ES 1: ENGINEERING DRAWING

Geometric Construction
•Lines
•Angles
LINES
 Lines

- The shortest distance

between two points

A
- A set of points
organized that have B
length and direction, D
but no thickness F

C E
 Transferring a Given Length
of a Line

• Given: Line AB

A B
 Bisecting a Given Line

• Given: Line AB

A B
 Bisecting a Given Line

1. Using point A as center and radius R

greater than one-half of the length of line
AB, draw an arc extending to both sides of
line AB.
 Bisecting a Given Line

2. Using point B as center and the same

radius R, draw a second arc intersecting the
first arc. Label the intersections as point C
and D.
 Bisecting a Given Line

3. Draw a line connecting points C and D. Line

CD bisects line AB.

Line AB is called:
PERPENDICULAR BISECTOR
PERPENDICULAR LINES
 LINE PERPENDICULAR TO A
POINT ON THE GIVEN LINE

• Given: Line AB

A B
 LINE PERPENDICULAR TO A
POINT ON THE GIVEN LINE

1. Extend line AB beyond point B. Using point

B as center and any radius R, draw an arc
intersecting line AB at point C and the
extension line at point D.
 LINE PERPENDICULAR TO A
POINT ON THE GIVEN LINE

2. Using point C as center and any radius R

greater than one-half of segment CD, draw
an arc extending to both sides of segment
CD.
 LINE PERPENDICULAR TO A
POINT ON THE GIVEN LINE

3. Repeat the process, this time using D as

center. Label the points of intersection as
points E and F.
 LINE PERPENDICULAR TO A
POINT ON THE GIVEN LINE

4. Connect points E and F. Line EF is

perpendicular to line AB at point B.
 LINE PERPENDICULAR TO A GIVEN
LINE AND PASSING THROUGH A
GIVEN POINT
• Given: Line AB and Point O.

A B
 LINE PERPENDICULAR TO A GIVEN
LINE AND PASSING THROUGH A
GIVEN POINT
1. Using point O as center and any radius R
greater than the distance between point O
and line AB, draw an arc intersecting at
points C and D.
 LINE PERPENDICULAR TO A GIVEN
LINE AND PASSING THROUGH A
GIVEN POINT
2. Using point C as center and any radius R1
greater than one-half of segment CD, draw
an arc on the opposite side of line AB.
 LINE PERPENDICULAR TO A GIVEN
LINE AND PASSING THROUGH A
GIVEN POINT
3. Repeat step 2, this time using point D as
center. Label the point of intersection of
the two arcs as F.
 LINE PERPENDICULAR TO A GIVEN
LINE AND PASSING THROUGH A
GIVEN POINT
4. Connect points O and F. Line OF is
perpendicular to line AB.
PARALLEL LINES
 LINE PASSING THROUGH A POINT
AND PARALLEL TO A GIVEN LINE

• Given: Line AB and Point O

A B
 LINE PASSING THROUGH A POINT
AND PARALLEL TO A GIVEN LINE

1. Using point O as center and any radius R

greater than the distance from point O to
line AB, draw an arc cutting line AB at point
C.
 LINE PASSING THROUGH A POINT
AND PARALLEL TO A GIVEN LINE

2. Using point C as center and the same

radius R, draw another arc passing through
point O and cutting line AB at point D.
 LINE PASSING THROUGH A POINT
AND PARALLEL TO A GIVEN LINE

3. Using point C again as center and distance

OD as radius, draw a third arc intersecting
the first arc. Label the intersection as F.
 LINE PASSING THROUGH A POINT
AND PARALLEL TO A GIVEN LINE

4. Connect points O and F. Line OF is parallel

to Line AB
 LINE PARALLEL TO AND AT A
GIVEN DISTANCE FROM LINE AB

• Given: Line AB and Distance L

A B
 LINE PARALLEL TO AND AT A
GIVEN DISTANCE FROM LINE AB

1. Using point A as center and the given

distance S as radius, draw an arc on one
side of line AB. Label the first arc as 1.
 LINE PARALLEL TO AND AT A
GIVEN DISTANCE FROM LINE AB

2. Using point B as center and the same

radius, draw a second arc. Label this arc as
2.
 LINE PARALLEL TO AND AT A
GIVEN DISTANCE FROM LINE AB

3. Extend line AB beyond points A and B.

Using point A as center and any radius R,
draw an arc cutting line AB at point C and
the extension line at point D.
 LINE PARALLEL TO AND AT A
GIVEN DISTANCE FROM LINE AB

4. Using point C (first) and point D (second) as

centers and any radius R1 in both
operations, draw two arcs on both sides of
line AB. Connect the two intersections.
Note that the line intersects arc 1. Label the
point of intersection as point E.
 LINE PARALLEL TO AND AT A
GIVEN DISTANCE FROM LINE AB

5. Repeat steps 3 and 4. This time using B as

center. Label the point of intersection of
the line and arc 2 as point H.
 LINE PARALLEL TO AND AT A
GIVEN DISTANCE FROM LINE AB

6. Connect points E and H. Line EH is parallel

to line AB at a distance S.
Dividing a Line Into
N-equal Segments
 DIVIDING A LINE INTO
N-EQUAL SEGMENTS

• Given: Line AB and the number of

segments.
N= 3

A B
 DIVIDING A LINE INTO
N-EQUAL SEGMENTS

1. Using point A as origin, draw another line

CD making an angle of 30-45° with line AB.
 DIVIDING A LINE INTO
N-EQUAL SEGMENTS

2. Starting from point A and using any

convenient length, lay out points n points
on line CD at equal distances.
 DIVIDING A LINE INTO
N-EQUAL SEGMENTS

3. Draw a line connecting point B and point

n1.
 DIVIDING A LINE INTO
N-EQUAL SEGMENTS

4. Draw a fourth line parallel to line n1 B

passing point n2. (Recall steps in making
line parallel to a given line passing through
a given point). Label the point of
intersection on line AB as E.
 DIVIDING A LINE INTO
N-EQUAL SEGMENTS

5. Repeat step 4.
 DIVIDING A LINE INTO
N-EQUAL SEGMENTS

6. Line AB is now divided into n equal parts.

Alternative Solution
ANGLES
 TRANSFERRING AN ANGLE

• Given: Angle ABC

Ɵ
B C
 TRANSFERRING AN ANGLE

1. Lay out line BC in the new

position/location. Label it line B’C’.
 TRANSFERRING AN ANGLE

2. Using point B as center and any radius R,

draw an arc intersecting rays BA and BC at
points D and E respectively.
 TRANSFERRING AN ANGLE

3. Without changing the opening of you

compass and using B’ as center, draw an arc
intersecting ray B’C’ at point D’.
 TRANSFERRING AN ANGLE

4. Using point D’ as center and the distance

from points D and E as radius, draw an arc
intersecting the first arc at point A’.
 TRANSFERRING AN ANGLE

5. The line connecting point B’ to A’ forms the

given angle ABC in the new position as
angle A’B’C’.
 BISECTING AN ANGLE

• Given: Angle ABC

Ɵ
B C
 BISECTING AN ANGLE

1. Using point B as center and any radius R,

draw an arc intersecting ray AB and ray BC
at points D and E respectively.
 BISECTING AN ANGLE

2. Using point D as center and any radius R1,

draw a second arc away from point B and
between sides BA and BC.
 BISECTING AN ANGLE

3. Using the same radius R1 and E as center,

draw a third arc that intersects the second
arc at point F.
 BISECTING AN ANGLE

4. Connect points B and F. Line BF bisects

angle ABC at two equal parts.

Line BF is called:
Angle Bisector
Dividing an Angle Into
N-equal Parts
 DIVIDING AN ANGLE INTO
N-EQUAL PARTS

• Given: Angle ABC and N.

N=3
A

Ɵ
B C
 DIVIDING AN ANGLE INTO
N-EQUAL PARTS

1. Using point B as center and any radius R,

draw an arc intersecting rays BA and BC at
points C and D respectively.
 DIVIDING AN ANGLE INTO
N-EQUAL PARTS

2. Connecting point D to E, divide the

resulting chordline into n equal segments.
 DIVIDING AN ANGLE INTO
N-EQUAL PARTS

3. Label the n-1 new points on the chord DE.

Connect the designated points to point B.
 DIVIDING AN ANGLE INTO
N-EQUAL PARTS

4. The lines divide angle ABC into n-equal

parts.
Thank you for listening!