Ier Bimestre

ECUACIONES DIFERENCIALES LINEALES FACTOR INTEGRANTE

𝑑𝑦
 (𝑥 2 + 1) 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥(1 − 𝑦)
𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥
(𝑥 2 + 1) 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥(1 − 𝑦) 𝑢(𝑥) = 𝑒 ∫𝑥2 +1
1 2 +1)
𝑑𝑦 𝑥𝑦 𝑥
𝑑𝑥
+ 𝑥 2 +1 = 𝑥 2 +1 𝑢(𝑥) = 𝑒 2ln⁡(𝑥
1 1
1 𝑥
𝑦= 1 ∫ 𝑥 2 +1 (𝑥 2 + 1)2 ⁡𝑑𝑥 𝑢(𝑥) = (𝑥 2 + 1)2
(𝑥 2 +1)2

1 1
𝑦= 1∫ 1 ⁡𝑑𝑥
(𝑥 2 + 1)2 (𝑥 2 + 1)2
𝐶
𝑦 =1+ 1
(𝑥 2 + 1)2
𝑑𝑦
 (𝑥 2 + 1) 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 2𝑥𝑦
2𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥
(𝑥 2 + 1) 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 2𝑥𝑦 𝑢(𝑥) = 𝑒 ∫𝑥2 +1
𝑑𝑦 2𝑥𝑦 𝑥 2 +2𝑥 2 +1)
𝑑𝑥
+ 𝑥 2 +1 = 𝑥 2 +1
𝑢(𝑥) = 𝑒 ln⁡(𝑥

1 𝑥 2 +2𝑥
𝑦= ∫ (𝑥 2 + 1)⁡𝑑𝑥 𝑢(𝑥) = (𝑥 2 + 1)
(𝑥 2 +1) 𝑥 2 +1

1
𝑦= ∫ 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥⁡𝑑𝑥
𝑥2 + 1
1 𝑥3
𝑦= ( + 𝑥 2 + 𝑐)
𝑥2 + 1 3
𝑥3 𝑥2 𝐶
𝑦= 2
+ 2
+ 2
3(𝑥 + 1) 𝑥 + 1 𝑥 + 1
ECUACIONES DIFERENCIALES EXACTA FACTOR INTEGRANTE
 (1 − 𝑥𝑦)𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥(𝑦 − 𝑥)𝑑𝑦 = 0
(1 − 𝑥𝑦)𝑑𝑥 + (𝑥𝑦 − 𝑥 2 )𝑑𝑦 = 0
𝑀𝑦−𝑁𝑥 𝑥−𝑦+2𝑥
𝑑𝑥 ∫ 𝑥𝑦−𝑥2 𝑑𝑥
𝑀𝑦 = −𝑥 𝑢(𝑥) = 𝑒 ∫ 𝑁 𝑢(𝑥) = 𝑒
−(𝑥−𝑦) −1
∫𝑥(𝑦−𝑥) 𝑑𝑥
𝑁𝑥 = 𝑦 − 2𝑥 𝑢(𝑥) = 𝑒 ⁡𝑢(𝑥) = 𝑒 ∫ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 ⁡𝑢(𝑥) = 𝑒 −ln⁡|𝑥|
1 1
(𝑥 − 𝑦) 𝑑𝑥 + (𝑦 − 𝑥)𝑑𝑦 = 0 𝑢(𝑥) = 𝑥

𝑀𝑦 = −1
𝑁𝑥 = −1
 1
Φy⁡ = N⁡⁡ Φx⁡ = M ℎ = ∫ 𝑥⁡ 𝑑𝑥
𝑑Φ 1
=𝑦−𝑥 −𝑦 + ℎ′ (𝑥) = − 𝑦 ℎ = ln⁡|x|
𝑑𝑦 𝑥

1
Φ = ∫ 𝑦 − 𝑥⁡ 𝑑𝑦 ℎ′ (𝑥) = 𝑥

𝑦2 𝑑h 1
Φ= 2
− 𝑥𝑦 + ℎ(𝑥) 𝑑𝑥
=𝑥

𝑦2
2
− 𝑥𝑦 + ln|x| = C
𝑑𝑦 2𝑥𝑦
 𝑑𝑥
= 𝑥 2 −𝑦2

(−2𝑥𝑦)𝑑𝑥 + (𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 )𝑑𝑦 = 0
𝑁𝑥−𝑀𝑦 2𝑥+2𝑥
𝑑𝑥 ∫ −2𝑥𝑦 𝑑𝑦
𝑀𝑦 = 2𝑥 𝑢(𝑥) = 𝑒 ∫ 𝑀 𝑢(𝑥) = 𝑒
4𝑥 −2
∫−2𝑥𝑦𝑑𝑦 ∫ 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
𝑁𝑥 = −2𝑥 𝑢(𝑥) = 𝑒 ⁡𝑢(𝑥) = 𝑒 ⁡𝑢(𝑥) = 𝑒 −2ln⁡|𝑦|
2𝑥𝑦 𝑥 2 −𝑦2
(− 𝑦2
) 𝑑𝑥 +( 𝑦2
) 𝑑𝑦 =0 𝑢(𝑥) = 𝑦 −2

2𝑥
𝑀𝑦 =
𝑦2
2𝑥
𝑁𝑥 = 𝑦2

Φy⁡ = N⁡⁡ Φx⁡ = M ℎ = ∫ 0⁡ 𝑑𝑥

𝑑Φ 𝑥 2 −𝑦 2 2𝑥 2𝑥
𝑑𝑦
= 𝑦2
−𝑦 + ℎ′ (𝑥) = −𝑦 ℎ=0

𝑥 2 −𝑦 2
Φ=∫ 𝑦2
⁡ 𝑑𝑦 ℎ′ (𝑥) = 0

𝑥2 𝑑h
Φ= 𝑦
− 𝑦 + ℎ(𝑥) 𝑑𝑥
=0

𝑦2
2
−𝑦 =C

ECUACIONES DIFERENCIALES HOMOGENEA

𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑦𝑐𝑜𝑠 +𝑥
𝑦
 𝑑𝑥
= 𝑥
𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠
𝑦

𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑦𝑐𝑜𝑠 +𝑥 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑧
𝑦
𝑑𝑥
= 𝑥 𝑧=𝑥 𝑦 = 𝑧𝑥⁡ 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑧 + 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠
𝑦

𝑦
𝑑𝑦 𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝑥
𝑑𝑥
= ( 𝑦) +
𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠
𝑦
𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠
𝑥 𝑥

𝑑𝑧 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑧 1 𝑑𝑧 1 𝑑𝑧 1
𝑧 + 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑧 (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑧) + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑧  𝑧 + 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑧 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑧  𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑧
 1 𝑦
∫ cos 𝑧⁡𝑑𝑧 = ∫ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥  𝑧 = 𝑙𝑛𝑥 + 𝐶 𝑥 = 𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑙𝑛|𝑥| + 𝐶)

𝑦 = 𝑥⁡(𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑙𝑛|𝑥| + 𝐶))
𝑦
𝑑𝑦 𝑦+2𝑥𝑒 𝑥
 =
𝑑𝑥 𝑥
𝑦
𝑑𝑦 𝑦+2𝑥𝑒 𝑥 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑧
= 𝑧= 𝑦 = 𝑧𝑥⁡ =𝑧+𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑦
𝑦
𝑑𝑦 𝑦 2𝑥𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑦 𝑦
𝑑𝑥
= + 𝑥 𝑥
𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 + 2𝑒 𝑥
𝑑𝑧 𝑑𝑧 1 1
𝑧 + 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑧 + 2𝑒 𝑧  𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 2𝑒 𝑧  ∫ − 2 ⁡𝑒 −𝑧 𝑑𝑧 = ∫ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑦
𝑒 −𝑧 = 𝑙𝑛𝑥 + 𝐶 𝑒 −𝑧 = −2(𝑙𝑛|𝑥| + 𝐶)−𝑧 = ln⁡(−2(𝑙𝑛|𝑥|+𝐶))− 𝑥 = ⁡ln⁡(−2(𝑙𝑛|𝑥|+𝐶))

𝑦 = x(ln⁡(−2(𝑙𝑛|𝑥|+𝐶)))
DEMOSTRACION RC

I Q I Q I Q
⁡⁡𝑅𝑖 𝑑𝑞 1 1 𝑑𝑖 𝑑2 𝑞
𝑅 ∫ 𝑖(τ)𝑑τ 𝑞 ⁡⁡𝐿 𝑙 2
𝑑𝑡 𝐶 𝐶 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡

1
𝑑𝑞 1
𝑅 + 𝑞=𝑉 𝑢(𝑡) = 𝑒 ∫𝑅𝐶𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑡 𝐶
1
𝑑𝑞 1 𝑉
𝑑𝑡
+ 𝐶𝑅 𝑞 = 𝑅 𝑢(𝑡) = 𝑒 𝑅𝐶𝑡

1 𝑉 1 1
1 𝑡𝑉 1 1
𝑞(𝑡) = 1 ∫ 𝑒 𝑅𝐶 𝑑𝑡  𝑞(𝑡) = 1 [ 𝑅
1 (𝑒 𝑅𝐶𝑡 ) + 𝑘]  1
𝑡
[𝑉𝐶(𝑒 𝑅𝐶 ) + 𝑘]
𝑡 𝑅 𝑡 𝑡
𝑒 𝑅𝐶 𝑒 𝑅𝐶 𝑅𝐶 𝑒 𝑅𝐶

1
𝑞(𝑡) = 𝑉𝐶 + 𝑘𝑒 −𝑅𝐶 𝑡
DEMOSTRACION RL

𝑅
𝑑𝑖
𝑅𝑖 + 𝐿 𝑑𝑡 = 𝑉 𝑢(𝑡) = 𝑒 ∫𝐿 𝑑𝑡
𝑅
𝑑𝑖 𝑅 𝑉
𝑑𝑡
+𝐿𝑖 = 𝐿 𝑢(𝑡) = 𝑒 𝐿 𝑡

𝑅 𝑉 1 𝑅
1 𝑡𝑉 1 𝑅 1 𝑉
𝑖(𝑡) = 𝑅 ∫𝑒
𝐿
𝐿
𝑑𝑡  𝑞(𝑡) = 𝑅 [ 𝑅𝐿 ∫ 𝑒 𝑅𝐶𝑡 𝐿 𝑑𝑡]  𝑅 [𝑅 𝑒 𝐿 𝑡 + 𝑘]
𝑡 𝑡 𝑡
𝑒𝐿 𝑒𝐿 𝐿 𝑒𝐿
 𝑉 𝑅
𝑞(𝑡) = + 𝑘𝑒 − 𝐿 𝑡
𝑅

2do Bimestre
DETERMINAR SI EL CONJUNTO FUNDAMENTAL DE SOLUCIONES (1, sen x, cos x) SON
LINIALMNENTE INDEPENDIENTES (Worskiano)
1 𝑠𝑒𝑛⁡𝑥 cos 𝑥
0 cos 𝑥 −𝑠𝑒𝑛⁡𝑥
0 −𝑠𝑒𝑛⁡𝑥 − cos 𝑥
𝑤 = 1((cos 𝑥)(− cos 𝑥) − (−𝑠𝑒𝑛⁡𝑥)(−𝑠𝑒𝑛⁡𝑥) − 𝑠𝑒𝑛⁡𝑥(0(−𝑠𝑒𝑛⁡𝑥) − 0(− cos 𝑥)) + cos 𝑥(0(−𝑠𝑒𝑛⁡𝑥) − 0(cos 𝑥))

𝑤 = −𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥 − 𝑠𝑒𝑛2 𝑥 𝑤 = −1(𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥 + 𝑠𝑒𝑛2 𝑥) = −1

𝑊 ≠ 0 linealmente independiente

𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
 𝑑𝑥 2
+ 6 𝑑𝑥 = 0 y0=1 y’0=6 CFS{𝑒 0𝑥 , 𝑒 −6𝑥 }

𝑟 2 + 6𝑟 = 0 𝑟(𝑟 + 6) = 0⁡  r=0; r=-6

𝑦 = 𝐶1 + 𝐶2 𝑒 −6𝑥

𝑑2 𝑦
 𝑑𝑥 2
+ 4𝑦 = 10𝑠𝑒𝑛⁡2𝑥 − 5 cos 2𝑥 CFS{𝑒 2𝑥 , 𝑒 −2𝑥 }

𝑟2 + 4 = 0  (𝑟 − 2)(𝑟 + 2) = 0 𝑦𝑐 = 𝐶1 𝑒 2𝑥 + 𝐶2 𝑒 −6𝑥
𝑟=2
𝑟 = −2
𝑦𝑝 = 𝐴0 cos 2𝑥 + 𝐴1 sen 2𝑥

𝑦′𝑝 = −2𝐴0 cos 2𝑥 + 2𝐴1 cos 2𝑥

𝑦′′𝑝 = −4𝐴0 cos 2𝑥 − 4𝐴1 sen 2𝑥

−4𝐴0 cos 2𝑥 − 4𝐴1 sen 2𝑥 − 4(𝐴0 cos 2𝑥 + 𝐴1 sen 2𝑥) = 0

5 cos 2𝑥 5
−8𝐴0 cos 2𝑥 = −5 cos 2𝑥  𝐴0 = 8cos 2𝑥
𝐴0 = 8
10⁡𝑠𝑒𝑛⁡2𝑥⁡⁡⁡ 5
−8𝐴0 sen 2𝑥 = 10⁡𝑠𝑒𝑛⁡2𝑥  𝐴0 = −8cos 2𝑥
𝐴0 = −4

5 5
𝑦 = 𝐶1 𝑒 2𝑥 + 𝐶2 𝑒 −6𝑥 + cos 2𝑥 − 𝑠𝑒𝑛⁡2𝑥⁡⁡⁡
8 −4
 𝑑3 𝑦 𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
 𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥2 − 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 2𝑥 4 CFS{𝑒 𝑧 , 𝑧𝑒 −𝑧 , 𝑒 2𝑧 }

𝑦𝑐 = 𝐶1 𝑒 𝑧 + 𝐶2 𝑧𝑒 −𝑧 + 𝐶3 𝑒 2𝑧
𝑑3 𝑦 𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
3
− 2 2
−1 + 2𝑦 = 2𝑒 4𝑧
𝑑𝑧 𝑑𝑧 𝑑𝑧
𝑟 2 − 2𝑟 − 1 + 2 = 0  (𝑟 − 2)(𝑟 + 2) = 0

1 -2 -1 +2 1
1 -1 -2
1 -1 -2 0
𝑟2 − 𝑟 − 2
−𝑏±√𝑏2 −4𝑎𝑐
𝑟= 2𝑎
⁡

−(−1)±√12 −4(1)(−2)
𝑟=
2(1)

1±√9
𝑟= 2
r=2 ; r=-1

𝑦𝑝 = 𝐴0 𝑒 4𝑧

𝑦′𝑝 = 𝐴0 4𝑒 4𝑧

𝑦′′𝑝 = 𝐴0 16𝑒 4𝑧

𝑦′′′𝑝 = 𝐴0 64𝑒 4𝑧

𝐴0 64𝑒 4𝑧 − 2(𝐴0 16𝑒 4𝑧 ) − 𝐴0 4𝑒 4𝑧 + 2𝐴0 𝑒 4𝑧 = 2𝑒 4𝑧

𝐴0 64𝑒 4𝑧 − 𝐴0 32𝑒 4𝑧 − 𝐴0 4𝑒 4𝑧 + 2𝐴0 𝑒 4𝑧 = 2𝑒 4𝑧
𝐴0 30𝑒 4𝑧 = 2𝑒 4𝑧
2𝑒 4𝑧 1
𝐴0 = 30𝑒 4𝑧  𝐴0 = 15

1 4𝑧
𝑦𝑝 = 𝑒
15
1 4𝑧
𝑦 = 𝐶1 𝑒 𝑧 + 𝐶2 𝑧𝑒 −𝑧 + 𝐶3 𝑒 2𝑧 + 𝑒
15
1 4𝑙𝑛𝑥
𝑦 = 𝐶1 𝑒 𝑙𝑛𝑥 + 𝐶2 𝑙𝑛𝑥𝑒 −𝑙𝑛𝑥 + 𝐶3 𝑒 2𝑙𝑛𝑥 + 𝑒
15
1 4
𝑦 = 𝐶1 𝑥 + 𝐶2 𝑙𝑛𝑥 + 𝐶3 𝑥 2 + 𝑥
15