—_ MOP TOJIEBCKM, Cxonje KYKATA BO HEOJIMTOT HEOJIMT BO CKOIMCKMOT PEPMOH! IGOR TOLEVSKI, Skopje THE HOUSE IN THE NEOLITHIC NEOLITHIC IN THE SKOPJE REGION! KONCKHOT peruoH BO TeKOT Ha MuHa- THOT BeK OMA NpeAMeT Ha ronem 6poj Hay4Ho-HeTpaxyBaykH —mpoeKrn2 Muja mex Guna, noKanuteTuTe of MepHojoT Ha MnaqoTO KaMeHO BpeMe fla ce epi ReuTUpaaT, 3aMNTUTAT HAH MOJoNKA NeTpaxKy- saat. IloueTHure uckonypatba Ha 1oKaanTeTHTe Rajloa muTepecen H GoraT apxeonouKu MaTepu- jam, co mT0 Ha HeKoM of HMB apxeomomKuTe UcKonyBarba MpomosKYBAaT H eH AeHeC. Heoantor Bo cKorcKHoT peruon ce Bpsyza 3a AusaGeroso-Bpumamk KysTypHara rpyna (I- IV) om pakwot u cpeqHuor HeoauT u 3enenn- Koso I] KynTypHata rpyna of JOuHHOT HeonuT.> Ha Tepuropujara on rpagor Cxonje 1 peruouor, ApXeonOUIKH wcKoNyBaiba ce BpuleHH Ha HeKoAKy ToKaauTeTH: ,CraTHHa® SeneHuxono;t kopje’s region during the last century was the subject of large number of sci- ? which aim was, to record, protect or later explore the sites from the New Stone Age. The start- entific-exploration project ing excavations of the sites gave interesting and rich archaeological material, by what at some of them archaeological digs continue at present days. Neolithic in the Skopje’s region is the part of the cultural group Anzabegovo- Vrsnik (I-IV) from the Early and Middle Neolithic and the cultural group Zelenikovo II from the Late Neolithic.3 At a territory of a town Skopje and a region, archaeological digs are performed at few sites: “Slatina” Zelenikovo;4 1 Texeror npetcrasypa kpaTox usnagox of punzoncKa pa6ota og6panera na 23.03.2006, ua dunosodexuor axynter, Katenpa sa Hcropuja ua ymetsocr Apxeosoruje, nox eHToperso Ha npod. a-p paru Murpescxu. 2 .Cuctematcxu apxeonourku werpaxxysaia Ha HeoaMT- ckuTe HW MeTanHo qoOumTe KyaTypu Bo CKonckara korauna” Baxi 3a noKamureture: ,,CaaTuna* Senenuxono u ,Lepje* Foapacso. 3B. Canes, Maagomo Kaseno 906a 60 Maxegonuja @0 Socezaunuite apreoaowxu uctpaxyearea, Naseljavanie i naselja u praistoriji, Materijali XIV, Prilep 1976, 68-73; actu, Heonumom u neoaudickume kyaitypu eo Maxegonuja, Uusuausayun Ha no4saTa Ha Maxeouuja, Kuura 2, / Cronje 1995, 25. 4D, Koragevié, Slatina, Zelenikovo-naselje starcevacke srupe, AP 6, ADS, Beograd 1964; M. Papaurauu - P. Cna- 1 This text represents a short section from the gradua- tion work defended at 23.03.2006, at the Faculty of Philosophy, Institute of Art History and Archaeology, under the mentorate of prof.d-r Dragi Mitrevski: 2 “Systematic archaeological excavations at Neolithic and Metal age cultures in the Skopje's ravine” concern the sites: “Slatina” Zelenikovo and “Cerje” Govrlevo. 3-V. Sanev, Mladoto kameno doba vo Makedonija vo dosegasnite arheoloski istrazuvanja, Naseljavanje i naselja u praistoriji, Materijali XIV, Prilep 1976, 68-73: ibid, Neolitor i neolitskite kulturi vo Makedonija, Civilizacii_ na pocvata na Makedonija, Vol 2. Skopje 1995, 25 4D. Koradevié, Slatina, Zelenikovo-naselje starcevacke grupe, AP 6, ADI, Beograd 1964; M. GaraSanin - G. Spa- 69»Tym6a* Mayapn;> ,[epje“ Tonpreno® w »Cpetcesto“ Mpuienyu.7 OCOBEHOCTH HA HEOAHTCKATA KYKA Equa pooGuyaewa Heonmreka Kyka mper- crapypa HajMama camoctojia ej{MHHUa BO cpyk- rypara Ha HaceaGara. Ox HeToBpemexmTe cocea- HM KYKH, Taa copes apXeOMOMIKUTe NOZaTONA, ToManky 11H noBeKe Oma oABOEKA co croGoREH Mpocrop M Mpereranypa caMocroja apxurex- roucka wennHa.S OPHEHTALWJA HA KYKATA Opuewraumjara wa Kykata Bo wacea6aTa Guna yenoneHa of HeKomky RaXxXHM MpenycnoEH, Ko ceKorall Ouse croro nownTyBaHH of HeomutcKute rpagurem. OcHOBHH HacoKH KOH Kou Gu Moxesa equa HeomHTcKa KyKa ga ce TlocTabH, MpaeHcrReHo Guste: pexara, esepoTo WI HBBOpOT CO BORA, CIPOTHBHO Of MpaBenor Ha fyBare Ha maguire ReTpORH, KOH NaTeKaTa Ha WBWKeHe Ha coueto. CeKaKo ce BAKHH yenouTe KOM ce nojapune Kaj pasBHeunTe HeOHTCKHTe HacenGu a Toa Ouse: WeHTpaKHOT cnoGogeH Mpoctop, eHTpamHata ronema rpaj- 6a, KOMYHHKaNMCKHOT cHCTeM H [pyTo. TEXHMKA HA TPAIEIE Ha veTupu soKaauteTH of CxomeKata KOTIHHa ce BPUIEHH cucTeMaTCKH H saMITHTHH apxeomOUIKH HeKonyBatba Kaye BO ToBeKe KaM- Tali ce OTKpHeHH Toneke 2MBeaTHMITA-KYKH. Ha noxanutetor ,CaaTuna” Kaj SeneHnKoRo ce KoncraTupanat 3 KyKH a HeTpaxeHa e cao ena, “Tumba” Madzari;5 “Sretselo” Mrsevci.7 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE NEOLITHIC HOUSE “Cerje” Govrlevo® and A usual Neolithic house represents the smallest independent unit in the structure of the settlement. From the synchronous neighboring houses, by the archaeological data it was more or less divided with free space and represents independent architectural entity.8 HOUSE ORIENTATION Orientation of the house in the settlement was conditioned by several preconditions, which were always strictly respected by the Neolithic builders. Main directions towards which a Neolithic house could settle, primarily were: the river, the lake or the spring with water, opposite of the side where cold winds blow, toward the sun movement path. Surely important are the conditions, which emerged at developed Neolithic settlements, and those are: free central space, big central building, communication system ete. ‘TECHNIQUE OF BUILDING At four sites of the Skopje’s ravine systematic and preservation archaeological digs had been per- formed where in more campaigns lot of habitations- houses had been discovered. At the site of “Slati in Zelenikovo 3 houses are stated and examined concka, Hoau ucxoityeaiea 60 Seaenuxoso Kaj Cxonje, MAA 2, Ipunen 1976; M. Papauranun M. Bux6uja, Kyxa 140 3eaenuxoao, MAA 9, Cxonije 1988. 5B. Canes, Heoauiicko ceemunuuime 09 Tym6a 60 Mayapu, Cxoncko, MAA 9, Ckonje 1988; A. L. Moskalewska V. Sanev, Preliminary analysis of bone rem- ants of animals from the neolithic archeological site Tuba Madzari near Skopje (Yugoslavia), MAA 10, Skopje 1989. 6 3. reoprues M. BunOuja, Heoaudcka nacea6a Kaj Toopaeso, xu. IX, Cxonje 1984; M. Bilbija, Cerje neolitsko naselje, AP 1985, Ljubljana 1986. 7 V, Saney, Sretselo / Mrsevci, AP 1987, Ljubljana 1989. 8 J. Panu, Exonosuxa w couujaano exonomcru ognocu y Heoautty RogyHascKo-toKopascKoe GaceKa, Heonur Lleurpanor Baakana, Beorpag 1968, 38. 70 Sovska, Novi iskopuvanja vo Zelenikovo kaj Skopje, MAA 2. Prilep 1976; M. GaraSanin M. Bilbija, Kuka I vo Zelenikovo, MAA, Skopje 1988. 5 -V. Sanev, Neolitsko svetiliste od Tumba vo Madjari. Skopsko, MAA 9, Skopje 1988; A. L. Moskalewska V. Sanev. Preliminary analysis of bone remnants of animals from the neolithic archeological site Tumba Madzari near Skopje (Yugoslavia), MAA 10, Skopje 1989. 67. Georgiev M. Bilbija, Neolitska naselba kaj Govrlevo. kn. IX, Skopje 1984; M. Bilbija, Cerje neolitsko naselje, AP 1985, Ljubljana 1986. 7 V. Sanev, Sretselo / Mrsevci, AP 1987, Ljubljana 1989. 8 J. Gli8ié, Ekonomika i socijalno ekonomski odnosi u neolitit podunavsko-pomoravskog basena, Neolit Centralnog Balka- nna, Beograd 1968, 38IN SKOPIE Tusa. \ | ncoutnic ce Ca. J Kapia ua neoauttickuite aoxaaumenu 60 cxollckuom petuon va ,.Tym6a" Mayapu 7 Kyku 4 egio cperunmmte; Mega apxUTeKTOHCKa cTpykTypa of HcKonY- paibaa Bo 2005, Koja ¢ HetlenocHo ncTpaxeHa, wLepje“ Kaj Tospzeso 3!0 4 ,Cpetcexo“ Mpuwesym ce KoxcraTupanm m napunjanno werpaxennt 2 Kyka. Bo onoj nex ke Gugar pasrnenann cnequnpe apxitTeKToHcKu enemeHTH: 4, Hoopuunaiia 60 xeadpaidypa u opuenitiayuja, 6. Movoia na xykaitia, ¢. CilonGoeutte nocanu, 4 Sudoouitie na xykaita u nuenaiia dexopayuja, 0. Kposoia w 4 Oiteopuiie sa cociauna u eniliusauuja, Fig. 1 Map of the Skopje Region with the neolithical sites only one, at “Tumba” Madzari 7 houses and one sanctuary, and an architectural structure from the excavations in 2005? which is incompletely exam- ined, “Cerje” Govrlevo 3 houses!0 and in “Sretselo” Mrsevei 2 houses are stated and partially examined. In this part the following architectural elements will be observed: a: Surface in square meters and orientation, b: House’s floor, : Supporting pillars, d: House’s walls and their decoration, f: The roof and g: Light openings and ventilation. ° Bo genor namawer sa ,TyMOa" Mayapu xe Gune ApeseuTupan u HeoOjane MaTepujan og uckonysamaTa uappurenu 2005 roauua, Gaaronapuocr go ¢ppanuycKuor apxeonoror K. Komaixx. Ha mpocropor e otxpuexo eANO HeomuTcKo xuBeanMUITe Ha KOE AOMpBA MY NpeT- crow uckonysaise. 10 Kopucteuu ce HeonyGaukysaum potorpaduu of uckonynamara ox 1982-1985, 3a Kou cpyeuno My ce jaGnaropapysaM Ha apxeonorot Munou BuaSuja of Mysej na pag Cxonje. 9 At the part set for “Tumba” Madjari unpublished material is going to be presented, thankfully to the French archaeologist C. Commenge. There is Neolithic habitation discovered in the area which now waits ready for the excavation. 10 Unpublished photographs from the excavations from 1982-1985 are used, for which I sincerely express thanks to archaeologist Milos Bilbija from the Museum of City Skopje. 71