INGLES BÁSICO II

UNIDAD I
THE PAST

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SEMANA 2

Introducción

De acuerdo a la demanda que nos conlleva la vida diaria tanto como laboral, esta se
torna cada vez más exigente. Después de haber cursado el nivel I de inglés básico,
este nivel, nos ayudará a ahondar aún más los conocimientos básicos a explorar y
poner en práctica lo ya aprendido junto a lo que se desarrolla en este nivel a modo de
complementar pero también de ir enfrentando situaciones más complejas.

Esta asignatura cuenta con 3 unidades con sus respectivos contenidos y vídeos
explicativos a modo de apoyo.

La primera unidad orienta al estudiante a manejar otros tiempos verbales de mayor

complejidad, modos de expresión y así ya poder alcanzar una motivación tanto oral
como escrita de lo aprendido. La unidad dos, tiene como finalidad que el estudiante
junto a nuevas herramientas desarrolle e incorpore lo aprendido a situaciones
cotidianas de mayor complejidad. Y por último la tercera unidad, estimula al estudiante
a incorporar todo lo ya aprendido y nuevos conocimientos a un ámbito más laboral y
profesional que le permitirá desarrollarse de mejor forma en esta área.

Por último se espera que este curso sea de utilidad tanto para vuestra vida personal
como profesional.

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 Main (Ideas fuerza)

1.- Past Simple: It is a time that indicates an action was done and finished.

2.- Did: it is an auxiliar that is used in Past Simple to build questions and answers

3.- Conjunction: Grammatical tool that helps to join words, phrases, clauses, nouns,
adverbs, adjectives.

4.- Regular Verbs: Verbs that changes when we use them in Past Simple according
to gramatical rules. They commonly ends adding - ed

5.- Irregular Verbs: Verbs that changes completly when we use them in Past
Simple, we need to memorize them and put into practice

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1. CONJUNCTIONS: Coordinating Conjuctions

Fuente imagen: Office

These gramatical tools help to join pairs of: Noun, adjectives, words, clauses,adverbs.
They will help you to write and speak properly, fluently and coherent.

In this level it will be checked the Coordinating Conjunctions: And, so, but, yet, for,
nor, or (FANBOYS) here you have examples:

1.-They were playing football and training during all morning

2.-I love cooking and listening music at the same time but I don´t like to wash all the dishes
later.

3.- You can go by walk or car

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So: it is use as a Coordinating Conjuction and Subordinating Conjuction. As Coordinating
conjuction helps to to link two independant clauses or to indicate results, consequences or
effects, examples:

1.- I was puzzle after drinking too much, so I got a taxi and go back home
2.- He studied so much for his exam, so he succeded very well

And: it helps to join two verbs or join things to another, example:

1.- In my free time I play and practice piano

2.- I love to collect stamps and old keys

Or: it helps to join two nouns or to choose a choice, examples:

1.- Do you prefer tea or coffe?

Yet: it helps to join two adjectives or it shows a contrasting idea preceding another one,
examples:

1.- Those gold earings were expensive yet beautiful

2.- Every year I try to make yoga, yet I never do any single effort

But: it helps to join to adverbs and also shows contrast, examples:

1.- Meal was cooked slowly but tasty

2.- Arts are wonderful but it takes time to develop.

For: it helps to explain purpose or reason, example:

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1.- I missed him too much for he was my true love.

Nor: It is used to add negative idea as a response to a previous negative idea, example:

1.- I don´t like ironic people neither hipocratic nor fake ones

Try to make the following examples using Coordinating Conjuctions:

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Fuente Imagen: https://www.teacherspayteachers.com/Product/Coordinating-
Conjunctions-Worksheet-3435946

To summarize check the following image to understand better the use of

Coordinating Conjuction. Please pay attention to how to use “Puntuaction Marks”
with FANBOYS :

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Fuente imagen: https://www.myenglishteacher.eu/blog/coordinating-conjunctions/

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 Pregunta de Reflexión

1.- If you need to express your taste and choice of food, what coordinating
conjuction would you use?

2. PAST SIMPLE:

Fuente imagen: Office

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Past Simple Tense indicates any action that happened in the past of the speaker, it
is an action done and finished. Past simple usually use regular verbs = - ed (next
ítem) or irregular, example:

Note: please consider these following verbs and how they changed into past regular
verbs:

Its structure needs to apply an auxiliar (DID) and regular/irregular verbs that will
indicate that it is a past action. Let see how to build sentences with past simple tense:

Affirmative:

Noun/pronoun + regular/irregular verb + object

Examples:

I went to a concert yesterday

Jessica and Alvaro bought a new house at the beginnig of this year

Rodrigo talked in the meeting about new challenges for our company.

Questions:

Wh/ h + Did + noun/pronoun + main verb + object + ?

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Examples:

Did you change your mind?

What did you do last night?

Where did you buy those shoes?

Answer:

Yes, no + noun/pronoun + did / main verb in past

Examples:

Yes, I did

No, I didn´t / did not (negative)

Yes, I bought it in a store

Note: questions with Wh- h, your answer must be as an affirmative sentence,

example:

What did you do last night? – I went to dance with some friends.

Note: Consider that time expresion in past also helps to identify when an action was
done in past tense, example:

 Ago
 Yesterday
 The day before yesterday
 Last year, week, month, season, etc
 Specific time: he died in 1867

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Verb To Be in Pat Simple:

When you use verb To be in Past Simple, it has its rules:

He – She – It – I : is/am was

They – you – we – : are were

Examples:

I was in my room when you called me

They were in Berlin when I got married

She was a great actress and talent, now she is retired

(The use of verb to be into past simple will be check in another chapter.)

Now please observe the next dialogue and see how the past simple works.

Fuente imagen: youtube

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Read the following sentences and add in the gap the right verb into Past Simple
Tense:

1.- We really _______(enjoy) the party last Saturday

2.- ____________(Marcos / win) an award in his company?

3.- They______(not attend) the meeting yesterday. They arrived late.

4.- How many guests______(arrive) at the wedding ceremony?

5.- Where ______ we spend our holiday 3 years ago?

6.- My father______(buy) me a new car when I finished my university studies

7.- Susana______(stop) her yoga practice after she had a car accident last year.

For a better understanding of Past Simple, please check the following link:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=moYDA4jbPy4

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 Pregunta de Reflexión

1.- Yesterday you arrived late to an important meeting in your job, now you
need to explain it to your boss: What would you say to your boss about what
happened ?

3. REGULAR OR IRREGULAR VERBS (PAST SIMPLE)

Fuente imagen: Gentileza de Office

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The regular or irregular verbs are commonly used in Past Simple tense, both are
used to indicate that an action was made and finished in the past.

They have different kind of transformations as verbs:

Regular Verbs:

It is formed by adding -ed to infinitive, examples:

Infinitive: work Regular verb Past: worked

Dance danced

Those that end with e just need to add an – d:

Infinitive: hate Regular verb Past: hated

On the other hand, those verbs ending with consonant, this is the rule:

Infinitive: admit Regular verb past: admitted

Stop Regular verb past: stopped

 Add a double consonant

And those verbs ending with “y” it changes into “i” + adding - ed:

Infinitive: try Regular verb past: tried

carry Regular verb past: carried

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Ending with: “s”, “ch”, “sh” or “z” it changes adding – ed

Infinitive: watch Regular verb past: watched

wash Regular verb past: watched

miss Regular verb past: watched

Ending with: “ie”, it changes adding - ed

Infinitive: lie Regular verb past: lied

Note: those verbs ending with “y” but following a vowel, it is their rule:

Infinitive: play Regular verb past: played

obey Regular verb past: obeyed

Speaking: It is really important when you speak English, you need to pronounce
clear in order that the receiver can understand what are you talking about and what
TENSE are you refering to. Please check the entonation, pronunciation and rythm
of Regular verbs in the following link:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zqhQYccC8so

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Irregular Verbs:

Irregular verbs form change completly most of the time, you need to practice and
memorize them as much as you can, in this way you will be able to recognice them
and put them into practice.

Here you have a list of irregular verbs that you need to learn:

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Fuente origen: https://rinconingles.blogspot.com/2010/12/verbos-irregulares-en-pasado-
simple.html

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Now please read the following dialogue and analize the use of Past Simple tense with regular
and Irregular verbs:

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Fuente origen: http://www.elllo.org/grammar/L3-CEFR-A2/L3-24-PastTense.htm

Try to make the following exercises and apply all the knowledge given about Past Simple:

1.- It ______(be) great.

2.- I ________(travel) around by bus with two friends and we_____ (visit)
lots of islands.
3.- In the evenings we usually ______ (go) to the cinema.
4.- One night we even_______ (learn) cultural traditions.
5.- We _______(be) very healthy.
6.-It_________ (not / rain) a lot.But we_____ (see) some beautiful rainbows.
7.- Where _______(spend / you) your honeymoon?

Pregunta de Reflexión

1.- Try to explain to your co worker what did you do in your previous work

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 Conclusión

Terminada ya la segunda semana, se entregó nuevo conocimiento para ser aplicado

tanto a nivel verbal como escrito. Herramientas que permiten tener una
comunicación más fluida y coherente.

Al mismo tiempo, se estudió el uso de otro tiempo verbal crucial e importante para
poder expresar acciones pasadas y terminadas.

Los tres puntos desarrollados son fundamentales ponerlos en práctica tanto escrito
y sobre todo hablado, debido a que el uso del Pasado Simple es necesario una
buena pronunciación al momento de hablarlo para entender su diferencia y enfatizar
el momento cuando ocurrió la acción.

Ahora, la invitación es a seguir a la siguiente semana: Adelante!

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 Bibliografía

-Swan, M. (1997). How english works: A gramar practice book. With answer. Oxford:
Oxford University Press.

- Elementary Business Vocabulary in Use (2006),Cambridge University Press

- Oxford Spanish Dictionary (1994), Oxford University Press

- English Grammar in Use (1997), Cambridge University Press

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