eae eee Toe erence eo) 12.6 Motion of a Projectile ‘The free-flight motion of a projectile is often studied in terms of its rectangular components, since the projectile’s acceleration ahvays acts in the vertical direction. To illustrate the kinematic analysis, consider a projectile launched at point (xo, yo), as shown in Fig. 12-20. The path is defined in the x-y plane such that the initial velocity is vo, having components (vo), and (¥o),. When air resistance is neglected, the only force acting on the projectile is its weight, which causes the projectile to have a constant downward acceleration of approximately a, = g = 9.81 m/s? or g = 32.2 ft/s%.* > ES 7 See Pere Fig. 12-20 Horizontal Motion. Since a, =0, application of the constant acceleration equations, 12-4 to 12-6, yields Coy = U9 + a6 Vy = Wo) (Bx = xy + Ug +3 X= ot (U)al (Sy? = G+ 2als 5) Me = ody ‘The first and last equations indicate that the horizontal component of velocity always remains constant during the motion. Vertical Motion. Since the positive y axis is directed upward, then ay = —g. Applying Eqs: 12-4 to 12-6, we get (+ Dv = wy + 4,5 vy = (py ~ Bt (+ Ty = yo + pt + 5at?s Y= Jot Wpdyt — Fel? (+ Tv? = vf + 2a(y — yo); YF = (ody — 28(y — Yo) Recall that the last equation can be formulated on the basis of eliminating the time f between the first two equations, and therefore only two of the above three equations are independent of one another. *This assumes that the earth’s gravitational field does not vary with altitude. Each picture in this sequ the same time interval. Th rest, whereas the yello. horizontal velocity wher both balls are subject downward acceleration si the same elevation. at acceleration causes th elevation to increase b photos, Also, note the 1 between successive photo is constant sinee the veloc direction remains constar:40 CHAPTER 12 Kinematics of a Particle YY ve ot weet ascn| A sack slides off the ramp, shown in Fig, 12-21, with a hor ‘zontal velocity of 12 my/s. If the height of the ramp is 6 m from the floor, determine the time needed for the sack to strike the floor and the range R where sacks begin to pile up. Wig, 12-21 Solution Coordinate System. The origin of coordinates is established at the beginning of the path, point A, Fig. 12-21. The initial velocity of a sack has components (v4), ~ 12m/s and (v4), = 0. Also, between points A and B the acceleration is ay = —9.81 m/s?. Since (vg), = (v4), = 12 m/s, the three unknowns are (vp)y, R, and the time of flight typ. Here we do not need to determine (vp),. Vertical Motion. The vertical distance from A to B is known, and therefore we can obtain a direct solution for (4g by using the equation (+1) Y= Wt Mylan + 7ah5 ~6m = 040+} (981 m/)A_ fap = Lils Ans, ‘This calculation also indicates that if a sack were released from rest at A, it would take the same amount of time to strike the floor at C,Rig, 12-21. Horizontal Motion. Since thas been calculated, R is determined as follows: (b) X= 29 + (stan R=0+ 12mJs(1.11s) R=133m Ans,eo) SecriON 12.6 Motion of ‘The chipping machine is designed to eject wood chips at up = 25 ti/s dthe as shown in Fig, 12-22. If the tube is oriented at 30° from the horizontal, determine how high, A, the chips strike the pile if they land on the pile 20 ft from the tube. Vig. 12-22 Solution Coordinate System. When the motion is analyzed between points O and A, the three unknowns are represented as the height h, time of the flight fo4, and vertical component of velocity (u4)). (Note that tack (va)x = (vo),-) With the origin of coordinates at O, Fig. 12-22, the ints initial velocity of a chip has components of x (0); = (25 cos 30°) ft/s = 21.65 fis > ce (vo)y = (25 sin 30°) ft/s = 12.5 fi/s and Also, (va)x = (o)x = 21.65 ft/s and ay = -32,2 ft/s. Since we do ion not need to determine (v4),, we have Horizontal Motion ) 4 = X0 + (Vo)stoa at 20 ft = 0 + (21.65 ft/s)to, a toa = 0.9238 5 21. Yertical Motion. Relating fo, to the initial and final elevations of a _ chip, we have 44 OD GD= Yo + (00);ton + facta (h ~ Aft) = 0+ (12.5 £1/s)(0.9238 8) + £(~32.2 fy/s*) (0.9238 s)? A= 181 ft Ans, is,