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Resolució analítica
b)
Igualant components:
La solució és x = –6 i y = 4.
Resolució gràfica
Movent-nos a partir del punt A 5 unitats en el sentit Fig. 3.
positiu de l’eix OX i 3 unitats en el sentit negatiu de
l’eix OY, arribarem al punt B, com s’observa en la fi-
gura 1. j 5.3 Vector posició d’un punt
b) 3> Sabent que i B(5, 2), determina
les coordenades del punt A de forma analítica
i gràfica.
Resolució analítica
Resolució gràfica
Movent-nos a partir del punt B 3 unitats en el sentit
Fig. 1.
negatiu de l’eix OX i 5 unitats en el sentit positiu de
l’eix OY, arribarem al punt A, com pots observar a la
2> Determina els components cartesians i el mò- figura 4.
dul de cadascun dels vectors següents. Fes-ne
la representació gràfica en cada cas.
a)
b)
Resolució analítica
a)
Fig. 4.
1
Matemàtiques 1 Batxillerat – Activitats complementàries
Per tant, e = 553,13º
(−1)
2
f) f = + 32 = 1 + 9 = 10
Fig. 5.
b)
Per tant, f = 10 108,43º
Resolució
Fig. 6.
e) (3, 4) f ) (–1, 3)
Resolució
a) a = 22 + (−2) = 4 + 4 = 8 = 2 2
2
En conseqüència,
(−3)
2
b) b = + 32 = 9 + 9 = 18 = 3 2
En conseqüència,
Per tant, b = 3 2 135º
( 3 ) + (−1)
2 2
c) c = = 3+1 = 4 = 2
En conseqüència,
Per tant, c = 2330º
2
Matemàtiques 1 Batxillerat – Activitats complementàries
8> Donats els punts A(2, –1), B(3, 5), C(1, 3) i 11> Donats els vectors i ,
D(x, y), calcula les coordenades
del punt D sa troba els components dels vectors i
bent que els vectors AB i CD són equipol·lents.
.
Resolució
Resolució
La solució és: x = 2 i y = 9.
12> Determina els vectors unitaris en la direcció
En conseqüència, D(2, 9). i el sentit dels vectors:
a) b)
9> Els punts A(2, 1), B(–3, 7) i C(6, 9) són tres
vèrtexs consecutius d’un paral·lelogram. Troba Resolució
les coordenades del quart vèrtex D.
Resolució a)
D(x, y)
AB i CD són equipol·lents.
En conseqüència, AB = DC
b)
3
Matemàtiques 1 Batxillerat – Activitats complementàries
→
j 5.6 Combinació lineal 15> Calcula m perquè els vectors u = (−m − 3, − m)
→
de vectors. Dependència i v = (1 − m, − 1) siguin linealment depen-
i independència lineal dents.
16> Els vectors (3, 5) i (–2, m) són linealment
dependents. Calcula el valor de m.
Resolució
b)
Resolució Resolució
Suposem que són linealment dependents:
a)
b)
ℝ Com que són linealment independents en realitat,
Són linealment dependents. x ≠ −6.
−4 = 4k + 5h 3
d) → k = ; h = −2
−5 = −2k + h 2
3
Per tant, a = u − 2v
Són linealment dependents. 2
4
Matemàtiques 1 Batxillerat – Activitats complementàries
19> Demostra que els vectors (–1, 3), (2, 5) i 22> Expressa el vector (3, 5) en combinació lineal
(–2, 6) són linealment dependents. dels vectors (–1, 2) i (1, 6).
Resolució Resolució
Igualant components:
Igualant components:
La solució és: i
1
La solució és: k = 0 i h = . Són linealment depen-
dents. 2
23> Els vectors (–1, 3) i (2, 5) són una base del pla?
En cas afirmatiu, expressa el vector (1, 19) en
j 5.7 Bases del pla combinació lineal dels dos vectors de la base.
Resolució
20> Si les components del vector
w en la base que
formen els vectors {{uu == (2, − 1,3)}}
1),, vv == ((−−1,3)
(2, −1) Només ens cal veure si els dos vectors són lineal-
són (3,2), troba: ment independents:
a) Les components de w en la base canònica. perquè
b) Les components de w en la base que for-
Per tant, els dos vectors són linealment indepen-
men els vectors {{m
m == (4,0) (0,3)}}..
(4,0) ,, nn == (0,3)
dents i, en conseqüència, són una base del pla.
Resolució Expressem el vector (1, 19) en combinació lineal
dels vectors de la base:
a) w = 3 ⋅ u + 2 ⋅ v = 3 ⋅ (2, −1) + 2 ⋅ (−1,3) = (4,3)
Igualant components:
La solució és: k = 3, h = 2
5
Matemàtiques 1 Batxillerat – Activitats complementàries
BA = A − B = (3,2) − (8,1) = (−5,1)
3,2 )(=3,2 (−)))5,1 ()8,1
(BA 8,1)))))== (−−−5,1 )))) = C − B = (9,6) − (8,1) = (1,5)
BA = A − B =
=)A−−(8,1 = − =
===((((3,2 −−−((((8,1 ===((((−−
BA B 3,2 8,1 5,1
BA
BA
BA
BA
==
===AAAAA−− −−−BB BBB== 3,2
3,2
3,2 ) ) −− 8,1
8,1 −5,1 5,15,1
5,1 BC )
9,6 − 8,1
c)
BA = BA A −=BA=−(B3,2 =)(−3,2 ) −)(8,1
(8,1 = BC(−)5,1
== (C)−−5,1 B )=BA
(BC
BC
BC
== )CCCC−−−BA
===CA
(BBBB=====)A((=(3,2
−
(1,5
9,6
−
9,6 B )))=))−−=−−−−A)=(((((8,1
8,1
3,2 B−))))=) −=
= ===(=(((3,2
(8,1
1,5
(
−
1,5 5,1 ) )))BA
−
−)= ))(−8,1 (i (BC ) ==))(=(−−5,1
5,1 )) ⋅)(1,5) = (−5) ⋅ 1 + 1 ⋅ 5
BA = A − B = (3,2) −(8,1
BC
BC
BC
=
C − − B B =
BB == (3,2
= ( ( 9,6
BA
9,6
9,6
9,6 BA −
8,1
A
8,18,1
8,1 B = (1,5
1,5(
1,51,5 3,2 ) 8,1 (5,1
−5,1
()1,5)=()(−BC
BA
) )== = A −−
=B)B(==−
3,2
(9,6
) −
)⋅⋅⋅)=⋅⋅)((−=(1,5
5))B − (
−(+(8,1 8,1 ) = (
)1 ==⋅=)5=)((=−(−=−−−((5559,6
= −
(8,1
− 5,1 )
+5=)1=
(BC C((5,1 )))(−)5⋅⋅⋅9,6
= − BA
A
8,1 5,1
=BCC −A=B−CB=−= )(−9,6
(=3,2
(B9,6 )(8,1
) (−8,1 −)(8,1
=) BA )(=−i )5,1
(1,5 BC 5,1 BA
BA
5,1 i=⋅
C
BC A1,5 −=
====((((−−
=5,1
5,1 − 3,2
− 11,5 8,1
C))))B==
−
⋅⋅⋅111)11)−
1++
5,1
++++)(111−
(⋅⋅⋅⋅1,5 505)= =) − −55+
)−−−(555=51,5
++555)5=
=0
)))BC
BCBA = = −BC 9,6
BA
BA
BA
BABA
iiiii BC
BC
BC
BC −−−5,1
5,1
5,1 BC ⋅⋅((1,5 C= −
1,5
1,5
1,5 −= (B(−−=5551,5 ) 118,1 ⋅(⋅55558,1 =====− (1,5
+++ 55 ====)00000
BC = llavorsB )=)−(⋅ (9,6 == CCC−−−BBB===((9,6 ) −1,5 ((−8,1 B )=)(5,1 (1,5
1,5))−) (8,1) = (−5,1)
= ()−
)−5=()8,11 5+))1⋅ BA
Són linealment independents, són base =1(1,5
)⋅BC
BC 9,6 − 8,1 ===(3,2
⋅=i()− B5(és
BC
=C()−− (⋅1,5 −A55−i=+=BBC (03,2 ) BA 09,6
)(BA −Al’angle=)8,1
=)=((⋅− ))1,5 (⋅−(11,5 5)⋅)5=⋅ 1=(+−−515)⋅+⋅515=+=−105⋅ 5+ =5 −
(B−5,1 (1,5) 8,1 (5i−=BC i) BC
BABCi BA= Ci=−BC 9,6
⋅5,1 1,5 − ⋅ 5+=1BA −5=5= =+ −BA = )⋅ =⋅1recte. () =0
=−−5,1 +
BC Hem demostrat
BA 5,1 que 8,1 5,1 1,5
del pla.
BC ( −5,1 1,5
) = ( −5 ) ⋅ 1 + 1 ⋅ 5 =5−+55+=5 0= 0
= (5(−−+ )(=)8,1 (0(1,5 )−=))B=(=1,5 =((−(−59,6
)5)vectors
BA i BC = −5,1 ⋅ 1,5 = −
BA i BC = (−5,1)(⋅ (1,5 1 )) =((
−5)) ⋅ 1(+BC 51)⋅⋅5=1BA )⋅ ⋅1)1−AB
BA i BC
i BC =l’angle = − 5,1
5,1 ⋅
⋅=⋅format 1,5 = − 5 ⋅ 1 ++(18,1
+ 1 ⋅
⋅ ⋅5AB 55B)==−
= −
=i−−A (5AC5 5=++:5()58,1
+ 5 =
==0)0− (3,2) = (5, −1)
0
=C+ −1i5⋅B5BC
BA
Trobem
+=5(=−9,6 = 0 )5,1 −5A,
BC C1,5 pels 1= 1,5
−1 = 2k → k = −
d) (−1,0 ) = k ⋅ (2,0 ) ⇔ AB = B −A =AB (8,1====)BBBB−−−−−(3,2
AB
A =)((=8,1
8,1 (5,i)))BC −1()3,2
3,2)) =
)==1==(+((((5, 5, − −11))
0= 0k → k ∈ R
2
BA i
AB
AB
AB
BC
AB === B(B−−− 5,1
AAAAA)=====⋅ ((BA(8,1
8,1
8,1
8,1
1,5 ) )−−=−−−(((((3,2 =3,2
3,2
3,2
− 5()−)⋅=5,1
5,
5,)5,1⋅−−⋅−(−151,5
5, 111))=
AC ) )=−=5C (+−−55A)==⋅ 10(9,6 + 1 )⋅ 5− =(3,2
−5)+=5(6,4
= 0)
B −=AB=−(A8,1 = )(−8,1 = −
) −)(=3,2(5,) =−1()5, −1) AB
(3,2 AC C A = (
AC
9,6 = ) C − − ( A
3,2 = ) (=
===B((((9,6
9,6 ( 6,4
− A)=))− ) − ) ( 3,2 ) =
−==((8,1 ( 6,4 )
−)))1))−)= (5,(3,2 −)1=)(5, −1)
AB =AB
llavors no són base
AC
AC
AC
AC
AC ==B
== CC − −−AAAA==
CCC −AB 9,6
8,1
9,6
9,6
AB
9,6 AB ) −=−−B=((((3,2 −8,1
3,2B3,2
3,2 A−))))=A= = =(((6,4
6,4
3,2
5,
6,4
6,46,4
(8,1 ))(−3,2 ) = (5, −1)
Són linealment dependents, = − ( = () () − (
) )
( = () −
AB
AB ) == BB −− AA == ( (
8,1
8,1 ) ) − − ( (3,2
3,2 ) ) = = ((
5,5, − − 11 ))
−C A−)=A=(=(9,6 ))−)(−3,2 ( (3,2 ) )=)(=6,4
A (=9,6 ) −)(−3,2 8,1
) =) (=6,43,2 5, 1
del pla.
ACAB AC =AB
C
= C= −B A− = − B
A (8,1
= A 9,6 (3,2
− 3,2 (5,)−1) AC
= 6,4
AB
= C − A (9,6
= B AC− A = = C 8,1
−
ACAC A )=−C=(3,2
= − 9,6 3,2 − = 3,2
6,4 5,
(9,6
− 1 = 6,4
(6,4 ))
( ) ( ) ( AC) = C − A = ( 9,6 ) − ( 3,2 ) = ( 6,4 )
B − A = (8,1)(AB
= C − A = 9,6=) B
− 3,2 (−= A5,
− 3,2=) =(8,1
−1() ) −) (3,2) = (5, −1)
AC = C − A = 9,6 − 3,2 = 6,4 AC = C − A = 9,6 − 3,2 = 6,4
AC = C − A = (9,6 ) − (3,2) = (6,4 ) AB = AC 6,4
( ) (
j 5.8 Producte escalar AC = C − A = (9,6 ) AC − (3,2 = C −= A6,4
) ( = ()9,6) − (3,2) = (6,4 )
de dos vectors
pC==(2, 90º −1–) i45º q ==(45º 3, −2)
25> Donats els p = vectors ( ) ppp===((2,
2, − 1 i q
p = ( 2,
3, − 12 )
−−−11111))))iiiii qqqqq=
i q
=
===((((3,
( 3, − 2 )
−−−−22222))p))⋅ 3 ⋅ q = 3 ⋅ p ⋅ q
2,−− = 3, −
demostra que es compleix:
pp == ((2,
3⋅ p ⋅ q =
2,
2,( ) ( ) 3,
3, 3,
( ) 28> Donats els vectors, calcula: a = (2, −5 ) i b = (1,3)
( ) (((( )))) ( ((( )))) ((( )))
p = (2, p =−31(⋅ )2, pi−⋅q1q)==i (q3, p ⋅=−33323⋅(⋅⋅)3, p⋅q−⋅2q=)=3 ⋅pp ⋅⋅p 33⋅ q⋅⋅ qq =
===pppp⋅⋅⋅⋅ 3333⋅⋅⋅⋅qqqq ==
p = (2, −p1)= i(2,
===333333⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅ pppppp⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅qqqqqq
q p− =1)3,i −q2= (3, −2) −3,2−)2
=(p (=2,(−2,)1−)1i )qia=q=(=3,
(2, ( −5))i abaa ===((2,
−)55)) ii bb =
−−−5555)))iiii bbbb====(((((1,3
1,3))
( )
p = 2, ( ) ( )
p = ( 2, − 1 ) 333⋅⋅⋅ppppp ⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅qqqqq==
i q = ( 3, − 2 ) p p === ( (2,2, −− − 1 1 ) ) i
i q q = = = ( ( 3,
3, − − − 22 )) aaa == = ( ((2, −
1,3
2,
2, 2,2, −
= 1,3
1,31,3)))
1,3
=3p⋅ q⋅ 3=⋅ q3 ⋅ =p3⋅(q⋅ − p 1⋅ )q i q = (3, 3 ⋅ p )⋅ q3=⋅ p ⋅ ⋅ q33⋅=
p 2, 1 i q 3, 2
( () )( () ) ( ) ( )( ( )) () ()(( )()() ) ) ( (( ))) ( ) −2 ⋅ 3 ⋅qp⋅= q 3⋅ p⋅ q El seu producte escalar.
q3pp⋅ = a)
⋅ ⋅ = ⋅ ⋅⋅5p(3)2,⋅i⋅−qqb5=)==ip(3b1,3
⋅ = ⋅ ⋅ =3p)(⋅ 1,3
⋅ ⋅qq =) 3 ⋅ p ⋅ q i(2, =5=(a)1,3 i2,b)−=5 )(1,3
i)=b (=1,3
p a⋅ q= =(a2,3p=− q p 3 q 3 p q a = (2, −a5= )
b a− ( ))
( )(( ()) )((((( ))))()( ))( ((( ))))(( )(()( )))(( ))
Resolució ⋅ ( i ) b (1,3
⋅⋅ q3=⋅ qp ⋅ =33⋅ ⋅q p=⋅ q3 ⋅ p ⋅ q 333⋅⋅⋅ppp⋅⋅⋅qqq===ppp⋅⋅⋅ 333⋅⋅⋅pqqq== ==(2, 333⋅⋅−⋅ 1ppp)⋅⋅⋅iqqqq = (3,p−=2)(2, −1) i q = (3, −2) b) L’angle que formen.
( )
(
=
)
2, − 5
3 ⋅ p ⋅ q = p ⋅3333⋅⋅⋅pp⋅pq ⋅⋅⋅qq= = 3 ⋅ ⋅ p ⋅ q ⋅ = ⋅
===33333⋅⋅⋅⋅ pppp⋅⋅⋅⋅qqqqa = 3(2,⋅ (−2, ⋅ a =
5−) 1i )b)⋅=(3,
( 2, − 5 ) (1,3 i b = ( 1,3 ) a
a == = ( 2,
2, −− − 55 ) ii b b == = ( 1,3
1,3 )
−2)) = (2, −1) ⋅ (3 ⋅ (3, −2)) = 3 ⋅ ((2, −1) ⋅ (3, −2))
p 3 q 3 p q a 2, 5 i b 1,3
( ) ( ) ( ) 333⋅⋅⋅ppp ⋅⋅⋅qqqq==
3⋅ p⋅ p⋅ q⋅ q= p⋅( 3 ⋅ q =
===ppppp⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅ 33333⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅qqqqq ==
)( () ) (( ))( )((( ))()() ()() ( )()()( ) ))( ( )( ) )
⋅ ⋅ L’angle format pels vectors −
=⋅ q3 ⋅ =p3⋅(q⋅3 ⋅p(⋅2,q−1))⋅ (((3, (
33333⋅⋅⋅−⋅(p(⋅2(2, p)⋅−=q⋅13q(=
)
) 2,⋅))=p⋅⋅−
) (( p⋅13,⋅3, ⋅)q3−⋅3⋅(2=q3⋅)qp⋅=(=⋅3,
)
(
(
=32,−3⋅2−q⋅)1p))p⋅==
)
⋅q⋅3(3q33⋅ ⋅⋅q⋅ (((p3,
( ( ( 2,⋅− −q− 2221⋅)))))p⋅=
)
=(⋅3,
3 3q33⋅⋅⋅−⋅((2(()2,
p
( ) q
−11))⋅⋅ ((3, −22))) a = (2, −5 ) i b = (1,3
) )
c) a = (2, −5 ) i b = (1,3
)
a i
) .b
(33⋅⋅((2,
2,
2, −
2, −11)))⋅⋅((3,
2, − 1 1 ) ⋅ (
⋅⋅qqq=== ppp⋅⋅⋅ 33−3⋅⋅⋅qqq====333⋅⋅−⋅ ppp⋅⋅⋅⋅qq(q ⋅
− 1 ⋅ 3,
3, −
3−−
3, −223))⋅=p((2, 2 ⋅
2 2 p
) == = ⋅ q ( 2,
2, 2, = −− − p
1
⋅ q−1=1))p⋅⋅333⋅((⋅3,
1 1 ⋅) ⋅
⋅ ⋅ 3 3 ⋅ ⋅ ( 3,3,
3,
6, =
q −−2=2))3) ⋅=
− − 3 2 3 ⋅ (= 3p3⋅⋅(q()(2,2,−−(11))⋅⋅((3,3,
= = 3, 3 − 2
2,
2, 2,
= −− − 12, 1 )− ⋅ ⋅ 1 ( 3,
3,) −−(22))) ) d)
3, ⋅ −
− − 2 2
9, )− 6 = 3 ⋅ ( L’angle
2 ⋅ 3 + ( format
− 1 ) ( )pels
⋅ − 2 ) vectors −a i − b .
) ( () )( ) (( )) (( )) (( ))
2, 3,
p ⋅ =33⋅ ⋅q p(= 33⋅⋅⋅ppp ⋅−
−2(2,) =−1()2,⋅ 6, ⋅(31q3−⋅)3⋅(⋅3,
−
q −2(3)6,
)(p3⋅−(⋅⋅3,
(2)3,)−(=((36,2 )=
3⋅ −
6, − (
3= 2, 3⋅ − ( ⋅
33,
1 ⋅ )( −
2, ⋅ 2,(2 9,
−) − 1 = −
1 ) 6 (
⋅ )
(
2, ⋅3, = − −
3,1
3 )
−
2 ⋅ )(
⋅
2 (
2 9,
⋅ = 3 − + 6 2, ) ( −− = 11 3 ) ⋅
⋅ ( 2
3− 2
⋅
⋅ 3 ) )
3, + − ( 2 − 1 ) = ⋅ ( −
3 ⋅2 ) )
)(p⋅−2,333(33())⋅)−)2,⋅⋅⋅q⋅(⋅1((−(3,3,3,)=3,(3,1)−−(−⋅)p−−(22⋅22⋅23,())))3,(3==−3===⋅−2)(⋅((q()32(2,2,2,2,2,)⋅=()−−(−=−−2,1(11112,3)))−)⋅⋅⋅)−⋅1⋅)((()⋅(19,)9,9,p9,9,())3,⋅−⋅−−⋅−q−(((666−63,63))2))⋅−=)===(=623,=333⋅))333⋅−(⋅=⋅⋅2,((2+(2222()2−2,⋅()⋅⋅⋅31−3(33=3−)3++++1+⋅)3(()⋅(⋅(3−−−(⋅−(−−)(1⋅11(113)(2,)2))3,)⋅)⋅⋅⋅−⋅(((−=(3,−1−−−−22)222−2)()⋅))⋅)2())9)3,)=)+3=(2⋅−)3(1()⋅2,()(⋅(−2,(1−−)61)⋅ )()=3,⋅ (3−3,⋅2(−)6)2+))2)
) 2, − 1 ⋅ 3, − 2
(336,
6, ⋅⋅−−−
( ( ) )( ( () )( )( ) ( )
6,
( −
1()2,(⋅2,
3, 2 ) ) 6 )( (
( )( ( 6(66)3⋅⋅⋅⋅33(3+2,
= ⋅ 32, + − (
1( −
)) 3⋅ (
) 3⋅ (
⋅
)) ( )
(
6−(
(
3 32
⋅
3,
3 ⋅ ⋅
3)
⋅( p2,
−−3(+
+2, 2+
2,
⋅−−
++)(−)((−−−
= (
)
(
q11=)p⋅ (⋅3,
2⋅p) −( 3
19)3−
⋅⋅2,
= )
)
3()))⋅⋅⋅()((−3,
3)
+ ⋅ ) (
⋅
( ⋅⋅q(− −
)(3,
−
( (
−)−2(22−
3,2
33−−⋅2⋅2qp ==⋅=q2,
1=
2, ( )
−
))
6,)(=
−
)=
2 ⋅)= )1)22⋅−2)−=⋅⋅6)1⋅(p99()92,
(
−6,322=2−)⋅⋅⋅399)92,
3=⋅−−p1p1⋅⋅⋅⋅q333⋅ q⋅⋅ 3,
3,
())3,2, +=⋅+ ( −((2, 39,−
21−
(11(−−2−)
) )
1 ( ) ))
⋅6( (
⋅
)
1)1⋅)2)=)⋅3⋅)⋅((⋅(=−−
+
3 (
( − ⋅
((
2−9, (6 )
3,=)−−=
3, ) =
−3222⋅)33))⋅⋅)p=(==⋅66q33+
))−−1==(=−22)13⋅) ) ( +3 (⋅⋅⋅2((()(2,
(6+)226)=)2, )
2, 2, −−−111))⋅⋅⋅((3,
( )
3,
3, ( −−−222))))Resolució
))3=−(⋅13( ⋅a⋅)(⋅)23⋅3,b⋅+3−=(2+−a1(−)⋅ 1⋅b()−⋅+2(−a))2⋅)b) = 2 ⋅ 1 + −5 ⋅ 3 = 2 − 15 = −13
)
a ⋅ b = a1 ⋅ b1 + a2 ⋅ b2 = 2 ⋅ 1 + (−5 ) ⋅ 3
=−= − 1
9,− −
1 ⋅6 ⋅9, =
3 − ⋅ 6
3 ⋅
3, =
3 −
2 ⋅
3⋅
2 p
3⋅
(
6 +
6,
6
3⋅(
⋅
2=⋅ q
3 ⋅
−
3 = 1⋅+
−1133)
− ⋅− 3−
6,
3,
)
1 3−−⋅2
⋅(
⋅
132 − −
⋅
2 2 =
23,
−))22(==
=
)
3−
2,
=(
= ⋅ +
++⋅+−
q
−((−3,
− −
1
1− ⋅(
1 1 6 ⋅
3⋅−
⋅ ⋅ −
= 2,63,
(
6 3
6(6−)2,
6 − ⋅ 6= 2 33()⋅⋅9,
⋅
3
)
= 3 ⋅
⋅⋅= ((((666−9,
+
3 6 ⋅ +
33++⋅⋅−2(
− 2 1
2
(
⋅ 3 ⋅ +
−1)
− 2 − 1 ⋅ − 2
1)
+ a (⋅ b )=
−2−22)2)))(
= ⋅ 3, −2) a) 1 aa ⋅⋅ bb2 = = 2aa1 ⋅⋅⋅bbbb1 + ===222222⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅111111++ ++++(((((−− −−−555555)))))⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅333333==
− = − = −
2, 3, 2, 3, 2,
) ( ) ( ) ( ( 6, −
− (
3 ) ) ⋅⋅ ( ( 3, − − ( 2 ) () )
= = ( ( 2, − − ) 1 ) ) ) ⋅)
⋅ ( ( (
9, − − 6 ) ) )= = 3 (⋅ ⋅ ( (2 ⋅ ⋅ 3 ) + + ( ( ( − − 1 ( ))⋅63,)(⋅⋅⋅)⋅6((−(−3, ) )=(63+⋅ ( ( 2, −1aaa)a⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅b(bbb3,====−aaa2a111111)⋅⋅) ⋅bb111111++++aaaaa2222222⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅bbbbb2222222 == ===222222−− 15
15==
15
−−−15
15 ===−− 13
13
−−−1313
13
)⋅ 9=−+12)(⋅⋅−9(19,+)−(⋅ −(6−1)6)=)⋅ (3(=−3⋅63(⋅ 2(⋅ 2,
2 = 2, − 1 ⋅ 9, − 6 =
6(=6,
⋅6, 3
6,
⋅ 3 + + ⋅
−33))
−
⋅ +3
)( 32 )
6
−( − +6⋅
( 3 )3,⋅
2 3, + )
⋅ 3)
(⋅ (
−
+
−
2 − −2
)( 1 )− 3 ) =
3 ⋅
(= ) 2,
−
2,
⋅ (2 −
(
⋅ 1 1
2 )(⋅−a((
+ ) ⋅
= ( ⋅ 9,
−( 9, 2 3,
(⋅ −) 96− 6
)
⋅ 2(
+ − (
=) =33)⋅⋅2(
= =
)
− 3
)31 =)
⋅
2, 2
⋅ 2(
⋅229⋅⋅ 33+(+
− ( −⋅
1
⋅ 3
(
3
6 ( )⋅ + )+ =3 (−⋅
3 1
)1 +
3)⋅ (6 + 2)
) ) 15 13
2,
( 6 3
6, −− 1 2 ⋅⋅( 1 3
3, −2)
3, − 2 2 2
6 = = 6( ⋅ 3 2, +
⋅ 3−+1)
2,
2 − 19
− 3 ⋅ ⋅
39, 3 9,)⋅− ⋅1
− −(66−) 2 3, =
−
2= 2 62 ⋅ 9 + 3 − 6
+(−(
1 2, ⋅ −
1−)1⋅) 2 1 −
a 22⋅)2b2⋅ 1=+2(⋅ −15+)(⋅ −
( ⋅−( 6−=
−)22= −
3 ) )
2⋅ 2
(⋅a(−−2, 66⋅= ⋅ b (⋅6+
)23))⋅ (2 ⋅ 3 + (−315=))⋅⋅2(3−−a=215 ⋅2b−==15 a=⋅ b−= + a ⋅ b += a2 ⋅⋅1b+ =−25⋅ 12⋅⋅+3b=(=2−=2⋅521)−⋅+
) 1 1 a12⋅ ab ⋅12=b a=1 2a⋅ b1 1⋅2b+1(a+2 a⋅ )b2cos 1a(+⋅−b=5(−)−5=⋅13
(32(−−−−⋅)−333(336) ) ⋅⋅+⋅((−−−2−−(222)26, ) ==−==32222)2⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅9999(93,+++++−( (−⋅−b11)==a)⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅( b− a==+ 13 ⋅15
3 = 2 −315= =2 −−13
(2−⋅29)+=(2−⋅19)+⋅ ((−−61()6,)=⋅−(3366−666⋅)6⋅⋅⋅⋅(⋅⋅333)363(=+++3,+++( 6)b)11= =1 333a⋅⋅21⋅( 66b6+ 2+2= −a13 −=13−=13
−2) )=⋅⋅ ( (2,2) −)1= ) ⋅ (9, −6()−−2−11=)1) 3 ⋅(− 266−⋅) 3=)+⋅33((⋅⋅9, −1(66−)+ +⋅+)(22− ) ) ⋅ 3 = 215
1− 2=) − 15 −13
( a ⋅ b = a ⋅ b + ( ) a ⋅ b = p ⋅
2 ⋅ q1 ⋅+ r (a −⋅ 5 b )
aaa⋅⋅⋅3⋅bbb====2aaa1−1 ⋅a⋅15 ⋅b b⋅ b +=+−+ aa
13
− 13
22 ⋅ b⋅ ⋅ bb =
=
22 = 2 ⋅ 1 22 ⋅ ⋅ 1 1 − + +13+ ( (− − − 55 − ) ) ⋅
13⋅ ⋅3
3
2α =
== = 22 − −− 15
15
a ⋅ −==
b =13 −− −1313
( )
2
( ) b
⋅ a − 5 3 2 15 − 13 + − ⋅ 12 + 3
2
+ = + = ⋅ a ⋅ b
3)⋅(−2) = 21⋅ 9 +1(−12 ) ⋅ (2−6 ) = 3 ⋅ (6α+=2) cos = a ⋅ b + 1a ⋅ 1b = 22 ⋅ 12cos + − 5 ⋅ 3 = 2 − 15α =
= αα == aa⋅⋅bb == − a a
13 ⋅1⋅b1
b =
2 2
− − 13 13 = − − 13 13 2 ⇔ α 5
=
18 6 18 6 3 8 cos a b −−=13 13 ⇔ α−−=13 13 139,76º
+q6⋅6r=⋅ 33+⋅ 8(−
( ) 139,76º
(((( ))))
18 + 6 = 18 1 1
13 == 13 ⇔ ⇔ αα == 139,76º
6 ⋅ 3 +24(−=324 ) ⋅ (=−224 p ⋅ ) = 2 ⋅ 9 + (ppp−pp⋅⋅1⋅⋅⋅)qqqq⋅q(⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅−rrrrr6) = 3 ⋅ (6 + 2) p ⋅ q ⋅ r a ⋅ bcos α =
b) cos
cos
cos αα ==
2 + 2 2==
a (⋅⋅−bb5 )= ⋅ 21222 ++ (3−5)22222⋅ 291222⋅ + 10 2 2 2
222 =
== 29 ⋅ 10 ⇔⇔ α
α =
=
⇔ α = 139,76º139,76º
139,76º
139,76º
24 = 24 = ⋅⋅⋅)⋅⋅ ⋅ 10
2
+++1+((⋅a((− 5b55))+13
2 2
24 a ⋅=b ap⋅ = b (−1,1) ,−q13= −(13 2, −4a) ⋅i br == a(− 3,13 −2+− )aaaaa13 ⋅⋅bbbbb a ⋅ ab ⋅222=22b222 a++
a⋅2⋅α
−
(−b−−⋅−5155− )2) a
) ⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅23⋅111=1b12222−2++ =
+++−33333232215
13 2⋅ 1 + (
−=13
29
29
29
−
29
29 −513 310
10
10
10 = −213− 15 =13 −13
cos αcos α = =1α⋅ b ⋅b=2= =
⇔ 2 ⋅
α 1 = = a ⋅ b − 13 = ⇔= α= =−139,76º
⇔−13 α =⇔
( () )
= = = = ⇔ α = 139,76º =
) ( )( ( ) )
1 cos 13
( cos 139,76º
cos α = =
p⋅ q⋅r p ⋅ q ⋅ r p = (−1,1) , qppp= (((2, − − 4 )) ,i,,qqrq= p((⋅3, q− ⋅244r))pii⋅ rrqa= = ⋅ r⋅(p3,
(
⋅ apb−
− q2⋅22⋅2⋅))b)qra2⋅⋅2rb+ (2−5+)− ( )
2
29α⋅−=29 aaa⋅⋅⋅⋅bbb−b10 cos
13=a ⋅22b + (a−⋅5a−− α = 13
( = 2
)
2 ⋅2 12 + 2−13
2−− ⋅13 2 1029 2 ⋅ 10
⇔
1,1 2, 3, 2 −13 10 ) 13 2 2 29
) ( ) ( − ⋅ +
( ) − ⋅
2 2 2 2 2
= = − − 1,1 = = 2, − − = b3, − ⋅ 5 1 + 31 2
3 a 2 b 13 +
⋅ 1− 5 + 3 ( ) 3 13 29 10
p == ((−−1,1= − 1,1)),, qq ==p((⋅2,
1,1 = 2, − 4 ))ii rr =cos i r = ( ( ⋅ − ) ) + − =( ⋅
) + ⇔ α = ⋅
( )( )
p 1,1 , q
(( 2,2,q−−cos
)) 4 4 i r = a 3,
3,α − −= 2 = 13 cos
cos α = 13
= = ⇔ α = ⋅
139,76ºb 2 ⋅ − + =5 − ⋅1 3 ⇔ α
( ) ( )( )
+ = 139,76º
29
139,76º 10
2 2 2
p ⋅ q ⋅ r 26> El resultat p 4 3, 2 cos α = = a 2 b = 5 21 ⋅ − 3⇔
1 +α =
− 5139,76º
⋅ − 3
de pp⋅ ⋅ qq⋅⋅⋅rrr αés = un nombre =a ⋅ breal o 22 2 = 2 aaa ⋅29 ⋅⋅ bbb⇔ α 2=222139,76º
22 +++(a(−−−
5 22 ⋅ 1222 + 3222 2
29⋅⋅⋅ 10
29 10
)=,(pq2,⋅=−q4(2, ⋅ ri−r4 )= i 3, r =−2()3, −2) pun p )= ,(q−Per = =(p)2, ( 4=(a)3,(⋅i2, ( )( ( ) 2=+)(3, 25 )a+⋅⋅(− −1b52)+ ⋅32 12a+⋅ 329 ⋅ 10
⋅5−bcos 5)) ⋅β⋅ =11 ++33 −13 =29 10
((( )))
) ( = (vector? −1,1 1,1 ( ,−q1,1 4 =) i) 2,r −els
= − br2−= ) ) 3, 2 −2per − − ) ⋅− ( bb−⋅1)10 + ( − ) ( ) ( ) ( ) −13 2
, q= 2,=−(4−1,1 ) , q = (2, −4 )cos i r β==(3,−2)cos 2 5 ⋅
2222⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅(α − 3 + ⋅ −
111))))++ ++((((−− −−−55555)))= ⋅⋅⋅⋅(((−− −−−33333)))=)
p què? Fes , q càlculs 4 i r a 2 ⋅ − 2 1 5 3 + (α ) 139,76º
⋅ (−1) + ⇔ (−3
a ⋅ − ⋅ ( − ) ⋅ − − 2
=αaaa= a a
⋅⋅⋅ −−−bbb = b b −−−−11= 13 a b 13 2
−5=
= )(2,
, q−4=)(i2,r−=4 )(3,
i r−2=)(3, −
pp2=)=((−−1,1
p = − 1,11,1))p,,⋅qqq==⋅(r(2,2,−−44))iai r⋅r =−=b((3,3,−−22)) ( ) ( ) i
r = p 3, ⋅ − q 2 ⋅ r cos
cos
cos cos =ββ=
b ββββ====22aaa+⋅⋅⋅a(−
== cos 2
b =2=== 2 2 2 222a2 ⋅2 b 2 222 22 + (22−29
( ( − + ⋅ (
2 5 )⋅ ⋅ 10
2⇔ = 29 ⋅ 10
( )( )
−q1,1 2
( ) ( ) ( () ) ) ( ) ( ) +
2 2 2
a ⋅ −cos cos 1 3
− ( −(− ) ( ) ( )
))22)b+2⋅⋅=⋅⋅⋅⋅((−((=(−(−5−−−−11)1111))⋅2))22)+(⋅−+++213
− ⋅ 5 b ⋅ − +1 − + − 3
⋅ − + −
a ⋅ −b 2 ⋅ (−21)⋅ (+−(1−)5+)(⋅ − (−53)cos )⋅ (−β3c) )= cos β = = 2 ++++=⋅((a((−−
aaaa⋅ ⋅⋅⋅−−−−−bbbbbb a ⋅ −222b2222 2a+ 2 2 + −⋅5551b5)−
−
5 5 ⋅ 1 1 + 3 (+3−(⋅(()(1(−5−−−−−3)33331+⋅)))22)()2(−+−35()−)5⋅ ()−⋅ 3(−)3)
3
2 2 2 2 2 − 2
β =β =2 ⋅ −51)2 +
2 2
cospβ= +
p = (−1,1) , q = (2, −4 ) iara⋅ =⋅−a(b−3,b⋅ −−2b)22 + (22−⋅ 5(+−
Resolució
cos =(−β1,1 = ), q== (2,
( )( ) a ⋅ −
=
b − 4 )(( ))
2 i
)
r 2
( = (
−⋅)25+⋅)(((−13
2 −22)
3, −−⋅115)))(+⋅− ( 1(−
( −−353)+))β⋅((−=13
)
2 2 −13
13 aa
)
3340,24º
2⋅⋅ −
aa) ⋅⋅ −−bb =
− b b coscos
a= ⋅ −22b 2+a2⋅(⋅(−(−−5−12b)1))++⋅+(((−(−−−525512))))⋅+29 = − 5 2 ⋅ ⋅(2⋅(−
2 − −−3⋅3(35)−))10 2 2
)
⇔ β =2 40,24º
2 + (−3) 2
+ 222 + (−5 )22 ⋅(−1(−)1+) (+−3(−)3)
(
+
= 1 cos
=
cos ⇔ β = 13 ⇔ β = a ⋅ − b 1
3 ⋅
2 2
2
β = a=⋅ −b = 2 2 29 ⋅ 2102 ==
β =cos ==cos
= 29 β2 13 =13 2⇔ ⇔ β
⇔ =β = = 40,24º
40,24º
cos β = 240,24º
40,24º
( ) ( )( ) ⋅ − ⇔ ⇔ β β = = 40,24º 222
+⋅(−(5−)1)⋅ +(− )29 ⋅ a ⋅10
10 3⋅ −)−b13 b 2222a+++⋅((−−−−55b5)) ⋅⋅⋅ ((−−−1112))⋅ +(++−(1(−−−)333+))(−5 ) ⋅ (−3)
40,24º
⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅b(a−10
a 10
( )
2
El producte escalar q ⋅ r13dóna a13⋅ un −b nombre, 22 +que 29 2+ b 2 2
= un= vector.⇔ ⇔ β = 40,24º (−25)mul- (−1a29 329 29
⋅)13 −
=
10
10
cos 2=⋅=(13
β ⇔ −113 )β+=(⇔ −40,24º5=) ⋅ (−−3a) ⋅ −b (−2) ⋅ (−1) + 5 ⋅ (−3)
tiplicat per p dóna Enβconseqüència, = 40,24º el cos β== ⇔
=29 ⋅ =10 40,24º
= β β==β 40,24º
resultat és un vector. 29 ⋅ 13
29
=
10 ⋅ 10 13 ( ) ( ) (((( )))) (((( ))))
⇔ β == 40,24º
− a ⋅ − b
===−− −
2913
−−−aaaaa ⋅⋅⋅(⋅⋅ −−−
a ⋅ 13
⋅
−
13 −
2
−−−bbbbb)b (=⇔
b10 ⋅ − ⇔1
⇔ 2)βββ+(=2 + 29 (
5
(=(=−
( (− ⋅ − 2 ⋅
40,24º
29
−40,24º )
22(240,24º
−a ⋅
3 10
2 (
25))))⋅)⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅((()(−−
⋅ −
cos
−
⋅−−10 1 b )
1111)())+ +
+
−
γ⇔
+ 1 5
5555)⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅(+
2 ⋅ (
2
(( −
−
2= 40,24º
3+ )
−−(33a3−))3⋅ )−b
)
( − 25
2 =
) ⋅ ( −
(1−)
2
2 +2 (+−532)⋅ −1 2 + −3 2
)
2
( ) ( )
= 29 ⋅ 10 ⇔ β = cos 40,24º γ cos
cos γ
γ= = = 29 ⋅⋅⋅2 10
==
− −− 2 − 1 )2 2( ) 2
++ 5 −−− 3 3
29 cos
⋅cos −bγγγγ==== aa29
−29 bb−
10 ==⋅
2=
( )(( ))( ) ( ) (( ) ) (( ()) () () )
10 22 2
− ⋅ ⋅ 10 − (−2)(⋅ −(−21))⋅ (+−51⋅)(cos
−a cos cos
+−53)⋅ (−3)13 − ( ⋅
2 )− + 5 ( b−−2 1)13 222 +
+ (
22− 3
⋅
(((−−−a−−2(−2222−))a⋅)2)2++−)++⋅+⋅b5555(−522−2b(⋅⋅⋅1⋅−⋅⇔
5 ) ( − )
)2((+()(−−−−β−⋅511−11(1)=⋅)(13
1 + ( −
2(+)+3−)((+()(2⋅−−
)
−−−(5)3333−3⋅⋅)))1(2)(−−
3
− ⋅ − ⋅ − −)2)(−1− )1+3))5+⋅ 5(−⋅ 3(−)3)
222 222
−a ⋅ −b a b −− −
−−aaaa ⋅⋅⋅ −−−
a ⋅ − b a
bb =− ++
2
γβ==γ==(40,24º
= b 2 2 2 2
+
40,24º 2 2
= γ = =
(( ))(( ))
cos γ cos =γ2 = cos γ2⋅=cos ⇔ 29= ⋅ 10= 2 =
( ) (( )) ( )
d) ⇔ 2 γ = 139,76º
− ⋅ − (=−−+225)⋅ (⋅+−(−−13
2
51(2)−)⋅+ 1⋅ )(5cos +1(1)−
− − a
⋅((−−⋅3a3)10
a ⋅ −
− b
)⋅ −b −a ⋅ −(b−−a2−()⋅−a−2+⋅)b(5−⋅−(b2−⋅ )1)(+−+29
b cos ( − 2 ) ⋅ ( − 1 ) + 5 ⋅ ( − 3 )
(51−5)2(⋅2⋅2−⋅)(+2−10 +)(32−5)+132 )5⋅ 2 +⋅((−−1(3−))1+)2 (+−3(−)3)2
a b (−cos − ⋅ − − ⋅ − + ⋅ −
−a−a⋅ −⋅ ab−⋅b−b
cos γ = = (− 2)=
⋅− (γ)γ−γ+3γ3=−)−−=−+=5−=−29
)13 a b 2 1 5 3 22
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
13
13 13 ⇔γ ====139,76º
cos γ = =⇔cos 1313 139,76º
2== ⇔ −−−)bb2bγγγγγ==
( )( ) ===2 29 1⋅⋅)2 −2−+ ⋅⋅⇔ ⇔
⋅⇔
139,76º
===139,76º 139,76º 2 2
a ⋅ −b−a ⋅ −b(−2)2 +(29
−22)⋅ 2 +10
5 ⋅ (−51)⋅ +(29
a aa −
b( −3cos
139,76º−((−a−−222)⋅) − ++b55 ⋅ ⋅ ((−−−111())−2+ 2++)(⋅(−−(−33−3)1)) + 5 ⋅ (−3)
2 2 + 52 2 ⋅ 2 2
⇔ 139,76º
( )( ) −−10
2
−
( ⋅3⋅⋅⋅)10 10
− 13 −−13
29
− 29
29
29 −a−13 ⋅
10
1010 13 γ = − (13− 2 ) ⋅ ( − 1 ) + =5 ⋅ ( − 3 )
27> Demostra = =que el triangle ⇔ γ⇔ = 139,76º γ =vèrtexs
de 139,76º els punts cos γ == = ⇔= γ= = 139,76º ⇔−13
γ =⇔ 139,76º
γ =γ 139,76º
⋅ (−1) (+−(2−)3)+ 5 ⋅ (−1) + (−3)
29 ⋅−1)29 ⋅ −10 −−a−13 ⋅13 29 ⋅ 10 2−a ⋅2 −b ⇔ =2 139,76º 2
2 2
2 2
A(3, 2), B(8, 13
=
10 i C(9, 13
6) és rectangle
⇔ γ = 139,76º en B. Quant =
==
29 − ⋅
13 10
− b ⇔ ⇔
⇔ γ (
29
= −
γγ==139,76º 2⋅ )
139,76º
29
139,76º ⋅10
+ 5 10
= els altres29dos ⇔ angles γ = 139,76º
mesuren 29 ⋅ 10 ⋅ 10 del triangle? 29 29⋅⋅⋅ 10
29 10 10
−13 −13
= ⇔ γ == 139,76º ⇔ γ = 139,76º v = (3, −4 )
Resolució 29 ⋅ 10 29 ⋅ 10
v = (3, −4 ) vvv = = (3, − )
vvv ====((((3, −−−444444))))
3,
3,3,−−
Hem de comprovar que els vectors BA i BC són or- 3,
29> Trobaun vector de mòdul 3 que sigui ortogo-
togonals: v = (v3,=−4(3, ) −4 ) v = (3, −v4=) (3,v−4=v)(=3, −3,4−)4
nal al vector ( ). Analitza les solu
BA ⋅ BC = 0
v = ( ) 3, v − 4= ( 3, − 4 ) vvv ==cions = ( ( 3,3,3, 44))
−−−4obtingudes.
BA = A − B = ( 3,2) −( 8,1) =( −5,1) v = (3, −4 )
v = (3, −4 )
BC = C − B = ( 9,6 ) −( 8,1) =( 1,5 )
6
BA i BC = ( −5,1) ⋅( 1,5 ) =( −5 ) ⋅ 1 + 1 ⋅ 5 = −5 + 5 = 0
Matemàtiques 1 Batxillerat – Activitats complementàries
Resolució
S’ha de trobar un punt C(x, y) tal que B sigui el punt
mitjà entre A i C. Així,
4 + x −2 + y
4 , = (1,7)
2 2
w = y, y
3
4+ x
2 = 1 ⇒ x = −2
−2 + y = 7 ⇒ y = 16
2
Tenim dos vectors solució: 33> Troba les coordenades dels punts que dividei-
12 9 12 9 xen el segment d’extrems A(–1, 3) i B(9, 13)
w1 = , i w2 = − , − . Els dos són opo- en 5 parts iguals.
5 5 5 5
sats. Al pla sempre tenim dos vectors ortogonals a
un altre vector. Resolució
Anomenem aquests punts M, N, P i Q.
30> Donat el vector w = (3, −4), troba:
a) Els vectors perpendiculars a w i amb el
mateix mòdul que ell.
b) Els vectors perpendiculars a w i unitaris.
c) Els vectors perpendiculars a w i de mòdul 3
(equival a l’activitat anterior). M = A + AM = (−1,3) + (2,2) = (1,5 )
N = M + AM = (1,5 ) + (2,2) = (3,7 )
Resolució
a) u = (4,3) i v = (−4, −3) P = N + AM = (3,7 ) + (2,2 ) = (5,9 )
b) w = u = v = 16 + 9 = 5 Q = P + AM = (5,9 ) + (2,2 ) = (7,11 )
u 4 3 v −4 −3
Per tant, u1 = = , i v1 = = ,
u 5 5 v 5 5 34> Els punts A(–1, 2), B(3,5) i C(5, x) estan ali-
neats. Calcula x.
12 9 −12 −9
c) u2 = 3 ⋅ u1 = , i v2 = 3 ⋅ v1 = ,
5 5 5 5 Resolució
Si estan alineats, els vectors AB i BC són lineal-
j 5.9 Aplicacions geomètriques ment dependents i es compleix:
dels vectors
31> Troba el punt mitjà del segment AB, on
.
Igualant components:
Resolució
7
Matemàtiques 1 Batxillerat – Activitats complementàries
35> Determina les coordenades del baricentre del b) Quines són les coordenades cartesianes del
triangle de vèrtexs els punts A(2, –5), B(1, 6) punt A el vector posició
del qual expressat
i C(6, 2). en forma polar és a = 1180º ?
Resolució Resolució
Si apliquem la fórmula reduïda: 2
1 3
2
1 3
a) p = − + = + = 1 =1
2 2 4 4
3
tg α = 2 = − 3 → α = 120º
1
→ − 2
AB = (−32) + 5 = 9 + 25 = 34
2
→ →
Matemàtiques 1 Batxillerat – Activitats complementàries
Igualant components:
Resolució
3
v = 11⋅⋅((−−1,2
1,2))−−11⋅⋅((3,5
3,5)) == ((−−1,2
1,2))++ ((−−3,
3,−−55)) ==
→
v→ = 3 = 7k → k = 7
== ((−−11−− 3,2
3,2−−55)) == ((−−4,
4,−−33)) 2 = 4k → k = 2 = 1
4 2
a =s (el
7> Donat ) , b = (1,2a )=i (c0,=−3(−) 1,6
0,s−3vectors , b )= (1,2) i
c = (−1,6 )En conseqüència, els vectors → →
AB i AC no són lineal-
a = (0, −3) , b = (1,2) i c = (−1,6 ), comprova que es verifica la igual- ment dependents i els punts A, B i C no estan ali
( )
(
tat: a ⋅ b + c = a ⋅ b + aa⋅ ⋅c b + c = a ⋅ b + a ⋅ c) neats.
( )
a⋅ b+ c = a⋅b+ a⋅c
= (−3,5 ) a = (x ,1) i b = (2,3a) = (x ,1) i b = (2,3)
a = (x ,1) i b = (2,3)
(a + b )⋅ (a + b ) (a + b )⋅ (a + b )
( )(
a+b ⋅ a+b )