• Limit equilibrium analysis
• Detailed stress analysis such as the FEM
method
Limit equilibrium analysis
solutions for weightless soils:
• Solutions with φ = 0 :
– Prandtl smooth punch : qult = 5.14c
– Prandtl rough punch : qult = 5.7c
• Solutions with φ ≠ 0 :
– Rough punch
passive active
log spiral
Bearing Capacity for real soils
Exact,
Exact, theoretical
theoretical analytical
analytical solutions
solutions have
have only
only been
been
computed
computed for for special
special cases
cases -- e.g.
e.g. soils
soils with
with no
no weight,
weight,
no
no frictional strength, φφ or
frictional strength, or no
no cohesion,
cohesion, c.c.
Approximate
Approximate solutions
solutions have
have been
been derived
derived by by
combining
combining solutions
solutions for
for these
these special
special cases.
cases. The
The
first
first solution
solution was
was by
by Terzaghi
Terzaghi (1943)
(1943) -- father
father of
of soil
soil
mechanics.
mechanics. Others
Others later
later modified
modified this
this solution.
solution.
The
The failure
failure mechanism
mechanism corresponds
corresponds to to general
general failure.
failure.
Corrections
Corrections are
are applied
applied to
to check
check for
for the
the possibility
possibility of
of
local
local or
or punching
punching shear
shear failure.
failure.
Jenis pondasi berdasarkan kedalamannya
φ΄
c΄
Terzaghi’s Bearing Capacity Eqn.
For strip footings:
qult = c΄.Nc + q.Nq + 0.5γ΄BNγ
φ
Df q = γγ΄.D
.Df
c
B
soil density, γ΄ (kN/m3)
Terzaghi’s Bearing Capacity Eqn.
For strip footings:
qult = c΄.Nc + q.Nq + 0.5γ΄BNγ
30
20
Ø –– in
10
Ø
0
70 60 50 40 30 20 100 10 20 40 60
80
Nc and Nq 5.7 1.0 Nγ
General Bearing Capacity Eqn.
(1973, 1975)
Based on theoretical and experimental work:
qult = c΄.NcFcsFcdFci + q.NqFqsFqdFqi + 0.5γBNγFγsFγdFγi
φ΄
c΄
General Bearing Capacity Eqn.
ZD = fγ΄.D
Df σ΄=
q γ.D
c
B
soil density, γ΄ (kN/m3)
General Bearing Capacity Eqn.
40
Friction angle (degree)
35
30
25
20 Nc
15 Nγ Meyerhof
10 Nq
5
0
1 10 100 1000
Nc, Nq and Nγ
Wall on
Shape Factors Column on
Strip Footing Square Footing
Bird’s Eye View
Failure lines
Failure lines
Wall on
Strip Footing
Depth Factors
q = γγ.D
.Dff
increasedstrength
failure generally
line length
increases with depth
VV==1000
906 kN
kN
Inclination Factors
H = 423 kN
For inclined loads :
Fci , Fqi , Fγi ≤ 1
Final Grade
4′ Sand
30′ 10′ γ = 115 pcf
φ = 35°
C=0
SOLUTION TO EXERCISE No. 5
Length 50
Footing Width
= 10
=5>9
Water Level 30 − 4
= = 2.6
Width 10
= (115)(4)(37) + (0.4)(115)(10)(42)
= 17,020 + 19,320
= 36,340 PSF
How is bearing capacity theory
related to the “rule of thumb”
equation for stability;
6 C
SAFETY FACTOR = γ H
H γ = Unit
Weight
Soft clay layer cohesion = C
Compact Sand
Spread Footing Design
Bearing Capacity
• Explain how footing embedment, width, and
water table affect footing bearing capacity