 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

ã¹]<gè…‚jÖ]æ<ËÖ]<Üé×Ãj×Ö<íÚ^ÃÖ]<퉉ö¹]
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 J ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

١٤٢٥ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 

 W،،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ،‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬        ،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬    ، 
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
     ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ،‫א‬   
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬

 ? ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ?  ? ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ? ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

   W    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬
 K‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬      
    ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ™
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫™ א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W ‫א‬‫™ א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W ‫א‬‫א‬‫™ א‬
‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
    ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W ‫א‬‫™ א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ،،،‫א‬‫א‬





  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
< ã¹]<gè…‚jÖ]æ<ËÖ]<Üé×Ãj×Ö<íÚ^ÃÖ]<퉉ö¹]
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬






‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 



‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬








 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 W
 W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 K
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W ‫א‬‫• א‬
E‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،،
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W ‫א‬‫• א‬
،‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٢

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬E‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K K١
K‫א‬ K٢
K‫א‬ K٣
K K٤
 K K٥

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬

-٣-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 





   ‫א‬







   ‫א‬


-٤-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 W‫א‬‫א‬
K ١١٠__١٠٥‫א‬٢٤‫א‬‫א‬ K١
W‫א‬E‫א‬٢٠٠٠F‫א‬ K٢
K‫א‬‫א‬EK‫א‬E
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
‫א‬E٢٠٠F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬
١٠‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ K٥
K
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٦

 W‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٠٠×Z‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬–١٠٠Z‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬٪٢‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •


 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٠٠×Z‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬




-٥-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
. solid stat ‫א‬‫א‬ •
Ksemi solid stat‫א‬‫• א‬
.plastic stat‫א‬‫• א‬
.liquid stat ‫א‬‫• א‬
‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Eatterberg limitsFE‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 KEliquid limitF‫א‬
E plastic limitF‫א‬
 KE shrinking limit F‫א‬

-٦-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 ‫א‬‫א‬
 W
‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬W ‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫ א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K٢٥‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬ K١
K‫א‬ K٢
KE،F‫א‬ K٣
KEF K٤
K٤٠ K٥

 ‫א‬

-٧-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬



   



-٨-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 W‫א‬‫א‬
E ١١٠J ١٠٥‫א‬،٢٤F‫א‬‫א‬ K١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢٥٠‫א‬٤٠E‫א‬F‫א‬ K٢
K‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
‫א‬١‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
K‫א‬
K٨‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢‫א‬ K٥
K‫א‬،١٠‫א‬‫א‬ K٦
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢٥‫א‬‫א‬ K٧
K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،٢٥ ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٨
K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬٢٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٩
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬



‫ﻋﺪد‬
‫اﻟﻀﺮﺑﺎت‬ 

٢٥


‫א‬
‫ﺣﺪ اﻟﺴﻴﻮﻟﺔ‬

 E١F

-٩-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 W‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
L‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
L‫א‬ L‫א‬L‫א‬ L‫א‬

٣ ٢ ١ ‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬H‫א‬
‫א‬H‫א‬
E‫א‬F‫א‬
‫א‬
٪‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬






‫א‬








‫ﻧﺴﺒﺔ اﻟﺮﻃﻮﺑﺔ‬

- ١٠ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 ‫א‬‫א‬
 W
‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬W ‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٣٨/1F

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬ K١
K٣٠×٣٠ •
 •
 •
K٤٠ K٢
‫א‬ K٣
 K٤
 K٥







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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 ‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،٢٤٥±١١٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
K‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬٢٥٤٠‫א‬ K٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬٢٥F K٣
K
K‫א‬٨‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
K٣‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٥
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٦
K٣‫א‬‫א‬E٦،٥F‫א‬‫א‬ K٧
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬ K٨







 

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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 W‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬
 ٪=‫א‬
 ‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
٣‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
L‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
L‫א‬ L‫א‬L‫א‬ L‫א‬

٣ ٢ ١ ‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬H‫א‬
‫א‬H‫א‬
E‫א‬F‫א‬
‫א‬
٪‫א‬‫א‬




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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K K١
K‫א‬ K٢
K K٣
K١٢ K٤

 ‫א‬  







- ١٤ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬ K١
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •

 ‫א‬  ‫א‬
         
    ٢٥±١٢٥٠  ١ ١ ١L٢
    ٢٥±١٢٥٠  ٣L٤  ١
   ١٠±٢٥٠٠  ١٠±١٢٥٠  ١L٢ ٣L٤
٣
 ١٠±١٢٥٠  ١٠±٢٥٠٠  ١٠±١٢٥٠  L٨ ١L٢
 ١٠±٢٥٠٠    ١L٤  ٣
L٨
     ٤  ١L٤
١٠±٥٠٠٠     ٨ ٤
١٠±٥٠٠٠ ١٠±٥٠٠٠  ١٠±٥٠٠٠  ١٠±٥٠٠٠  ‫א‬

  ،E٥±١١٠F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
٢٥±٥٠٠٠ ١٢  
٢٥±٤٥٨٤ ١١  
٢٠±٣٣٣٠ ٨  
١٠±٢٥٠٠ ٦  
 L٣٣EF٥٠٠‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
K‫א‬‫א‬،١٢‫א‬ K٤

- ١٥ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 



 W‫א‬
 ١٢‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٠٠CZ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K٪٣٠‫א‬‫• א‬
K٪٤٠‫א‬ •
 K٪٥٠‫א‬ •

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
L‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
L‫א‬ L‫א‬L‫א‬ L‫א‬

٣ ٢ ١  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 EF‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬
 EF١٢‫א‬
 ٪‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬

- ١٦ -
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
< ã¹]<gè…‚jÖ]æ<ËÖ]<Üé×Ãj×Ö<íÚ^ÃÖ]<퉉ö¹]
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

KKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

-١٧-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 W
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫• א‬
K‫א‬‫• א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٣

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
K‫א‬‫ א‬K١
K‫א‬‫ א‬K٢
‫א‬‫א‬ K٣

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬






-١٨-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KEF‫א‬ K١
K٥٠× ٥٠ × ٥٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
K‫א‬ K٣
K K٤
K‫א‬ K٥













-١٩-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 

  ‫א‬ 







 ٥٠× ٥٠ C٥٠‫א‬‫א‬   


-٢٠-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
‫א‬‫א‬EWF٣W١‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٪١٠‫א‬،
KE٦F
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
W‫א‬ K٤
١±٢٠‫א‬٪٩٠‫א‬W‫א‬‫• א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،٢٤
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫• א‬
‫א‬،٢٨٣،٧٣‫א‬ K٥
K‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٦
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬EF‫א‬ •
‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٧
K

 W‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬E٢٨،٧F٣

 ‫א‬
 =‫א‬
 E٣F‫א‬

٢
 ‫א‬
 L=‫א‬
 K‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

-٢١-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 




 L‫א‬‫ א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 L‫א‬  L‫א‬L‫א‬
 ٣  ٢  ١  ‫א‬
    ‫א‬
    ‫א‬
    ‫א‬
  ‫א‬












-٢٢-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬


 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬ K١
E١٦٠C٤٠C٤٠F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
K‫א‬ K٣
K K٤
K‫א‬‫א‬ K٥
K K٦











-٢٣-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 


 
 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬



  ‫א‬ 








 ‫א‬   ١٦٠C٤٠C٤٠‫א‬‫א‬




-٢٤-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
‫א‬‫א‬W٣W١‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٪١٠‫א‬،
KE٦F
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
W‫א‬ K٤
١±٢٠‫א‬٪٩٠‫א‬W‫א‬‫• א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ٢٤
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫• א‬
‫א‬،٢٨٣،٧٣‫א‬ K٥
K‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٦
E٢٠F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫• א‬
‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٧
K



 W‫א‬

 ‫א‬
 =‫א‬
 E٣F‫א‬

 ‫א‬ C ٣{٥   
 ٢LZ‫א‬
 ١٠٠٠

-٢٥-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 L‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬  L‫א‬L‫א‬

 ٣ ٢  ١  ‫א‬
    ‫א‬
   ٢L‫א‬


-٢٦-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬


 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬ K١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
K‫א‬ K٣
K K٤
K‫א‬‫א‬ K٥
K K٦











-٢٧-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 



 

  ‫א‬‫א‬ 





 ‫א‬   ‫א‬

-٢٨-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
‫א‬‫א‬W٣W١‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٪١٠‫א‬،
 KE٦F
‫א‬٤٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
W‫א‬ K٤
١±٢٠‫א‬٪٩٠‫א‬W‫א‬‫• א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ٢٤
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫• א‬
‫א‬،٢٨٣،٧٣‫א‬ K٥
K‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٦
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
KE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬ •
‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٧
K

 W‫א‬

 ‫א‬
 =‫א‬
 E٣F‫א‬



 ‫א‬    
 ٢LZ‫א‬
 ‫א‬

-٢٩-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 


 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 L‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬  L‫א‬L‫א‬

 ٣ ٢  ١  ‫א‬
    ‫א‬
   ٢L‫א‬



-٣٠-
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
< ã¹]<gè…‚jÖ]æ<ËÖ]<Üé×Ãj×Ö<íÚ^ÃÖ]<퉉ö¹]
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

-٣١-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 W
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K ‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫• א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W‫• א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W‫• א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
KE،F‫א‬W‫• א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
K‫א‬‫ א‬K١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٢
K‫א‬‫ א‬K٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KE‫א‬،،F‫א‬‫א‬ K١
KELF‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
KEF‫א‬ K٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬ K١
K‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
KE،F‫א‬ K٣
K K٤


 

 ‫א‬


 

  ‫א‬ 







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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
K
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
E ‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
E‫א‬‫א‬٢٥F
K‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
K‫א‬‫א‬ K٥
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٦
K‫א‬

 W‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


 
   ‫א‬



 ‫א‬  ‫א‬
E٣F
-٣٤-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 


 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 EF‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
 ٢٠J   
 ٤٠J ١٠  
 ١٢٠J ٣٠  
 ١٨٠J ١٠٠  
 ٢٢٠J ١٨٠  


-٣٥-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٣٠‫א‬ K١
K٥‫א‬،٦٣L٤‫א‬،١٠‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
K‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
K K٤
 

 
‫א‬


 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬


-٣٦-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬ K١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
١٥‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ K٤
K‫א‬١٥
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ K٥
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٦

 W‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ١٠
 -EF‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٠٠×=‫א‬
 ١٠  

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 ٪٢٠J   
 ٪ ٦٠J ١٥  
 ٪١٠٠J ٥٠  
 ٪١٢٠J ٩٠  
 ٪١٥٠J ١١٠  




-٣٧-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 


 ‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬ K١
 ‫א‬٥‫א‬١٠‫א‬ •
١١
٩‫א‬٥‫א‬٩‫א‬ •
K١٢‫א‬٦‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
٢٥‫א‬ K٣

  ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 ‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬



 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬



-٣٨-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

  ‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
K‫א‬‫א‬
٦‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٥
K‫א‬‫א‬E٢٥F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٦
K‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬ K٧

 W‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬
  =‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ٠{٧٨
   ٠{٨٥
   ٠{٩٢
   ٠{٩٥
-٣٩-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

-٤٠-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 =‫א‬×‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬ K١
K‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
K K٣

 

 
 


 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

-٤١-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
٪١٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
K‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٥
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٦

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K٪٧‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

-٤٢-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢


 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  K‫א‬ K١
K‫א‬ K٢
K K٣
K‫א‬ K٤





-٤٣-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 


 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬



 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

  ‫א‬ 




    ‫א‬



-٤٤-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
٨‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
K‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
E ‫א‬،‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
K‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٥
Eagent2F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Eagent1F‫א‬ K٦
K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٧
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٢٤‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٨
K‫א‬‫א‬٥±١١٠‫א‬


-٤٥-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 W‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 E‫א‬+ ‫א‬F‫א‬-‫א‬‫א‬=‫א‬

 ‫א‬
 ١٠٠×=‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬


-٤٦-
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
< ã¹]<gè…‚jÖ]æ<ËÖ]<Üé×Ãj×Ö<íÚ^ÃÖ]<퉉ö¹]
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

-٤٧-
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 W
‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE،F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K
 W‫א‬‫א‬
KE‫א‬،،،F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
K‫א‬ K٢
K‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
KE‫א‬،‫א‬F‫א‬ K٤
E‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٥
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٢٨،٧F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KE‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫• א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬



-٤٨-
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢٨،٧‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬ K١
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
E٢٠×٢٠،١٥×١٥،١٠×١٠F‫א‬ •
E٣٠×١٥،٢٠×١٠F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬ K٣
E‫א‬F K٤











-٤٩-
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 

  ‫א‬‫א‬ 





 ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬



-٥٠-
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 


 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬،F‫א‬‫א‬ K١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
٢٥F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
K‫א‬E‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ K٤
K٢٤‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢٤ K٥
K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٦
K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٧
K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٨
K

-٥١-
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 


 W‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬
 ٣L =‫א‬
 ‫א‬

 ١٠٢×EF‫א‬  EF‫א‬
 E‫א‬×‫א‬F‫א‬ ٢
٢
‫א‬
E E‫א‬F×٣{١٤F‫א‬‫א‬



 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 L‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 L‫א‬  L‫א‬L‫א‬

 ٣  ٢  ١  ‫א‬
    ‫א‬
    ‫א‬
   ‫א‬
   ٢‫א‬
   ٢L‫א‬
 ٢L‫א‬


-٥٢-
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 ‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K K١
K‫א‬ K٢



 
 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬

  ‫א‬ 


 

  ‫א‬ 


-٥٣-
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 W‫א‬‫א‬
E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
K‫א‬‫א‬
K٢٢٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣

ْ ٩٠H‫א‬  ˚‫א‬

˚٤٥J ‫א‬  K˚٤٥H‫א‬

 


  ْ ٩٠J ‫א‬ 
E٣F
-٥٤-
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٤
K‫א‬
K٢٢٠٠‫א‬‫א‬١٠‫א‬‫א‬ K٥
KERF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٦
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٧
K‫א‬


 W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EWmF‫א‬‫א‬
 W
E‫א‬+‫א‬‫א‬F=EWmaxF‫א‬‫• א‬
E‫א‬- ‫א‬‫א‬F=EWminF‫א‬‫• א‬

 K‫א‬=∆

-٥٥-
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 L‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 L‫א‬  L‫א‬L‫א‬

  ‫א‬‫א‬
  ERF‫א‬‫א‬
  EWmF‫א‬‫א‬
  ( ∆F‫א‬
  EWminF‫א‬‫א‬
  EWmaxF‫א‬‫א‬

∆ Wm= + ∆ Wmax
Wmin= Wm – ∆

-٥٦-
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬ K١
E٧٥C١٥C١٥،٥٠C١٠C١٠،٤٠C١٠C١٠CF‫א‬ K٢
K‫א‬ K٣

 

  ‫א‬ 


-٥٧-
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 






 ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬



 

  ‫א‬ 




-٥٨-
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ K١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
K ‫א‬‫א‬
E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
E‫א‬ ،‫א‬F
˚٢٠‫א‬١٥‫א‬٪٩٠‫א‬ K٤
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،٢٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢٤‫א‬‫א‬ K٥
‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٦
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٧

-٥٩-
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 W‫א‬
K‫א‬٢٨،٧‫א‬
 W
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬×‫א‬
 =‫א‬
 ٣E‫א‬F



‫اﻟﺤﻤﻞ‬ 



‫ب‬ 



‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﺮآﺎﺋﺰ‬ ‫ب‬



E٤F

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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 


 W‫א‬‫א‬

 L‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 L‫א‬  L‫א‬L‫א‬

 ٣  ٢  ١  ‫א‬
    ‫א‬
‫ א‬  ‫ א‬  ‫ א‬ 
 ‫א‬
        
   ‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫א‬

    ‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬











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  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
< ã¹]<gè…‚jÖ]æ<ËÖ]<Üé×Ãj×Ö<íÚ^ÃÖ]<퉉ö¹]
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 W

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫• א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫• א‬
K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬ K١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬ K١
K‫א‬ K٢




  ‫א‬ 


-٦٤-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 




 

  ‫א‬ 







 
    ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬

-٦٥-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
W‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ •
KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٥
K‫א‬
‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٦
K‫א‬،‫א‬


-٦٦-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 W‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬ •
‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬

‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬
‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬


 E٥F

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 W‫א‬‫א‬

 
 =‫א‬
 ‫א‬

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 =‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬





‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،٨‫א‬‫א‬W
 W‫א‬‫א‬K٢٢‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

٢{٨ ٢{٣ ١{٩ ١{٦ ١{٣ ١{٥ ١{١٢ ٠{٩ ٠{٥ ٠{١  ٠ ‫א‬

١٧ ١٤ ١٠  ٨  ٤  ٢ ١{٥  ١ ٠{٢ ٠{٠٤  ٠ ‫א‬


 ١٠٠٠×٢{٨
 ٢L٥٥٧٣{٢٥Z =‫א‬
 ٢E٠{٤F×٣{١٤

 ١٧
 ٠{٠٧٧==‫א‬
 ٢٢٠




-٦٨-
  ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 


 ‫א‬‫א‬

atterberg limits  
Liquid stat  ‫א‬‫א‬
solid stat  ‫א‬‫א‬
plastic stat  ‫א‬‫א‬
semi solid stat  ‫א‬‫א‬
shrinking limit  ‫א‬
liquid limit  ‫א‬
plastic limit  ‫א‬


-٦٩-
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫ א‬E١
L
E‫א‬F‫א‬ E٢
‫א‬L
E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ E٣
LK
E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٤
‫א‬L‫א‬L
‫א‬ E٥
‫א‬L
E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬ E٦
 ‫א‬LK‫א‬LK
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٧
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EASTMF‫א‬‫א‬ E٨
ANNUAL BOOK OF ASTM STANDARDS ( SECTION 4 CONSTRUCTION )
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EASTMF‫א‬‫א‬ E٩
ANNUAL BOOK OF ASTM STANDARDS ( SECTION 4 CONSTRUCTION )

-٧٠-
  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 ‫א‬W
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ٤  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K١
 ٥  ‫א‬  K٢
 ٩،٥    K٣
 ٥    K٤
 ٨  ‫א‬  K٥
 ٩  ‫א‬  K٦
 ٩  ‫א‬‫א‬  K٧
 ٩    K٨
 ١٣  ‫א‬  K٩
 ١٥  ‫א‬  K١٠
 ٢٢  ‫א‬‫א‬  K١١
 ٢٢  ‫א‬  K١٢
 ٢٢  ٥٠×٥٠×٥٠‫א‬  K١٣
 ٢٦  ‫א‬  K١٤
 ٢٦  ١٦٠×٤٠×٤٠‫א‬  K١٥
 ٢٦  ‫א‬‫א‬  K١٦
 ٣٠  ‫א‬  K١٧
 ٣٠  ‫א‬  K١٨
 ٣٠  ‫א‬  K١٩
 ٣٦  ‫א‬  K٢٠
 ٣٨  ‫א‬‫א‬  K٢١
 ٣٨  ‫א‬‫א‬  K٢٢
 ٤٠  ‫א‬  K٢٣
 ٤٢  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K٢٤
  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 ٤٥ RAM ‫א‬‫א‬  K٢٥

 ٥١  ‫א‬  K٢٦
 ٥١  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K٢٧
 ٥٢  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K٢٨
 ٥٢  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K٢٩
 ٥٤  ‫א‬  K٣٠
 ٥٤  ‫א‬  K٣١
 ٥٩  ‫א‬‫א‬  K٣٢
 ٦٠  ‫א‬  K٣٣
 ٦٠  ‫א‬  K٣٤
 ٦٦  ‫א‬‫א‬  K٣٥
 ٦٧  ‫א‬‫א‬  K٣٦
 ٦٧  ‫א‬  K٣٧

  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 ‫א‬W
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ١٠  ‫א‬‫א‬  K١
 ٣٧  ‫א‬  K٢
 ٥٧  ‫א‬  K٣
 ٦٣  ‫א‬‫ א‬ K٤
 ٧١  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K٥

 

 ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 ٣  ‫א‬‫א‬
 ٧  ‫א‬
 ١١  ‫א‬
 ١٤  ‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 ٢٠  ‫א‬‫א‬
 ٢٤  ‫א‬‫א‬
 ٢٨  ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 ٣٤  ‫א‬‫א‬
 ٣٧  ‫א‬‫א‬
 ٣٩  ‫א‬‫א‬
 ٤١  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٤٢  EramF‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٤٩  ‫א‬‫א‬
 ٥٣  ‫א‬
 ٥٧  ‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 ٦٤  ‫א‬‫א‬

 







 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
GOTEVOT appreciates the financial support provided by BAE SYSTEMS