@ Japanese Verbs at a Glance TAP. M258 CBS Soy KODANSHA INTERNATIONAL ‘Tokyo + New York * LondonDistributed in the United States by Kodansha America, Inc., 575, Lexington Avenug, New York, N.Y. 10022, and in the United Kingdom and continental Europe by Kodansha Europe Lud., 95, Aldwych, London WC2B 4IF. Published by Kodansha International Ltd., 17-14 Otowa l-chome, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8652, and Kodansha America, Inc. Copyright © 2001 by Naoko Chino All rights reserved, Printed in Japan. ISBN 4-7700-2765-6 First edition, 2001 01 02.03 04 05 06 0708 09 10 10987654321 www thejapanpage.com CONTENTS About This Book AME About Japanese Verbs Abbreviations Chapter 1 An Outline of Japanese Verb Forms Conjugation Groups 12 Verb Conjugations 14 Tense 18 Chapter 2 How Verbs Are Used Formal Forms 24 Continuing Actions 25 ‘Asking Favors and Making Requests 27 Commands and Prohibitions 29 Polite Forms 36 Giving and Receiving 46 Asking for Permission 52 Making an Invitation $5 _ Expressing Intention $7 Expressing Wishes 61 Conditionals 64 Expressing Requirements and Obligations 66 Describing a Past Experience 68 Describing a Habitual Action 69 Expressing Ability 71 Cer 28 ul 24Transitive and Intransitive Verbs 74 States of Being 79 Passive Voice 80 Causative 83 Causative-Passive 85 Giving Advice and Making Suggestions 86 Expressing Time Relationships 88 Giving aReason 96 Expressing Regret 97 Expressing Conjecture 98 Reporting Something Heard or Experienced 101 Chapter 3 Verb Endings 103 Start of Action 103 Half-Completed Action 104 Continuation of Action 105 End of Action 105 ‘Thoroughness of Action 106 Incomplete or Failed Action 109 Entering and Inserting 112 Getting Used to an Action 112 Redoing or Rechecking an Action 113, Matual Action 113 Excessive Action 114 Attaching Actions 114 Going or Coming for a Purpose 115 Going, Coming, or Returning after Doing Something 116 Gradual Change 117 Chapter Useful Expressions 119 -Ba... hodo 119 dake atte 120 dake demo / dake wa 120 -gachi 121 gurai nara... hO gaii 122 ikura-te mo ... nai 123 to ieba 123 to itte mo ii hodo da 124 wa iu made mo naku 125 to iu yori wa mushiro 126 (to iu) wake de wa nai 126A kara B ni kakete 127 tokuraberu to 128 okagiri ni 128 kagiri wa 129 ka to omou to / ka to omottara 129 kanarazu shi mo ... to wa kagiranai / to wa ienai 130 kaneru 131 ni kakawarazu 132 koto wa nai 133 koto ni wa 133 koto mo nai 134 koto wa... ga 135 -nai uchi wa 136 ni wa oyobanai 136 -ppanashi 137 shiyd ga nai 138 sae... -ba 138 shika nai 139 ni shitagatte / ni tsurete 139 ni suginai 140 tabi ni 141 -ta ka to omou to /-ta totan 141 -tara kaette 141 -te wa irarenai 143 -te tamaranai 143 -te hajimete 144 -te bakari wa irarenai 144 te mo ... -te mo 145 otsijite 146 yOni 146 -yO to mo -nai 147 -Oto... mai to 147 yaina ya 148 “zara oenai 148 -2u ni 149 Appendix: Verb Conjugations 150 Index 174