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1: Introduction The Age of Simulation 1.1. INTRODUCTION dictionary defines simulate as simply “to give an appearance of.” To the Jineer or analyst, simulation involves the utilization of a model to obtain insight into the behavior of a physical process. It is a process or mecha- by which a particular problem can be studied in varying depths of detail ‘obtain answers or to confirm hypotheses. Simulation has long been recog- in many applied science disciplines as the final resort; as Wagner* says: “When all else fails, ... simulate.” In operations research, exten- ‘use has been made of simulation studies; some examples are: |. Transportation model networks Stock market performance Telephone system design Supermarket checkout counters ‘of the widespread need in some of these areas, special-purpose hhave been developed to meet the particular demands for simu- , however, involves a lot more than just the design and use of a to analyze a process, be it an oil reservoir system or a network problem. The word simulation conjures up different things to dif- .. Some people's concept of simulation borders on the incredible: isa black box of unknowns which miraculously produces results in some way sacred, numbers that are infallible to all their significant eo uy ways suortenbo Ase sayy 99 pynoo Sag 1nq‘suonenbo “pp rwsed payoyimo> £96 ‘iv suorenba 2sout YOM {Unsorted wy “wore =\st don 30 JOLNEGEA [OIG 2G) 208 sppoUs [SEEUPNTEN, Gen s3gquuea UL funajoned w Supnpoad puv Sud pv Sure ps pu uswny =f, pes 2900 2020S yovorddy Buyopory out esaa2s pontar 2q 01 sey ssao0ud ajo amp YO St Dounrera 2q uB9 uonnpos ap uo suaaurtzrd snoUPs ns Kron ons psonpaxd aan TEroeurvotans pu [aa {G0Te/S31u0U058 Jo YOR SEA 2 Jo AEM . women, | £4235 Uipuseasour auoasq ot nq “w2sKe pamact ‘ways 24) Jo so1aeyog 31K wo posmg soueuL oped 590 meaner ea 9} “ord ap simi oF 209 rq tagoidw jo on woeoadde ee a, vonemas 6 s0y eu :vommpenst J 9 NOWWINWIS 40 HIMOHD Zh = fem) som ea jo ao UL OTT Sm sana] Tans ae ara vane wile] “C1 Ay wy WAoys are sou. suazaqoo v orm sseRHaAE 2H) Pur ZOVEL nuns om) Jo uitzo 2, “2u1yreu eusip seme « wo fspoUs [waTeUaEE ‘ip rrouaydar yorqa sureddoud indies jo vopsayoo & va st Joss Su “suorvenbo asa ass 0} papoou swiso8e ayy fe 28 [2pOU 2) oHUt Daveodsoouy ‘wnypou sJonser ogy U S5E4d DI mop ar-

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