51562-1908 'EEE GUIDE FOR DIAGNOSTIC FIELD TESTING OF ELECTRIC POWER APPARATUS 6.3.9 Polychlorinated biphenyl (PC) content This test covers the determination of the PCB content of service-aged cil of all insulating fluids on any given system, Local governmental regulations may require specihe valves ot even <50 ppm, turer’s recommenda THILENE & positive indication forall chosinated compounds whether they are PCE or not. Thentors can should be taken not to introduce other chlorinsted compounds int the provedure Interpretation: PCB regulations vary from atea to area and slate to state, Local regulstors should be ‘consulted for appropriate guidelines for particular areas. 6.3.10 Sludging condi n ‘ Ais test covers the determination of fontaneiotu stud present in servce-aged ll. This testis gener ally not performed unless IFT is <,026: ‘Nim (<26 dysilima) of the NNas >0.15. ‘mg KOH/g oil. {iudee is eresinovs, polymeri-typesubstince that ingarially cofuctive, hygroscopic, and a heat insulator. Ube stein ett wl be agcted ine sige The eee oh ai ee ras oe muon of deterioration ofthe oll, preseneéof containates, or both. It serves as a wareite tet hog Te formation of sediment, This test should be fenerally applicable to service aged insulating oils end the speci test, a portion of ASTM D 1698-84, is intended to determine the extent fo obich de insolating ofl has begun to sludge. The test has value in determining the proper procedure for, ‘performing maintenance on 4 transformer. Ifthe oil has not started ta shudae. ori ludging slightly, the transformer’s oil may be circulated through a fiering (reclaiming}§} ai TUNE fhe life of the ofl and the transformer. Ifthe Ces pow in nang se SR lulege manent ie “required, including the removal of the trafisfos HSErVice did a thorough washing down of the insula. trp cake and cooling system. This i necessary since sludge (sediment) and moisture wil bev se in eolig ssstoms reducing effective cooling, Thre is also a posstliy that the mottos iene tiie ill collet in eiticl regions of letrical stress and result in prmatue falluc oe nee least, reduced heat transfer efficiencies. Record as: A) No sludge, B) Light sludge, C) Heavy sludge NOTE—Tiny, solid partcts may not be shudge. They could be cay fines or antec, 36 Ber Pr reer eee,eke PART 1; OIL FILLED POWER TRANSFORMERS, REGULATORS, AND REACTORS Sts 62-1685 Interpretation: The following #ble indicates the action required depending on the degree of sludge in the of ere soto sade Required action sediment fa No action is required. Continue to monitor Reclaim the of ‘The oil should be serapped. The system should thoroughly ‘ushed and new (or reclaimed) ol shoold be added, 6.3.11 Visual ~ This test éovets.the determination of free water or sediment such as metal particles, insoluble sludge, ‘carbon, Abers, ds, et, in ser¥ice-aged oil, and the analysis and diagnosis ofthese findings. If insoluble contéminants are resent inthe oil, yaluable information concerning the condition of the trans- former and its components mY be obtained by ‘iledithe oll and identifying the residue, This test method may ultimately incérporate a Number of othe? feéts such afY4STM D 1500-91 to help in the diagnosis of the potential problem, Af ‘This testis primarily designed soe tigi ng fel inspectign, the color and condition of sample of oil, Follow procedure ASTID 1924-84 G5 Puan su = 4 . ‘ aed Interpretation: Visoal examioation of dik for AS and op iystice of sediment. The oil should be sparkling, bright, and cleas. NS es fo’ sh ‘The observation of cloudiness: Patces of nation des of metal comosion, or other vadesiable Meare i eet as any unustal tanga lor shouldbe flowed up vith more precios Iaboratory examination and attlysis for proper di 6.3.12 Water content J insilation system has a great *inity for water, mos present will be in the paper. “The diclectric-stieingth of the PAPEr is very sensitive to the presence of moisture as isthe ol. Therefore, itis important that the moisture costent be known and its concentration controlled. An estimate of the moisture ‘content of the paper is determined by measuring the moisture content of the oil. ‘Water migrates between the Sold and liquid insulation in a transformer with changes in load and, therefore, ‘temperature. Consequently, th Concentration of water-it-oil alone expressed in pasts per million does not provide sufficient informatio® t0 obtain an adequate evaluation of the insulation system dryness. Relative Saturation provides a better Valuation under a wide range of operating conditions and temperatures. Even using percent Saturation to evéluate insulation system dryness has some inherent biases due to the fact that ‘water never reaches equilibelui in the solid and liquid insilation. The further from equilibrium the system is ‘when the sample is taken, the 2Tate the bias. The bias may be elther positive or negative and can be affected by short-term transients at solid/liquid surfaces or by longer-term wansitions within the thicker insulation, Farther insight concerning the ‘lative amounts of moisture in the oil and paper insulation may be gained from figures 10 and 11. After Measuring the moisture content of the oil sample in the Laboratory, the percent-38 IEEE Ste 62-1995 IEEE GUIDE FOR DIAGNOSTIC FIELD TESTING OF ELECTRIC POWER APPARATUS aes Saturation any temperature may be determined from figure 9.1 is important thatthe percentage saturation does not approach 30% at the lowest temperature thatthe transformer may be exposed to, Gace the moisture content of the oil is determined fora given temperature, the conesponding moisture Sontent for the paper may be estimated fiom figure Il, Some general guidelines for interpreting, dave Feereresyan Percent saturation of water in ofl and in percent moisture by dry weight of paper are presented in tables Tand 8, respectively. ‘Table 7—Guidelines for interpretation of % saturation of water in oil ———___________ % Water saturation ea Condition p+ os gy insulation 6-20 Moderate to wet. Lower numbers indicate fetly dry to moderate levels of water in the insulation, whereas values towards the upper limit indicate moderately wet insulation, 2m H EJ Bl BJ