ra 1s as! CONCEPTS, Icha 1 Solved Problems Find the charge in coulombs of (a) $31 « 10® electrons, and (4) 29 10% protons (a) Since the charge ofan electron fs —1.602 « 10." Cthe tot charge is 531 x 10sec x PME IONE es 1 abet (Sitar he total charge is Lod «10 29 10 proton OP 465 How many protons have a combined charge of 68 pC? Because the combined charge of 6261 « 10!* protons iC, the number of protons is 6241 « 10°" protons 68x10 Pgs i 424 10 protons Find the current flow through a light bulb from a steady movement of (a 60C in 4s) 18 jn 2 min, and (c) 10% elecirons in 1h. CCortent isthe rite of charge movement in coulomb per second, So. we 12 BE a iscsaisa 1SC Lani ty 1 BE oasis 0125.4 awe” 60s Paleteoms 1K 1.602 x fo re Sisweowr, IK Tt D445 Cx = —0485 4 TH e005“ Taster “The negative sign inthe answer indicates that the current flows in a diction opposite that of electon ‘movement. But this sgn is unsmportant here and ean he omitied bestuse the prom slatement does not Speciy the direction of electron movement Electrons pass to the right through a wire cross section a the rate of 64 x 10°" eleetrons per ‘minute, What i the current in the wite? ‘cause curen s the rate of charge movement in coulomb per sceomd = 64 = 10" soto =1C baie : mes= 118, we 6281 « 10" eons ‘The negative sgn in the answer indicates thatthe cureen isto the Ie, opposite the dneton of eseton {na liquid, negative ions, each with a singe surplus electron, move to the lft at steady rate of 2.1 x 10 ions per minute and positive ions, each with two surplus protons, move to the Fight at a steady rate of 48 x 10! ions per minute. Find the current to the right “The negative ions moving tothe lef and the positive ions moving 10 the right both produce current to the right becaute curren flow is ina direction opposite that of negative charge mossment and the sme 1s that of postive charge movement. Fora current tothe ight, the movement of elton to theftCHAP. 1] BASIC CONCEPTS 7 16 7 18 19 110 negative movement. Also, each positive ion being doubly ionized, has double the charge of proton, So, p21 x10 adedrone 1602 10°C Lar | 2 AB x Lotion L602 10°C aie alectror —™ 60s Ii peter as 087A Will a 10-4 fuse blow for a steady rate of charge flow through it of 45 000 C/h? The curren is ssome 1 1 * Sao Which is more than the I-A eating So the fase will low: 125A Assuming a steady current flow through a switeh, find the time required for (a) 20 C to low if the current is 15 mA, (P) 12 nC to low if the current is 30 pA, and. (e) 288 x 10"* electrons to flow ifthe current is 642 nA, Since 1 = Q1 voved for # ist = Qi to) 122) tan x ose 22min iss 10 6) = PAO La porseitin woo 258 10" sete a1 x 4410s = 1798 = GED KIO A 6241 x 10" alaceor « ‘The total charge that a battery can deliver is usually specified in ampercchours (Ah. An ampere-hour is the quantity of charge corresponding to a current flow of 1A for 1h. Find the number of coulombs corresponding to 1 Ah, Since from Q = 1,1 is equal to one ampere second (ASL 3660 3600 1K ° 380 ¢ TA: ‘A certain car battery is rated at 700 Ah at 35.A, which means that the battery can deliver 3.5 A for approximately 700/3.5 = 200 h. However, the larger the cursent, the less the charge that ean bbe drawn, How long can this battery deliver 2 A? The time thatthe current can low 8 approximately equal tothe ampereshour eating divided by the 1 mah 2K Actual, the battery can deliver 2 A fr longer than 350 because the ampere-hour rating for this smaller current is greater than that for 35 A. Find the average drift velocity of electrons in a No. 14 AWG copper wire carrying a 10-A current, ‘given that copper has 1.38 x 10% fee eleetzans per cubic inch and thatthe cros-sectional area of No. 14 AWG wire is 323 x 10-9 in?tar ue ha asic CONCEPTS Lema The average dnt seo te saa the cusron div hy dhe prot othe erst as the etn dems lige Lost Pe 82 10 yt a Ete ‘The nega sgn in the answer indiate tha the eetrons move wn a tection opposite that of unre Not the Tow nek-An ck travels only 12K an 1B. the average even though the elec Imiplscs prods By the cetrom mosemnen relat athe spe of ght 2998 1 ing the work required 10 lift 4 48004kg elevator a vertical distance of $0 m. ‘he work routed ithe product ofthe dntange moved sad the free eed Lo wrsoAe the Weight tae leat Sue this Wo}gML in Beton 6 TES the MASS KES 2M Wb oe asus = Find the potential energy in joules gained by a IN0-1b man in climbing & 6 kidd. ‘The until energy gained by the mian equa the work Be hilt dt el the lade. The free told f his might and the tance te the hog of Uy kalder The women ftor from eight in feuds ts foros newts TN = 1225 Th Thus IN 1 worsen we anges gre ES HE SE ae atm 1 tee ah fri 7 energy must a 12-V ear battery expend in moving 893% 1 eletrons © otminal? How uch eben from its positive leeminal 60 is mega the appropriate formats W = QE: Although the signs of @ and Fae important, shiousy here the product of these yi must he poitine bane ene ured 49 move the cero Se. the eke $npevachis Wr apmore the sgt of Q amd 1 Or fags ate wes is mogatve Reese the cng bones Wo ‘more negate terminal an of course Q ie negate Pecan egos havea nepative charge. The W Qh = 9d 10M ebetroMe «112 = : Lr wve 172 (60241 1 actron If moving 16 C of positive charge from point # tw point « requites O& J ine I. the voltage op fear point «10 point Ho : r= te 8 gosy @ In moving from point « to point h, 2 10! elections des 4J of work, Find fg. the voltage drop from point « to point h Work done the soto sequent tie work done om th eet aml stags depends fom work doer charge Sou My > = 4J, bal Woy -nthy =) Th 4a OMT Ose eae 10ers le lies The negative sign indicates that thote is vols Hse fom sword it is re piv ta pu to igstead of voltage drop. fy thse