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Gedll st CETL paakial ge LOL fill odin Gye syaall alge FS cle Gay GLA TY! oie ey Ope 1966 137 soyile thya,’ MAras) lena! al? VECTOR ANALYSIS Sbyrall ge I egies Kp deeb lly Gt 4S) ely DE AUS Ge habs. Olemcll GIF Clabes Jyey deh Clyde bs, BI TSU NGI oy gyogll Ve G Obed) Joe planned of dE Olnlel Go je ga ual! Lia ye Gailly . Lali] OYouLI Guna Vin ce Goardy de Ande gale SS gay BS yay Epat® Bye Obl! Nia de Gb] pal cedll Ol Hepblilly Hb WS Ul yo dt Jat! Gasdey Lagae Glyntll JAF G pad Laill Mie Gyan Gall go Jad! LOLS Ma byt tae Definitions diyls 1-1 Tele pall go sae de og Wl Gye WW sbyill Llys De ded Gly yee OLS: ey dl iN LS guid yas Yb, JIC yar Wl LK Gyady . (Zoue) slaslais US a gil Te UG ga Uys UT ASsptls cobs US Qe Tae SS ee CLASH Ge WE, fee lo asl Gyazy tents WI LSU pygil Tolacal ance Ul SLL Baey celal bi gad shall US sug Gall 1GW Gat dell Ls uf Wally Wale US gk gh Qa UT Ge gael! WS TB Ge Ce poy de ee Yell OLS! de aes ULI lay Ula ay gay QE pad ga SLA Agtay «Silly Jamal Le ply od) velaill DU gud EYL, jlall Lis sue Gal gagll HV gelgll lee aad. acegiy Gyles! ola LES OTL, DY, sles GF Uylky Gslll oda ye dale Goloy Luis ipa LSI oda ow gly Glei Werlee Bd ge Lady. dagall pols GH Cle Wy Cletll of ap. tensors sacl OLS Joe suiall vogtall Gaal Vector algebra lgnchl ne 1-2 Garten Labbe sgl Ga gl yee W OLS Ghall wll of te AU oe G5 Gaya We Geis lel pt Gol yb ptt Nie BI LW jay BIST LLY! Gls 45 Kall Ose YI (Us plone] X39 Xp 9 Xp CLSl U jay iyo Z 5 Y gy X Opell plat 1a ZL GI GLE ye amc! one plas! Lin Guey A ELI ye Lice Vy 9 Vx SUS 56 Guy SU Gee Yo V Mandl zy Yy XLS YI ol be Vas Vz = |V| cos a1, Vy = [V[ cos az, Vi = |V| cos aa, pte yh gaye Gh gh Gelb GA ake gill BAIS Ob Hole ee) jeeBe GIS OLS W ow SS ge deal ane Gh Uy dao Lily ally lslae VW Mo aad OLS ye JS old «gull GYUI UE Gy od Slslae Ws (ls sls] Coe of Yo uh ol Gas Loy 25 V9 E gta ge Ol MALI). EY dogs Users Eycyll acl ga 15 Kall FOlsLeW sual plas! Yo ut Lol! olLally tod Bale Sy OSS Gil ancl GL Genre aah deol Gwe caemell gad glee C sonst O16 138. cache caentad S,bLU CLS gliByA C=A+B (1-1) . o Cem Ast Bn Cy= Ay t+ By Cy= A+B, (1-2) get GE BY Giles Op AGI Clad! gud Gell Ling - Glatll dell go SUN ancl ental QSL ald Wy lye ob Gynry ISB. EWle Bb Gro agi 5b OLS pl sles GLI» 4G Gill GW Gy -A well ob Gan A ol (-A)e= —Ay (“Ay = -Ay (HAs = As (1-8) of gh HL etl ce YO clea Cb the G5 LY Mie des A =A+(-B). aay (F Of «associative Gill Hols ki Liat! alae ae ol ly OF gy Ning WS Gill ole Alles (le pbs) Cleall A+(B+C)=(A+B)+C=(A+0C)4+B=A4B4C. (1-5) seal § SLI 2 WS abl dee lel ae GISN GLY 6 sf ley el ~ Teeeb lita gS Eph Obed vpfad ope PUG dal of key opal he Ji GG oN, Gols YL ols. ao US JS ghz Gee Ela ode PE Oey - eee C calf 136. Qe qe BBL EGIL Yat Wl SI Os dole Tee RIL A Gyall le He LSA yee LS ol eu B e Be= chy, By=cdy Br = cy. (a6) CS Boob canted le cy ane dle gw A olf 151 cl ely ony saad ancl JUS Lin oS of Gapall & Gel oly «Lai an Ye «ges dled hy Cela Via SEY obghel Guys 6 ST ante ete Ope Gylbll OW 13! LF gt) eee cl YF Sets ceed gly ee cl ee Gyll OSs Cnr Gyo gE oF digde ge Gils pI Wa of ute « (Goal led od oe gpl LL Gel clus Bly old wo eed LS A cpenall G pal dnt WI LS Sy. Jol) clits Ghd! cL ey 25 Dol Ju, A.B: US By AB = AB; + AyBy + A,B,. (an Goole gle nel cl of way Gy oT fas HI Gp lin Bypadl ugh’ pl ety FIL CeboSl cyentll ye JS se Gye kee ole oS AS Ree 6 Sh tee ES Cpa cell cll, = Clad Gre oo Epil Why HEL ode Go Sut Leally dell CLI Sy. evil lilly bli clill op wil gsi BC aq Gyall gibi olf oly CA XB : Ke C=AxB, [ 3f Cy = AyB,— A.By Cy = AyBe ~ AB, Ce = AsBy~ AyBs. (1-8)ce SS slate pe drole ye wcll cll SY GG Call Ming Seb ob dee ccbe Centll oy Sapa! ball Gets VL creel eT el all by) bac Cae ol ZY Ke Ne Orel GF ety able cll oF Le SG ol pall oy Say Ob spl Seg pall Bb oll ib ate desl cade il be K yd ah ge WS ol Lays 1B. cloud) paced 1) pl! CLI! Uyee de Zs V9 KODE (Surly dary oylaie ante Gl) Ante bury JHE SY Ga a il (1-9) Uae ig OS Glos) Repl sell Gur oud! lla Glo sey cabled cll ge BL Sl Gall & eB oT EL). Clgell gait TSI ge ell Jeb wi Lng dell opal LY iylte UWI dacs «MUL ode OySSy canted Yo tote MLN § LB TS OS oT eee fo oe ped Ob ap el Ooglis Gye CaS ol oS GSW LH cy cyl clell bd oS Gl Sell. padtll Agles auty sgh Ge gaat oly LalZW OY UL : Wold cm AX, (1-10) 2 DS iby ae Upnts SA yo Gye LS Jt GLI gl 3 rye Uslall odd lll ddl. Yue Gane X (I-11) SHI as AD cdgly boty Eigeatl Chall Ushi! Ue Boul 94 yyy A oll go OLA ga MEY ting Oy By A cupncll Jo Gogee MEL pater Gigybll op yay AXB —Ol gee Mig A eal Je Gaye AS sie 1b Gee dts B ol 3! Gol gay A sacl Yo caw Lae Qt ete el ol A, B=O Je segs (1-10) Doll git GUI X qa UUs! bl Gary ob sl sais SIpbll Jey .B anill Gly pith Wat! olny ¢ Wall doa PaSV Qal2Y! Dold deb of Le C=AXxX, (1-12) plll LNs. pyle ne Gate Le X ye cuales cate OL Cy A ol 5] PES BW G Ley Voll ob CxA R= rg th (1-18) eS oe Gls Lal WLI olny LAS EalEIY LS ge yw K ol 3! cab 2a) JLT ge ye k ance) ylaally A ec ge © eel os 3 and (1-12) 5 (1-10) gyal G24 ol X Ge olf I3ly . Lal 1 Usldl Ghsy die desl OG CXxA AL xa SXR (1-14) EU! piney. yar Gb Nel GES Bab! olbal qs Key © pay Ob pur Obl Tye Ld Ey hed CSS gle Wher gil PI ew cll VFO. clea oe QIN! Cpall obese! daly Dygr ole! OIL wl aa «D = AB C doll Juul 1 GW, choad! j Az 4y As D=A-BXC=/B, B, B,|=—B-AXxC. (1-15) Ce Cy CG eal Uy « bli, Abid! poy Qate a Y Gyall la gil ol qu eed GY Bas ols! ee Bygpo dy . BI Chae Gs! GUS ell CLT gh SN GU LN LT ey te cw abla Cid Gays puke ULSD = A x (Bx CO) Duly Ytoll rol a2 (1-8) alll ce Le blast anD= Ax (Bx C) = B(A-C) — C(a-B), (1-16) che gow ley . “back cab rule” el daelll ein Je thy ties ISM Osaed «GL abla CLI S Grae GIS ges ol wm Bye ge Gall dhe oS Gradient (Jul! dsl) Jue yl 1-3 gh ally Joli Jay eee eel BES GI! Eg ol Sle ce BAI ye gle daly OV LULL gee Olell Glee BEAN 5 SG ya spol Jas OF AM gays eae Sle tates Que ne wa Jue YL AelEY BL aedy ole tue OlS Tl Lae pedk dale § Maud Wa Gale AW jays ogee Zl dll MEW tae byte lil JE dS ol Lye OS ol Cty . dd/ ds 9 AY 5 AX OLS pa dS Lie 155. AS ancl! jlade Ca ds oly « apaall :GV Ga ga dz de _ tiny GE At y + Ay, 2 + Ae) ~ oh v2) ba0 As de dy 4 de de, + oy dat 30 de Ming Gupta GIS sate Y ds obo dal) Gall 385 ares raed DIL @ pes Of LKey cram GS MY Ula JF OOK, y) ob perks 6% y) = x? + y? DU (1-1) SAG eye ge Sy K Grol 136. olZY Qe wat (x, Yo) Abid! ace DelZY! detll ol re Lhad « dy/ dx = - Xo/ Yo w Gy Gil LEY! ds ae dz, a i oe ee 1-17a) ab22 BNE alyl Bd Gly pee Hy KWy Lge OC VE XT Hy? Dl LD JSal of bar) dy/ dx = yo/ x, Gast ial Ui 2 2 : yi %_ _owepy bee (20 + 28) # TH = 2V2F-F y2, (1-17b) Pee Ung edy/ dx = 9 jl elt dels, dg ds dg Sel. = (to + 2ayo)(I + 7)", (1-170) z0.00 6 pal) byl A Chey ca JEL dell oie Dale FL I3ly DEY wey Lill of Gyaill Leas aie GEA Uae gu a ad ole! SY Bgy3 LEI of gist Lqgtll olay. = of XQ fe deat ClLull oda HEY OW 1B. slat EW os O= x? + y? Mw a ane Celt olZ YI OW Ily Bab 5ll dame 393 oe Syzdll OU Qu! 42 Lele By Salygl an Gall dagall gf Glait Uae 5553 GsbF YE Je lal 52 x? + y? Dall ps Jum ob dy/ dx =-xo/ yg BWh ot! ZY wwos ty? = x2 + yas Le og seu as Vie sly eae Gil ZY gal Va ge eV b= x? + a Masi of cals oe a Lad yd ge pall goal ol] claw (jie do/ ree x? + y? dal alse Kae OSS Gi bybdl olay. sleeY) c# ihil AylLal byktt gf ali contour lines WuUt bybd dk oS TNA Gee 1-2) SRN,» HHL pegeghall LH DI Yo 4b gil ply! contour map inwls ibjlS guy dh = x? + y? = eaay OID Kagelia UbGS 1) SSA g traglt 6 GK y) Dal poy 1-2 JSS 6B olvall old Sigal Jas SI ll bybs 255 pad Ky Galas oh “GE LS = Ox, y, 2” Wh WAM cob Goad Gee le ST Say (1-2) JS sky Gilly BY slab ppl! JSUT of . at! BIG LYN GS clad aa dle py! asl peal ol ya 6 yan tls ght] Gy of Ley Gee oy 23 Gale wv@ Wall ah! Gols ghe Je Layee Os slZI clél ot poly es gy Oly) fe Lge slab yey Ay shee ct aha! G GU oe eel Sey HEY de pe) pal Jae LUG dd ey « grad GW jlaZW Dy RalZY Gath d Te = lerad gl cos 6, (1-18) sgill Wag GlA2M old ly OS OZ! cy Eypatl Sylil 0 of 31 ~ AY EWM ge Line lly . (1-3) Ja ie ae SUIS crow 2 GM JRUL (1-18) Mobi GES LY ds aacll ds bjlaie el) de ds de = alee: (1-19) ene em et Ae HE poly P tba ace Igrad #1. (x, yy 2) Wa age Gals goatee oe Obj 1-3 JI AO! PS UE ysl db! ds 5s ial! yw PQ Ufa Lae Ad/ PQ « laZW explicit form id pall Hb! oe! Ge KE Dalal! olay las Curd OS J ental! plat a Gir obslinW pls Gl plaately Pol Gps bald! ltl VI ds = ide + jdy + kde. Xtrol Gs dis, ee de = aide + ody + 5 de. : © gis (I-19) Uslally Wall oie gay SE de + $e ay + 26 de = (grad y)ede + (grad oy dy + (grad y). ds, Wold Gob Gg MW clas Obs Gholi) CLS Odule GILG yy toe = 198 4 98 4 oe Gade mis + ge + ese (1-20) Gearasy Btelall lsle YW Uy O iach Will sladl ga lie Reh! Hy Olsen Ways Tats AY CML G WS abil GLU de dat de = % ar + ae + say, (1-21) ds = adr + aur dé + agr sin 6 d9, (1-22) oly « (4) Jani gy cee WS by Og Pose Gye ot 3] Be 85 8 y TOLLEY ane Slaey JY ay 5 ay 4 a, OlaS! NAAR 1S COLL Jar Fong (1-19) Dall plunely . geld 9 Vall jd! ge Spall Wall Jo Jot La Wald Gob G demi bgts Ly SI OlsleY Uyy ma Sy gh 4 gt ae grad ¢ oor +E 3g + One 36 (1-23) foPolar axis| Oy Oy Uy SI OlslinW igs 1-4 JS! Vector integration lg! Gul 1-4 os us ts Sledll yea gil Jol ol Ge gh Ske oo ell is isle, Sf pléy LoL ail Lig of Auth GN Ae lS eb Gee Chant) toby ELE! OI aby gts Uo yS5 ad GLI Chall Vials . LLG teal Got Cpl GLASS cy cae JS qeall Of WS py CHa Ul oS Bb Lael ob. Lag ab CUS GSS AI Gop Thali GLK WLS Sy ane gaat Gol ally ancl Gab Lu go Gopal Na RW y Hell CLSU aot! PWSke bot F Quis bus UY Gan F olf tly . fra, (1-24) ec 9 Aces yc dahl Jal! ake jay Gill tell DI ny C pelt ot 3} hel ch OS Uy. ge Ltkly Ge Goll I oleh b Ow hdl UK ob Bare Gols Qed CU d LS yo Fd Riemann oil, Gyys SLI S ete abl LG Gino} Gand ote DI pads C gal ce By A chil Gy spat! 4 bb. oad! ull “sol 3 Abe Glee! By Al, Speall increments Glb3l G nS dan é Abi AUS ate Fo ancll Lb ae A gay «baby J Qelall Se Gee hing «Eyed! Gant HD sary 53k) JT aaa cll # AY TL go Slab gl sae jit Late ogad | LE aT de ght 1 Ragally Gapacll Mia ge peal! Sey. ginal ye GIGI oda Ga IS tags = N i F-dl = lim 0 F;- Al = ee 98 osalesll fe setae Y Golcel ghd) QaiCl gl bed ol pall ges Is. ul ake ae GANG gall Jo WS satay be and b ”s Wee gele Jey deni Sat KAS teal Glin gine Uae pu ral Jal Ue Ley G pte ath ey g, Fed. (1-25) aly BST ays Ljie Gli ga ym dab Bl oS wy vial yl Glee gene Ug hd YG OSS ob GLE Gil clyeill JSal Oy thas es coll delle WE Coll iby stage OtLeel 23M fF ed. (1-26) Syel abl LIS of gre Wag LIKI Ue ue C GjL! Ow Gl GIOVE S bis Tate Os jell Ming one pe Glee Gene Jo wks begs Realy ayer gab Gl LL USE oe San IK Ges oS a ... .. .§6§=§=C6Ehlmhmrmrcrl OF ym Abd! SIC Glee ge LUKE GU LY gL ol. Gill Vda Jerrad ¢ cay ¢ gna) aly parameter pe G3 Gey de Jat O9SKp Cet Upsltel OIG BI pyar hd! UII ge peat) Gog! ceple Via OS gia Uaeaall Lae CTU Qe dy - sols an Lal JS UIC Cle Gopal g ol Tob LLI gt oy Sey Lb Ol gt ae oS I hd LISI host Se EY ad dL ody wleet GRE ene hae Gall LMI JS fe ate) aH LIK ob co gee gS Gebel Gy Nee Lyle hE ot Like Ege ULI oe dy vy Qala Fania) cabal QS OLS ban Gel i» F ol ‘3 [,F 340, az BE day JI Hee ale ja Gl ghaall IS GI yy 3 olf BB. eae OWS ELL. GBI 5h 5 Ghall Yo dope pes m ob Ge S gba Sy Bates JL dehy Lgue al od suey Gl we S cell Ving 2g Ugo deb. Gi AS Corgll ZW Lath bad [ge opeall Coed al by pa ye pay Gl olZV CUS yo ogee Corll EY OS SSNS cee we WS chal Lt GLU Sym Geel EYL Glo BI A 2 JW S Ge che Ye F an (pratt LG Yee, . (1-5) $F onda, Boundary + tly Used ogadl Ugo Sgclll EW go Gh Yo m opel! Ue 1-5 JS! + gab ICI Uy 55 gil Cliglad! ed Able cli op Key de ey Goltel ly Hee ES ge abel IE of Roly ga’ grea LISI esd OY pal Ear OL angi cl de. eS cal vABape ee pall Sand gabe Ga Gyyad LI. geld eluates Gy Gp then Ghall din, + ghbl LIS Ga ad ase «dla LFW Obert) GLIA! ga Lag ob Gane d oy Gate F olf It T= fied, K= [ Fav. (1-28) pak OVI! ode al Otte ga K oly anced ge Jol polss OF ell de ot 3] Ko Gla l lac slut BY oll) UNG JI dey MI olny F OLS Ge WS JS fly LUG Sle ol dod sala yo ye di CLE’ WS Ey Bgl Divergence. pacha! 1-5 Lut pot pil taal! Lelyll c» divergence operator welll Jule ay oyagg) Fo ancll sels Grey . derivation GW ols pill ge GUS (divF iy Le pat jeg) abl AIG GE Gyly aall sels of Tl. phall Go gad; BUT pad ‘ 1 div F = im fir nda. wie ha ashy c (ance dle) ate Y ELE Blo ye wcll! of weiss Lt Ne Aaay Ale Mel Gd ySall Gay pattly . eI qa! BWI de a DEY Wane! GIG Ly OlSae YI (lig Gold! DLS Y Ue ace Y Polsle Y tbsl ge Us Gl ee vel Gul ie pall sacl) AXAYAZ ojlaie Game pate jy Bull! Gls Co coe Giles Ol! Gar] ol Goad aclu inely bye okey WL 2 ge det ae «(Xo 9 Vo 4 Zo) Uaddl ae Uly pawl 4Fs Fa(to + Ax, v2) = Falzo, 2) + O28 Fy(2, yo + Ay, 2) = Fy (2, yo, 2) + Ay Ea eos? (1-29) aFy Fala, ty 20 + Aa) = Felt, 20) + be 24-20 Uy “AZ AY gAX 3 del Sy de Gxt gi agadl Gide wi Ge OS AZAK LLU pase Ob 6X y9# Ge loped YAZ LL pais Wf 62 at de Lope cea A XAY doll pace oly ey oye de bape BW dh sel Gas yh lies div F = in gal Fe(2o, y; 2) dy dz + aray asthe + [p FY(e, Yo, 2) de de taray see + | rte, 20) de dy + Ae Ay ae Ee [Pateo.y2 vac if Fry (2 Yo 2) dz de — i F(t, vs 20) aay} (1-30) (Hib ayeall OF digim Yh 558 BI) opt! G Gad) Cloke pty SVL ode Gb yy HN ZL OS GL! gf ppeslly Ghul Go Gy F scl O55) tall ole ecg Ue BWI SST Ke tue. CI Sarl ltl = Hey oF, oe div B= 2+ Ge (31) dsb. aclall ole¥ dsl GLI esl Ke Ry SHI ollin Yl Ue Gs AG AD SAT ye Ole o inte alieh LE Le inate WU) SLU coll Uy .r?sin G AFAIAG Goby pas] Lin mes oday) Hy SS Sls Yl Ls Ye ad CSW Ge apiall elyeIb .SS ob Jab ga (Gulall Se IL Gye lb ube ie pall Yin Panda F-ndAa = Fyr? sin 60 Ag + For sin @ Ag Ar + Fyr Ar 48. (1-32) WSS Ce Bl ge Fy cals c7F sind of Wall oe ow poly eljek Gpall dll db Cé dll, . Taylor series jl UL. Que cogadh db Cla lec jE) sayy Woh G59 opal § OLS ge had acl Gai a aebl LIS CLL ULI? os {2 (Fr? sin 6) Ar A046 : 1 divF = bm rain 0 ar AOB6 2 pg ai a \. ie + 5 (Per sin 8) AO Ar Ag + 55 (Fer) Ao Ar AG} (1-33) by SW lS VW Cue wel it pall Keel! of a2 QW! ist ey 1 Gals to. 1 oF, in OF) + ng age 34) " 1@ div F = 55 5 PO + rang 36 pas gl Gam aelall Le pall Hpall ale Y dbl oda placcel Sey daz 3!) patall daw Keay pall gar ee oS ol bp lilo Bye (Ushil poke Us Beer oe pel Se DS Go pee vel Spall Gall 5) Ses Ps « eel DlaS sans Gul dee gs V ol bays 136 + isl Aste 295 gil Ul aS Glo Uf, PV.nda of Lol, qed « SUI BLS ys OH DEM LG ne SU OW Hy gl deg) S ght DUI pal Ob ak Vigg « Chandy BUN EW JI aall Lye Le cabot bis! ah fe sell ped Se al daa UI pt, el G pSUll velo! a ys Bua WI pe SW small BLS she pd! boy jaall aa RL Pd lee OL) WIS, ew BE GB Gai GS LG OS, greed JolKall Gale Vigne DIS date sels LUG of welall bs rol gl Vi gadl gate Gal cht de eet) Roped LSf,aivF a =f, F nda, CGE i ALN Gog «Bake WIE oe aS ote dt pein gab of Last : col Gall oe quay ae Sj ops paw Ube AV) ond pe” Uf, Fonda =f, F ads, (1-35) ole ye Spall Hdd aS ISI el gh Une syeall OS Gem Mais Hane ED Ll gh oF Cente Osh Gill agaall QS. Bu) SMI gee GL Gall Mby Syl EAL Lady Jel yf Gare oS BE gl AE le «eM base de (1-35) Walall ga Spell deb i de dead ol LX OW, 1-38) Dallll de cay LUT Ling S chet pre Ak Miah AAW oe Gy WII sue gad oly alldy welll & ys + pial oe Gy Ye JS ‘i - $F nda sim, 5 la, fF adele. (1-36) Gly CV gad Gath LISS Ldke peat gab Le of) HWW! oT ey el dU SIR AV, pnb dt Sy hall he gill gael JatS das Of gag Ming oF ae) > $, Fenda = fh div F dv, (a-a7y yh PRY bayer God UW ycey «sell & ki ge Liber hins cle pl Regblally Sth ySU Ah Gly! sash Go fly sell + LH Curl GH 1-8 1 NGKe ante GUS! Gy. HW! anil ol! old a GAT, 2 GW Gams «curl F vwfe ee EM CE LIS cy Ht GE ye ee GE O} Lace « gaat Dy DAI ently el AlZIL es qe Ge pill apenll «shall Ge peat Ae cust F = Jim tin bf ax Fae (1-38) cp Wad « ewly Byer al vel Gy aly Cail Lin oy all a! Way scence ls Laud imc el gf peal ageall go ental MU cll EY Be oS GUM Gy pt! IG, . clita Staal os LS lac Sly Vd wy cls M we Lb Juul GUY Lepall Beall ge GUN Jal Gaal lie Gans Set eLed ade 31 cos WW Bury) gl eI ALE pe a deck! bury olZL curl F iS of OS of dee aall ye Gill ddl LEI EU Gwe bae GLI tag Ning 8 de dope iu . oe a cul F = im 3 F-a, _ del gag at de Gope gee GS Ghul bl C gall & Ge or OS GH patly C iad! LLG 1 GUY Yond cy BIE 455 Tees 2 WS Goal Jo Gopenll ZI E layed Glee Ginill Lia ej) Ce Spiel fo opel om amt ha! cL Sef aes. (I~ 6) SSS + ge deat (1-38) Doll feel! GUIY Jy Gz asl YS Nae path Lyd! phil IS de plill opal Lylye a ancl! olf Uy deb oi poy 6b CFC cpl oad! Gaal Lap ue ogSll tl gogls axn da ot deed pb LS. LB pall Na Je Jalsa id Debbie 4S Ekdl OLLI tMBLA de Gogad)) a LEM GC nll Gyre Beil ga OK! dl 1-6 JST 9 C gall slated Ye ae apie GI! Jel oft « Fal bath bey eV = Sol ee DB ge as cu = im 2 f oF a, SU Gaps JI eS GB leliyg UI Ly py g BLU Gis, plated Oe Cay acl Ge PII SLs) IG o poy dey . GW Olah del Ole fe oS AS OF Wc Le acl Gol pati els Ag ob 83 Gall BY leds MIL Clsle dW dbs Gar GUY! dye ole Ks Az byde pet! pais Ol AM Gad Ades sell Ie 3G crate! iP BY ge Ge Roget cpobtl ol ad Bare buslacll olslarU jw, col USGS Vly ox ot olZL Gla! 2S» d pb gi bs, jxk=—-kxjsi ge EL GEA Sy J coal Gis oat Lal. of LI | 1 Gls (curl F), = lim > {(-F,(@, y, 2 + dz) + Py(x, y, 2)] Ax Ay + (File, y + Ay, 2) — F.(z, y,2)) Ax Az}. (1-41) wtDW shy sgl WL cogs Moll ole db wey (curt F), = OF: _ Fy ty (1-42) plaktel GUA 2, ¥ GaS Ll ole] LS, IS GLI x ASN Gp ole ve Gand «quid diy ph (cut), = FE — Fe, (curl F), = 2 #2. (4-43), 3) Wye Sule! GlSur YL GUY we oll Say of oI Ly 2 Ob 3) Gload Coste ik aaa culF = 15. (1-44) Fe Py PF; van atel YG Ge Ads! CL b GUY! yo ole! aL. LI Oly tll ge tay Sub! OLSLo I Ge spill Bagany Ange & pb 3 Ley GLY pygie Of ¢ aclctl eg ULI 52 Ss - Stokes’ theorem (S524 ks (ay S13 asl d 2 Sg bbs Rogan ESM GIG Goly Glee glee dye eel BdI LISI 9] ob gay May lib ble ae oi ge aul GUST $F d= I, curl F-nda, (1-45) shly Bybsll cia Objy S chth Lat Gill Gh soul! JF C ol st Sy WIE ge Sone] Spb iy Ling aelall 44k ob, Le voMadd oljlll of ky Cj ga a Jatt (peels AS; ye i QI oh ALS) ISS pyee of Bae ealyl Barly ZL oo WE Qat BAN gal dye hdl ce sell Lyle OS LILI Ge dye PViby BASIS OULU dye CICS GI2 eae phall $Fd= Df Fa. (1-46) UUs JS iol at et BYVL WLI sue Gees Lae Bl od ol PAY desl de eed Hue dal @ Git Fa = lim Sag f Pass. ain, 7 = [cut P- nde, (1-47) bap bape c aclall Gls beak «bl odny . US Bb J gl 2A Ley CVU Ole GAAS Labatt jaghs «Soe dS Oe ks Ge bby sola Sys ye US of ga ie. Further developments 5,5 wijghi 1-7 al Jel BY GW Roby oll WLS oS al poly oe ST 2 SN eee Gab OYE ge Ee gd GUA gf reba! teal oda Go GF Gil Og hy eed SMe sad els ith ob all hols Land Ulbs} UI GUI geil Glball ola gay . Lie 3,1 Pheer degre Lee Sle det oles Uy ee ped SL Gary pols xtdles geo DI Goh, GA alll Ma Gyasy ee dle jlad) sels lates V2: JS Ii. sale CaS, « Laplacian operatorolL. LY uk OSS ube! Glsle Vb sla anced dle dla ge ula! lin th 1 GVW desu) 2, 2% , de, a Nee oe tap +3" (1-48) nnail G rattll nactany « Bical USL WS G Ens deal Lulu! Libs ens] Via GF Dyg Kes Lie Gold ated le gl lad Guid! Ul PM TEL Tho ol Goad . dueball OlsLe VW Lesaeel 151 Gall gy Bue @ i @ curl grad ¢ = | 2 += 0, (1-49) ae an Vie Gli Gh aels OS IS. hed! Gal GhIL Gat tng! olay : Jubal btlie Vl Setal stle tet! ode Geit Key IS : a(aF, aFy a(aF, oF, diveun R= 2 (2s ~ 2) 4 2B aE) 4 = 0. (1-50) pletely date dle GUY GLIY) eT pe ES 555) EL, PAGY Dak Ll do OLS} GS Buledl ole VI curl curl F = grad div F — v°R, (1-51) ASM CLULY co Bubell GUS» ant ye eel OLY of Ge ae ldlae! pls Gl Dy eel CLLY Gyuy + ho dental pala! C51) Dobll Gig sasball ltl Wl ¢ls bet Ake Yo Anal LLolitl algal plus G ey] Ley EIS go Adpalasll algal geal EXE syse oly Hling . GarwWly ell do Fie Dyes Sty I= 1) dyad dG Uall A Qaal Ge cole teu Rowe gad Lange eee Batey duel Olsle YW Uael clits! obo olsle ll tt gat coli lact!GD dyad ULals alge Goats Olpall JF o tee Ve+y) = Vet Ww Vel = owt ve div F +6) = divF + divG curl (F + G) = curl F + curlG VE-G) = F-V)G + G- VF + FX culG +6 x cul F divgF = gdivF + F- vy div ® x G) = G- curl F — F-curlG div curl F = 0 curl gF = gcurlF + Vy X F curl (F x G) = FdivG — GdivF + G-W)F — F-W)G curl curl F = grad divF — WF curl'Ve = 0 Fs¥ nda = fy divF dv FoF -d = fgcurtF-nda Fsenda = fy Ve dv FsE(G +n) da = fy F div G dv + fy (G+ V)F dv sn X Fda = fy curl F dv Food = fanX Voda ol ces Sel Que aletly Sees lS Gk Ess ITE, : de vat gil Green’s theorem gS & 85 Kuali J, Wie ~ eV) dv = § (ered e — pgrady)-nda. (1-52) raell Jo sell 4k Gebd ye Lkil oie Qs, F = ygrady — ggrady. (1-53) te Ga J, Siv Werad ¢ — 9 grad yldv = §. (grad e — p grad y) nda, (1-54) dyad) bed) ance eed Ope gb scly GES gl lel Jul, Dee (1-1 tAdiv ( grad ¢) — div (y grad y) = yp — gv. (1-55) oS Wyk de dat (1-55) 4 (1-54) culo gens Lal wily. lett dle Go spat LLL oda Ge Lgl Like, Lass IS RELL glazed Go a Jol UI labaals daglh SLI ge ual! JS Lyle 3h Gol CLT i, al gy Lile dejo de pat! ad AUS Nae nggt IS Lider y Epdgll Lin ow al cll 4co Cy By A LUI Lh 25 obal gay Sal Olga! ol cule 131 1-1 Jol tbs op gay! Dy Azit+it+k, B= 2+ 3j, C = 3i+ 5j — 2k, D=k—j. + bel Oy Lat se f cobs l@ CD 4 AB hdl ol cot rOlulate GSW Gell of ett 1-2 A = i+ 4j+ 3k, B = 4i+ 2j — 4k. rOlell of ge gay 1-3 C = 3i — 4j — 4k AG Ge Gilye Jos 24S Moll Gob ae 1-4 A=B-—C SHE oh! Og” gay loeaia atl udly tee IS ol gy 1-5 A = icosa + jsina, B = icos#+ jsin8 Kot Boa coeslgll Odaw ely OXY Goll G Bly sate Bary gs saa WI CL plakiul cos(%-$) J dive ae. GSA de ee atey dell tein hay Garr y Gu Lan A olf 151 1-6 rol ga «&, y, 2) dba @—A)-A=0Goin Dale pe tol gh 1-7 eee Vee ee «RLS MLA ca sySAll cyenll Go fag AT lec 5S ales op 9 A LW, Qe LE Cy Wl) Ola Cy By A calf 131 1-8 :ol & CyB (AX B)+ BX C)+ (Cx A) ABC Gyiall Je Gages ante ge «sll Ganga (1-12) Usual Jo ga (I-13) Dall of est 1-9 [A Ge Goyer C acl! ol dl as (1-12) doll of de ¥] Pb Yee QilgY! GLEE @ jlaél we 1-10 ds = dra, +1 diay + dek. (1-21) caatolall bg le Ge Ge Kody rol es Gb ay ley Slay) phil) Gia ante slabs JY ry SI ltl awl. (1-22) 5 Alpe) Gls Rathy cabal Ryle 0 5 «hell ths ye Rca gh gc Rly Gye ge Like Hoge BLU Gr Ob sagt bin dye GI sk Bilge olste Wy Fo ancl wcll Id oe 1d acl Gaz yas aoill acho ue 1-12 iG? + ye) + iv? + 22) + kG? + ay). AUS ell Gli ae f ye 2) Aaa JI Geel thts ce Oye Gee te ob de 31 1-13 PAS fuel ine gad (x, dive = 3; curlr= 0; © (u-grad)r =u, ty«(Ae 3 yp U ol te) rol oe «GU Gan A olf 13h 1-14 grad (A-1) = (I-21) Jgahl 3 ootteell (9) 5 1-6) oliglall dee Gir 1-15 Ma JI uo Abts ye pyeye Ate gla YF ol de 13) 1-16 rol gay ort aS dls fl) 4 (x,y, 2) mage) = ES. Senta geduabcll OLS Sears (1-51) Dalal dene Gir 1-17 GES B ayy [SF Olslie YW ok, WF cigyal a ege._sfs Clelbell ge AA gl aselyy sebsll 44b5 punted dhe] . (1-1) LOH) Ugahl ge dg¥l ciadll Bb ayySill wsis Leg gS!) SoM ASL gS! ELECTROSTATICS Electric charge QSL) Gast) 2-1 te3- aall pawl JI OK Wy LW OWS dail chaste a95 Babi, call blll ge gpa bt dls of gat! Ga Gyllll u» ofp as BUA oye WS oT 31. Gosll G Spio ghd bls] ALU OG Spall & oe 3 atey GyS ele Get tyr Lok CO Gyally CoG jl GAS a LAS pygie LEST glad Lyall ole ol ame be eee gh WSU Gad! Ol 15) AI Ue DE GY Gadd Endl! spall ep dey GySclh Ged OW WS es ie Cred | ISS Glatt gb JES Ob IY yuntlly Ball dtl led! of Gai Gf Gad! Teepe tanty Gyate Gyall U5 buat DI Spall ga Wall dhe sLst AL Lat Gynte blbll Livy LB Gee OS GI EL Slee aye ELT ole Ge Lal Cpl GS OU gly by sigaiy OU y57 Go OFS oll Qa oO] My des (Ob Ig Cb yg wl a) olat OF LB Chit! ob co Sle one oe SH Gd Lal hs ders ge doll of ye pel WEY clad odb BLL scl! AL WSO Gail) OU Stl ltt Stdy Age Clink ¢ Olintll ga cues ogy ge HDD Gaullly ola SS or a Byler CLS Yo God Soll G Rolie! Eb of, UL tra a gle » « Reape EI dey Ge «Lent WIS openly «gyi alles pb! ol dy ¥ WS Opts wd! G) Uys Laid . Laslll intl oe gh (Kad UL) Sb AIYI one G Lat ge Ly} ZU Lat das Leolll Spaall by Geaill Wa by. (Lat Lege) bigiggl! one D calli 2G GALL dle LAW ye tall. SE yh ad of SY Gat of DI dyad GLa gts ad Se eal EU ey Geey 85 ol SEY dle Lyk USI US Satl gut Gl) Gad dle of ay take Jil chat ets tis tyke 4Y as fe ok, Ge Gy (claw Coulomb’s law tgl9F Ggsl5 2-2 BS ad Read) pl Ew By Gar pte gall Oa) eG! Sey WELW CLAD gy Abd) Soild A> Lhe OLLS Ue dpanll oma BY od! HS § da Use ot gil ole lal AW per Gaal CSF eee EAL WS) Glad oe ape Y bis oles Ska _ | ALI Glatly dell Slat pl poll! BI sacs) de dad ag 655 Yo lar} obbi clint 35 - © te Ke ky ail ode sling enti Ge oll giz! Bailly goat Ge ab e | CMBR CLAM GW NS) lS as OSS Qe cy aS5ll «(uae GLAD GAS 31 SE as OSG, ALS Got de pslS osil pyell geal ole clall de Cyil GSM ola ye Lely any Gly (1806-1736) p59 G2 canes syd ge Cletlh Gees els ogi lio Sey. HH WSS pte Geli! GW ge deans Js hail G Usczall jy tt