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Air Compressors PDF
Air Compressors PDF
Two Types
• Positive Displacement
– Reciprocating
– Rotary Screw
• Dynamic
– Centrifugal
– Axial flow
Rotary Screw Compressors
Rotary Screw Compressors
• “Direct Injection”, “Oil-injected”, “Direct-
cooled”, “Flooded”
– Various names are suggestive of the direct contact
of lubricating/cooling oil onto the rotating screw
parts
– Requires a separator just after compression to
remove oil from the compressed air
• “Oil-free”, “Oil-less”, “Dry” compressors also
available (food industry, hospitals, etc.)
Animations
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g8VpnTR
WESQ
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WFZ1bhF
Eh2U
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zQd-
BTxNQHU
Due to overlapping and continuous compression cycles, the rotary screw
design generates virtually no vibration. Disturbing noise is minimized,
providing a wider choice for the unit's location on the vehicle.
The ends of the The air is As the rotors turn, Compressed air
rotors uncover entrapped in the the compartment leaves through the
the inlet: air 'compartment' becomes outlet port
enters the formed by a male progressively smaller,
compression lobe and a female thereby compressing
chamber. flute. the entrapped air.
Centrifugal Compressors
Centrifugal Compressors
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rtIF1LdZT
ak
http://www1.eere.energy.gov/industry/bestpractices/pdfs/compressed_air_sourcebook.pdf
Compressor Controls
• On/Off (Start/Stop)
• Modulated
• Load/Unload
• Variable Displacement
• Variable Speed Drive (VSD)
100
200
300
400
500
600
Tu
e
0
Amps
Tu 1:0
e 0
02
Tu :0
e 0
0
Tu 3:0
e 0
0
Tu 4:0
e 0
05
Tu : 00
e
06
Tu :0
e 0
07
Tu :0
e 0
0
Tu 8:0
e 0
09
Tu :0
e 0
1
Tu 0:0
e 0
11
Tu :0
e 0
12
Tu : 00
e
13
Tu :0
e 0
14
Tu :0
e 0
1
Tu 5:0
e 0
16
Tu :0
e 0
1
12/15/2008 11:54:06 PM to 12/17/2008 12:32:05 AM
Tu 7:0
e 0
18
Tu :0
e 0
1
Tu 9:0
e 0
2
Interval data (4 seconds) for System (Not Assigned) and Periods (Not Assigned)
Tu 0:0
e 0
21
Tu :0
e 0
2
Tu 2:0
e 0
2
W 3:0
ed 0
00
:0
0
Curr_100_hp (Amps)
Curr_250_hp (Amps)
Curr_250_hp_rent (Amps)
10
:
0
100
200
300
400
24
10 :20
Amps
:2
4
10 :40
:2
5
10 :00
:2
5
10 :20
:2
5
10 :40
:2
6
10 :00
:2
6
10 :20
:2
6
10 :40
:2
7
10 :00
:2
7
10 :20
:2
7
10 :40
:2
8
10 :00
:2
8
10 :20
:2
8
10 :40
:2
9
10 :00
:2
9
10 :20
:2
9
10 :40
:3
0
10 :00
:3
0
12/16/2008 10:24:15 AM to 12/16/2008 10:33:08 AM
10 :20
:3
0
10 :40
:3
1
10 :00
:3
1
10 :20
Interval data (4 seconds) for System (Not Assigned) and Periods (Not Assigned)
:3
1
10 :40
:3
2
10 :00
:3
2
10 :20
:3
2
10 :40
:3
3:
00
Curr_100_hp (Amps)
Curr_250_hp (Amps)
Curr_250_hp_rent (Amps)
Typical Compressor
Controls/Characteristics
100
90
Power, percent of full load
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
Start/Stop) (Load/Unload)
10 Mod Mod/Unload
0
0 50 100
Capacity (Flow), percent
Compressors - Saving Energy
• Reduce run time – turn off when not needed
• Lower system pressure to lowest possible level
• Repair leaks
• Recover waste heat
• Additional system volume (load/unload only)
• Reduce use of pneumatic tools
Lower Pressure
• Rule of thumb:
For systems in the 100 psig range,
every 2 psi decrease in discharge pressure
results in approximately 1 percent power
decrease at full output flow
Lower Pressure – Unregulated Usage
• Rule of thumb:
For systems with 30 to 50 percent unregulated
usage, a 2 psi decrease in header pressure will
decrease energy consumption by about 0.6 to
1.0 percent because of unregulated air
*Assumes plant can use all available heat over a 12-week period
Additional Volume
Additional Volume