Chapitre 6

Programmation orientée aspect (AOP)

2I1AC3 : Génie logiciel et Patrons 
de conception
Régis Clouard, ENSICAEN - GREYC
« L'homme est le meilleur ordinateur que l'on puisse
embarquer dans un engin spatial...
et le seul qui puisse être produit en masse
par du travail non qualifié. »
Wernher von Braun
06
Chapitre
Introduction
2

■ OOP limitations
● Code redundancy
● Code tangling
▶ mix-up of multiple concerns at one place

● Code scattering
▶ a concern is scattered over many places

● Cross-cutting
▶ a concern than spans multiple units of OO modularity

▶ cannot be implemented without code-tangling and code-

scattering
06
Chapitre
Cross-Cutting
3

Class A Class B Class C

Action1 Action1

Action 2
Action2
Action 1

Action1

■ Example : Functional Integrity Constraint

06
Chapitre
Code-Scattering
4

Class A Class B Class C

call method 1 definition method 1

call method 2

call mthod 2
definition method 2
call method 1

call method 2

■ Example: Data Persistence

06
Chapitre
Solutions
5

■ Respect design principles of Chapter 1 !

■ Aspect oriented Programming
● Gregor Kiczales en 1996 à Xerox PARC
● Inspiration: Artificial Intelligence
▶ Object language

▶ Meta-programming

▶ Reflection

● New programming paradigm

● Software programming history
▶ Procedural paradigm

▶ OOP paradigm

▶ OAP paradigm

■ Separates business concerns from crosscutting concerns

06
Chapitre
Aspect Oriented Programming
6

OOP without aspect OOP with aspect

Class A Class B Class C Class A Class B Class C Aspect

06
Chapitre
Definitions
7

■ Aspect
● Unit of modularity.
● Can contain fields and methods like a regular Java class.
■ Joint Point
● Places where crosscutting concerns can be woven in.
● Ex. method call, field access, object creation.
■ Pointcut
● Declaration that selects join points and collects contexts at that
point (regular expressions)
■ Code Advice
● Code to be executed at a join point.
06
Chapitre
Illustration
8

Object program Aspect program

Class A Class B Class C Aspect

Joint Point Joint Point Joint Point Pointcut1(A1,A2,B1,C2)
A1 B1 C1 Pointcut2(A3,B2,C1,C2)

Joint Point Joint Point Joint Point

A2 B2 C2
Pointcut1
Joint Point Code advice 1
A3

Pointcut1 & Pointcut2

Code advice 2
06
Chapitre
Joint point models
9

Method call
public class HelloWorld {
private int max=10;
public static void main(String args[]) {
new HelloWorld().affichage();
}
public void affichage() {
for (int i=0;i<max;i++) {
try {
System.out.println("HelloWorld!");
} catch (Exception e) {
System.err.println("Problème d'affichage");
}
}
max--;
}
}
06
Chapitre
Joint point models
10

Exception
public class HelloWorld {
private int max=10;
public static void main(String args[]) {
new HelloWorld().affichage();
}
public void affichage() {
for (int i=0;i<max;i++) {
try {
System.out.println("HelloWorld!");
} catch (Exception e) {
System.err.println("Problème d'affichage");
}
}
max--;
}
}
06
Chapitre
Joint point models
11

Constructor call
public class HelloWorld {
private int max=10;
public static void main(String args[]) {
new HelloWorld().affichage();
}
public void affichage() {
for (int i=0;i<max;i++) {
try {
System.out.println("HelloWorld!");
} catch (Exception e) {
System.err.println("Problème d'affichage");
}
}
max--;
}
}
06
Chapitre
Joint Point Models
12

Field access
public class HelloWorld {
private int max=10;
public static void main(String args[]) {
new HelloWorld().affichage();
}
public void affichage() {
for (int i=0;i<max;i++) {
try {
System.out.println("HelloWorld!");
} catch (Exception e) {
System.err.println("Problème d'affichage");
}
}
max--;
}
}
06
Chapitre
Code Advice
13

■ Code advice is a method like construct that expresses the

action to be taken at the join points that are captured by a
pointcut.
■ Before advice
● executes prior to the join point
■ After advice
● executes following the join point
■ Around advice
● In such code advice, the keyword 'proceed' is used to specify
where to insert the join point’s execution
▶ can continue original execution, bypass execution or cause

execution with an altered context

▶ can cause execution of the join point multiple times
06
Chapitre
Weaving
14

■ An OAP application
● Set of classes
● Set of aspects
■ Weaving
● Weaving rules specify how to integrate the final system
06
Chapitre
Types of Weaver
15

■ 1/ Static weaver
● Source to source translation.

Aspect code
Intermediate
Class code Weaver Compiler bytecode
source code
06
Chapitre
Types of Weaver
16

■ 2/ Dynamic weaver
● Bytecode enhancement, first compile source with original
compiler, then weave aspects into class files.
Weaver
Determine if a
code advice must
be executed

Pre-Weaver
Modifier Virtual
Class code modifies the Bytecode
class code Machine
class code
06
Chapitre
AOP Paradigm
17

■ Separation functional / non functional parts

● Functional part: business concerns
▶ eg, Add or delete an employee

● Non functional part: crosscutting concerns

▶ eg, Security and access control
06
Chapitre
Examples
18

■ AspectJ (Open Source)

● Static weaver
● URL
▶ AspectJ

■ http://www.eclipse.org/aspectj
▶ Plug-in Eclipse

■ http://eclipse.org/ajdt
 06
Chapitre
Example 1: HelloWorld (before 
weaving) 19

Hello.java World.aj

public class Hello { public aspect World {

public static void main(String a[]){
pointcut salutation() : execution
new Hello().sayHello();
(*Hello.sayHello(..));
}

public void sayHello() { after() :salutation() {

System.out.println("Hello!");
} System.out.println("Salut à toi
} aussi");
}
}
 06
Chapitre
Example 1: HelloWorld (after 
weaving) 20

Hello.java World.aj

public class Hello { public aspect World {

public static void main(String a[]) { pointcut salutation() :execution
(*Hello.sayHello(..));
new Hello().sayHello();
System.out.println("Salut à toi
aussi"); after() :salutation() {
} System.out.println("Salut à toi
aussi");
}
public void sayHello() { }
System.out.println("Hello!");
}
}
 06
Chapitre
Example 2: Debug (before 
weaving) 21

Debug.aj
Example2.java

public aspect Debug {

public class Exemple2 {
pointcut methodEx2() :
private int _x=0;
execution(*Exemple2.*(..));
public static void main(String args){
for (int i=0;i<10;i++) { pointcut CallIncr() :
Exemple2.increment();
execution(*increment(..));
}
}
pointcut Ensemble() :
public void increment() { methodEx2() & CallIncr();
_x++;
} around() :Ensemble() {
} System.out.println(x);
proceed
System.out.println(x);
}
}
 06
Chapitre
Example 2: Debug (after weaving)
22

Example2.java Debug.aj
After weaving Before weaving
public class Exemple2 { public aspect Debug {
private int _x=0; pointcut methodEx2() :
public static void main(String a[]){ execution(*Exemple2.*(..));
for (int i=0;i<10;i++){
System.out.println(_x); pointcut CallIncr() :
Exemple2.increment(); execution(*increment(..));
System.out.println(_x);
} pointcut Ensemble() :
} methodEx2() & CallIncr();
public void increment() {
_x++; around() :Ensemble() {
} System.out.println(_x);
} proceed
System.out.println(_x);
}
}
06
Chapitre
Example 3: Design Pattern 
Revisited 23

■ Singleton OOP : Drawbacks

● Use of non classical constructor
● Restrict inheritance
■ Singleton AOP
● Add a joint point cut on the constructor
● An attribute stores the instance reference
● The code advice returns a new instance (1st call) or the attribute
reference
06
Chapitre
Conclusion
24

■ OOP + AOP = OOP

■ AOP is available as extensions of many programming
languages
● Java
● C++
● Php
● C#
● D
● Smalltalk