HISTORIA DEL PRIMER TELEFONO MOVIL (MOTOLORA)

2013: ANIVERSARIO 40 AÑOS DEL PRIMER TELÉFONO MÓVIL

En 1973 se realiza la primera llamada de teléfono móvil en Nueva Cork por Michael Cooper, creador.
Marca Motorola.
Nuestro modelo del museo es uno posterior al que se utilizó por primera vez, aunque ciertamente muy parecido.
Tardó casi 10 años en comercializarse, por eso los primeros conocidos son de los años 80.
Tenía que estar cargando 10h, autonomía de media hora (el nuestro 1h), peso aprox 800 gramos.

BUILDING THE FOUNDATION1

Motorola's success in cellular had its roots in the company's earlier research. Born as the
Galvin Manufacturing Corporation in Chicago in 1928, the company was a radio
communications pioneer. The company produced its first Motorola-branded car radio in 1930,
followed soon after by radios for public safety officers. In 1940 Motorola developed its first
handheld radio, the Handie-Talkie™ portable two-way radio, designed for the U.S. military.
More two-way radios for public safety and businesses, and entertainment radios for
consumers -- many of them portable -- were among the products the company made during
the 1940s through the 1960s. Motorola had a mobility mindset dedicated to making
communications available where and how people needed them.

WELCOMING CELLULAR TECHNOLOGY

The car radiotelephone industry provided a new opportunity for Motorola to help people communicate. Beginning
in 1946 when radiotelephone service began in the U.S., the company produced mobile telephones in cars or "car
phones," as they came to be called. Radiotelephones essentially were two-way radios connected to the landline
telephone system.

However, problems with car radiotelephone systems emerged as their popularity grew. Due to the limited number
of available frequencies, car phone systems allowed only a few calls at one time. Frustrated callers often
experienced long waits. In addition, radio channels could not be reused in nearby areas because of interference
from the high-powered base stations.

In 1968, the U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) proposed to allocate

frequencies in the 800-900 MHz range for a new technology to solve these problems.
Cellular technology, conceptualized by Bell Laboratories (AT&T) years earlier, was a
possible solution. Geographical areas would be broken into small adjacent cells and many
more car phones could be used at one time. A network of cell sites would be supported by
a call-switching infrastructure that tracked users as they moved through the network and
automatically switched their calls as their location changed. By the early 1970s, AT&T and
Motorola both announced plans for high-capacity mobile telephone systems based on
cellular technology.

MOTOROLA'S PORTABLE CELLULAR CONCEPT

While AT&T developed a system based on mobile (car) phones, Motorola decided to apply its decades of radio
expertise and compete with AT&T for access to the proposed new radio frequencies.

When Motorola engineers began researching cellular technology, they soon recognized its potential. But their
vision went far beyond car-based phone technology. "When you park your car and leave, you can't use your
mobile [car phone] but you can take your portable with you," stated Martin Cooper, who was one of the leaders in
early cellular development at Motorola. The company's idea was a big one: It would involve not only creating a
portable wireless phone, but also building the system and infrastructure to support it. The Motorola team would

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Fuente: http://motorola-
videoleadership.hosted.jivesoftware.com/community/motorola_heritage/stories/cell_phone_development

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have to prove to the FCC that a cellular system compatible with portable phones would work. They did not have
much time.

Creating the first wireless portable cell phone in the world was an enormous challenge. No one had ever seen
one before, so there was nothing to compare it to. Cooper called on Motorola's industrial design director, Rudy
Krolopp, and his team to design the shape of the phone. A three-dimensional model needed to be built within
days in order to have a working prototype for the FCC meeting in six weeks.

After several days of continual work, Krolopp's team gathered for dinner at a nearby restaurant to present their
concepts. Hours later, they emerged with a winning design. "We called it a shoe phone, because it sort of looked
a little bit like a boot," recalled Krolopp.

The design and engineering teams began to work together at a fast pace to meet the
impending deadline. The engineers' challenge now was to make the electronics small
enough to fit in the handset that Krolopp's team designed. Fortunately, because of
Motorola's two-way radio and semiconductor experience, the company already held
patents on, and manufactured, much of the basic electronics needed for a portable
phone system.

By February of 1973, Motorola had produced a working DynaTAC (DYNamic Adaptive

Total Area Coverage) portable phone prototype. They presented the DynaTAC
prototype phone and system concept to the FCC, which soon announced that it would
hold new hearings on allocating spectrum for cellular service. It was an incredible achievement for the Motorola
team. But they now faced another challenge: designing a commercial large area system that would enable their
portable phone to operate.

DESIGNING A PORTABLE SYSTEM

The DynaTAC cellular system required phone calls to be switched from cell to cell as users traveled. Making that
happen without a high rate of dropped calls required innovative engineering. And foremost, Motorola had to
create a high capacity system that worked with both portable phones and mobile car phones.

The Motorola engineering team's concept involved designing a large number of overlapping cells in a geographic
area. Low powered transmitters in each cell allowed frequencies to be reused in cells farther away.
Computerized network equipment tracked the moving caller through the system and automatically switched the
call to a new cell and frequency as the caller changed locations (a process known as "hand-off"). The system
automatically adjusted the phone's transmitting power so it would not interfere with neighboring cell sites and
linked the call with the wireline telephone network. Specialized directional antennas focused the radio signal
where it was needed. As more people subscribed to cellular services, the system could be expanded by splitting
cells and making many smaller cells within the same geographic area. Because the radio channels used a
narrower bandwidth than the older car radiotelephone system, hundreds more available channels meant more
people could share the same radio spectrum.

To test their concept Motorola engineers spent many hours in Chicago, New York City and Washington, D.C.,
deploying experimental equipment, taking measurements and testing radio signals. The prototype system now
was ready for a market trial with paying subscribers. When the F.C.C. granted a developmental license for the
Baltimore-Washington, D.C., area in 1977, Motorola supplied DynaTAC cellular equipment. One user
summarized the new experience, "My business calls are automatically forwarded to my DynaTAC portable and
I'm always in touch!"

The DynaTAC cellular radiophone system's unique features created a complete system tailored to the needs of
both car and portable phones. While Motorola worked with U.S. government agencies to receive regulatory
approval, the team continued to test and refine the technology. Meanwhile, the cellular concept was spreading
through other parts of the world. Motorola began supplying systems and phones to other countries.

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 ACHIEVING A WORLD FIRST
On September 21, 1983, Motorola made history when the FCC approved the DynaTAC 8000X phone, the world's
first commercial portable cell phone. After more than 10 years and a US$100 million investment, Motorola's
commitment produced an innovative portable technology that revolutionized the communications industry and
changed the lives of people around the world.

FUN FACTS ABOUT THE FIRST CELLULAR PHONE

 The DynaTAC weighed 2 1/2 pounds, contained 30 circuit boards and was 9 inches tall
 You could talk no more than 30 minutes.
 It took 10 hours to recharge.
 It cost $3,995 at the time, which is equivalent to $8724 today.