CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

A. Background of the Study

Body odor (esp., foot odor) is the body’s unpleasant smell that is caused by bacteria. The

main cause of this is foot sweat. Actually, sweat itself is odourless, but it creates a beneficial

environment for certain bacteria to grow and produce a bad-smelling substances. These bacteria

are naturally present on our skin as part of the human flora. Therefore, more smell is created with

factors that cause more sweating such as wearing shoes and socks with inadequate air ventilation

for many hours. Hair on feet, especially on toes may contribute to the odours’ intensity by

increasing its surface area in which bacteria can thrive. Foot powder is a type of sweat-absorbing

powder that helps prevent or remove foot odor. But some common foot powders aren’t as

absorbent as the ideal foot powder. Some are expensive enough for consumers to reject. So

therefore, the researchers thought of making such Calamansi Peel Foot Powder.

Calamansi is a tropical fruit usually found at the Philippines. This is commonly made into

juice drinks, additive to common juice native sauces(e.g., toyo), and even as a body odor

repellent. This small circular fruit prevents body odor especially the underarm odor. So, if can

cure underarm odor, maybe it can help in foot odor too.

 B. Statement of Problem

This study aims to answer the following questions:

Main Problem: Can foot powder from calamansi peelings be produced?

Sub Problems:

1. Is the product cheaper than the commercial powder?

2. Will the foot powder from calamansi prevent foot odor?

3. Can this product absorb enough sweat?

C. Objectives of the Study

This research aims to:

1. provide a cheaper and a more effective foot powder;

2. compare the difference between the commercial foot powder and the

calamansi foot powder;

3. help foot powder consumers and calamansi consumers save their money by

converting calamansi wastes into foot powder;

4. use an equipment that will help in comparing two certain types of foot

powders; and to

5. determine which of the two foot powders that are compared is more

effective.
D. Hypotheses of the Study

1. The calamansi product will not absorb sweat as effective as the

commercial one. So, this product will not prevent foot odor.

2. The equipment to be used is inefficient enough in comparing the

two types of foot powders.

E. Significance of The Study

This study may help in waste segregation and to save money. This is cheaper because

most of the time, people just throw away calamansi peelings. Calamansi consumers may

keep their wastes and put it into reusable garbage. Instead of letting the peelings rot, the

consumers may convert these peelings into powder. This is cheaper because most of the time,

people just throw away calamansi peelings. And this study may help calamansi consumers

save the calamansi peelings for future use.

F. Scopes and Limitations

In the study’s methodology, there is a right measure of the commercial foot powder and

calamansi foot powder to be used. For the testing, there is also a right amount of liquid to be

used. The study is limited for the school year 2011-2012.

G. Definition Of Terms

Foot Sweat- moisture that gets out of the foot through

the pores found at our skin; usually comes

 out when a certain body has a higher

temperature than the normal temperature.

Foot Powder- a product that removes the bad odor from

foot by absorbing sweat and killing bacteria.

Calamansi Peel- an outside layering of a circular fruit named

calamansi.

Foot Odor- an unpleasant odor produced by bacteria on

foot.

Absorption Tester- an improvised device used to compare two

different powders. This comes with an

amount of liquid and a 8.5x11in piece of

cloth.
 CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

In this chapter, product comparing, testing, and data gathering takes place. Here, the

improvised absorbent tester made from wheel and axle, funnel, and clips will be used. This

“equipment will determine the amount of liquid absorbed by a certain type of powder used.

A. Research Design

In this experiment, two types of foot powder will be used. One is the calamansi product

and the other one is the commercial product. Therefore, Completely Randomized Design or CRD

will be used.

B. Materials and Equipments

Materials: Equipments:

8.5x11in Oxford Cloth Mortar and Pestle

Dried calamansi peelings Beaker

Water Absorption Tester

Beam Balance
C. General Procedure

Drying the Calamansi Peelings

The calamansi peelings need to be dried so it would be possible for us to pound it.

These will be air dried for at least 2 days and sun dried for at least 5days.

Pulverization of Peelings

The dried peelings will be pounded and those which are not totally dried up yet

will be sun dried for one more day.

Preparation of Equipment

The first thing to do is to make the tester. The clips will be attached to the pieces

of wood first. Afterwards, two sides of the funnel will be nailed to the pieces of wood. To

keep the equipment balanced, a piece of plywood will be nailed at its base.

Equipment Expectation:
 Wet Cloth Preparation

20ml water will be poured in the 8.5x11in piece of Oxford Cloth. After this, 10mg

of foot powder will be sprinkled. This step and the following step will be repeated thrice

per type of foot powder.

Water Collection

Clip the cloth on both clips. Turn the Axle for 15times. Measure the amount of

water gathered in the beaker under the funnel.

D. Experimental Set-up

The following table represents the data gathered in the experimentation.

Type of Foot Powder

Used Replication Number Data of Water Collected

1 ml

Calamansi Foot 2 ml

Powder 3 ml

1 ml

Commercial Foot 2 ml

Powder 3 ml
E. Statistical Tool

Since data taken during the course of the study are numerical in nature, T-test will be

used to determine if there is a significant difference between the two set-ups. The

following is the formula to be used .

Formula:

Flow Chart
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

A. BOOKS

Mabberley, D.J. (1987) The Plant Book: A portable dictionary and the higher plant.

Cambridge University Press, Cambridge P 706

Renner, John H. (1993) The Home Remedies Handbook. Lincolnwood, Illinois; Louis Weber,

C.E.O. Publications International, Ltd. P.169-170

B. INTERNET ARTICLES

Cindy (2008) “Oil Extracted from Calamansi Peelings as Preservatives for Hair Oil” from

http://cindy07-08.blogspot.com/2008/03/chapter-i.html

Hoyum, Nils (2011) “How to Get Rid of Foot Odor” from

http://odors.getridofthings.com/get-rid-of-foot-odor.htm

Morton, Julia (1987). “Calamondin the Versatil Fruit” from

http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/morton/calamondin.html

Tips_tricks (2008) “13 Ways to Use Calamansi” from

http://www.tipsandtricks4me.com/2008/03/13-ways-to-use-calamansi.html

Vercillo, Kathryn (2009) “20 Tips for How to Get Rid of Foot Odor” from

http://kathrynvercillo.hubpages.com/hub/20-Tips-for-Reducing-Foot-Odor