Chuong 4 Chuyén dé béi duéng hoc sinh gidi ‘Trong chuong nay chiing toi trinh bay 6 chuyén 48 bi duéng hoc sinh gidi todn cho hoe sinh tigu hoc. Céc bai todn duoc chon loc sép xép theo timg chuyén dé mot cdch hop ly 06 tae dung phét triéa te duy cho hoc sinh mét eéch tich care, Noi dung céc chuyén a8 bao trim cdc dang todn tir trade én nay hoc sinh tigu hoc thutng gap trong cac d8 thi hoc sinh gidi todn. 4.1 Chuyén 481 CAC BAI TOAN VES VA CHUSO 41.1 Tém tat kién thite thuong str dung Khi giai cdc bai todn thude linh vue nay ching ta cin lu ¥ st dung m6t sé kién thite sau: 7 Tiong hai sé ty mhién, s6 ndo 06 s6 chit sf nhiBu hon thi lén hon. 2. Néu hai sé cd cling s6 chit sé thi sé nao 6 chitsé du tién ké tir trdi sang phai I6n hon sé Ién hon. . 3. Hai s6 ty nhién lién ti€p hon kém nhau 1 don vi va ngugc lai hai sé ty nhién hon kém nhau 1 don vi a hai s6 ty nhién lién tiép. 74Ngo Dinh Quée 5 4, Hiéu cdch biéu dién thap phan cla sd ty nhién ab=10xa+b abe=100xatl0xb+e 41.2 Cédc bai todn gidi bing phan tich sd, thay adi chir 3d, viét sO Loai todn nay cé cdc dang sau: Dang 1. Viét s6 ty nhién tir nhimg chi s6 cho truée. Vi dy 4.1. Cho 4 chit 860, 5,6 va 9 a) Viet duge tat ed bao nhieu sO'c6 4 chit 36 khdc nhau tis 4 chit 36 da cho ? 3) Tim s6 én nhdt, s6'nhéd nhét c6 4 chit s6'khdc nhau dugc vit tis 4 chi 86 trén. c) Tim sé lé lon nha, s6 chén nhd nat. c6 4 chit s6'kiude nhau duge wet ti: 4 chet 36 da cho. Lai gidi. 2) Lin lugt chon cdc chit sO hing nghin, hang tram, hing chue, hang don vi nb sau: 0 3 céch chon chit s& hang ngbin cia s6 thod man diéu kign dB bai (vi s6 0 khong ding duge vi tr hing nghin). ~ C6 3 cdch chon chit sé hang tram (a6 la 3 chit sd cbn lai). | G6 2 céch chon chit s6 hang chuc (46 18 2 chit sé cdn Ii khéc véi chér s6 hang nghin va hang tram). "C4 mot ech chon chit s6 hing don vi (A6 Ta chi s6 con Iai khéc ef chit sd hang nghin, hang tram, hing chyc). Vay 86 cde 96 viét duge 18: 3x3x2x1=18 . b) $6 lén mht 6 4 chir sé khéc nhau duge viét tir 4 chit s6 48 cho phi of chit 36 kang nghin Id s6 lén nbat (trong 4 chi si 3 cho). Vay chirsd hang nghin cha s6 45 9. Chit sé hang tram phai l& chit sé 1én nha trong 3 chit s6 cbn lai. Vay chit sd hang trim Ia chit s6 6.76 “Thye hich gidi ton tiéu hoe & Chuyén dé béi duong hoe sinh gidi Chit s6 hang chuc phai la chits6 én nh&t trong 2 chirs0 con lai. Vay chit sé hang chuc la 5. Sd phai tim 14.9650. Tuong ty ta od 36 bé nhat la 5069. c) $6 1é lén nht thod man diéu kién ala a8 bai phai cd sO hang nghin la sO lén nhat trong 4 s6 44 cho nén chit sé hang nghin 1a 9, Chi c6 2 86 18, nén chit sf cudi ciing (hang don vi) la 5. Chir sé hang tram phai la chit sO lén nhat trong 2 chit s6 cdn lai, nén chit so hang trim la 6. Vay s61é 1dn nat phai tim 1a 9605, ‘Tuong ty s6 chin nhé nbét cBn tim 1a 5096. o Dép sd: a)18; b)9650, 5069; c) 9605, 5096 Dang 2. Viét thém m6t sé chit sé vao bén phai, bén tri hoac xen giira 6 ty nhién. ‘Vi du 4.2. Tim mét s0 tw nhién cé hai chit 86, biét ring néu viet them chit s& 1 vdo ben trdi s6'd6 thi ta duge mot 36 gp 5 lin sé dé cho. Li gli. Goi sé phai tim IB @B, viet thém 26 1 vio bén trdi sé dé ta duge Tab. Theo bai ra ta oé: ‘Tab = 5 x ab 100 + ab = ab x 5 (cu tao sd ) 100 = ab x 5 — ab (cting gidm od hai vé di ad) 100 = (5 — 1)ab (nhan mot 86 voi mt hiéu) 100 = 4 x ab (nhan mét sé vdi mét hiéu) ab = 100 : 4 = 25 (tim thira sO cla tich) Dap 86: 25 Dang 3. Xda bét mét sé chit sd cha mét sé tu nhién. Vi du 4.3. Cho mét s6'cé 4 chit so. Néu ta xéa di chit sé hang chuc va hang don up thi 6 dé gidm di 4455 don vi. Tim 56 dé ?