NISTIR 5516 Method of Predicting Smoke Movement in Atria With Application to Smoke Management John H. Klote November 1994 Building and Fire Research Laboratory ‘National Institute of Standards and Technology Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899 fo / U.S. Department of Commerce Ronald H. Brown, Secretary ‘Technology Administration Mary L. Good, Under Secretary for Technology are of National Institute of Standards and Technology Arati Prabhakar, DirectorTable of Contents List of Tables List of Figures 1. Introduction 2. Design Fires... 2.1 Steady Fires 2.2 Unsteady Fires, 3. Zone Fire Model Concept 4. Fire Plumes 4.1 Mass Flow With Virtual Origin Correction 4.2 Virtual Origin . . 4.3 Average Plume Temperature 4.4 Volumetric Flow 4.5 Plume Centerline Temperature 4.6 Air and Plume Gas Density 4.7 Plume Diameter = 4.8 Flame Height... 4.9 Simple Mass Flow and Flame Height Equations 4.10 Discussion of Simple Equations 5. Approaches for Smoke Management 5.1 Filling by a Steady Fire 5.2 Filling by an Unsteady Fire 55.3 Steady Clear Height With Upper Layer Exhaust . . 6. Pre-Stratification and Detection 7. Make-Up Air . 8. Separated Spaces 9. Communicating Spaces . 9.1 Other Plumes 9.2 Airflow for a Communicating Space Fire . 9.3 Airflow for an Atrium Fire S 10, Commissioning and Acceptance Testing . 10.1 Fire Tests 10.2 Performance Tests Without a Fire 23 24 4 26 27 210.3 Chemical Smoke Tracer Tests 10.4 Caution About Chemical Smoke 11, Summary and Conclusions 12, Acknowledgements 13, Nomenclature 14, References Appendix A Bibliography ‘Appendix B_ Unit Systems and Physical Data Appendix C_ASMET Description Appendix D ASMET Users Guide ‘Appendix E ASET:-C: A Room Fire Program for Personal Computers Appendix F Physical Modeling Appendix G Computational Fluid Dynamics Appendix H Considerations of the Steady Plume iv 28 28 28 29 30 31 35 41 45 49 37 6 16 87