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    Pablo Gramajo
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    TENSION EN CONDUCTORES

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    TENSION EN CONDUCTORES

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    80 views27 pages

    2-Sag and Tension of Conductors

    Uploaded by

    Pablo Gramajo
    TENSION EN CONDUCTORES

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 27
    SAG AND TENSION OF CONDUCTORS (Overhead Fines mast be designed and constructed such that che conductors remain ae safe distances froma bl ings, objects, people and velicles passing beneath the lie. Overhead conductrs,clangate overtime, with em- [nrature and tenslon, thereby changing thelr onginal sag ‘er installation. To ensure safety, the shape ofthe tr ‘nin alone the right-of way, the height and lateral pos tin ofthe conductor support points, andthe position of ‘he conductor between support points under al wind ice and temperature conditions must be Known, ‘are ovechead wansmussion and distubution conduc tecsare typically flesible and uniform in weight along ther length, Becouse ofthese characterises, they take the frm ofa catenary 2) between support points. The shape ofthe catenary changes with conductor temper. xe ice an wind loading. and time. To ensure adequate vertical and horizantal elearance under all weather and ‘hetrical loadings, and to ensure that the breaking scength ofthe conductor is not exceeded, the behavior ofthe concacioecatenary under all conditions mms Be ‘corporate into the line design. The equied prediction ofthe future behavior of the conductor is determined ‘ikough calculations commonly referred t0 as sag-te son calelatons. Sig-tension calculations predic the behavior of con- «tutors based on recommended tension lists under ‘varying load conditions, These reason limits may Bo sgecfed as percentages of the conductor’ rated brea ‘ng suengd (RBS) that are not ro be exceeded upon insta Jon or during the feof the Une. These condivions, along ‘hc elastic and permanent elongation properties of ‘conductor, provide the basis forthe determination of the amount of resting sag during installation and long term operation ofthe line ‘Accurately determined iniil say Lins are essential inthe ine daciga process, inal sage and tensions depend ‘on intial installed sags ad tensions and cn proper han- fling ducing installation. Th fal sag of conductors is sed fo selet support point heights and span lengths so ‘hot the mininiam clearances wil be maintained over the ‘ie ofthe Ine. If the conductor is darnaged or the initial sus ar income the ine clearances may be violated r the feanductor may break during heavy ice or wind lads. URE 2-4 (CATENARY VARIATIONS WITH CONDUCTOR TEMPERATURE, ICE AND WIND LOADS, AND TIME AFTER INSTALLATION, WHERE Tg 15 THE MAXIMUM CONDUCTOR TEMPERATURE 2.1 THE CATENARY OF A SINGLE SPAN A are stance overhead conducts normally held clear of objects, people and other conductors by pid attach- ‘ment co rructores, The elevation diferences between the supporting structures affect the shape ofthe conduc toreatenay. The catenarys shape has distinc lfect on ‘hesag and tension ofthe conductor, which can be deer ‘ined sing well-defined mathematical equations 2.11 Level Spans ‘The shape ofthe catenary isa function of the eanductor ‘weight per unit length, w; the orizontal eamponent of ‘tension, 2, span Teng, 5, snd de 3g ofthe conduct, 1D. Sap is measured vertically fom line through the points ofeandactor support toa line tangent to the eon- ctr. Conductor sag and span length ave llastrared in Figure 2-2 fora level span une 2-2 “THE CATENARY CURVE FOR LEVEL SPAN, ‘The exact catenary equation uses hyperbolic functions. Relative to the low point ofthe eatery euve shown in Figure 22, the height ofthe eonductot, yf) is given by the flloving equation: e ‘Sng and Tension of Conductors [Note that xs postive either diction ftom the Loy point ofthe eatenary, The expression on the right of uation 2-1 isan approximate parabolic equation based upon 2 MacLauris expansion ofthe hyperbolic cosine ‘This simpler parabolic equation i valdas long as: aH el aay Fora level span, the low point iin the center, and the sag Ds found by substituting $2 forx in Equation 2- ‘The equations for dhe eatenary and paabolic approxima ton for sag became the following Glew ‘The ratio, Hf, which appears in al ofthe preceding ‘equations is commonly refered to asthe eatenary con- stant, An increase in the eatenary constant causes the ~eatenary curve to become more shallow and the sag 10 decrease. Although ie vasies with eonduccr temperate, and ice and wind loading the cotenary constant typically Inas a vale inthe range of soverlshoussnd fee for most ‘ansmission Line eetenaces ‘The parabolic approximation for ag D, isaccurateas Tonga the sags less than 5% ofthe span length. As an example, considera 1000 feet span of 795, Ihemil 26/7 ACSR *Deake™ conductor fw = 1094 sft) installed ata tension of 6300 Tbs. The cat ‘nary constant equals 5759 est. The calenlated sag 21.72 fee sing the catenary equation and 21.71 feet using the parabolic equation. Roth estimates indicate a sagtospan roio of2.17% and the sag differences anky 0.12 inches (0.01 fet 21.2 Conductor Length ston of calculus to the eatenary equation allows the eaeulation of the conductor lenge 1/3), measured slong the conduetor os thelow pone of he catenay in ‘ther dretion. ‘The resulting equation becomes: ‘Fora level pan, the conductor length coresponding to x= 52is half ofthe total condita length, Z: wfe)=e()-¢(-S) os ‘A parabolic equation for conductor length ean also be ‘ergressed as a function of sg, D, by substraion of the patabolic equation fr sag into Equation 2.5: os 82! : bess AB es For the example in Section 2.1.1, the total conductor Aen a) (sm) (E28 em) na In thiscas the total conductor length is only 1.257 {eet labout 0.126%) Inger than the horizontal span eng of 1000 fee ‘The parabolic apmraination gives a total conductor Tenge of 1001256 feat. 2.1.3 Conductor Siack ‘The dference between the condietor length, [, andthe ‘span length, Sicalled slack The equation for slack may ‘found by equating and reaanging the preceding eqns ‘ions for conductor length, 1: je (zs) -s pn While slack hes unies of length, it may also be expressed asa percentage ofthe span length. Fo a 1000 feet span of ACSA "Drake" (1.094 bs/e) installed at 2 Ihoizontal tension of 6200 Ths, the exact lenge of the ‘conductor i 1001257 fet and the slacks therefone 1257 feet oF 126% ofthe span. "As with previous equations, a parsboic equation in terms of sag, D, can be developed for slack. This ollers some additional insight into the interaction flac, span Tength and tension thatthe exact equation does aot. For level span Leases? eels) [Note tat sack ie zlated ta the cube af he pen length fora given Hv ratio and tothe square of sa ara given span. Fora series of spans having the same Hirai, the ‘tal slack is largely desermined bythe longest spans. Te Js fortis reas that the rling span is nearly equal to ‘thelongest span, rather than the average span, ina series cof susponsion spans. Equation 2-8 canbe solved to obtain other mathemati cal relationships, which show te dependence of ag, D, land tenslon, H, upon sec Si pe SE" as ws we IVaT ‘As cen be seen from the preceding equation, small change in slack eypically yield Lrg changes in conduc- tor sag and horizontal tension and stim teenies roure2-3 ‘STRESS AND SAG ve. % SLACK FOR BARE ACSR "DRAKE" NA 1000 FEET SPAN INSTALLED TOA TENSION OF 20% RBS (6300 LAS) AT €O"F ve = ve se e aoa: ea = re oo} je 2500 § = nes | we es 2000 5.00 Sm ae oh ae oe As an example ofthe impact of small changes in ‘slack om tension and sa, consider the preceeding 1000 fat level span example of 795 kemil -26/7 AGSR "Drake conductor with 1.257 feet of stack. If only ineles is ale othe total cantor east, the sag and tension are proximately equal 0 be SHEET + FO os 97 = £200000) 700 2 V Teyiasr 035) = 5752.5 Ibs [Note shat in dis example, a relatively small change inthe conductor length eg. 3 inches, only 0.25% ofthe ‘conditor lenge, yes a relatively lage sag increase of 1208 feet and a reacively large reduction in tension of ‘5475 sa change of approximately 9.2%. The slack con- cept is thus very usefl in explaining how very small ‘changes in eonduetor length, such as those eaused by Q 00 eon tance \

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