EE3317 Linear Systems

Class April 30, 2003

Sections 7.3 and 7.4.

Nyquist Plots and Filter Design

Jose Mireles Jr. The University of Texas at Arlington

7.3 Control System Design

using Freq. Response

T(s) = KG(s)
KG(jw) H(jw) = -1 = 1 < +- 180o
1 + K G(s) H(s)

Jose Mireles Jr. The University of Texas at Arlington

1
Example Bode Plot for K=24

Nyquist Plot/ Polar Plot / Nichols Plot

2
7.4 Filter Design by Placement of
Poles and Zeros of H(s)

7.4 Filter Design by Placement of

Poles and Zeros of H(s)

3
Gain Enhancement by Poles in H(s)

4
 Continuous wall of Poles,
to enhance low pass band 0 - wc

Gain enhancement, Chebyshev filter Butterworth filter

Superior for Pass band Superior for Low pass

Continuous wall-to-wall Poles,

to enhance low pass band 0 - wc

Butterworth low-pass filter

5
 Continuous wall-to-wall Poles,
to enhance filters

Butterworth band-pass filter

Continuous wall-to-wall Poles,

to enhance filters

Butterworth Notch bandstop filter

6
Practical Filters and Their Specifications

Gains are specified in decibels. A gain unity is 0 dB and a gain of sqrt(2)

is 3.01 dB, appox 3 dB. Sometimes the specification may be in terms of
attenuation, which is the negative gain in dB. Thus a gain of 1/sqrt(2),
0.7071, is -3 dB.

7
Practical Filters and Their Specifications

8
Normalized Butterworth filters

9
10
11
12
13